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On Tuesday, I cared for a dog who was only a year and a half old and already carrying so much excess weight that she could barely walk. She could barely breathe.

She had come in for an ovariohysterectomy, what most people simply call a spay. Every anesthetic procedure carries risk, but this young dog’s risk was compounded before I ever made an incision. Her chest and abdomen were burdened by excess fat. Her ability to ventilate was compromised. Her airway was already anatomically restricted because she was a brachycephalic breed. Her body had almost no reserve. And she was only eighteen months old.

What stayed with me was the sense that the people who loved her believed her size was cute. I do not doubt that they loved her. I do not believe they intended to harm her. But love and good intentions do not make a dangerous body condition safe.

With every bit of restraint and compassion I had, I explained that her weight was not a cosmetic issue. It increased the danger of anesthesia and surgery. It was affecting her heart, lungs, airway, joints, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, mobility, comfort and, very likely, the length of her life. This is the conversation we have to stop avoiding:

A pet struggling beneath the weight of excess body fat is not cute. That pet is sick.

Saying so is not cruelty. Allowing the condition to continue because the truth feels uncomfortable is not kindness. Assuming some one else will talk to them about it is negligent.

A small side note on brachycephalic before we dig in.

What “brachycephalic” really means

Brachycephalic means “short-headed.” These are dogs whose skulls have been selected for a shortened, flattened facial shape. Common examples include French and English Bulldogs, Pugs, Boston Terriers, Pekingese, Shih Tzus and Boxers.

The shortened skull does not mean all of the soft tissue inside the head becomes proportionally smaller. As a result, these dogs may have:

• Stenotic nares: nostrils that are narrowed or collapse inward during inhalation

• An elongated or thickened soft palate: tissue that extends into the airway and obstructs airflow

• A hypoplastic trachea: a windpipe that is abnormally narrow

• Everted laryngeal saccules or progressive laryngeal collapse: tissue pulled into the airway by chronically increased effort to breathe

• An oversized tongue relative to the available space

Together, these abnormalities are known as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, or BOAS. These dogs may snort, gag, sleep poorly, regurgitate, overheat easily, struggle with exercise or collapse. Noisy breathing is common in these breeds, but common is not the same as normal.

Now add obesity. Fat around the neck, chest and abdomen further restricts airflow and chest expansion. The tissues require more oxygen while the body has less capacity to obtain it. During anesthesia, normal protective airway reflexes are suppressed, respiratory drive changes, the chest must be positioned and ventilated, and recovery after the breathing tube is removed becomes especially vulnerable.

In a brachycephalic dog, obesity does not create a second, unrelated problem. It tightens an airway that may already be too small.

Fat is not an inactive storage compartment

We often talk about body fat as if it were extra padding. It is not.

Adipose tissue is metabolically active. It produces and alters signaling molecules called adipokines and participates in immune and hormonal regulation. With obesity, that signaling can promote persistent, low-grade systemic inflammation. The result is both mechanical overload and biochemical injury, occurring at the same time. That is why the consequences reach far beyond the number on a scale.

What obesity costs the body

Lungs, airway and temperature regulation

Excess fat limits expansion of the chest and diaphragm, increases the work required to breathe and raises oxygen demand. A study of 36 Retrievers found that markedly obese dogs developed significantly greater expiratory airway resistance during rapid breathing. This helps explain why a dog may seem reasonably comfortable at rest but struggle with exertion, excitement, heat or respiratory illness.

Dogs primarily cool themselves through panting. A dog who cannot move air effectively cannot cool effectively. For a brachycephalic dog, heat, exercise, stress and obesity can converge into a genuine airway emergency.

Heart and blood vessels

More tissue requires more blood flow. The heart must work harder to serve a larger body, while obesity-related inflammation and metabolic changes can affect vascular function and blood pressure.

In a 2022 study of 24 dogs with obesity, impaired relaxation of the heart was found in all dogs before weight reduction, increased left ventricular wall thickness was common, and 14 of 24 had systolic blood pressure of at least 160 mmHg. Some cardiac wall measurements improved after significant weight and fat loss. This was a small study and does not mean every obese dog will develop clinical heart disease, but it demonstrates that obesity can produce measurable cardiovascular changes.

Joints, spine, ligaments and mobility

Every step places force through joints. Excess weight multiplies that mechanical load, accelerates wear and makes movement harder. At the same time, inflammatory signals from fat tissue may contribute to the pain and progression of osteoarthritis.

Obesity is associated with orthopedic disease and is a recognized modifiable risk factor for canine osteoarthritis. Greater body weight has also been identified as a risk factor for cranial cruciate ligament rupture, one of the most common and costly orthopedic injuries in dogs. You do NOT want to go through this! Cruciate injury is costly, in both time and money.

This can become a cruel cycle: Pain reduces movement. Reduced movement lowers energy expenditure. Muscle is lost. Weight rises. Joints become less stable. Pain worsens. And so on, the cycle continues. But we can help, there is hope!

Weight reduction can help break that cycle. In a study of obese dogs with osteoarthritis, even modest weight loss was associated with improved lameness (limping). Fun fact, GLP-1 receptor agonists are being evaluated for canine obesity, but they are still experimental and none is currently FDA-approved for weight loss in dogs.

The most relevant evidence is a 2025 clinical study of liraglutide, a human GLP-1 drug, in overweight dogs. The authors reported reduced appetite and body weight and concluded that liraglutide could potentially become a canine obesity treatment. However, this was an early study, there is not enough to establish routine dosing, long-term safety, appropriate patient selection, or durability after discontinuation.

Liver and metabolism

The liver processes nutrients, regulates blood glucose and lipids, and participates in detoxification. Obesity can alter lipid metabolism, increase circulating triglycerides and cholesterol, and contribute to insulin resistance, leading to diabetes.

Endocrine system

Endocrine disease, including hypothyroidism or hyperadrenocorticism (Cushings) can contribute to weight gain in some dogs and should be investigated when the history or examination raises concern. Medical contributors are real. They do not make the excess weight safe, and they do not remove the need for a plan. Routine labwork can help investigate these concerns further.

Kidneys and urinary system

Obesity can be associated with hypertension and altered renal blood flow. Evidence for direct obesity-caused chronic kidney disease in pet dogs is less definitive than the evidence in people and laboratory models, so it would be inaccurate to promise that obesity alone will cause kidney failure. What we can say is that excess weight adds physiologic strain and can complicate blood-pressure control, mobility, hygiene, urinary health and the management of existing renal disease.

Skin and immune function

Deep skin folds, reduced mobility and difficulty grooming can trap moisture and debris, especially in brachycephalic dogs. This promotes dermatitis and recurrent infection. Obesity-associated inflammatory and immune changes may further impair skin health and healing.

Digestion and reproduction

Obesity can increase the technical difficulty of abdominal surgery because normal anatomy is obscured by fat, tissue handling is more challenging and operative time may increase. It may also increase reproductive and birthing complications. Brachycephalic breeds already have a high burden of dystocia and Caesarean delivery; excess fat adds another avoidable challenge.

Anesthesia, surgery and recovery

Anesthesia removes the body’s margin for error. Obesity can make it more difficult to:

• Obtain intravenous access

• Calculate and deliver some medications appropriately

• Position the patient safely

• Intubate and manage the airway

• Ventilate the lungs

• Monitor circulation and blood pressure

• Maintain normal body temperature

• Close an incision without excess tension

• Recover mobility and breathe safely after extubation

Obesity should not be described as a guarantee of anesthetic complication, because risk depends on the patient, procedure and anesthetic plan. It is, however, an important clinical factor. Combined with BOAS, it can sharply reduce respiratory reserve.

Comfort, behavior and quality of life

A dog does not have to cry out to be uncomfortable. Chronic pain may look like reluctance to rise, lagging on walks, avoiding stairs, panting at rest, irritability, poor sleep, difficulty grooming or simply becoming “less playful with age.” In a young dog, we may never get to see the normal energy that excess weight has already suppressed.

Researchers studying 50 obese, client-owned dogs found that quality of life was reduced in obesity. Among the 30 dogs that completed a weight-loss program, vitality improved and both pain and emotional disturbance scores decreased. They did not merely become smaller, they felt better.

The years it can cost

The lifespan data should stop us in our tracks.

In a controlled lifetime study of 48 Labrador Retrievers, dogs fed 25% less than their paired littermates maintained a leaner body condition, developed chronic disease later and lived a median of 1.8 years longer. I’d bet the majority of us would do ANYTHING for just one more day. Imagine if you could get close to 2 more years, simply by adjusting nutrition and exercise. Wow. I am in.

A much larger retrospective study examined more than 50,000 neutered dogs across 12 popular breeds. In every breed studied, overweight dogs had shorter median lifespans than dogs in normal body condition. The difference ranged from about five months in German Shepherd Dogs to approximately two and a half years in Yorkshire Terriers. Because this was an observational study, it demonstrates association rather than proving that weight alone caused every difference. The consistency across all 12 breeds remains difficult to dismiss.

Another large life-expectancy analysis reported an estimated 11.71 years at birth for dogs scored obese on a five-point scale, compared with 13.14 years for those scored overweight.

We spend enormous energy looking for ways to give our dogs more time. Maintaining a healthy body condition is one of the most powerful tools already in our hands.

The hard truth about control

A dog cannot open the bag, read the feeding chart, measure a cup, order treats, refill the bowl or decide that table scraps “do not count.” TREATS COUNT TOO!

With rare exceptions such as scavenging or access provided by another animal or person, the dog’s entire food environment is controlled by humans. Genetics may influence appetite. Breed, age, neuter status, medication, pain, endocrine disease and metabolism may influence calorie requirements. Those factors affect how much a dog needs. They do not place food in the bowl. We do.

Food is love in many homes. Treats create a moment of connection. Feeding a begging dog relieves our own discomfort. Multiple family members may each believe they are giving “just one.” Package recommendations may overestimate an individual dog’s needs. A cup may be heaped instead of level. A cup may be a stadium cup! Dental chews, training rewards, pill pockets, scraps and enrichment toys may go uncounted.

THIS IS NOT A CUP YOU SHOULD USE TO FEED YOUR DOG

None of that makes someone a bad owner. But once we know, we become responsible for what we do next.

Exercise matters for muscle, mobility, cardiovascular health, enrichment and weight maintenance. But most meaningful weight loss is achieved first by controlling calories. We cannot outwalk an overfilled bowl, particularly in a dog who is already painful or unable to breathe. Change happens in the kitchen, and you are in control.

How to tell if your dog is overweight

The number on the scale is not enough. Veterinarians use a body condition score, commonly a nine-point scale.

For most dogs, an ideal score is 4 or 5 out of 9:

• The ribs are easy to feel beneath a thin layer of fat

• A waist is visible from above behind the ribs

• The abdomen tucks upward when viewed from the side

At 6 out of 9, the dog is already above ideal. At 8 or 9 out of 9, ribs may be difficult or impossible to feel, the waist and abdominal tuck are absent, and substantial fat deposits are present.

Coat, loose skin and breed shape can mislead the eye. Put your hands on your dog. Ask your veterinarian to show you the ribs, waist and abdominal tuck and to document both body condition and muscle condition. An overweight dog can still have significant muscle loss hidden beneath fat.

What to do now

Start with an honest assessment

Schedule a veterinary examination. Record current weight, body condition score, muscle condition score and an estimated ideal weight. Discuss changes in thirst, urination, appetite, breathing, stamina, mobility, skin and medications. Your veterinarian may recommend laboratory testing based on age, examination and history.

Measure every calorie

For at least one week, write down everything that enters your dog’s mouth:

• Meals

• Treats

• Dental chews

• Table food

• Food used for pills

• Training rewards

• Food-dispensing toys

• Supplements with calories

• Anything given by children, visitors, neighbors or other caregivers

Use a gram scale when possible. Measuring cups are convenient but imprecise, particularly with small portions. Decide who feeds, post the daily allotment where everyone can see it, and take treats from that measured total.

Build the plan around the ideal dog, not the current bowl

A veterinarian or veterinary nutrition professional can estimate a starting calorie target based on ideal weight, health status and lifestyle. Feeding-chart amounts are starting points, not instructions carved in stone. Adjustments should be based on the dog’s actual response. See Dr. Barr’s article on how to calculate your pet’s needs here:

A therapeutic weight-management diet may allow better nutrient, protein and fiber intake while calories are restricted. Simply feeding much less of a maintenance food can risk inadequate essential nutrients and loss of lean muscle.

Make treats count

Treats should generally remain a small portion of daily calories. Break them into tiny pieces. Dogs value the frequency and interaction more than the size. Consider using part of the measured meal allotment for training. Low-calorie options must still be safe for the individual dog’s medical conditions.

Affection does not have to be edible. A sniff walk, brushing, play, training, massage or five uninterrupted minutes on the floor together can be love too.

Move safely

Do not launch a severely obese, painful or brachycephalic dog into strenuous exercise. Begin with a veterinary assessment and a plan appropriate for the dog’s airway, joints, heart and temperature tolerance. Several short, controlled walks may be safer than one long effort. Stop for labored breathing, distress, weakness, excessive panting or heat intolerance.

Recheck and adjust

Weight management is medical care, not a one-time diet. Reweigh regularly, reassess body and muscle condition, and adjust calories if progress stalls or loss occurs too quickly. Photograph the dog from above and from the side in the same position and lighting. Track breathing, stamina, pain, sleep and playfulness, not only pounds.

This is exactly where Root & Remedy can help

You do not have to solve this by guessing, and you do not have to wait until your pet can no longer walk, breathe or live comfortably.

Root & Remedy can work alongside you and your primary veterinarian to look at the whole animal: current and ideal body condition, diet and treat history, pain, mobility, inflammation, sleep, stress, medications, medical contributors and the realities of your household. From there, we can help build a practical, individualized plan with measurable goals and follow-up.

This is not about punishment. It is not about withholding love. It is about changing the way love is expressed so the animal receiving it can breathe, move, play and remain with you longer.

Your pet cannot make this change alone. The food is in our hands. The decisions are in our hands. And, uncomfortable as that truth may be, the hope is there too.

It is up to us, but we do have a partner in this. It is time to have the hard conversation, make the changes and give our pets back the life their bodies were meant to live.

References and further reading

1. Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, et al. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2002;220(9):1315–1320. doi:10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315.

2. Lawler DF, Larson BT, Ballam JM, et al. Diet restriction and ageing in the dog: major observations over two decades. British Journal of Nutrition. 2008;99(4):793–805. doi:10.1017/S0007114507871686.

3. Salt C, Morris PJ, Wilson D, Lund EM, German AJ. Association between life span and body condition in neutered client-owned dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2019;33(1):89–99. doi:10.1111/jvim.15367.

4. Montoya M, Morrison JA, Arrignon F, et al. Life expectancy tables for dogs and cats derived from clinical data. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2023;10:1082102. doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1082102.

5. German AJ. The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats. Journal of Nutrition. 2006;136(7 Suppl):1940S–1946S. doi:10.1093/jn/136.7.1940S.

6. Laflamme DP. Obesity in dogs and cats: What is wrong with being fat?. Journal of Animal Science. 2012;90(5):1653–1662. doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4571.

7. Bach JF, Rozanski EA, Bedenice D, et al. Association of expiratory airway dysfunction with marked obesity in healthy adult dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2007;68(6):670–675. doi:10.2460/ajvr.68.6.670.

8. Partington C, Hodgkiss-Geere H, Woods GRT, et al. The effect of obesity and subsequent weight reduction on cardiac structure and function in dogs. BMC Veterinary Research. 2022;18:351. doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03449-4.

9. German AJ, Holden SL, Wiseman-Orr ML, et al. Quality of life is reduced in obese dogs but improves after successful weight loss. Veterinary Journal. 2012;192(3):428–434. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.09.015.

10. Anderson KL, O’Neill DG, Brodbelt DC, et al. Risk factors for canine osteoarthritis and its predisposing arthropathies: a systematic review. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020;7:220. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00220.

11. Sellon DC, Marcellin-Little DJ. Risk factors for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs participating in canine agility. BMC Veterinary Research. 2022;18:39. doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03146-y.

12. Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron JJ, Holden SL, et al. Obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in dogs: a comparison with human metabolic syndrome. BMC Veterinary Research. 2012;8:147. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-8-147.

13. Mitze S, Barrs VR, Beatty JA, et al. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: much more than a surgical problem. Veterinary Quarterly. 2022;42(1):213–223. doi:10.1080/01652176.2022.2145621.

14. American College of Veterinary Surgeons. Brachycephalic Syndrome.

15. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome.

16. World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Global Nutrition Guidelines and Body Condition Score tools.

17. Freeman L, Becvarova I, Cave N, et al. WSAVA Nutritional Assessment Guidelines. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2011;52(7):385–396.

18. Marshall WG, Hazewinkel HAW, Mullen D, et al. The effect of weight loss on lameness in obese dogs with osteoarthritis. Veterinary Research Communications. 2010;34:241–253. doi:10.1007/s11259-010-9348-7.

Educational note: This article provides general veterinary information and is not a diagnosis or individualized feeding prescription. Weight-loss plans should be developed with the pet’s veterinarian, particularly when breathing difficulty, pain, chronic disease or severe obesity is present.

Ashlee Barr, DVM, CVA
Root & Remedy Veterinary Consulting, LLC
rootremedy.vet

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been asking—and answering—those questions for more than 2,000 years.

One of its most beautiful frameworks is the Five Element Theory.

Rather than treating disease only after it appears, the Five Elements help us understand our constitutional blueprint, the tendencies we are born with, the strengths we naturally possess, and the imbalances we’re most likely to develop throughout life.

The same principles don’t just apply to humans, they apply to our animals, too.

Over the years, I’ve found that helping owners understand their dog’s constitution often explains behaviors and health patterns that suddenly make perfect sense.

What are the Five Elements?

The Five Elements are:

• 🌳 Wood

• 🔥 Fire

• 🌍 Earth

• ⚙️ Metal

• 💧 Water

Each element has connections with:

• personality

• emotions

• organ systems

• climate

• seasons

• foods

• behavior

• disease tendencies

Think of them less as labels and more as operating systems.

Everyone contains all five elements.

But most people, and most animals, have one or two that clearly dominate.

Why This Matters

Modern medicine is excellent at diagnosing disease while Traditional Chinese Medicine asks a different question:

Why was this individual susceptible to developing that disease in the first place?

Your constitution influences:

• how you respond to stress

• your emotional tendencies

• what illnesses you’re predisposed toward

• how you age

• what nourishes you best

• what depletes you

Understanding your element doesn’t predict your future, it simply helps you recognize patterns before they become problems.

Meet the Five Elements

🌳 Wood

Personality

The visionaries, leaders, problem-solvers, always moving toward the next goal.

Common emotions

• frustration

• impatience

• anger

Physical tendencies

• tendon injuries

• headaches

• allergies

• eye problems

• muscle tightness

• gallbladder and liver imbalance

Pets

These are often:

• Rottweilers

• working dogs

• highly driven athletes

They become unhappy when under-stimulated.

Natural support

• movement

• stretching

• time outdoors

• leafy greens

• avoiding chronic stress

🔥 Fire

Include:

Personality:

• joyful

• charismatic

• loves connection

• playful

Predispositions:

• anxiety

• insomnia

• arrhythmias

• inflammatory conditions

Pets:

• Australian Shepherd

• Cavaliers

• social butterflies

Support:

• adequate sleep

• meditation

• meaningful relationships

• cooling foods during heat

🌍 Earth

Personality:

• caregivers

• dependable

• nurturing

Predispositions:

• digestive disease

• weight gain

• insulin resistance

• worry

Pets:

• Labradors, Goldens

• food lovers

Support:

• regular meals

• cooked foods

• grounding routines

• walking after meals

⚙️ Metal

Personality:

• organized

• perfectionists

• analytical

• disciplined

Predispositions:

• skin disease

• allergies

• asthma

• grief

• chronic constipation

Pets:

• many cats, Collies, other sighthounds

• sensitive dogs

• individuals that dislike change

Support:

• breathwork

• routine

• nature

• healthy boundaries

💧 Water

Personality:

• wise

• introspective

• resilient

Predispositions:

• arthritis

• adrenal fatigue

• urinary disease

• hearing loss

• fear/anxiety

Pets:

• older working breeds

• stoic individuals

Support:

• restorative sleep

• mineral-rich foods

• warmth

• strength training

• pacing energy

Can Your Element Change?

Your constitutional element stays relatively stable throughout life, what changes is how balanced that element is.

A Wood person under chronic stress may become irritable.

An Earth individual may develop digestive problems during prolonged worry.

A Fire constitution may eventually burn out.

The goal isn’t to become another element, but to live in a way that supports the one you already have.

What About Pets?

This is one of my favorite parts of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine.

Animals have constitutions, too.

Sometimes owners laugh when I describe their dog’s personality before they’ve said much at all.

A Labrador who lives to eat, nurture everyone, and nap? Earth.

The Border Collie who invents jobs and herds the children? Wood.

The Golden Retriever who greets every stranger as a best friend? Fire.

Recognizing these patterns often changes how we think about training, nutrition, enrichment, and even medical care.

How Do I Find My Element?

I recommend treating online quizzes as a starting point—not a diagnosis.

Your true constitution is based on much more than personality. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, practitioners also evaluate your health history, physical characteristics, emotional patterns, tongue, pulse, preferences, and how you’ve responded to stress throughout your life.

Some quizzes I enjoy include:

• https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/east-west-medicine/education/east-west-pediatric-education-resources/traditional-chinese-medicine-tools/five-elements-personality-quiz?utm_source=chatgpt.com

• https://dantianhealth.com.au/five-element-personality/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Living With Your Nature

One of my favorite ideas in Chinese medicine is this:

We don’t become healthy by fighting our nature.

We become healthier by understanding it.

Maybe your body isn’t failing you, maybe it’s simply asking to be cared for in the language it has spoken all along.

The Five Elements remind us that health isn’t about becoming someone else, it’s about becoming the healthiest version of who you already are.

When Fire Meets Metal: A Real-Life Example

One of my favorite examples comes from two dogs I’ll call Zeke and Zuzu.

Zeke is a classic Metal dog. He’s calm. Thoughtful. Predictable. He likes routine and prefers a peaceful environment. If he were a landscape, he’d be a quiet river flowing steadily through the mountains.

Zuzu, on the other hand, is pure Fire. She wakes up ready for adventure. She bounces through the house, wants everyone to play, and believes every moment is the best moment ever.

At first glance, their personalities couldn’t be more different.

Throughout the day, Zuzu constantly invites Zeke to engage. She pokes him with her nose, play bows, races around him, steals toys, and generally brings a whirlwind of energy wherever she goes. Pounces on him as soon as he steps through the threshold.

Most of the time, Zeke simply tolerates it, until he doesn’t. Eventually, after enough stimulation, he begins mounting or even sits directly on her head. Many people would immediately label this as dominance, but it’s truly a conversation.

It’s Zeke saying,

“I need some peace.”

“You’re overwhelming me.”

“Please settle down.”

His calm Metal nature has reached its limit with Zuzu’s endless Fire energy. Neither dog is wrong, they’re simply speaking different energetic languages.

Once you begin recognizing constitutions, interactions like this become much easier to understand. Instead of asking, “Why is my dog behaving badly?” you begin asking, “What is my dog trying to communicate?”

A Real-Life Example: Understanding Our Family Through the Five Elements

One of the greatest gifts the Five Elements has given our family isn’t a diagnosis or a treatment, it’s understanding. If you walked into our house, you would quickly notice that not everyone recharges the same way.

My son, Everett, and I are both predominantly Metal. We thrive in calm environments. We need quiet. We appreciate routine and predictability. We both require plenty of sleep, and after busy days, we naturally seek restoration. Sometimes that means curling up with a book, taking a walk outside, or simply having a little space to ourselves. Solitude doesn’t drain us, it fills our cup.

My husband, Philip, and our daughter, Iris, couldn’t be more different. They are both wonderfully Fire.

Their energy seems endless. They stay up later than the rest of us, happily building, creating, taking things apart just to put them back together again. They love activity, excitement, and being around people. While Everett and I are winding down, they’re often just getting started. They also love sleeping in after burning the candle at both ends.

Years ago, these differences could have easily been interpreted as personality clashes. Instead, the Five Elements taught us that they are simply different constitutions with different needs. Now we intentionally create a home that supports everyone.

We protect quiet mornings whenever possible because Everett and I function best when the day begins peacefully. We recognize that Philip and Iris often need opportunities to move, create, laugh, and burn off their Fire energy before they’re ready to settle. We don’t expect everyone to recharge in the same way, because we’ve learned that they simply don’t.

Understanding our constitutions has also helped us extend more grace to one another.

Instead of thinking, “Why can’t they just slow down?” or “Why do they always need so much quiet?” we recognize that each of us is wired differently.

Fire brings warmth, creativity, joy, and spontaneity into our home. Metal brings stability, reflection, organization, and calm. Together, those differences create balance.

For me, that’s one of the most beautiful lessons of the Five Elements. They remind us that health isn’t about making everyone the same. It’s about recognizing our unique constitutions and creating an environment where each person—and each pet—has the opportunity to thrive.

Circa 2022

More information here:

https://www.healthline.com/health/mind-body/what-are-the-five-elements?utm_source=chatgpt.com#what-it-is

Sources

1. Beinfield H, Korngold E. Between Heaven and Earth: A Guide to Chinese Medicine. Ballantine Books, 1991.

2. Kaptchuk TJ. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education.

3. Xie H, Preast V. Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine: Fundamental Principles. Chi Institute Press.

4. Maciocia G. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine. Elsevier.

5. UCLA Health – East-West Medicine
   Five Elements Personality Quiz and Educational Resources
   https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/east-west-medicine

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TCVM views seizures not simply as a disease, but as a manifestation of underlying imbalances within the body. By addressing these root causes through nutrition, acupuncture, herbal medicine, and targeted supplementation, we can often provide a more comprehensive approach to seizure management.

Nutritional Therapy: Food as Medicine

In TCVM, nutrition is one of the most powerful therapeutic tools available. Many dogs with seizures benefit from diets that minimize inflammation and provide consistent energy to the brain.

Individualized dietary recommendations depend on the dog’s TCVM pattern diagnosis, but common goals include:

• Supporting healthy brain metabolism
• Reducing inflammatory triggers
• Stabilizing blood sugar fluctuations
• Improving gastrointestinal health, which may influence neurologic function through the gut-brain axis

Fresh, minimally processed diets are often preferred when appropriate. Some dogs may thrive on carefully formulated home-prepared diets, while others do well on therapeutic commercial diets designed specifically for neurologic health.

The Role of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)

One of the most exciting nutritional developments in canine epilepsy research involves medium chain triglycerides (MCTs).

Unlike most dietary fats, MCTs can be rapidly converted into ketones, which serve as an alternative fuel source for the brain. Research suggests that ketones may help stabilize neuronal activity and reduce seizure frequency in some dogs.

Several studies have demonstrated that dogs with epilepsy consuming MCT-enriched diets experienced fewer seizures and improved cognitive function compared to control groups.

*Not all MCT products are created equal! If you are looking for guidance, book a consult here: rootremedy.vet

Acupuncture and Neurologic Balance

Acupuncture has been used for thousands of years to address neurologic disorders, including seizure activity.

From a TCVM perspective, seizures often arise from patterns such as:

• Internal Wind
• Liver Yang Rising
• Phlegm Obstructing the Mind
• Yin Deficiency with Heat

Acupuncture aims to restore balance within these systems and calm excessive neurologic activity.

Many dogs tolerate acupuncture remarkably well and often become relaxed during treatment sessions. While acupuncture is not a replacement for anticonvulsant medications when those medications are needed, it may serve as a valuable complementary therapy to help support long-term neurologic stability.

Chinese Herbal Therapy

Chinese herbal medicine allows TCVM practitioners to create individualized treatment plans based on a dog’s specific pattern diagnosis.

One commonly used formula for seizure disorders is Ding Xian Wan, traditionally translated as “Arrest Seizure Pill.” This formula contains herbs selected to:

• Calm Internal Wind
• Resolve Phlegm accumulation
• Support normal neurologic function
• Promote overall balance within the body

Other herbal formulas may be selected depending on the dog’s constitution, concurrent health conditions, and TCVM diagnosis.

Because herbal therapy is highly individualized, these formulas should always be prescribed and monitored by a veterinarian trained in veterinary herbal medicine.

What About CBD?

Cannabidiol (CBD) has generated significant interest among pet owners seeking additional options for seizure management.

Research in both human and veterinary medicine suggests CBD may possess anticonvulsant properties. Early studies in dogs have shown promising results, with some patients experiencing reductions in seizure frequency when CBD is used alongside conventional medications.

However, CBD is not a one-size-fits-all solution.

Important considerations include:

• Product quality and consistency vary widely.
• Drug interactions may occur with anti-seizure medications.
• Liver enzyme monitoring may be necessary.
• Optimal dosing remains an area of ongoing research.

For these reasons, CBD should be used under veterinary guidance rather than as a substitute for prescribed seizure medications.

A Whole-Body Approach

TCVM does not seek to replace conventional medicine. Instead, it provides additional tools that may help address the underlying imbalances contributing to seizure disorders.

By combining appropriate diagnostics, anticonvulsant medications when needed, individualized nutrition, MCT supplementation, acupuncture, herbal medicine, and carefully selected supplements such as CBD, many dogs can achieve improved seizure control and a better quality of life.

Every dog with seizures has a unique story. The goal of integrative medicine is not simply to suppress symptoms, but to support the entire patient and help them thrive.

At Root & Remedy Veterinary Consulting, we believe the best outcomes often come from combining the strengths of both conventional and traditional medicine to create a plan tailored to the individual dog.

Image: Veterinary Dental Specialist

Read more

Let's talk about the science…

Ok, Ucari- I’m really glad you asked about this—these tests are everywhere right now, and it can be hard to sort through what’s actually meaningful.

Tests like the UCARI pet sensitivity test are typically done using a small hair sample, which gets analyzed and then returned as a list of “reactivities” to foods and environmental items. They’re often described as looking at “intolerances” rather than true allergies, and many use something called bioresonance technology.

The important piece to understand is that this type of testing isn’t measuring anything we recognize in conventional veterinary medicine—like immune responses, inflammation, or digestive function. Hair itself is not a tissue that reflects how the immune system is reacting, and the concept of bioresonance hasn’t been validated in scientific studies as a reliable way to identify sensitivities.

So while the results can look very detailed and specific, they’re not considered diagnostic or evidence-based in the way we would rely on clinically.

But, you know I am open and if it can help guide us that's great!

That said, sometimes people do feel like they see improvement after using these tests and that’s usually because it leads them to simplify the diet or remove common triggers, which is actually something we do intentionally with a structured elimination diet (and that remains the gold standard for figuring out food-related issues).

If you’re trying to get to the root of skin, GI, or chronic issues, the most reliable approach is still a well-designed elimination diet. If you are interested in this, I can help.

I’d just look at it as a general guide at best, not something to take as definitive and I’d be happy to help you interpret anything that comes back so you’re not making unnecessary or overly restrictive changes.

In my opinion, I would save the money to take a trip to the grocery store to buy fresh whole foods for your pet.

Queen Lexi says “ hello”

Want help? Head to the website and fill out a consultation request form.

Rootremedy.vet

There is something deeply meaningful about welcoming a new animal into your home.
It’s exciting, emotional, and often a little impulsive.

But before you fall in love with a face or a story, it’s worth pausing to look at the full picture of what this commitment really means.

“The goal is not just to love a pet.
It’s to build a life where you can live well together.”

1. Start with the reality: the cost of care

The cost of everything has risen. Veterinary care is no exception.

Diagnostics, medications, emergency visits, dental care, and even routine wellness have all increased significantly over the past several years. This reflects advances in medicine, staffing needs, and the level of care we now expect for our pets.

Before bringing a pet home, ask yourself:

• Do I have funds set aside for unexpected illness or injury?

• Could I manage a several-thousand-dollar emergency if it happened tomorrow?

• Am I prepared for ongoing costs like food, preventatives, and routine care?

If the answer is uncertain, planning matters.

Pet insurance can be a helpful tool for many families, especially for large, unexpected events. (I shared a more thoughtful breakdown in a previous post if you want to explore that further.)

What matters most is not how you prepare—but that you do.

2. Choose a life match, not just a pet

The question is not “What pet do I want?”

It’s:
What pet fits the life I actually live?

Energy level, breed tendencies, and daily needs matter far more than appearance.

• A high-energy dog in a low-activity home will struggle

• A working breed without a job will create one

• A low-key companion in a high-energy household may become overwhelmed

Alignment is everything.

“Loving a breed is not the same as living well with one.”

3. Size matters more than you think

This is one of the most overlooked factors.

I learned this firsthand while fostering two very different dogs: an 80 lb malamute puppy, Ringo, and a 15 lb adult Jack Russell, Hampton.

• Photo 1: Ringo (large, fluffy, puppy energy)

• Photo 2: Hampton (small, settled, adult energy)

Ringo was beautiful, affectionate, and full of life, but he was also a large breed puppy with significant exercise needs, strength, and a tendency to move through space rather than around it.

At the time, I had toddlers, limited spare time, and a smaller home.

We simply could not support him in the way he deserved.

Hampton, on the other hand, fit seamlessly. His size, maturity, and energy level aligned with our environment and our capacity.

That experience changed how I think about placement entirely.

Take an honest look at:

• The size of your home

• The strength and physicality of the dog

• The presence of young children or older adults

• Your available time for exercise and training

And consider this:

If you’ve always been a “big dog person,” try fostering a small dog.
If you’ve only had small dogs, try fostering a larger one.

Fostering gives you clarity you simply can’t get any other way.

4. Define your non-negotiables

Before you start looking, make a list of your must-haves.

Be honest, not aspirational.

• Are you willing to pay for regular grooming?

• Does the pet need to be good with cats?

• What about children—and at what ages?

• Do you need a dog that can be left alone for periods of time?

This list becomes your anchor when emotions start to take over.

5. Consider your environment and daily rhythm

Your home and schedule shape your pet’s entire experience.

• Do you have a fenced yard, or are you committed to leashing every time?

• Do you want a puppy, or would a semi-potty trained adult be a better fit?

• What level of exercise can you realistically provide?

• Will they need professional training and can you support that?

• Is your work schedule conducive to consistency and potty training?

There are no right answers. Only honest ones.

“Your lifestyle is your pet’s entire world.”

6. Think about the whole family—pets included

A new pet doesn’t just join your home. It changes it.

If you already have animals, especially older pets or those with mobility or medical needs, this matters even more.

An 80 lb adolescent puppy may not be the right addition for a senior dog who needs calm, stability, and space.

Sometimes the kindest choice is to wait.
Sometimes it’s choosing a companion that truly enhances your current pet’s life.

But that requires intention, not hope.

7. If you already have a breed in mind

Would you love a Golden Retriever?

Me too.

They’re wonderful dogs- social, intuitive, family-oriented, and deeply connected to their people.

If you feel drawn to a specific breed, that’s worth paying attention to.

But before going straight to a breeder, consider another path: breed-specific rescue.

There are entire networks dedicated to placing dogs of a particular breed into homes where they truly fit.

Many of these dogs are:

• Out of the puppy phase

• Already partially trained

• Living in foster homes where their personalities are known

Which means you’re not guessing. You’re choosing with more clarity.

A few places to start:

• Petfinder

• Adopt-a-Pet

• Golden Retriever Rescue Resource

You can also search for “[breed] rescue near me” to find local options.

And if you’re unsure, fostering allows you to experience that breed in your home, with your routine, before committing long-term.

A quick check before you commit

Pause here for a moment:

• How many minutes per day can I realistically dedicate to exercise?

• How do I feel about shedding, barking, or muddy paws?

• Am I choosing based on appearance or lifestyle fit?

• Do I want a puppy or a known personality?

• If something unexpected happens medically, am I prepared?

If there’s hesitation, that’s not a problem.
It’s clarity.

“When you choose thoughtfully, everything that follows becomes easier.”

A final thought

Loving a pet is the easy part.

Living well together: that’s where the intention matters.

When you take the time to choose thoughtfully, you create space for a relationship that feels steady, supported, and deeply connected.

And that’s what makes it last.

Root & Remedy

If you’re unsure what type of pet would best fit your home, lifestyle, or existing pets, this is something we explore thoughtfully through consultation.

Root & Remedy Veterinary Consulting exists to support these decisions—so they feel grounded, clear, and sustainable for both your family and the animal.

You can reach our team at:
consults@rootremedy.vet

Before we talk about collars. Before we talk about harnesses. Before we even talk about leashes… we need to talk about something far more important.

How are you communicating with your dog?

The equipment you choose is a small detail in a much larger relationship.

Start Here: The Foundation Most People Skip

Early training is not about control.
It’s about shared language.

It’s about asking:

• How am I communicating with my dog?

• Does my dog actually understand what I’m asking?

• Does my dog feel confident, safe, and motivated to respond?

If those pieces are missing, no tool, no matter how “humane” or “correct” will fix the disconnect.

If they are in place?

The leash becomes a guide.
Not a restraint.
Not a lifeline.
Not a last-ditch effort to manage chaos.

A Critical Misunderstanding: Repetition Is Not Communication

This is one of the most common breakdowns I see.

Dogs do not understand verbal repetition the way humans do.

If I ask you to sit and you don’t, I might say:

“Sit.”
“Please sit.”
“Sit down.”
“Take a seat.”

Humans understand repetition as emphasis.

Dogs do not.

To a dog, repeated cues often become noise—or worse, they dilute the meaning of the cue entirely.

So what happens?

“SIT. SIT. SIT. SIT. SIT.”

At that point, we are no longer communicating.
We are flooding.

And I will say this honestly—

If I hear one more puppy owner shouting “sit” ten times in a row, I might just lose a little steam myself.

Not out of judgment.
But because I know what’s happening in that moment:

The dog is not being stubborn.
The dog is confused.

What Dogs Actually Need

Dogs learn through:

• Clear, consistent cues

• Timing

• Reinforcement

• Predictability

Not repetition.

Say it once.
Teach it well.
Reinforce it clearly.

The dog is not being stubborn. The dog is confused.

Training Is Not Optional—It’s Foundational

Professional training matters.

Not because you can’t train your dog, but because most of us were never taught how to communicate in a way dogs naturally understand.

Dogs are not small humans.

They are perceptive, pattern-driven, social learners who thrive on clarity.

Recommended reads:

• The Other End of the Leash — Patricia McConnell

• Don’t Shoot the Dog — Karen Pryor

• Decoding Your Dog — American College of Veterinary Behaviorists

When communication is clear, the need for physical correction disappears.

Let’s Talk About Leashes

I will say this plainly:

Retractable leashes are not safe.

They create the illusion of freedom while removing connection and control.

Scenario 1: The Dropped Handle

The handle slips.

It hits the ground.

The dog startles—and runs.

Now the handle is chasing the dog.
Clattering. Striking. Escalating panic.

This is how injuries happen.

Scenario 2: The Distracted Owner

A small dog is on a retractable leash in a waiting room.

The owner is scrolling her phone.

There is no real connection—no awareness, no shortening of the leash, no attention to the environment.

The dog is several feet away.
Drifting.
Unanchored.

The clinic door opens.

A large dog enters—overstimulated, reactive, already on edge.

And in a matter of seconds, everything changes.

There is no time to react.
No ability to reel the dog in.
No firm verbal cue that the dog understands.
No physical connection to guide them to safety.

The small dog is now exposed.

And then

An attack.

Fast.
Violent.
Terrifying.

By the time the owner looks up, it is already happening.

The dog is severely injured.

Distance without connection is not freedom—it is risk.

Scenario 3: The Greenway

A dog crosses a path on a long retractable line.

A cyclist approaches.

They don’t see the leash.

Impact.

The cyclist flips over the handlebars.
The dog suffers a neck injury.
The owner is legally at fault.

So… Collar or Harness?

Now we can finally ask the question.

And the honest answer is:

It depends.

Consider the Individual Dog

• Breed tendencies

• Size and strength

• Environment

• Medical history (especially neck concerns)

• Training level

There is no universal answer.

Harnesses: What the Research Actually Tells Us

(And How to Choose Safely)

Harnesses are often recommended as the “safer” option.

And in many cases, they are.

They reduce pressure on the trachea.
They can be helpful for small breeds, brachycephalic dogs, or dogs with cervical disease.

But the conversation doesn’t stop there.

Because when we actually look at the research, it becomes more nuanced.

What Studies Show About Harnesses and Movement

Research evaluating harness effects on canine gait has found:

• All harnesses tested reduced shoulder extension compared to no harness (Lafuente et al., 2018)

• So-called “non-restrictive” Y-shaped harnesses also reduced shoulder extension

• Harnesses can alter spinal movement and stride length (Peham et al., 2013)

• Biomechanical changes may influence long-term movement patterns, particularly in active dogs (Weissenbacher et al., 2022)

  

What This Means (In Plain Language)

Harnesses are not neutral.

They change how a dog moves.

Sometimes subtly.
Sometimes significantly.

And over time, small changes in movement can matter.

A harness should not just prevent pulling. It should allow your dog to move like a dog.

So What Makes a “Good” Harness?

1. Avoid Shoulder Restriction

• Straps should not cross over the shoulder joint

• Avoid designs that limit forward extension

2. Prioritize Freedom of Movement

• Harness should sit behind the shoulder

• Dog should move fluidly: walk, trot, turn naturally

3. Fit Matters More Than Style

• Snug, not tight

• Two-finger rule under straps

• No rubbing or gait alteration

4. Understand the Purpose

Ask:

• Is this for safety? Car rides, lifting, mobility support?

• Training?

• Or pulling work?

Because some harnesses are designed to encourage pulling.

5. Watch the Dog, Not the Marketing

Your dog will tell you if it’s working.

Look for:

• Smooth gait

• No hesitation

• No compensation

Your dog’s movement is more honest than any product description.

Collar Considerations

Collars provide more direct communication, but are not without risk:

• Increased pressure on the neck and trachea

• Not appropriate for certain medical conditions

• Potential for injury with sudden lunging

** This article will not discuss prong collars/martingale/gentle lead/slip leads etc but if there is enough interest, we can make it happen!

Fact or Fiction

Fiction: Harnesses are always safer
Fact: They reduce neck strain but may alter gait and increase pulling

Fiction: Collars are harmful
Fact: When used correctly, they can be effective tools

Fiction: Equipment fixes behavior
Fact: Training and relationship determine behavior

The tool is not the solution. The relationship is.

What It Really Comes Down To

The leash is a thin physical line between you and your dog.

But the real connection?

That’s built through:

• Communication

• Consistency

• Trust

• Reinforcement

• Understanding

When that foundation is strong, you won’t need force or constant correction.

You will move together.

A Gentle Closing Thought

If you are feeling unsure, about training, behavior, or even which tools are appropriate-

That’s not failure.

That’s awareness.

And awareness is where better decisions begin.

At Root & Remedy, this is the work we do.

We step back from the surface-level questions
collar or harness, this tool or that method—

and look at the whole picture:

• Behavior

• Environment

• Physiology

• Communication

• Relationship

Because your dog is not a checklist.

They are an individual.

And when we understand the individual, the answers become much clearer.

If you’re looking for guidance

Whether you’re navigating behavior challenges, refining training, or simply wanting a more connected relationship with your dog, you can explore consultations and resources here: Root and Remedy Veterinary Consulting

Resources & Further Reading

Understanding Canine Behavior & Communication

These are foundational texts for anyone wanting to better understand how dogs think, learn, and communicate:

• McConnell, P. (2002). The Other End of the Leash
  A must-read on how human behavior influences dogs and how to communicate more clearly across species.

• Pryor, K. (1999). Don’t Shoot the Dog
  A classic on learning theory and positive reinforcement—applies far beyond dog training.

• American College of Veterinary Behaviorists. Decoding Your Dog
  Evidence-based insights into behavior, fear, anxiety, and training.

• Yin, S. (2009). Low Stress Handling, Restraint, and Behavior Modification of Dogs & Cats
  Especially valuable for understanding handling and minimizing stress in real-world settings.

Training & Learning Theory

• Hiby, E., Rooney, N., & Bradshaw, J. (2004)
  Dog training methods: their use, effectiveness and interaction with behaviour and welfare
  → Found that reward-based training is associated with improved welfare and reliability

• Blackwell, E. et al. (2008)
  The relationship between training methods and problem behaviors in dogs
  → A strong argument for clear, consistent, non-aversive communication

Harness vs. Collar: Biomechanics & Safety

• Lafuente, M. P., Provis, L., & Schmalz, E. A. (2018)
  Effects of restrictive and non-restrictive harnesses on shoulder extension in dogs at walk and trot
  → Demonstrated reduced shoulder extension in all harness types tested

• Peham, C. et al. (2013)
  Kinematic analysis of the influence of three different guide dog harnesses on movement
  → Showed measurable changes in gait and spinal motion

• Weissenbacher, A. et al. (2022)
  The effect of different harness types on canine locomotion
  → Continued evidence that harness design influences biomechanics

Safety Considerations: Leashes & Public Risk

• American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) — general safety guidance on restraint and public interaction

• CDC Injury Reports (general injury data) — includes cases of falls and injuries related to leashes and pets

Images:

Unsplash

Why Pet Insurance Is Becoming Essential

One quiet evening your dog stops eating.

Your cat starts coughing.

Your pet limps after chasing a ball.

Within hours you are sitting in an emergency hospital waiting room hearing numbers like $2,000… $4,000… sometimes $8,000 or more.

Modern veterinary medicine is extraordinary. We can perform orthopedic surgery, chemotherapy, advanced imaging, dental reconstruction, and long-term chronic disease management.

Our pets are living longer than ever.

But the reality is simple. Advanced care comes with advanced cost.

Pet insurance exists to bridge that gap so decisions about your animal’s health are not dictated by a single stressful financial moment.

“Pet insurance does not eliminate the cost of veterinary care. It removes the financial barrier to providing the care your pet actually needs.”

Why Veterinary Care Costs Have Increased

Veterinary hospitals today operate much like human medical facilities.

Behind every appointment are:

• highly trained veterinary professionals
• surgical teams
• diagnostic imaging equipment
• laboratory testing
• specialized medications
• emergency staffing around the clock

Just like in human healthcare, these services carry real operational costs.

When emergencies or chronic diseases occur, treatment can quickly escalate beyond what many families planned for.

Pet insurance helps convert those unpredictable costs into a predictable monthly expense.

How Pet Insurance Actually Works

Pet insurance is customizable. Policies differ based on how much coverage you choose.

Most companies offer three general types of plans. Be sure to pay attention to the additional riders if you are interested in care like rehabilitation, alternative therapy, cancer care.

1. Accident-Only Coverage

Lowest monthly premium

Best for

• Owners wanting protection against major unexpected emergencies while keeping monthly costs low.

Accident-only plans are typically the least expensive because they only cover injuries caused by accidents.

2. Accident + Illness Coverage (Most Popular)

Moderate monthly premium

This is the most common type of pet insurance policy.

These plans typically cover both unexpected injuries and illnesses such as infections, cancer, and chronic disease.

Best for

• Owners who want broad protection for most medical issues their pet may face.

3. Preventative / Wellness Coverage

Usually an add-on to the above plans

These plans cover routine preventative care, not illness or injury.

What it may include

• Annual exams

• Vaccinations

• Routine bloodwork

• Parasite testing

• Flea, tick, and heartworm prevention

• Dental cleanings (some plans)

Wellness coverage typically reimburses routine services like exams and vaccines and is often sold as an optional add-on to other plans.

Best for

• Owners who want help budgeting for routine yearly care.

• Can be added on to accident/illness coverage

A quick note:
Insurance structures vary between companies, and policies often contain specific exclusions, waiting periods, and reimbursement rules. The information above is meant as a general guide. Be sure to read the fine print and ask questions before selecting a policy so you understand exactly what coverage your pet will have.

How Coverage Is Customized

Most companies allow you to adjust three major factors:

Deductible
The amount you pay before insurance begins reimbursing expenses.

Reimbursement rate
Usually 70–90% of eligible veterinary costs.

Annual coverage limit
The maximum amount the insurance company will reimburse each year.

Adjusting these three variables allows pet owners to increase or decrease their monthly premium.

Important: Pre-Existing Conditions

Almost every insurance company excludes pre-existing conditions.

That means if your pet is diagnosed with a disease before enrolling, it will likely not be covered later.

The best time to enroll is when your pet is young and healthy.

Think of it as budgeting for your pet the same way you would for food, grooming, or preventative care.

The goal of insurance is not to save money every month.
The goal is to protect you from the one month that could financially overwhelm you.

A Real Example: My Cat, Decaf

Decaf is my ten-year-old rescue cat. He is a LOVE.

I adopted him years ago during a Petco adoption event. For most of his life he was incredibly healthy.

When he was about 6, he quickly developed a persistent cough.

This happened shortly after my second baby was born. Anyone who lives with cats knows major life transitions can be stressful for them.

His coughing worsened and I brought him to the emergency hospital. Radiographs, oxygen, labwork and $1800 later, he was diagnosed with feline asthma. This cost was JUST the diagnostics. This did not include his therapy.

Knowing that he had insurance, I was willing and able to proceed with necessary life saving therapy. I was also not working and without income at the time. Having the cushion of his insurance removed the financial strain of making important decisions for his care.

Long term management of feline asthma often requires inhaled medication delivered through a specialized mask device. (Aerokat and Fluticasone inhaler)

Without insurance:

• his inhaler alone would cost close to $400 per month

But his care plan goes beyond medication.

Today Decaf receives:

• inhaled medication
• herbal therapy
• vitamin B12 injections
• acupuncture

His full care plan costs about $600 per month.

Because he is insured, I pay roughly $48 per month — the cost of his premium.

Insurance allows me to treat his condition fully without having to compromise his care. Here is the little man himself:

Decaf

Lexi: A Lifetime of Care

My 13-year-old dog Lexi tells an even bigger story. She is a mutt, the best. 55 lbs of love.

Over the years she has torn both of her cranial cruciate ligaments.

These injuries require orthopedic surgery that can easily cost several thousand dollars.

Insurance helped cover:

• both cruciate surgeries
• hospitalization and recovery
• rehabilitation care

As Lexi aged she also developed osteoarthritis, which we now manage through integrative care.

Her long-term treatment plan includes:

• acupuncture
• herbal therapy and joint supplements
• anti-inflammatory medication
• Adequan injections
• vitamin B12 support

Insurance continues to help cover these treatments so she can remain active and comfortable.

It also covered the removal of a fractured tooth.

The fracture occurred while chewing a yak cheese chew.

A quick warning to dog owners: these chews are extremely hard and frequently fracture teeth. I used to recommend them, but I no longer do.

Dental fractures almost always require surgical removal under anesthesia.

Insurance covered Lexi’s procedure.

For Lexi and Decaf, insurance did not just save money.
It expanded the options available to them.

Popular Pet Insurance Companies

Several reputable companies currently offer pet insurance.

Here are some widely used options:

Trupanion
https://trupanion.com

Healthy Paws
https://healthypawspetinsurance.com

Nationwide Pet Insurance
https://petinsurance.com

Embrace Pet Insurance
https://embracepetinsurance.com

ASPCA Pet Insurance
https://aspcapetinsurance.com

Fetch Pet Insurance
https://fetchpet.com

Each company differs in:

• reimbursement percentage
• deductibles
• coverage of integrative therapies
• monthly premium cost

A helpful comparison tool:

Pet Insurance Review: https://petinsurancereview.com

This site allows side-by-side comparisons of policy structures and real customer experiences.

Do you have a pet health insurance company you love, or have an experience to share? Leave a comment by clicking below:

Leave a comment

Fact: Wellness Plans Are Not Insurance

Many veterinary hospitals offer wellness plans, which are often confused with insurance.

They are very different.

Wellness plans are essentially monthly payment plans for routine care.

They typically include:

• exams
• vaccines
• bloodwork
• parasite prevention

They do not cover emergencies, surgery, or illness.

Insurance is specifically designed to help with unexpected medical events and chronic disease management.

Both can be useful, but they serve different purposes. Be sure to ask for clarity when purchasing these plans.

If You Are Not Sure Where To Start

Choosing insurance can feel overwhelming.

Plans vary in small but important ways depending on:

• breed
• age
• health history
• your financial comfort level

If you would like guidance, Root & Remedy Veterinary Consulting offers consultations to help pet owners build proactive health plans. Ask your Veterinarian to request a consultation with us at consults@rootremedy.vet.

During a consultation we can discuss:

• nutrition and metabolic health
• vaccine schedules and titer testing
• preventative care planning
• skin and coat health
• exercise and environmental enrichment
• integrative therapies that support long-term wellness

The goal is not simply treating disease.

It is creating a foundation for lifelong health.

A few things to note:

How Payment Usually Works- this is important!

Most pet insurance companies operate on a reimbursement model.

This means:

1. You pay the veterinary hospital at the time of service.

2. You submit the invoice to your insurance company.

3. The company reimburses a percentage of the eligible cost.

Most plans reimburse 70–90% of covered expenses after the deductible.

Some companies, like Trupanion, can sometimes pay hospitals directly, but this is not the standard model.

Understanding this ahead of time helps owners plan for emergencies.

Waiting Periods

Most policies include waiting periods before coverage begins.

Common waiting periods include:

• 2–14 days for illness
• 24–48 hours for accidents
• 6–12 months for orthopedic conditions in some plans

This is another reason it is best to enroll pets before problems arise.

Some Breeds Benefit Even More From Insurance

Certain breeds are predisposed to conditions that can become expensive over time.

Examples include:

• Labradors and large breeds — cruciate ligament injuries
• Bulldogs and brachycephalic breeds — airway surgery
• Dachshunds — spinal disc disease
• Golden retrievers — cancer risk
• Persian cats — kidney disease

Insurance can make managing these conditions far more manageable.

Want to know more about potential risks for your pet specifically? Schedule a consultation. consults@rootremedy.vet

Common Pet Insurance Mistakes

• Waiting until a pet is older or already sick to enroll
• Assuming wellness plans are the same as insurance
• Not understanding deductibles and reimbursement percentages
• Choosing coverage based only on the lowest monthly premium

A few minutes of research at the beginning can save significant stress later.

The Bottom Line

Pet insurance does not prevent illness.

It does not prevent accidents.

But it does something incredibly important.

It allows decisions about your pet’s care to be based on what is medically best, rather than what is financially possible in a stressful moment.

For pets like Decaf and Lexi, that difference matters.

Basil and Philip

Fiona, my PR kitty

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“Medicine must remember what it once knew : that healing is not found only in data, but in presence, observation, touch, and the integration of scientific and intuitive wisdom.”

Dr. Ashlee

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A Case I’ll Never Forget

It was a crisp fall Friday night, and I was the only emergency veterinarian on shift at a busy referral hospital in Charlotte, NC. By 5 p.m., the cases were already pouring in. Every exam room was full. There were overnight transfers needing continued care, a grieving family saying goodbye to their beloved dog battling cancer, and a devastating big-dog–little-dog encounter that had left a small pug with a catastrophic eye injury.

Then I saw the Great Dane.

Five people where carrying him from his owner’s car, and the shape of his abdomen told me everything. In that instant, all other cases faded into the background. I immediately directed my entire team to him.

An hour before:

A healthy, happy 3 year old male Great Dane, Titan, had eaten dinner, gone outside, and returned inside slightly restless. His owner noticed pacing. His head was low. Then drooling. Then attempts to vomit, but nothing came up.

Within 20 minutes, his abdomen was tight and distended. He became weak. His owners called their home Veterinarian who told them to drive to the nearest ER, as soon as possible.

By the time he arrived, he was not able to stand. His stomach, full of air and food, had flipped. Blood flow to his organs was compromised. My team moved quickly and we performed life -saving surgery within 20 minutes of his arrival.

He survived, but many dogs do not.

This condition is called gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), commonly known as bloat, and it is one of the most dangerous emergencies in veterinary medicine.

My goal in this article is to help you understand:

• what GDV is

• how and why it happens

• how to reduce your dog’s risk

• how to recognize it immediately

• what to do if it occurs

• what treatment involves and possible complications

Because when GDV happens, time saves lives.

What Is GDV?

GDV occurs in two stages:

1. Gastric Dilatation

The stomach rapidly fills with gas, food, or fluid, causing severe expansion.

2. Volvulus (Twisting)

The stomach rotates on itself, trapping contents inside and cutting off blood supply.

This leads to:

• decreased blood return to the heart

• shock and cardiovascular collapse

• tissue death of the stomach

• toxin release

• possible spleen involvement

Without treatment, death can occur within hours.

It is a circulatory and systemic emergency.

(Merck Veterinary Manual, 2023; ACVS, 2024)

How GDV Happens: Anatomy and Physiology

To understand GDV, we must understand what happens inside the body.

Pressure and Circulatory Collapse

As the stomach enlarges:

• abdominal pressure increases

• major blood vessels are compressed

• blood cannot return to the heart

• oxygen delivery to organs decreases

Loss of Blood Supply

When the stomach twists:

• blood flow to stomach tissue stops

• tissue begins to die

• inflammatory mediators are released

• heart rhythm disturbances may occur

Systemic inflammation and multi-organ complications can follow if untreated.

(Rosselli et al., 2022; Lhuillery et al., 2022)

Detailed pathophysiology for the anatomy/physiology nerds among us:

Pathophysiology of Gastric Dilatation–Volvulus (GDV)

• Acute gastric dilatation occurs from rapid accumulation of gas, fluid, and ingesta within the stomach.

• Gastric volvulus (rotation 180–360°) develops, causing mechanical obstruction of the cardia and pylorus, preventing eructation (burping) and gastric emptying.

• Gastric distension increases intra-abdominal pressure, compressing the caudal vena cava and portal vein, leading to decreased venous return to the heart. (blood flow to the heart)

• Reduced venous return → decreased cardiac output → systemic hypotension and hypovolemic shock.

• Gastric wall ischemia develops from impaired arterial perfusion and venous congestion, resulting in tissue hypoxia and necrosis. (tissue death)

• Splenic congestion or torsion commonly occurs due to shared vascular attachments with the stomach.

  As time passes, secondary pathology sets in:

• Mucosal barrier breakdown allows bacterial translocation and endotoxin release, contributing to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

• Metabolic derangements may include lactic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances, and hypoperfusion injury.

• Reperfusion injury following decompression or surgical correction can generate oxidative stress and further cellular damage.

• Cardiac arrhythmias (especially ventricular) may develop secondary to myocardial ischemia, endotoxemia, and inflammatory mediators.

• Untreated progression leads to circulatory collapse, multi-organ dysfunction, and death.

Why Does GDV Happen?

There is not one single reason this occurs. Most researchers believe it is multifactorial.

Strongest Risk Factor: Body Structure

Dogs with deep, narrow chests are at greatest risk:

• Great Danes

• German Shepherds

• Standard Poodles

• Dobermans

• Weimaraners

However, any dog can develop GDV.

Additional Risk Factors

Research suggests increased risk with:

• increasing age

• family history

• large single daily meals

• rapid eating

• stress or anxious temperament

• exercise around mealtime

• food bowl placement (raised vs on the floor)

Raised food bowls were once recommended to reduce GDV risk.
However, some studies have suggested an association between elevated feeding and increased GDV incidence in large-breed dogs.

Possible explanations include:

· faster eating

· altered swallowing mechanics

· increased air intake

Evidence remains mixed, but many veterinarians no longer routinely recommend elevated bowls unless medically necessary or the patient is very low risk for GDV.

Whole-Health Perspective

From an integrative lens we also consider:

• digestive motility patterns

• stress physiology (how stress affects an individual’s body)

• feeding environment

• constitutional tendencies

In Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), every dog has a unique constitution — a natural tendency in how their body functions, responds to stress, digests food, and maintains balance.

You can think of constitution as your dog’s internal blueprint.
It influences:

· energy level

· temperament

· digestion

· temperature preference

· stress response

· disease tendencies

We will take a deep dive into constitution in a later article, but for now, follow this link to read more!

TCVM 5 elements

Now, tell us what your dog is and leave a photo!

Leave a comment

Can GDV Be Prevented?

Prevention focuses on reducing risk.

Evidence-Based Strategies

Meal management

• Feed 2–3 smaller meals daily

• Avoid one large meal

• Slow rapid eaters

  • Place food in muffin pans

  • Slow feeders

  • Snuff mats

Calm feeding environment

• Reduce stress and around meals

• Avoid competition between pets

Activity timing

• Avoid intense exercise before and after eating

Healthy body condition

• Maintain appropriate weight, see nutrition article A Bowl Built for your dog here.

Preventive Surgery: Gastropexy

In high-risk dogs, veterinarians may recommend a surgery to prevent this from occuring. This procedure is called gastropexy or surgically attaching the stomach to the body wall.

This can be done at the time of spay/neuter or as an elective surgery. Consult with your Veterinarian for more information and to go over risk factors.

(Donnelly et al., 2025)

How to Recognize GDV Immediately

Early recognition is the most important factor in survival.

Warning Signs

• Unproductive retching or attempts to vomit

• Distended or tight abdomen

• Restlessness or pacing

• Excess drooling

• Rapid breathing

• Weakness or collapse

If you see these signs: Assume emergency.

Do not wait. Find the nearest ER.

What To Do If You Suspect GDV

Do not:

• wait for improvement

• give food or water

• attempt home remedies

Every minute matters.

What Treatment May Involve

Stabilization

• IV fluids to treat shock

• stomach decompression- this may be with a tube through the mouth or a large needle through the abdomen

• monitoring for cardiac arrhythmias

• stabilization

• diagnostics in preparation for surgical intervention

• in most cases, surgery will be needed.

Surgery

The patient is placed on their back and an incision is made in the abdomen. The abdominal contents can be evaluated and the stomach returned to normal position. Other vital organs can be evaluated for damage.

A gastropexy is usually performed at this time to prevent recurrence. This entails “tacking” the stomach to the body wall to prevent recurrence of GDV. There are no long term side effects to this prophylactic procedure if it is done properly.

If tissue death has occurred, portions of stomach or spleen may require removal.

Possible Outcomes and Post-Operative Complications

Even with treatment, GDV remains serious.

Potential complications include:

• cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal electrical activity)

• stomach tissue necrosis (death)

• infection or sepsis

• clotting abnormalities

• need for splenectomy (removing the spleen- dogs can live without this organ)

  • The spleen filters blood, removes old red blood cells, and helps fight infection.

  • It also stores and releases blood during stress or injury.

  • Dogs can live without a spleen, because other organs take over its functions

*Early intervention significantly improves survival.

Even in uncomplicated cases, there is a mortality rate of 10%-45% for GDV.

(Lhuillery et al., 2022)

VCA

Myths vs Facts About Bloat

Myth: Only large dogs get GDV

Fact: Large breeds are higher risk, but any dog can develop GDV.

Myth: Raised food bowls prevent bloat

Fact: Some studies show the opposite association in certain dogs. This is a decision that should be based on a conversation with your Vet and made on an individual basis.

Myth: GDV is just gas or indigestion

Fact: It is a life-threatening circulatory emergency.

Myth: If symptoms improve, the danger has passed

Fact: GDV can progress rapidly even after temporary improvement.

Myth: Prevention is guaranteed with diet changes

Fact: Risk can be reduced but not eliminated.

The Takeaway

GDV is:

• sudden

• unpredictable

• rapidly fatal without treatment

• survivable with rapid action

Prepared owners save lives.

Knowing the signs, reducing risk, and acting immediately may one day protect your dog.

One final piece of advice: consider pet insurance, so financial limitations never have to influence urgent medical decisions for your dog.

Not sure where to start? Here is a great place!

Pawlicy

References

• Donnelly BP et al., 2025. Prophylactic Gastropexy and GDV Risk Reduction.

• Lhuillery C et al., 2022. Outcomes in dogs undergoing GDV surgery. Journal of Small Animal Practice.

• Rosselli DD et al., 2022. Updated information on GDV and gastropexy. Veterinary Surgery.

• Merck Veterinary Manual, 2023. Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus.

• American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS), 2024. GDV Overview.

• Glickman LT et al., 2000. Epidemiologic risk factors for GDV.

• VCA

“When diet is wrong, medicine is of no use. When diet is correct, medicine is of no need.”
— Ayurvedic proverb

INTRODUCTION

Follow the Gut, Not the Trend

My philosophy on canine nutrition is simple: there is no single best diet for every dog.

Each animal is biologically and energetically unique. Food choices should reflect that individuality rather than marketing trends or rigid ideologies. Nutrition should be dynamic and responsive to the dog in front of you.

There is one principle I stand firmly on: fresh, whole foods provide a stronger biological foundation than highly processed diets.

Emerging peer-reviewed research suggests that the degree of food processing may influence metabolic health in dogs. A 2020 study published in the Journal of Animal Science, compared dogs fed a mildly cooked diet with dogs fed a traditional extruded kibble diet. Dogs consuming the mildly cooked diet demonstrated higher overall nutrient digestibility and more favorable postprandial (after a meal) metabolic responses compared to dogs fed kibble.

While long-term clinical outcome studies are still limited, this research supports thoughtful consideration of whole, minimally processed food options when building an individualized nutrition plan.

This does not mean every dog must eat a homemade diet, although that would be my wish for every pet under my care. It does mean we must think critically about what we are feeding and why.

In this article, we will explore how we individualize nutrition via:

• Appropriate calculation of your dog’s caloric needs
• Adjusting nutrition based on reproductive status and life stage
• Recognizing over-nourishment and how to prevent obesity and its consequences
• Viewing food as therapy when disease arises
• TCVM food energetics (Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine)

My second rule of feeding dogs: follow the gut, not the trend.

THE CONTENT

The Dog as an Individual

Every nutritional decision should begin with the understanding that needs vary widely from one dog to another. Two dogs of the same breed, age, and size may require completely different feeding strategies based on metabolism, activity level, constitution, and health history. (We will dive into constitution in later articles). So fun to explore!

Before choosing a diet, consider:

· Life stage including puppy, adult, or senior

· Activity level and caloric demand

· Reproductive status- intact, breeding or altered

Did you know? Spaying or neutering can reduce calorie needs by nearly 30%, as endocrine changes significantly alter metabolic demand!

· Presence of food sensitivities

· Metabolic and organ health including kidney, liver, heart, and endocrine function

· Body condition and weight goals

· Temperature preference and constitutional tendencies (TCVM)

· YOUR capabilities and resources, as the ambassador of your pet’s health

Nutrition is not static. As these factors change, so should the diet. Now let’s build!

Calories: The Foundation

In pet nutrition, calories are measured as kilocalories or kcal. When evaluating a diet, look for kcal per cup, kcal per can, or kcal per kilogram. Now let’s empower you with the knowledge of how to adjust your pet’s calorie needs at any life stage or change in their health. We will take a deeper dive into macronutrients in later articles (protein, fat, carbohydrate).

Resting Energy Requirement is the baseline calories that your pet needs in a 24 hour period to maintain basic body functions. RER is calculated as:

RER = 70 × body weight in kilograms raised to the 0.75 power

This provides daily kilocalories needed at complete rest.

From there, we adjust based off of life stages:

Example: For a 10 kg (22 lb) dog, intact adult male

RER = 70 × (10)^0.75
RER ≈ 70 × 5.62
RER ≈ 393 kcal/day

RER x 1.8 (intact adult)- daily calorie need is 707 total calories per day.

Total daily calories must include food, treats, toppers, and supplements. Ideally, at least 80% of these calories should come from a complete and balanced whole food foundation.

While we are talking about calories…

According to the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention, approximately 56% of dogs in the United States are overweight or obese.

Obesity increases the risk of joint disease, orthopedic injury, diabetes, cardiac strain, chronic inflammation, and shortened lifespan.

Food is connection. Food is medicine. But excess food becomes harm. You are in control.

If you want to double check your math, or if math is just not your thing, checkout this handy online tool: Calculate for me!

Food Sensitivities

Food sensitivities may present as skin disease, chronic ear infections, gastrointestinal distress, or even behavioral changes. Yes, behavior! Did you know? Behavior is influenced by neurotransmitters whose precursors depend on diet (e.g., tryptophan, tyrosine, fatty acids).

If you suspect your pet may have a food allergy or sensitivity, consult your veterinarian regarding elimination diets and appropriate diagnostics. Understanding the root cause empowers you to make more precise nutritional decisions moving forward.

Keep an eye out for future guidance in this area!

Nutrition as Therapeutic Strategy

When disease is present, nutrition is an integral part of the therapeutic plan. Kidney, liver and cardiac health rely heavily on nutritional foundations:

Renal support focuses on lower phosphorus intake, moderate high quality protein (approximately 18 to 20 % on a dry matter basis), omega 3 fatty acids, controlled sodium, and adequate caloric density to prevent muscle loss.

Liver support emphasizes highly digestible protein, copper awareness when indicated, antioxidant support, easily metabolized carbohydrates and fats and smaller frequent meals.

Heart support includes sodium awareness, adequate protein to preserve lean mass, omega 3 fatty acids and taurine and L- carnitine when appropriate.

Depending on what metabolic challenge you and your pet may be facing, dietary adjustments can be made that can greatly affect longevity and outcome.

Raw or Cooked

Whether a dog thrives on raw or gently cooked food is not philosophical. It is physiological.

Meaning: This choice should not be one made on abstract thinking alone, but also take into account measurable biologic processes. Does my dog like this diet? How are his/her stools? Coat quality? Vigor?

Some dogs thrive on raw diets. Others benefit from the digestibility of gently cooked meals. More important than raw or cooked is sourcing and a whole-ingredient approach. Again, the right choice depends on the dog, not the trend.

Future information on how to design your own home cooked meals to come!

The TCVM Perspective

From a Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine perspective, food is viewed as far more than a source of calories and nutrients. It is considered a form of energetic medicine that can influence balance within the body.

All foods carry thermal properties described as warming, cooling, or neutral.

A dog who runs warm and seeks cool surfaces may benefit from cooling food.
A dog who is low in vitality, sensitive to cold and seeking warm places may benefit from warming, Qi tonifying foods.

Food also carries functional actions such as resolving stagnation, draining damp, transforming phlegm and tonifying Qi, Yin, Yang, or Blood.

We will explore this in greater depth in a future article. For today, the take-away is that not all food has the same energy and action.

THE BIG IDEA

Nutrition should never be rigid.

It should be responsive, observant, and individualized.

Processing matters. Ingredient quality matters. Caloric precision matters. Energetic balance matters.

Above all, the dog in front of you matters.

When we move away from a one size fits all mindset and begin feeding intentionally, nutrition becomes something much more powerful than simply life sustaining. It can evolve into a daily action of wellness and investment in your beloved pet’s health.

References

Oba, P. M., Utterback, P. L., Parsons, C. M., & Swanson, K. S. (2020). Effects of extruded and mildly cooked diets on digestibility and postprandial metabolic responses in dogs. Journal of Animal Science, 98(3).

Association for Pet Obesity Prevention. U.S. Pet Obesity Statistics.

Freeman LM, et al. Nutritional management of chronic kidney disease in dogs.

National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats.

AAFCO. Dog and Cat Food Nutrient Profiles.

UC Davis Veterinary Medicine. Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs: Nutritional Management.

A Pup Above

The Chi Institute