<script data-pm-proxy="intercept"></script><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Djair no Substack]]></title><description><![CDATA[Escrevo aqui sobre cultura, política, comportamento, atualidades, livros, cinema e outras coisas que penso serem boas.]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2Rn!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ab0818-aa66-4f35-a761-f3946dba49f3_1280x1280.png</url><title>Djair no Substack</title><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 22:00:12 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[pt]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[djairgalvao@gmail.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[djairgalvao@gmail.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[djairgalvao@gmail.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[djairgalvao@gmail.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[O que atrai as crianças para o universo mágico]]></title><description><![CDATA[Lugares fant&#225;sticos, personagens que sofrem e vencem, magia, absurdos, aventura e felicidade: ingredientes de contos de fadas transportam as crian&#231;as para um mundo sem complexidades do universo adulto]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/o-que-atrai-as-criancas-para-o-universo</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/o-que-atrai-as-criancas-para-o-universo</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 16:06:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4f23aa4d-5605-4622-a37b-5084942fce64_1253x1139.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v7yR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb304b651-c520-4168-a71b-989157ac4c07_1253x1139.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v7yR!, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v7yR!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb304b651-c520-4168-a71b-989157ac4c07_1253x1139.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A express&#227;o <em>Conto de Fadas</em> remete a muitas coisas, em geral associadas a elementos fantasiosos ou a acontecimentos fora da realidade. Na ess&#234;ncia, trata de hist&#243;rias populares que come&#231;am num tempo indefinido (<strong>Era uma vez&#8230;</strong>) e se desenrolam num espa&#231;o geogr&#225;fico imposs&#237;vel de ser localizado (<strong>Em um reino distante&#8230;</strong>). Pela sua natureza peculiar, essas hist&#243;rias s&#227;o recheadas de personagens multifacetados - que podem ser reis, pr&#237;ncipes, princesas, plebeus, bruxas, madrastas, vi&#250;vos e vi&#250;vas, crian&#231;as pobres, gigantes, monstros, mocinhas, cavaleiros, guerreiros etc. Comportam uma infinidade de situa&#231;&#245;es que fogem ao &#8220;normal&#8221;: usam e abusam de truques, maldades, humilha&#231;&#245;es, banimentos e, nas narrativas mais antigas, eram temperadas com muito sangue, mortes e encantamentos.</p><h3>O que atrai as crian&#231;as?</h3><p>Os roteiros dos contos de fadas nem sempre foram esses que conhecemos. Ali&#225;s, sequer eram narrativas voltadas para o p&#250;blico infantil, pois se destinavam, originalmente, a meter medo nos adultos, que precisavam dormir cedo e acordar ainda mais cedo para a lida no campo - em particular no per&#237;odo medieval. </p><p>Com as adapta&#231;&#245;es feitas por diversos escritores, muitos deles estudiosos, outros meros curiosos, al&#233;m de folcloristas, contadores de hist&#243;rias, narradores e artistas populares, esses contos ganharam simpatia da popula&#231;&#227;o e foram, pouco a pouco, sendo lapidados para agradar aos ouvidos das crian&#231;as. E como passaram a agradar.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OhCf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34ba0391-1de1-4d22-8808-1555c32c92c8_1254x1254.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OhCf!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34ba0391-1de1-4d22-8808-1555c32c92c8_1254x1254.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OhCf!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OhCf!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34ba0391-1de1-4d22-8808-1555c32c92c8_1254x1254.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Afinal, quem n&#227;o se encantaria ouvindo hist&#243;rias nas quais uma madrasta persegue uma menina pobre, &#243;rf&#227; de m&#227;e, e esta consegue - com a ajuda de uma fada - superar a condi&#231;&#227;o humilhante e se casar com um pr&#237;ncipe lindo e muito rico? Ou, noutra situa&#231;&#227;o, duas crian&#231;as abandonadas pelos pais na floresta, por causa da fome, e que conseguem matar uma bruxa m&#225; que tentou fazer um guisado com o corpo delas. E o que dizer do menino pobre que vivia de pequenos furtos e se tornou pr&#237;ncipe de um reino distante nas Ar&#225;bias depois de achar uma l&#226;mpada maravilhosa com um g&#234;nio dentro, com poderes m&#225;gicos?</p><p>&#201; esse conjunto que combina magia, supera&#231;&#227;o, felicidade, aventura, transforma&#231;&#227;o e lugares fant&#225;sticos o fator atrativo para as mentes infantis. Psicologicamente, os contos de fadas prendem as crian&#231;as porque oferecem a estas a possiblidade de viver em outro mundo. Sumir, pelo tempo que a hist&#243;ria durar, do universo adulto, que &#233; cheio de problemas, brigas, interesses financeiros, ang&#250;stia e dor.</p><p>Essa linha de explica&#231;&#227;o do poder dos contos de fadas sobre a mente infantil &#233; bem tra&#231;ada no livro <strong>A psican&#225;lise nos contos de fadas</strong>, do psic&#243;logo austr&#237;aco <strong>Bruno Bettelheim</strong>, ali&#225;s, uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o de leitura para quem se interessa pelo tema.</p><h3>Os elementos das hist&#243;rias orais</h3><p>&#201; bom destacar que todos esses componentes m&#225;gicos dessas hist&#243;rias n&#227;o surgiram ontem e nem s&#227;o produto de genialidade de uma pessoa ou de um escritor. Remontam a tempos imemoriais, muitos principiados &#224; beira da fogueira pelos nossos antepassados mais remotos, e que ganharam forma atrav&#233;s da oralidade. A capacidade humana de contar e recontar fatos e acontecimentos, aventuras e perigos se cruza com a adapta&#231;&#227;o dos grupos humanos mais antigos &#224;s condi&#231;&#245;es que o planeta oferecia antes de existirem nossa casa ou nossa cama quentinha de hoje.</p><p>E o motor de tudo isso foi a oralidade, essa magia que chamamos de fala ou, de outro modo, nossa capacidade de comunica&#231;&#227;o articulada por meio de sons, gestos, palavras e sinais gr&#225;ficos, caracter&#237;sticos dos seres humanos. O universo falado est&#225; no cerne de quase tudo o que temos da longa mem&#243;ria humana, pois era assim que as pessoas se comunicavam antes das maravilhas que conhecemos na atualidade: contando umas para as outras como foi o seu dia, o que enfrentaram, como escaparam de tais perigos e as solu&#231;&#245;es que criaram para a sobreviv&#234;ncia do seu grupo. Os registros disso est&#227;o at&#233; hoje nos locais onde os homens mais antigos passavam longos per&#237;odos, principalmente em cavernas.</p><p>Para entender e explicar o mundo a seu redor, bem como ampliar sua interpreta&#231;&#227;o, nossos antepassados constru&#237;ram, ao longo do tempo, quatro elementos narrativos que se entrela&#231;am, mesmo tendo caracter&#237;sticas distintas entre si:</p><p><strong>Mitologia </strong>- Conjunto de hist&#243;rias sagradas que explicam o Universo, os deuses e sua rela&#231;&#227;o com a humanidade;</p><p><strong>Folclore</strong> - Envolve cren&#231;as, dan&#231;as, hist&#243;rias, lendas e tradi&#231;&#245;es de um povo;</p><p><strong>Contos de fadas</strong> - Hist&#243;rias m&#225;gicas com pr&#237;ncipes, princesas, castelos, bruxas, fadas e outros elementos recolhidos de viv&#234;ncias populares em v&#225;rios lugares do mundo;</p><p><strong>F&#225;bulas </strong>- A representa&#231;&#227;o do comportamento, dos v&#237;cios e virtudes humanas por meio de animais falantes. Terminam, em geral, com uma li&#231;&#227;o moral para crian&#231;as e adultos.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qUba!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qUba!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qUba!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qUba!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qUba!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qUba!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic" width="1254" height="1254" 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qUba!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qUba!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qUba!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a731b18-e7db-4af1-a6ee-94d0ff7a5cc5_1254x1254.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Principais nomes do universo dos contos</h3><p>N&#227;o existe um &#250;nico nome do universo dos chamados contos de fadas que possa ser destacado como o primeiro, mas um conjunto de escritores e contadores de hist&#243;rias que resolveram reunir grande parte da tradi&#231;&#227;o oral, principalmente no continente europeu, notadamente a partir do s&#233;culo XVI. Na It&#225;lia, dois nomes foram fundamentais para a populariza&#231;&#227;o dessa narrativas: <strong>Giovan Francesco Straparola</strong> e <strong>Giovanni Battista Basile</strong>. Depois, j&#225; na segunda metade do s&#233;culo XX, somou-se a essa tradi&#231;&#227;o a obra do escritor <strong>Italo Calvino</strong>.</p><p>Na Fran&#231;a, dois nomes ganharam grande import&#226;ncia e praticamente tiveram suas obras e vidas se fundindo com esse g&#234;nero a partir do final do s&#233;culo XVII: <strong>Charles Perrault e Jean de La Fontaine</strong>. Na Alemanha, o espa&#231;o foi ocupado pelos irm&#227;os <strong>Jacob e Wilhelm Grimm</strong> - os famosos <strong>Irm&#227;os Grimm,</strong> l&#225; pelo come&#231;o do s&#233;culo XIX.</p><p>Tamb&#233;m merecem destaque as obras do dinamarqu&#234;s <strong>Hans Christian Andersen</strong>, principalmente <strong>O Patinho Feio, A Pequena Sereia, A Roupa Nova do Imperador e O Soldadinho de Chumbo</strong>, dentre outras.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3A7T!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F161992a2-752c-42ea-9db2-f6023a39db11_1254x1254.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3A7T!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, 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href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wo1p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c7a0eee-07c8-405b-8d0c-afab902acdcb_1254x1254.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wo1p!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c7a0eee-07c8-405b-8d0c-afab902acdcb_1254x1254.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wo1p!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wo1p!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c7a0eee-07c8-405b-8d0c-afab902acdcb_1254x1254.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Linguagens cruzadas</h3><p>O conto de fadas &#233; um g&#234;nero que, com o passar do tempo, foi adaptado e sofreu ajustes para ser apresentado em novas linguagens que foram se estabelecendo, principalmente com o advento do cinema, no in&#237;cio do s&#233;culo XX. J&#225; era comum sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o em montagens no teatro, nos circos e em ambientes de divers&#227;o voltadas para p&#250;blicos diversos.</p><p>Esse cruzamento de linguagens, com o desenvolvimento das artes cinematogr&#225;ficas, tomou grande impulso com o cinema hollywoodiano de anima&#231;&#227;o, tendo nos contos de fadas um importante portf&#243;lio para hist&#243;rias direcionadas ao p&#250;blico infantil e infantojuvenil. Os desenhos animados com personagens cl&#225;ssicos dos contos se espalharam em cria&#231;&#245;es e recontagens feitas por grandes est&#250;dios dos EUA, especialmente a Disney. As hist&#243;rias cl&#225;ssicas ganharam vers&#245;es bastante &#8220;a&#231;ucaradas" - que seriam voltadas para divertir crian&#231;as e ganhar a simpatia das fam&#237;lias. Para isso, foram modificadas em diversos aspectos, ora trocando personagens cl&#225;ssicos por animais, brinquedos, carros e outros elementos.</p><p>Todavia, o sucesso dos contos de fadas no cinema de anima&#231;&#227;o sempre deve ser creditado a figuras tradicionais dessas hist&#243;rias: pr&#237;ncipes, princesas, bruxas, madrastas, sapos, monstros, drag&#245;es, senhoras e senhores em idade avan&#231;ada, trapaceiros e figuras astutas, al&#233;m de grande n&#250;mero de animais, principalmente nas adapta&#231;&#245;es das f&#225;bulas mais conhecidas.</p><h3>Suporte emocional</h3><p>Recorrendo novamente aos estudos de <strong>Bruno Bettelheim</strong> em sua obra j&#225; citada, &#233; importante destacar sua percep&#231;&#227;o sobre o &#8220;suporte emocional&#8221; dos contos de fadas na vida de crian&#231;as em sua dura tarefa de descobrir seu papel no mundo. E &#233; isso, frisa <strong>Bettelheim</strong>, que mexe tanto com o emocional infantil: o poder transformador embutido em cada hist&#243;ria fant&#225;stica contada desde tempos imemoriais.</p><p>A identifica&#231;&#227;o das crian&#231;as com aquela criatura indefesa, aquele menino ou menina que sofrem bullying e descobrem no protagonista de um conto de fadas a maneira como foi seu processo de supera&#231;&#227;o. Ou como &#233; poss&#237;vel um garoto ou garota passar por in&#250;meras provas, correr diversos riscos e, por meio de instrumentos m&#225;gicos, atravessar um portal que os leva &#224; vit&#243;ria. Ali&#225;s, o uso dos portais &#233;, de forma indireta, a melhor maneira que as hist&#243;rias infantis t&#234;m para falar de rituais de passagem: ao cruzar aqueles pontos m&#225;gicos que os levam a outro mundo, os personagens dos contos de fadas acessam um mundo novo, uma realidade onde tudo &#233; poss&#237;vel.</p><h3>Cinema, teatro, literatura, brinquedos</h3><p>Dessa forma, grandes produ&#231;&#245;es do cinema de anima&#231;&#227;o souberam capturar esse sentimento infantil e traduzir de maneira l&#250;dica o que toda crian&#231;a pensava: se o her&#243;i consegue superar tudo isso, eu tamb&#233;m consigo. E pelos meios mais comuns que fazem parte de sua vida no per&#237;odo em que sua principal tarefa no mundo &#233; brincar e estudar: com seus brinquedos (<strong>Toy Story</strong>), com suas princesas (<strong>Cavalo de Fogo e Frozen</strong>) ou com um conjunto de criaturas como as que aparecem em diversos desenhos, tais como <strong>He-Man</strong>, <strong>A Caverna do Drag&#227;o</strong> e tantos outros. E dos portais que se abrem, como nos contos m&#225;gicos de <strong>N&#225;rnia</strong>, na magia encantadora de <strong>Harry Potter</strong> e do universo de <strong>O Senhor dos An&#233;is</strong>.</p><p>Enfim, essas criaturas est&#227;o presentes em diferentes sagas, hist&#243;rias, adapta&#231;&#245;es e modalidades de conta&#231;&#227;o de hist&#243;rias, seja no cinema, no teatro e na literatura, inclusive por meio dos quadrinhos, - de onde sa&#237;ram muitos dos her&#243;is e hero&#237;nas cultuadas por gera&#231;&#245;es de crian&#231;as e que integram o universo adulto.</p><p>Temos, portanto, um vasto mundo de explora&#231;&#227;o das linguagens que come&#231;aram l&#225; atr&#225;s, de forma despretensiosa, por alguns antepassados nossos mais remotos. E que servem como li&#231;&#227;o para compreendemos que contos de fadas, mitologias, lendas e f&#225;bulas s&#227;o tiradas da realidade humana. Depois, devolvidas em forma de hist&#243;rias, servem como suporte para a dura realidade que &#233; viver e entender nosso papel no mundo como criaturas com um tempo limitado.</p><p>J&#225; que os personagens que temos como &#8220;irreais" sobrevivem h&#225; mil&#234;nios. Pela for&#231;a da oralidade e pelo refor&#231;o que receberam dos novos meios que foram sendo agregados pela humanidade ao longo dos &#250;ltimos s&#233;culos, inclusive com a explos&#227;o da internet e, mais recentemente, com o in&#237;cio da populariza&#231;&#227;o da intelig&#234;ncia artificial.</p><p>Ningu&#233;m sabe como estaremos daqui a alguns s&#233;culos, mas seguramente teremos os contos de fadas como o velho suporte para antigos problemas de relacionamento das crian&#231;as com o mundo que as cerca. &#201; o poder da magia que leva o mundo sempre a um novo portal que se abre a cada hist&#243;ria que surge - ou ressurge.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Assistimos a uma chuva de livros no Brasil]]></title><description><![CDATA[Assista agora | Eventos liter&#225;rios explodem no Brasil e podem representar uma guinada no tratamento e na valoriza&#231;&#227;o dos livros, al&#233;m da amplia&#231;&#227;o da leitura. Ou estar&#237;amos a reboque do fen&#244;meno das redes sociais?]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/assistimos-a-uma-chuva-de-livros</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/assistimos-a-uma-chuva-de-livros</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 23:21:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/212077815/244117700255d9a9ef4af911c3daea44.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>Nesta </span><strong><span>Edi&#231;&#227;o Especial</span></strong><span>, a </span><strong><span>TV de Bolso</span></strong><span> traz um apanhado de eventos liter&#225;rios que se espalharam pelo Brasil nos &#250;ltimos tempos. Este &#233; um fen&#244;meno que movimenta a chamada economia criativa, tem grande potencial de ampliar a base de leitores e leitoras, deve atrair investimentos para o setor livreiro e pode representar uma mudan&#231;a de patamar no acesso a esse tipo de bem cultural - justamente quando os meios digitais dominam o nosso cotidiano de um modo avassalador.<br><br>A inten&#231;&#227;o desta </span><strong><span>TV de Bolso</span></strong><span> &#233; trazer exemplos de diversos eventos que est&#227;o programados para acontecer neste ano e no ano que vem nos mais diferentes pontos do nosso pa&#237;s. S&#227;o festivais, feiras e encontros liter&#225;rios, alguns dos quais combinando m&#250;sica, teatro, livros, debates e encontros pedag&#243;gicos os mais diversos. Representam uma guinada nos investimentos p&#250;blicos e privados no "produto" livro, abrindo uma certa esperan&#231;a de que tenha efeito duradouro.<br><br>&#201; fato que vivemos, em boa parte em decorr&#234;ncia da for&#231;a das redes sociais, um per&#237;odo de "perfomance" ligada aos livros, com influenciadores digitais, arrivistas e muita gente aparecendo com obras e mais obras nos perfis de divulga&#231;&#227;o na web - como se o ato de ler fosse pura demonstra&#231;&#227;o de algo que n&#227;o tem esse fim. Por outro lado, essas apari&#231;&#245;es sucessivas de leitores e leitoras (de ocasi&#227;o?) ajudam a divulgar o livro e incentivar a leitura como um todo. O Brasil tem mais gente comprando e lendo livros - n&#227;o importa de onde isso est&#225; vindo.<br><br>Todavia, do ponto de vista acad&#234;mico n&#227;o se pode negar a preocupa&#231;&#227;o de que isso seja modismo ou, ainda, represente uma amplia&#231;&#227;o da "leitura" em geral. Traduzindo: passamos o dia todo consumindo "leituras" que nos chegam via redes, mecanismos de IA e aplicativos de mensagens. O risco &#233; a leitura que vemos crescer virar um ap&#234;ndice ao que j&#225; temos como troca e consumo de informa&#231;&#245;es.<br><br>Enquanto n&#227;o se chega a esse consenso - ou a outro qualquer - vamos apreciar o crescimento da leitura como um avan&#231;o. E, sem d&#250;vida, um n&#250;mero maior de eventos liter&#225;rios ajuda, e muito, a ampliar isso tudo.<br><br></span><strong><span>S&#243; a leitura e a cultura nos salvam!</span></strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[O jornalismo freia mesmo o poder?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Campanha do UOL usa argumentos fortes em defesa do jornalismo, mas esbarra na realidade: grupos de m&#237;dias digitais, controlados por corpora&#231;&#245;es de tecnologia, s&#227;o unha e carne com reais donos do poder]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/o-jornalismo-freia-mesmo-o-poder</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/o-jornalismo-freia-mesmo-o-poder</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:34:23 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic" width="704" height="469.7142857142857" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:411,&quot;width&quot;:616,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:704,&quot;bytes&quot;:24404,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Campanha do UOL. Cr&#233;dito: Divulga&#231;&#227;o&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://djairgalvao.substack.com/i/210908436?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Campanha do UOL. Cr&#233;dito: Divulga&#231;&#227;o" title="Campanha do UOL. Cr&#233;dito: Divulga&#231;&#227;o" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hM_R!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe515236c-0a75-441a-a53d-ed2103080ffd_616x412.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Campanha publicit&#225;ria do portal UOL. Cr&#233;dito: Divulga&#231;&#227;o</figcaption></figure></div><p>A campanha publicit&#225;ria do portal <strong>UOL</strong>, que usa o mote <strong>Defenda a Verdade</strong>, trabalha com elementos cl&#225;ssicos do jornalismo, foca nos custos de produ&#231;&#227;o de conte&#250;do com qualidade, confian&#231;a e rigor na apura&#231;&#227;o dos fatos, visando, ao final, captar novos assinante e reafirmar o que considera sua independ&#234;ncia em rela&#231;&#227;o ao poder. Dentre as pe&#231;as colocadas no ar em m&#250;ltiplos canais midi&#225;ticos, a empresa - que carrega no colo o <strong>Grupo Folha</strong> - lan&#231;a m&#227;o de uma velha m&#225;xima jornal&#237;stica que remete &#224; ideia do <strong>Quarto Poder</strong> para sentenciar o seguinte: <strong>o jornalismo freia o poder</strong>. Ser&#225;?</p><h3>A m&#237;stica do 4&#186; poder</h3><p>Percebe-se nessa campanha uma clara refer&#234;ncia aos &#8220;tempos &#225;ureos&#8221; do jornalismo, cuja atua&#231;&#227;o revelaria um &#8220;poder neutro e dotado de for&#231;a pr&#243;pria&#8221; - o tal <strong>Quarto Poder</strong>. Desgarrado dos interesses dos &#8220;tr&#234;s poderes&#8221; (Executivo, Legislativo e Judici&#225;rio), este agiria como defensor da sociedade e das conquistas civilizat&#243;rias oriundas do per&#237;odo iluminista.</p><p>Na pr&#225;tica, tal poder nunca existiu da forma como &#233; decantado, a despeito da capacidade ineg&#225;vel dessa atividade profissional de escrutinar os poderosos e suas a&#231;&#245;es, historicamente. No mundo real, sua influ&#234;ncia sempre sempre foi menor, e deveu-se ao fato de que as empresas de comunica&#231;&#227;o, mesmo as mais &#8220;livres&#8221; de qualquer democracia ou pa&#237;s do mundo, s&#227;o conglomerados &#8220;empresariais". Ou seja, com interesses que, na maioria das vezes, se cruzam com os daqueles que deveriam vigiar. Ainda mais nesta quadra do s&#233;culo XXI.</p><p>Essa vigil&#226;ncia, com frequ&#234;ncia, &#233; deixada de lado, ora por quest&#245;es econ&#244;micas, politicas ou ideol&#243;gicas, ora porque seu controle se encontra nas m&#227;os justamente dos donos do poder em qualquer parte do planeta. E nem se fala aqui de quando a m&#237;dia &#233; toda estatal ou subjugada por grupos que usam a comunica&#231;&#227;o como meio de coer&#231;&#227;o pol&#237;tica e social, como &#233; o caso das ditaduras.</p><h3>A era dos furos jornal&#237;sticos</h3><p>N&#227;o se trata, de maneira alguma, de ignorar ou considerar de menor import&#226;ncia, a necessidade de imprensa livre, de ampla liberdade de express&#227;o e de opini&#227;o - pilares de qualquer democracia representativa tradicional.</p><p>Por isso, &#233; mais do que necess&#225;rio destacar que sobram exemplos da atua&#231;&#227;o de jornalistas, integrantes de grupos da chamada m&#237;dia corporativa que, no exerc&#237;cio de suas fun&#231;&#245;es, desmascararam poderosos e autoridades, mudando o curso de investiga&#231;&#245;es e at&#233; derrubando gente gra&#250;da do poder. O s&#233;culo XX coleciona in&#250;meras apura&#231;&#245;es jornal&#237;sticas que levaram a conflitos diretos entre a imprensa e dirigentes pol&#237;ticos, estruturas militares, figuras influentes dos neg&#243;cios e do poder em geral. Figuram nesse rol esc&#226;ndalos como <strong>O Massacre de My Lai </strong>(Vietn&#227;, 1969), <strong>Os Pap&#233;is do Pent&#225;gono</strong> (EUA, 1971), <strong>Watergate </strong>(EUA, 1972), o <strong>Caso Ir&#227;-Contras</strong> (EUA, 1986) e at&#233; a rumorosa descoberta dos neg&#243;cios de <strong>PC Farias</strong> com o ent&#227;o presidente do Brasil, <strong>Fernando Collor </strong>(1992).</p><h3>Quem controla quem</h3><p>Voltando &#224; Campanha do <strong>UOL</strong>, as pe&#231;as publicit&#225;rias, com linguagem simples e at&#233; ousadas no campo internacional, usam imagens de l&#237;deres de pot&#234;ncias econ&#244;micas e militares, como <strong>Donald Trump</strong> (EUA), <strong>Xi Jinping</strong> (China) e <strong>Vladimir Putin</strong> (R&#250;ssia), e de donos de plataformas de m&#237;dia digitais, dentre eles <strong>Mark Zuckerberg</strong> (Meta) e <strong>Elon Musk</strong> (X-Twitter). A frase, colocada ao lado das fotos de cada um dos poderosos de plant&#227;o, &#233; taxativa: <strong>O jornalismo freia o poder</strong>. Na pr&#225;tica, significa exatamente o contr&#225;rio.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:65760,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://djairgalvao.substack.com/i/210908436?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TwEl!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb44ec19e-41cb-4bf6-ba4a-18dfaff75615_1024x1024.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Donald Trump em montagem feita pela IA Wonder.</figcaption></figure></div><p>A foto que marcou o retorno de <strong>Donald Trump</strong> ao comando da Casa Branca, em janeiro de 2025, foi ilustrativa dessa mistura de interesses entre o atual governante dos Estados Unidos e os donos das maiores empresas do Vale do Sil&#237;cio, as chamadas Big Techs: eles posaram no primeiro plano, e <strong>Elon Musk</strong> at&#233; integrou o governo Trump durante um per&#237;odo. Outros chef&#245;es das corpora&#231;&#245;es digitais n&#227;o esconderam sua liga&#231;&#227;o direta com o representante da maior pot&#234;ncia militar do planeta. Quase em un&#237;ssono, disseram que estavam ali &#8220;representando a defesa dos interesses dos EUA&#8221; e do seu modelo de neg&#243;cios perante o que chamam de "mundo livre&#8221;.</p><p>Essa simbiose entre o poder midi&#225;tico-digital e os poderes pol&#237;tico, militar e econ&#244;mico pode ser traduzida, noutra escala, nos contratos bilion&#225;rios celebrados entre o <strong>Pent&#225;gono</strong> e a <strong>Palantir (<a href="/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/p/bilionarios-da-palantir-convocam">falei desse assunto aqui em abril deste ano)</a></strong> - do bilion&#225;rio <strong>Alex Karp</strong> -, que tem entre seus mandamentos extinguir  a j&#225; fr&#225;gil media&#231;&#227;o atual entre o poder pol&#237;tico e a chamada sociedade civil. Traduzindo: os caras querem acabar at&#233; com os lampejos de democracia liberal e, no seu lugar, colocar os c&#233;rebros de vigil&#226;ncia e seus bra&#231;os rob&#243;ticos. Isso resultaria na in&#233;dita alian&#231;a entre tecnologia e militarismo. O Estado seria mero carimbador desse tipo de atua&#231;&#227;o, entrando com recursos p&#250;blicos e com sua chancela absoluta.</p><p>Como se fosse um convescote entre bilion&#225;rios, o poder em 2026 dan&#231;a conforme as cifras que cada um dos seus representantes ostenta: <strong>Trump </strong>controla a Casa Branca e leva para seu c&#237;rculo imediato outros colegas ultrarricos como <strong>Elon Musk, Mark Zukerberg, Jeff Bezos</strong> e uma penca de controladores das <em>megacorpora&#231;&#245;es</em> digitais. Tudo acaba em acordos, contratos, gestos de parte a parte, sem riscos aparentes para quaisquer que sejam as decis&#245;es pol&#237;ticas ou militares da superpot&#234;ncia.</p><p>A rigor, a discuss&#227;o sobre &#8220;quem controla quem&#8221; parece embalar muito mais o mundo acad&#234;mico e em nenhum aspecto esse novo c&#237;rculo de poder que se formou nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas em torno das chamadas <em>ultradireitas</em> - que t&#234;m em Trump uma esp&#233;cie de farol, cujas luzes se espalham entre a Europa e grande parte da Am&#233;rica Latina e Caribe. Entre t&#237;teres e adoradores dessa nova ordem, o governante dos EUA dita regras, sequestra ocupantes de cargos de na&#231;&#245;es hostis, coloca outros no poder, amea&#231;a os que resistem e promete a volta do porrete sem d&#243; no continente - dito e reafirmado por esse grupo como o eterno &#8220;quintal dos Estados Unidos&#8221;.</p><h3>Brasil: o controle financeiro da m&#237;dia</h3><p>&#201; bem verdade que o Brasil n&#227;o possui nenhuma corpora&#231;&#227;o de m&#237;dia de porte gigante, se comparado aos EUA. Por via das d&#250;vidas, os controladores do mercado financeiro cuidaram desde cedo de comprar ve&#237;culos de m&#237;dia ou se associar a estes, garantindo seu quinh&#227;o de poder na produ&#231;&#227;o, gera&#231;&#227;o e dissemina&#231;&#227;o de conte&#250;do favor&#225;vel a si. O <strong>Banco BTG</strong> tem sua m&#237;dia, a <strong>CNN Brasil</strong> &#233; ligada diretamente a um grupo empresarial dono de banco e a <strong>XP Investimentos</strong> &#233; dona de um site especializado em economia. O jornal <strong>Folha de S. Paulo e o portal UOL</strong>, muito antes desses, j&#225; estavam nas m&#227;os do banco digital criado pela <strong>Fam&#237;lia Frias</strong> - o <strong>PagBank</strong>.</p><p>Tem ainda o caso de antigos jornais, sites e velhos conglomerados de m&#237;dia que hoje comem na m&#227;o de bancos e financeiras pelo simples fato de estarem endividados at&#233; o pesco&#231;o no mercado financeiro. A &#250;nica sa&#237;da foi abrir m&#227;o de parte do poder de decis&#227;o editorial em troca de acordos que garantissem manter suas d&#237;vidas bilion&#225;rias em um patamar que os permita sobreviver aos tempos bicudos do poder avassalador das m&#237;dias digitais, principalmente as de fora do pa&#237;s. Outros, mesmo sem dever muito na pra&#231;a, andam de bra&#231;os dados com o mercado financeiro por convic&#231;&#227;o ideol&#243;gica ou pelo que chamam de &#8220;defesa da livre iniciativa&#8221;.</p><h3>Embate com alguns estados</h3><p>Faz-se necess&#225;rio lembrar que esse conluio entre m&#237;dia digital, corpora&#231;&#245;es de comunica&#231;&#227;o tradicionais e estados poderosos n&#227;o &#233; un&#226;nime. Existem, &#233; fato, alguns estados e grupos pol&#237;ticos, mesmo que poucos, ao redor do mudo, que resistem bravamente a esse dom&#237;nio. Na Europa, no Canad&#225;, na Austr&#225;lia, Nova Zel&#226;ndia e em alguns pontos perdidos do mapa-m&#250;ndi, governos, vez por outra, aprovam leis que tentam restringir parte desse poderio avassalador das m&#237;dias digitais. As tentativas de regula&#231;&#227;o custam retalia&#231;&#245;es, amea&#231;as e ataques por parte dos aliados dos donos das Big Techs - notadamente do atual chefe da Casa Branca.</p><h3>Sumiram os freios e os contrapesos</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nczr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nczr!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nczr!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nczr!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nczr!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nczr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic" width="1024" height="1024" 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nczr!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nczr!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nczr!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15303f1f-33d7-4789-9225-7ddc1ca1bf0d_1024x1024.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Imagem de Donald Trump gerada por Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</figcaption></figure></div><p>&#201; ineg&#225;vel que a volta de <strong>Donald Trump</strong> coroa esse movimento que busca abolir certas regras ditadas pela pol&#237;tica e pela media&#231;&#227;o das m&#237;dias tradicionais ao longo de d&#233;cadas, especialmente ap&#243;s a Segunda Guerra Mundial. A respeito disso, escrevi aqui neste perfil - no dia da posse do atual presidente dos EUA, em janeiro de 2025 - sobre o que considero a morte dos chamados "freios e contrapesos&#8221;, que consagraram a democracia americana antes da era Trump (<a href="/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/p/a-ultima-morte-de-o-espirito-das">clique aqui para ler</a>). No m&#234;s seguinte, voltei a abordar a atua&#231;&#227;o do mandat&#225;rio estadunidense em outro artigo, quando j&#225; eram mais claras suas pol&#237;ticas protecionistas e de interven&#231;&#245;es militares ao redor do mundo - que se tornaram a marca do seu segundo mandato na <strong>Casa Branca</strong> (<a href="/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/p/trump-e-a-nova-desordem-mundial">leia aqui</a>).</p><p>Diante desse cen&#225;rio, &#233; correto afirmar que a realidade contempor&#226;nea n&#227;o mais comporta afirmar a exist&#234;ncia do que foi, em alguma medida no passado, um certo &#8220;freio&#8221; que a a&#231;&#227;o do jornalismo impunha ao poder em suas diversas faces. Ora correndo lado a lado, ora com embates m&#237;nimos, mas a maior parte do tempo de m&#227;os dadas, o poder e o jornalismo n&#227;o se estranham - e isso &#233; uma marca da nossa era.</p><p>Acontecer&#225; alguma mudan&#231;a no futuro? Entendo como improv&#225;vel porque caminhamos a passos largos para a amplia&#231;&#227;o do poder do que se chama atualmente de &#8220;capitalismo de vigil&#226;ncia". Ou, de outro modo, poder, m&#237;dias digitais e complexos militares unidos para substituir o que um dia foi o sonho da democracia e das liberdades.</p><p>Quem duvida ou quer pagar para ver?</p><p><strong>ATUALIZA&#199;&#195;O EM DUAS NOTAS (13/8/2026)</strong></p><p><strong>1 - DAS CORPORA&#199;&#213;ES E REDES</strong> - Achei importante destacar que o texto acima faz claras refer&#234;ncias ao jornalismo corporativo, controlado a partir de estruturas empresariais. E frisar aqui que o momento por que passamos exige, mais do que nunca, uma cobertura jornal&#237;stica preparada para os desafios que a dissemina&#231;&#227;o de informa&#231;&#245;es falsas imp&#245;e, quanto maior &#233; o dom&#237;nio da intelig&#234;ncia artificial e a capilaridade das m&#237;dias sociais. Esse desafio &#233; cercado pelo dom&#237;nio sem regras das corpora&#231;&#245;es digitais, que tomaram a dianteira da distribui&#231;&#227;o de conte&#250;dos, em larga maioria sem curadoria ou verifica&#231;&#227;o, como &#233; t&#237;pico da comunica&#231;&#227;o em redes.</p><p><strong>2 - DO JORNALISMO INVESTIGATIVO</strong> - Todavia, faltou destacar no texto acima o papel exercido pelo <strong>jornalismo independente</strong>, em grande parte focado na investiga&#231;&#227;o e em apura&#231;&#245;es que levam meses ou at&#233; anos para que redundem em revela&#231;&#245;es que podem mudar o curso dos acontecimentos em dados momentos da hist&#243;ria. Em geral concentrados nas m&#237;dias digitais e em sites de investiga&#231;&#227;o jornal&#237;stica - bancados por leitores e leitoras por meio de apoios financeiros -, esses grupos da m&#237;dia investigativa exercem o papel que muitas empresas abandonaram, seja por conveni&#234;ncia pol&#237;tica e/ou econ&#244;mica, seja por posi&#231;&#245;es ideol&#243;gicas, que afastaram muitos profissionais outrora integrantes de seus quadros. Temos, portanto, a era da necessidade cada vez maior do jornalismo como uma das poucas inst&#226;ncias que ainda podem, mesmo de forma limitada, fazer frente a esse dom&#237;nio das <strong>Big Techs</strong>, embora saibamos que, ao fim e ao cabo, j&#225; estamos mergulhados num mar de desinforma&#231;&#227;o e de interesses globais que caracteriza esse conluio entre poderes das corpora&#231;&#245;es digitais, dos ditos conservadores, das hostes militares e dos sistemas de vigil&#226;ncia. E, por isso, sem freios adequados para seu enfrentamento at&#233; onde conseguimos enxergar.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[O que nos diz o filme silencioso de Wenders]]></title><description><![CDATA[Em "Dias Perfeitos", Wim Wenders usa rotina silenciosa de um zelador de banheiros de T&#243;quio para nos provocar sobre conex&#245;es excessivas: barulhos, profus&#227;o de falas e pouco interesse em ouvir o outro]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/o-que-nos-diz-o-filme-silencioso</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/o-que-nos-diz-o-filme-silencioso</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 16:12:23 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-xQs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F306225c9-f131-481b-ad7a-7fa4c753cb15_448x448.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Existem filmes que marcam pelo que dizem, e n&#227;o pelos pr&#234;mios que ganharam. Este &#233; o caso de <strong>Dias Perfeitos</strong> (Jap&#227;o-Alemanha, 2023), dirigido pelo cineasta alem&#227;o <strong>Win Wenders</strong>. Uma pel&#237;cula silenciosa, que acompanha a rotina nada convencional de <strong>Hirayama</strong> (Koji Yakusho), zelador de banheiros p&#250;blicos em T&#243;quio. Um cara que tem uma vida regrada, aparentemente repetitiva, marcada pela desconex&#227;o com o mundo digital e adepto do sil&#234;ncio como forma de comunica&#231;&#227;o. A escolha do diretor por esse estilo revela sua decis&#227;o de falar a respeito do barulho e da falta de paz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-xQs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F306225c9-f131-481b-ad7a-7fa4c753cb15_448x448.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-xQs!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F306225c9-f131-481b-ad7a-7fa4c753cb15_448x448.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-xQs!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-xQs!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F306225c9-f131-481b-ad7a-7fa4c753cb15_448x448.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Dias Perfeitos/Divulga&#231;&#227;o/Reprodu&#231;&#227;o/Instragram</figcaption></figure></div><h3>Nosso interior grita</h3><p>Mesmo que todo mundo concorde que vivemos uma verdadeira loucura de ru&#237;dos, descompassos e excessos de conex&#227;o na contemporaneidade, poucos de n&#243;s est&#227;o dispostos a romper com isso. Fingimos nos incomodar. E Wenders colocou o dedo na ferida ao filmar a rotina de um cara que tem um emprego mediano e cumpre suas tarefas &#8220;sujas&#8221; quase sem falar - mesmo comunicando o tempo todo sobre muitas coisas. <strong>Hirayama</strong> &#233; o nosso interior gritando por um pouco de paz, de cuidado com coisas simples e com um mundo menos agitado.</p><h3>De Lou Reed a Nina Simone</h3><p>Como n&#227;o poderia deixar de ser, esse comportamento do personagem esconde um passado que, aos poucos, vai sendo desvelado com a mesma lentid&#227;o que a pel&#237;cula corre. Todavia, nem mesmo essas revela&#231;&#245;es - que poderiam nos levantar suspeitas desde o come&#231;o - pouco importam para a mensagem principal do diretor: o mundo precisa de mais paz, deixar de lado as guerras e ter menos tempo com gente opinando, falando e  se expressando por sons e ru&#237;dos. Existem espa&#231;os fora de n&#243;s que est&#227;o abertos a serem ouvidos e a nos ouvir, na natureza, nos livros e na m&#250;sica. O filme, por sinal, tem uma trilha sonoro linda, generosa e muito bem escolhida por <strong>Wenders</strong> e equipe, que nos remete a outras d&#233;cadas do universo musical (de um cl&#225;ssico de <strong>Lou Reed</strong> - que inspirou o t&#237;tulo do filme - a <strong>Nina Simone</strong>).</p><h3>Quando um filme &#233; marcante</h3><p>Como me referi no in&#237;cio, nem sempre &#233; a cole&#231;&#227;o de pr&#234;mios que faz um filme ficar na categoria de marcantes ou ter seu p&#250;blico cativo. Afinal, <strong>Dias Perfeitos</strong> levou apenas o pr&#234;mio de <strong>Melhor Ator</strong> (Koji Yakusho) no <strong>Festival de Cannes</strong> de 2023 e concorreu como indicado ao <strong>Oscar 2024</strong> como melhor filme internacional do Jap&#227;o naquele ano. Isso diz pouco do que a produ&#231;&#227;o nos ofereceu.</p><p>O que importa, nesse caso, &#233; a mensagem que ficou gravada na mem&#243;ria de quem adora cinema: voc&#234; fica duas horas entregue a uma falta de barulhos, explos&#245;es, movimentos de c&#226;mera bruscos e interrup&#231;&#245;es. E &#233; exatamente isso que ele tem a oferecer: aquilo que voc&#234; buscava. Um pouco de paz e harmonia. O semblante de <strong>Hirayama</strong> &#233; a representa&#231;&#227;o do misto de tristeza, satisfa&#231;&#227;o e alegria por viver um dia de cada vez, sem precisar de muita coisa e sem fazer alarde. Ouvir mais do que falar.</p><p>Quem, afinal, est&#225; disposto a abrir m&#227;o da &#8220;capacidade&#8221; de opinar o tempo todo? Essa &#233; pergunta que o filme faz at&#233; o final. Esse &#233; o seu lado marcante, sem d&#250;vida.</p><p><strong>EM TEMPO - O filme est&#225; dispon&#237;vel na plataforma Netflix.</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[#Episódio 56 - Por que reler obras marcantes]]></title><description><![CDATA[Revisitar textos que marcaram minha vida de leitor me parece um h&#225;bito que, al&#233;m de saud&#225;vel, serve como janela de volta aos pontos em que o aprendizado se enraizou em mim. Falei sobre isso no podcast]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/por-que-reler-obras-marcantes</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/por-que-reler-obras-marcantes</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:52:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/209198618/be4db13bb7680cba7f73a399389efd19.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>A partir de uma pergunta recorrente feita a leitores e leitoras, apresento dois livros que me marcaram como leitor: o cl&#225;ssico </span><strong><span>Sidarta</span></strong><span>, do escritor alem&#227;o </span><strong><span>Hermann Hesse</span></strong><span>, de 1952, e </span><strong><span>As Veias Abertas da Am&#233;rica Latina</span></strong><span>, do uruguaio </span><strong><span>Eduardo Galeano</span></strong><span>, publicado pela primeira vez em 1971.<br><br>Claro, existem muitas outras obras que eu voltei e voltaria a reler, pois tenho esse h&#225;bito de revisitar de tempos em tempos aquelas publica&#231;&#245;es que marcaram determinados momentos da minha vida e carreira de jornalista, professor e escritor. Escolhi as obras de Hesse e Galeano por serem fruto de duas vis&#245;es de mundo diferentes. E tamb&#233;m por tratarem de temas t&#227;o diversos quanto empolgantes.<br><br>Esse desejo de voltar a determinados livros &#233; algo meio m&#237;stico na minha vida de leitor. &#201; como se me devolvesse um certo 'poder' de me sentir de volta &#224;quele momento, reencontrar descobertas que fiz numa fase das viv&#234;ncias e de aprendizados e, dessa forma, consolidar ideias e pensamentos que alimento h&#225; d&#233;cadas e que considero imut&#225;veis no campo filos&#243;fico e ideol&#243;gico.<br><br>Recomendo sempre esse retorno ao que considero bom. E voc&#234;s?</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7Nyf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9869b9a-1945-4ab3-9be6-ab399b54ba27_1536x1024.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7Nyf!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9869b9a-1945-4ab3-9be6-ab399b54ba27_1536x1024.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7Nyf!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, 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8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[#Episódio 55 - A Odisseia vai prender você!]]></title><description><![CDATA[Superprodu&#231;&#227;o do diretor e roteirista Christopher Nolan recria partes cl&#225;ssicas do poema atribu&#237;do a Homero que narra a aventura de Odisseu na sua volta para casa depois da Guerra de Troia. Um marco]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-55-a-odisseia-vai-prender</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-55-a-odisseia-vai-prender</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 23:42:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/207985819/c89a8809254c5c2f1060d8b825c82290.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fkBL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F863b15c7-ccef-48de-bef6-6462cdea60db_1600x900.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fkBL!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fkBL!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F863b15c7-ccef-48de-bef6-6462cdea60db_1600x900.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Se voc&#234; est&#225; pensando em assistir ao filme <strong>A Odisseia</strong> (EUA, 2026), prepare-se para ficar preso &#224; cadeira do cinema durante quase tr&#234;s horas seguidas e sofrer com as passagens de um &#233;pico que vem sendo cantado e contado desde s&#233;culos antes de Cristo. O roteiro e a dire&#231;&#227;o nas m&#227;os do diretor ingl&#234;s <strong>Christopher Nolan</strong> s&#227;o a garantia de cenas bem trabalhadas, cen&#225;rios condizentes com a hist&#243;ria escolhida e de um elenco que faz jus a cada centavo dos US$ 250 milh&#245;es investidos na sua superprodu&#231;&#227;o. No fundo, o que caracteriza esse longa foi cada escolha de <strong>Nolan</strong> para sua narrativa.</p><p>A viagem do her&#243;i m&#237;tico <strong>Odisseu</strong> (ou <strong>Ulisses</strong>), cantada e narrada no poema atribu&#237;do ao grego <strong>Homero</strong>, foi costurada nas telas pelo diretor de maneira que voc&#234; n&#227;o tivesse todos os personagens cl&#225;ssicos que habitam os mares e lugares por onde o protagonista &#233; obrigado a passar at&#233; voltar para o reino de <strong>&#205;taca</strong> - de um saiu para lutar e voltar como her&#243;i da <strong>Guerra de Troia</strong>. Foram escolhas que considero bem arranjadas por Nolan que marcam esse &#233;pico muito mais do que outros filmes da longa lista de suas produ&#231;&#245;es consagradas por Hollywood.</p><p>Tem o gigante <strong>Polifemo</strong> (Ciclope), a feiticeira <strong>Circe</strong>, a cena dos porcos, o bicho de seis cabe&#231;as (o <strong>Cila</strong>), as sereias e uma infinidade de infort&#250;nios vividos por <strong>Odisseu</strong> e seus marinheiros ap&#243;s desobedecerem seguidamente as leis de Zeus e de profanarem as ordens de outras divindades do pante&#237;smo grego daquela &#233;poca (1.200 a.C.). O filme entrega um her&#243;i que sofre entre o amor e a paix&#227;o, enquanto se equilibra pelo uso da intelig&#234;ncia e da capacidade de perceber o que muitos n&#227;o notariam a cada desventura na sua longa jornada de volta para casa.</p><p>Sem pestanejar, considero essa produ&#231;&#227;o cinematogr&#225;fica de <strong>Christopher Nolan</strong> como a sua melhor sacada no cinema, mesmo sendo ele um colecionador de sucessos como <strong>Openheimer</strong> (2023), <strong>Interestelar</strong> (2014) e a trilogia <strong>O Cavaleiro da Trevas</strong> (Batman, de 2005, 2008 e 2012). Colaborou para isso a escolha de um elenco de grande envergadura, como &#233; o caso de <strong>Matt Damon</strong> (Odisseu), <strong>Anne Hathaway</strong> (Pen&#233;lope), <strong>Tom Holland</strong> (Tel&#234;maco), <strong>Lupita Nyong'o </strong>(Clytemnestra), <strong>Charlize Teron</strong> (Ninfa Calipso), <strong>Samantha Morton</strong> (Circe), dentre outros nomes de peso que fizeram do filme um sucesso imediato nos cinemas de todo o mundo desde a sua estreia agora em julho.</p><p>&#201; bem prov&#225;vel que Nolan tenha se desafiado ao pegar os fragmentos de uma hist&#243;ria que sobreviveu a s&#233;culos de contagens e recontagens, principalmente por ser apenas cantada como numa embolada de coco ou num cordel, e ter tirado disso sua maneira de olhar como seria o mundo daqueles navegantes gregos que desafiam nossa imagina&#231;&#227;o. Nesse sentido, entendo que ele foi longe demais - muito mais do que em qualquer outro filme que roteirizou ou dirigiu ao longa da carreira. Porque acertou muito no tom, nos personagens escolhidos e na lista de atores e atrizes.</p><p>Dif&#237;cil n&#227;o ser um dos maiores cl&#225;ssicos deste complicado ano de 2026 para um mundo que desconhece as regras b&#225;sicas das guerras e segue governado e desgovernado pelos senhores das pot&#234;ncias nucleares e pelos fabricantes de armas.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Brasileiro fica online 116 horas por semana]]></title><description><![CDATA[Destaque para pesquisa que mediu o tempo m&#233;dio que os brasileiros ficam diante das telas: passamos o equivalente a 52 anos da nossa vida usando equipamentos eletr&#244;nicos e em redes sociais, IAs etc]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/brasileiro-fica-online-116-horas</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/brasileiro-fica-online-116-horas</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 15:05:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/207164081/a7a2fd47f1780e9f4d8edc22872ff7b2.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A edi&#231;&#227;o da TV de Bolso que est&#225; no ar traz o resumo de uma pesquisa encomendada pela empresa <strong>NordVPV</strong> sobre o tempo m&#233;dio que os brasileiros ficam diante das telas dos computadores, telefones celulares e tablets. S&#227;o nada menos que 116 horas semanais, o que consumiria cerca de 52 anos da vida de uma pessoa com expectativa de viver at&#233; os 76 anos, como &#233; o caso do nosso pa&#237;s.</p><p>A edi&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m traz outros assuntos em destaque, como o in&#237;cio da venda de estandes para a <strong>Bienal do Livro do Rio em 2027</strong> e a proximidade da <strong>FLIP 2026</strong>, na cidade de Paraty, no litoral fluminense. Outro informe &#233; sobre a <strong>20&#170; edi&#231;&#227;o da Feira do Livro da cidade de Mossor&#243;</strong>, localizada no sert&#227;o do Rio Grande do Norte.</p><p>Tamb&#233;m est&#225; no programa a abertura do portal <strong>Livros Abertos, da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</strong>, que disponibiliza mais de 900 livros em formato PDF para qualquer interessado, al&#233;m de pesquisas, textos e trabalhos cient&#237;ficos de pesquisadores do Brasil e de outros 60 pa&#237;ses. Mostramos um <strong>curso de audiovisual </strong>gratuito que a Prefeitura de S&#227;o Paulo montou e que ainda est&#225; com inscri&#231;&#245;es abertas.</p><p>Nosso programa traz tamb&#233;m uma nota sobre um edital aberto em <strong>Itaja&#237;, Santa Catarina</strong>, que destinou R$ 130 mil para escritores locais poderem publicar seus primeiros livros. E destacou uma revista liter&#225;ria lan&#231;ada na regi&#227;o do ABC paulista para divulgar a produ&#231;&#227;o de escritores, ilustradores, poetas e do pessoal do teatro do <strong>Grande ABC paulista</strong>.</p><p>Enfim, muitas dicas de livros e filmes, eventos e atividades culturais s&#227;o o recheio do nosso programa. Siga, comente, compartilhe e divulgue a TV de Bolso!</p><p>Muito obrigado!</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Viagem pela mente dos carrascos nazistas]]></title><description><![CDATA[Filme Nuremberg faz o espectador explorar o c&#233;rebro de criminosos de guerra do 3&#186; Reich. Trabalho do psiquiatra Douglas Kelley mostrou que os homens de Hitler eram mais comuns do que o mundo imaginava]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/viagem-pela-mente-dos-carrascos-nazistas</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/viagem-pela-mente-dos-carrascos-nazistas</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2026 11:00:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bde8580b-c50f-4c70-ad95-2df8ebe41273_5712x4284.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>A produ&#231;&#227;o cinematogr&#225;fica<strong> Nuremberg</strong> (EUA, 2025) n&#227;o &#233; mera reprodu&#231;&#227;o do julgamento dos principais criminosos de guerra capturados pelos aliados ao final da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945). Seu trunfo &#233; o quebra-cabe&#231;as montado lentamente pela atua&#231;&#227;o do psiquiatra norte-americano <strong>Douglas Kelley</strong> (</em>Rami Malek<em>) para provar que figuras como <strong>Hermann G&#246;ring</strong> (Russel Crowe), </em><strong>Rudolf Hess</strong><span> (</span><em><span>Andreas Pietschmann</span></em><span>) e </span><strong><span>Julius Streicher</span></strong><span> (</span><em><span>Dieter Riesle</span></em><span>), dentre outros, tinham condi&#231;&#245;es de ir a julgamento pelo Tribunal Militar Internacional criado ap&#243;s a queda do Reich - e que teve como palco a cidade alem&#227; de Nuremberg. A trama gira em torno do jogo psicol&#243;gico vivido entre Kelley e figuras proeminentes do regime nazista que sobreviveram &#224; derrocada da m&#225;quina de guerra alem&#227; em 1945.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sW4d!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a02df3-2bb2-425d-9205-200cdf9af9cd_1408x768.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sW4d!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a02df3-2bb2-425d-9205-200cdf9af9cd_1408x768.heic 424w, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sW4d!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a02df3-2bb2-425d-9205-200cdf9af9cd_1408x768.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Imagem gerada por Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial/Gemini/Reprodu&#231;&#227;o</strong></p><h3>Imagens do horror</h3><p>Entremeado por passagens hist&#243;ricas conhecidas, e outras nem tanto, o longa usa como recheio para sensibilizar o espectador um grande conjunto de imagens - reais e aterrorizantes - feitas pelos aliados, principalmente norte-americanos, russos e ingleses, quando da liberta&#231;&#227;o dos campos de exterm&#237;nio montados pelos nazistas na Pol&#244;nia, na Alemanha, na &#193;ustria e em outros pontos da Europa. As imagens chocam pelas atrocidades cometidas nos Campos e servem como provas, mostradas pela Promotoria do Tribunal Militar Internacional no decorrer dos julgamentos. Ao mesmo tempo, convencem ainda mais o psiquiatra de que ele est&#225; diante de figuras que perpetraram os maiores crimes contra a humanidade que o mundo conheceu no s&#233;culo XX, mesmo que ele acabe demonstrando que muitos daqueles monstros do Reich eram &#8220;figuras comuns que poderiam estar entre n&#243;s&#8221;.</p><h3><em><strong>G&#246;ring e o psiquiatra</strong></em></h3><p>A prop&#243;sito dessa constata&#231;&#227;o - de que os prisioneiros ilustres em poder dos aliados tinham mentes degeneradas, mas n&#227;o eram excepcionais - <strong>Douglas Kelley</strong> sofreu psicologicamente, politicamente e profissionalmente um grande abalo. Ele acabou se envolvendo muito de perto com o ex-todo-poderoso <em><strong>Hermann G&#246;ring </strong>e at&#233; visitou a filha e a mulher do criminoso v&#225;rias vezes na casa onde as duas passaram a viver depois que G&#246;ring se entregou &#224;s tropas dos EUA na &#193;ustria, em 1945. O psiquiatra acabou afundando no alcoolismo, lan&#231;ou um livro fracassado e, anos depois, tirou a pr&#243;pria vida com uma c&#225;psula de cianureto - o mesmo que fez <strong>Hermann G&#246;ring </strong>ap&#243;s receber a senten&#231;a do Tribunal Militar de que seria enforcado junto com outros l&#237;deres nazistas.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_AS0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_AS0!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_AS0!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_AS0!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_AS0!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_AS0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic" width="1456" height="2038" 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_AS0!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_AS0!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_AS0!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20fc1627-1a66-4059-878e-b49e3e03ad40_3370x4716.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Cr&#233;dito da foto: Djair Galv&#227;o/Auschwitz/Pol&#244;nia/2026</strong></p><h3>Cinismo, manipula&#231;&#227;o, narcisismo</h3><p>O principal embate vivido por Douglas Kelley foi com o n&#250;mero dois na hierarquia do comando nazista, Hermann <em>G&#246;ring, que seria o sucessor natural de Adolf Hitler. </em>Manipulador nato, not&#243;rio narcisista, o homem de confian&#231;a do regime mostrou a Kelley o cinismo em estado bruto. Tanto que o psiquiatra acabou perdendo a patente militar e quase p&#245;s a perder alguns dos principais argumentos que a acusa&#231;&#227;o iria apresentar para levar os carrascos do Reich &#224; condena&#231;&#227;o &#224; forca e outras penas.</p><p>Baseado no livro <strong>O Nazista e o Psiquiatra</strong>, do jornalista norte-americano <strong>Jack El-Hal</strong>, a hist&#243;ria &#233; bem amarrada do come&#231;o ao fim. N&#227;o &#233; preciso saber amplos detalhes daquele momento hist&#243;rico vivido pela humanidade, quando os aliados se viram praticamente obrigados a criar um Tribunal Militar, pois poderiam simplesmente ter executado um a um os chefes militares capturados com vida ou que resolveram se entregar ao final da guerra. A inten&#231;&#227;o era dar ares de legalidade ao acontecimento in&#233;dito e, dessa forma, criar jurisprud&#234;ncia no Direito Internacional, que at&#233; ent&#227;o n&#227;o tinha precedentes e nem instrumentos legais para tal.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ITj4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6eb5706-2d0c-4f4d-bd74-c44cd84cc918_1408x768.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ITj4!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6eb5706-2d0c-4f4d-bd74-c44cd84cc918_1408x768.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ITj4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6eb5706-2d0c-4f4d-bd74-c44cd84cc918_1408x768.heic" width="1408" height="768" 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6eb5706-2d0c-4f4d-bd74-c44cd84cc918_1408x768.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ITj4!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6eb5706-2d0c-4f4d-bd74-c44cd84cc918_1408x768.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ITj4!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6eb5706-2d0c-4f4d-bd74-c44cd84cc918_1408x768.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ITj4!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6eb5706-2d0c-4f4d-bd74-c44cd84cc918_1408x768.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Imagem gerada por Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial/Gemini/Reprodu&#231;&#227;o</strong></p><h3>Bastidores do julgamento</h3><p>A pel&#237;cula prende tamb&#233;m pelo suspense, mesmo tratando de um tema bastante conhecido por quem estudou ou estuda a hist&#243;ria desse per&#237;odo. O roteiro &#233; inteligente ao costurar os bastidores do julgamento com o sofrimento de Kelley para manter os presos vivos e, paralelamente, tentar decifrar os caminhos da mente criminosa dos seus &#8216;pacientes&#8217;. E, de quebra, buscar a manuten&#231;&#227;o do sigilo profissional - o que se tornou imposs&#237;vel de ser mantido por conta da din&#226;mica e do ineditismo do j&#250;ri. Seu material de trabalho acabou servindo para levar os homens de Hitler &#224;s condena&#231;&#245;es, enquanto o cidad&#227;o Kelley afundava internamente at&#233; tirar a pr&#243;pria vida anos ap&#243;s aqueles acontecimentos.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FxuD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FxuD!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FxuD!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FxuD!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FxuD!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FxuD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic" width="1456" height="1092" 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FxuD!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FxuD!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FxuD!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff034507b-e756-4735-aae5-52ba4bd377b1_5712x4284.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Cr&#233;dito da foto: Djair Galv&#227;o/Auschwitz/Pol&#244;nia/2026</strong></p><h3>A experi&#234;ncia dram&#225;tica de <strong>Auschwitz</strong></h3><p>Um par&#234;ntese que fa&#231;o neste artigo &#233; motivado pela viagem que fiz por um grupo de pa&#237;ses do Leste Europeu no in&#237;cio deste ano, quando visitei o Campo de Exterm&#237;nio de <strong>Auschwitz, l</strong>ocalizado na cidade polonesa de<strong> O&#347;wi&#281;cim (</strong>que os alem&#227;es traduziram como<strong> Auschwitz). </strong>Foi uma experi&#234;ncia dram&#225;tica, e ver o filme me fez voltar tudo aquilo que restou das atrocidades ali registradas para a posteridade.</p><p>Foi muito al&#233;m do que ler livros de hist&#243;ria, lecionar para turmas diversas, durante anos, sobre o horror do nazismo: me sentia dentro da pr&#243;pria Hist&#243;ria, doendo na carne e nos olhos os ecos do sofrimento de quem foi levado para lugares como <strong>Auschwitz-Birkenau </strong>e<strong> </strong>sofreu barbaridades nas m&#227;os dessas criaturas abjetas. E pensar muito nos milh&#245;es de seres humanos que tiveram suas vidas ceifadas por um regime totalit&#225;rio que, sabemos, nunca deixou de ter adeptos, admiradores e bajuladores entre n&#243;s, passados mais de 8o anos daqueles acontecimentos.</p><h3>O alerta realista de Kelley</h3><p>O filme filme mostra que Douglas Kelley perdeu muito da raz&#227;o de viver porque passou anos e anos alertando que aquilo tudo poderia voltar. E que as pessoas que acreditaram no discurso e na pr&#225;tica do nazismo estavam e estariam entre n&#243;s. Seu alerta faz todo o sentido hoje, quando o mundo assiste, horrorizado, ao crescimento do neonazismo e dos bra&#231;os, pernas e almas do neofascismo crescendo a olhos vistos com o avan&#231;o da extrema-direita em todo o mundo nos &#250;ltimos anos.</p><p>Por fim, considero o filme recomendado pelo conte&#250;do, pelo discurso, pela ambienta&#231;&#227;o realista e pela atua&#231;&#227;o brilhante dos atores e atrizes. Um baita aprendizado sobre o passado recente da humanidade e uma aula realista acerca do que vivemos na atualidade.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[#Episódio 54 - A incrível história do Pavão Misterioso]]></title><description><![CDATA[Assista agora | Escrito em 1923 por um cordelista paraibano com parcos estudos formais, o romance "O Pav&#227;o Misterioso" encantou gera&#231;&#245;es, explorou fic&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica e provou a for&#231;a da oralidade na cultura sertaneja]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-54-a-incrivel-historia-do</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-54-a-incrivel-historia-do</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2026 04:26:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/205009987/2142b32a2068a58b746757e30fdf34b1.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>O folheto de cordel </span><strong><span>O Pav&#227;o Misterioso</span></strong><span>, publicado em 1923, &#233; considerado o primeiro romance que trouxe a fic&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica para esse estilo liter&#225;rio popular. De autoria do paraibano </span><strong><span>Jos&#233; Camelo de Melo Resende</span></strong><span>, a obra alcan&#231;ou grande popularidade por sua riqueza de detalhes e por demostrar a f&#233;rtil imagina&#231;&#227;o do cordelista - um sujeito que exerceu diversas profiss&#245;es at&#233; publicar essa hist&#243;ria.<br></span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uJuZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uJuZ!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uJuZ!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uJuZ!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uJuZ!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uJuZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic" width="1456" height="971" 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uJuZ!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uJuZ!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uJuZ!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5978bc34-f594-452b-94ab-2bcc0bdf129b_1536x1024.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span><br>Nascido no interior da Para&#237;ba, </span><strong><span>Jos&#233; Camelo de Melo Resende</span></strong><span> provou a for&#231;a da cultura oral que caracteriza o universo do cordel, ainda mais numa &#233;poca em que poucos dos seus contempor&#226;neos - incluindo ele pr&#243;prio - tiveram acesso aos bancos escolares. Os cordelistas, em geral, eram figuras com larga capacidade de decorar, criar e recriar hist&#243;rias a partir de personagens regionais e locais, cujas aventuras passavam de boca em boca.<br><br>O processo de oralidade, semelhante ao ocorrido antes da populariza&#231;&#227;o dos contos de fadas na Europa Medieval, foi o motor desse tipo de cria&#231;&#227;o no Nordeste brasileiro. Foi naquela regi&#227;o que a literatura de cordel encontrou terreno f&#233;rtil para a criatividade entre pessoas das comunidades rurais sem alfabetiza&#231;&#227;o, versadas apenas na cultura oral.<br><br>O cordel, apontam diversos estudos acad&#234;micos, foi utilizado como ferramenta para alfabetizar, divertir e levar cultura popular para &#225;reas rurais, sendo a porta de entrada para as "primeiras letras" de muitas crian&#231;as, jovens e adultos sertanejos durante d&#233;cadas. Seu poder de influ&#234;ncia foi apropriado pelo cinema e por outras formas de express&#227;o cultural de forma recorrente desde o s&#233;culo XX. no Brasil.<br><br>No caso espec&#237;fico deste romance, que eu declamei em seu texto integral (edi&#231;&#227;o publicada pela </span><strong><span>Editora Luzeiro</span></strong><span>), </span><strong><span>Jos&#233; Camelo</span></strong><span> provou como o conhecimento era guardado e acumulado a partir do que se ouvia. Basta lembrar que ele jamais viajou para os pa&#237;ses e lugares que usou na descri&#231;&#227;o de sua bel&#237;ssima e encantadora hist&#243;ria. Nunca saiu da Para&#237;ba para visitar a Gr&#233;cia ou a Turquia, mas soube como poucos fazer o leitor passear pelas "terras distantes". Al&#233;m disso, falou de detalhes que somente o conhecimento oral propiciaria que trouxesse ao seu p&#250;blico, cativado de gera&#231;&#227;o em gera&#231;&#227;o.<br><br>A engenhosidade dessa obra est&#225; na maneira como o cordelista imaginou uma m&#225;quina que imitava um avi&#227;o, mas tinha a forma de um pav&#227;o, voava sem ser vista e poderia ser guardada numa maleta sem que ningu&#233;m desconfiasse. Algumas dessas coisas descritas por ele foram mostradas nas m&#227;os de agentes secretos, anos mais tarde, nos cinemas e na literatura de fic&#231;&#227;o como conhecemos.<br><br>Devemos a Jos&#233; Camelo, portanto, a antecipa&#231;&#227;o de engenhocas voadoras no nosso imagin&#225;rio oral - cujas caracter&#237;sticas inusitadas levaram a obra a virar m&#250;sica, como a composi&#231;&#227;o do cearense </span><strong><span>Ednardo</span></strong><span>, de 1976, que tamb&#233;m virou tema de novela da TV Globo naquele ano. Al&#233;m disso, o romance foi explorado em montagens teatrais e noutros meios de difus&#227;o cultural. Isso provou sua genialidade originalidade.<br><br>Temos um romance de fic&#231;&#227;o nascido do cordel e de uma mente que usava da linguagem oral muito antes de outros literatos explorarem esse tipo de cria&#231;&#227;o no Brasil e noutros lugares do mundo l&#225; pelo in&#237;cio da d&#233;cada de 1920. E um detalhe: vindo dos territ&#243;rios do chamado "Brasil profundo", &#224; &#233;poca, dos "Grandes Sert&#245;es" e suas veredas de conhecimento e criatividade.<br><br>Espero que apreciem e conhe&#231;am essa obra da cultura popular brasileira que at&#233; hoje encanta por ser um roteiro de cinema, de teatro, de filme de fic&#231;&#227;o e conter muita originalidade.</span></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Aprender com quem tem pouco]]></title><description><![CDATA[Um privil&#233;gio conversar com um cidad&#227;o que tira li&#231;&#245;es de sobreviv&#234;ncia em SP e faz da leitura seu porto para superar as agruras de n&#227;o ter onde morar na 'capital da riqueza'. Horas de aprendizado real]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/aprender-com-quem-tem-pouco</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/aprender-com-quem-tem-pouco</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 02:10:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b30324a6-39ce-493b-9050-6136a07d45f2_1080x1350.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><h3>&#8220;Sou filho de um trabalhador da ind&#250;stria gr&#225;fica e isso me trouxe o amor pelos livros&#8221;.</h3></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lMPt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866ecf1e-6a0a-4161-88ec-d7c83a73c968.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lMPt!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866ecf1e-6a0a-4161-88ec-d7c83a73c968.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lMPt!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866ecf1e-6a0a-4161-88ec-d7c83a73c968.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lMPt!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866ecf1e-6a0a-4161-88ec-d7c83a73c968.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p><strong>Ant&#244;nio Barbosa, pernambucano, morador em situa&#231;&#227;o de rua de SP</strong></p></blockquote><h4>Uma figura misteriosa</h4><p>Eu o avistei de longe algumas vezes sob a luz forte que clareia a &#225;rea de acesso ao elevador do <strong>Terminal Bandeira</strong>, gigante de concreto e ferro localizado na regi&#227;o central da capital paulista - de onde partem dezenas de linhas de coletivos para os mais variados bairros paulistanos. Desta vez, trocamos um olhar e decidi abordar o sujeito barbudo, com ares m&#237;sticos para o imagin&#225;rio de quem passa e logo o associa a personagens de sagas do cinema e da literatura.</p><p>N&#227;o foi surpresa sua generosidade para iniciarmos uma conversa amistosa, que logo se perdeu ente mem&#243;rias de migrantes, livros, leituras, literatura, o mundo das redes e celulares e outras pequenas coisas de grande valor para quem vive como ele. </p><p>Estou falando do cidad&#227;o da foto acima, o pernambucano <strong>Ant&#244;nio Barbosa</strong>, olhos fundos, pele clara e firme, ressecada pelo frio e pelo calor, do alto dos seus 64 anos, desde algum tempo vivendo em situa&#231;&#227;o de rua na selva paulistana. Barbosa &#233; desses sujeitos que perderam praticamente tudo na vida material, e atualmente sobrevive entre passagens noturnas pelos abrigos da Prefeitura de S&#227;o Paulo e as pequenas doa&#231;&#245;es de pessoas que conhece. E isso n&#227;o &#233; o que chama a aten&#231;&#227;o nesse senhor, mas seu h&#225;bito de leitura, que virou minha atra&#231;&#227;o para puxar a conversa casual.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RlSF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bdd8ca3-7d19-4322-a5eb-1c155b6d2234_1080x1350.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RlSF!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bdd8ca3-7d19-4322-a5eb-1c155b6d2234_1080x1350.heic 424w, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RlSF!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bdd8ca3-7d19-4322-a5eb-1c155b6d2234_1080x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Sede de aprender e de viver</h4><p>Ap&#243;s a apresenta&#231;&#227;o inicial, Barbosa disse que gostava de ler naquele local por conta da ilumina&#231;&#227;o. &#8220;N&#227;o tem lugar melhor para ler do que aqui&#8221;, disse, sem querer mostrar de imediato qual era a obra que prendia sua aten&#231;&#227;o naquele momento. E a primeira pergunta veio de imediato: como nasceu sua atra&#231;&#227;o pelos livros? &#8220;Do meu pai, de casa. Ele trabalhava em gr&#225;fica e eu tamb&#233;m sou gr&#225;fico de profiss&#227;o. N&#227;o tem como n&#227;o gostar de livros&#8221;, respondeu.</p><p>Sua sede de aprender contrasta com a condi&#231;&#227;o em que vive na maior metr&#243;pole da Am&#233;rica do Sul. Com uma pequena sacola onde carrega roupas, outros pertences e alguns livros, ele se desloca entre equipamentos de assist&#234;ncia social da Prefeitura de S&#227;o Paulo - onde pernoita e toma banho e caf&#233; - e as ruas da cidade. Vive a ang&#250;stia de n&#227;o ter onde morar. &#8220;Tenho sede de ler e de aprender&#8221;, refor&#231;a.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoxY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff96de771-7cd0-420b-aacb-e6c7062dca31_1080x1350.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoxY!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff96de771-7cd0-420b-aacb-e6c7062dca31_1080x1350.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoxY!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff96de771-7cd0-420b-aacb-e6c7062dca31_1080x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoxY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff96de771-7cd0-420b-aacb-e6c7062dca31_1080x1350.heic" width="1080" height="1350" 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff96de771-7cd0-420b-aacb-e6c7062dca31_1080x1350.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoxY!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff96de771-7cd0-420b-aacb-e6c7062dca31_1080x1350.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoxY!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff96de771-7cd0-420b-aacb-e6c7062dca31_1080x1350.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoxY!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff96de771-7cd0-420b-aacb-e6c7062dca31_1080x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Leitor de Malcom X e Fanon</h4><p>Enquanto trocamos impress&#245;es sobre a dureza das ruas de SP, Ant&#244;nio mostra sua leitura do momento: o livro "Os condenados da Terra&#8221;, do fil&#243;sofo decolonial <strong>Frantz Fanon</strong>, ativista conhecido por suas teses sobre psicopatologia da coloniza&#231;&#227;o. &#8220;Quando li a biografia do Macolm X, vi que ele leu Frantz Fanon. Ent&#227;o resolvi ver como era a literatura desse cara. Estou gostando muito&#8221;, resumiu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2emN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2emN!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2emN!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2emN!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2emN!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2emN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic" width="1080" height="1350" 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/__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2emN!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2emN!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2emN!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb20e4805-f11d-46df-b30f-c1a11a593e13_1080x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Aprender com quem tem pouco</h4><p>A li&#231;&#227;o mais preciosa desse encontro foi perceber o quanto podemos aprender quando nos despimos de preconceitos em rela&#231;&#227;o a pessoas que resistimos a manter alguma proximidade, em particular aqueles que perambulam pelas ruas e avenidas das grandes cidades brasileiras. Nunca aprenderia tantas coisas novas e interessantes se n&#227;o tivesse tido o privil&#233;gio de cruzar o caminho de algu&#233;m como Barbosa. Suas impress&#245;es sobre a vida, a simplicidade no olhar, nos gestos e a bondade no seu cora&#231;&#227;o est&#227;o ali expostas. Ele vivendo no limite da indignidade humana.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i49!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F381ad3b4-d5c8-451f-a384-d0f0f12ab382_1080x1350.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i49!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F381ad3b4-d5c8-451f-a384-d0f0f12ab382_1080x1350.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i49!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i49!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F381ad3b4-d5c8-451f-a384-d0f0f12ab382_1080x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>O que a simplicidade nos ensina</h4><p>Ao final da conversa, eu e Ant&#244;nio nos abra&#231;amos, nos cumprimentamos e dei de presente a ele uma pequena lembran&#231;a de escritor para leitor: um exemplar de um dos meus tr&#234;s livros de literatura infantil - que ele naturalmente reconheceu da vers&#227;o dos <strong>Irm&#227;os Grimm</strong>. Fizemos uma foto juntos. Combinei de trazer outros livros para ele quando tiver uma nova oportunidade de encontr&#225;-lo em algum lugar da cidade.</p><p>Esse &#233; o tipo de acontecimento casual que nos aquece o cora&#231;&#227;o e nos faz pensar que a simplicidade e a bondade podem estar em qualquer lugar, principalmente quando menos esperamos. Registro aqui o meu agradecimento a essa criatura t&#227;o simples quanto verdadeira nos seus gestos de leitor, de ser humano e de pessoa digna.</p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[#Episódio 53 - He-Man humilhado no cinema?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Assista agora | Um filme que mexe com mem&#243;rias afetivas dos anos 1980, mas que deixa a desejar pela forma como o personagem principal foi apresentado, com lacunas em transi&#231;&#245;es de &#233;pocas e outras coisas bem estranhas]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-53-he-man-humilhado-no-cinema</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-53-he-man-humilhado-no-cinema</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 20:25:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/203300694/ed2fcb743dec4f00ded97701e4f5f75b.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>A vers&#227;o 2026 de </span><strong><span>Mestres do Universo</span></strong><span>, que conta a saga do personagem </span><strong><span>He-Man</span></strong><span>, sugere que os produtores, dire&#231;&#227;o e roteiristas parecem ter aprendido pouco com o live-action lan&#231;ado em 1987 - um fracasso retumbante de p&#250;blico e de cr&#237;tica. Pelo menos duas coisas no roteiro deixam o filme atual meio insosso e aparentemente sem rumo: o He-Man &#233; excessivamente trapalh&#227;o e a hist&#243;ria se perde focando muito na vida dele na Terra, quando os espectadores esperavam mais aventuras do her&#243;i no reino de </span><strong><span>Et&#233;rnia</span></strong><span>. Ficaram muito vagas as transi&#231;&#245;es entre a vida do garotinho (pr&#237;ncipe Adam) e o jovem nerd (Adam), funcion&#225;rio do RH de uma empresa qualquer nos Estados Unidos de 2026.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUsn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd08a5a93-9df7-43bc-9594-7c026cdb3ac3_1089x490.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUsn!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd08a5a93-9df7-43bc-9594-7c026cdb3ac3_1089x490.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUsn!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd08a5a93-9df7-43bc-9594-7c026cdb3ac3_1089x490.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUsn!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd08a5a93-9df7-43bc-9594-7c026cdb3ac3_1089x490.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUsn!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd08a5a93-9df7-43bc-9594-7c026cdb3ac3_1089x490.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUsn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd08a5a93-9df7-43bc-9594-7c026cdb3ac3_1089x490.heic" width="1089" height="490" 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUsn!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd08a5a93-9df7-43bc-9594-7c026cdb3ac3_1089x490.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong><span>He-Man e sua turma do desenho animado/Reprodu&#231;&#227;o</span></strong><span><br><br></span><strong><span>ESTRANHEZAS</span></strong><span> - A primeira das v&#225;rias esquisitices do filme, bancado pelos est&#250;dios associados </span><strong><span>Mattel/Escape Artists</span></strong><span>, &#233; tentar um infrut&#237;fero "di&#225;logo" com o p&#250;blico da chamada Gera&#231;&#227;o Z, ao apresentar o jovem </span><strong><span>Adam</span></strong><span> (futuro He-Man) como um cara sem no&#231;&#227;o de nada. O &#250;nico objetivo dele &#233; encontrar uma espada que perdeu quando veio de outro mundo, ao mesmo tempo em que ele sequer sabe para que serve tal objeto, concretamente.<br><br>Resumidamente, a estranheza toma conta dos espectadores quando, ao final dos primeiros minutos do filme, Adam - ent&#227;o um garoto de 10 anos - &#233; lan&#231;ado num t&#250;nel do tempo pela </span><strong><span>Feiticeira</span></strong><span> e reaparece como um cara de 25 anos, perdido num emprego meio fracassado, dividindo um apartamento com um amigo. Detalhe: ningu&#233;m desconfia que Adam &#233; &#243;rf&#227;o ou n&#227;o e sequer se sabe da hist&#243;ria dele, que sempre levam na piada, quando diz ter vindo de outro mundo e caiu numa cidade norte-americana qualquer.<br><br>Ficam muitas lacunas na transi&#231;&#227;o entre o garotinho que veio de Et&#233;rnia e a maneira como ele vive na Terra. Seu comportamento tamb&#233;m &#233; estranho, inclusive quando jogam o rapaz de volta para o Reino onde nasceu e ele aparece l&#225; vestido como um cara de escrit&#243;rio de 2026. Nada que conven&#231;a o espectador de que aquilo vai dar certo. E ningu&#233;m por l&#225;, obviamente, acredita que ele seja pr&#237;ncipe de coisa alguma. E nem se questiona como veio parar ali e o que veio fazer.<br><br>Ainda teve outro problema na configura&#231;&#227;o do personagem: Adam &#233; t&#227;o bobo e sem ideia de quem foi ou de quem &#233; que sua mem&#243;ria &#233; p&#233;ssima. Quando est&#225; diante das figuras do seu passado em Et&#233;rnia, o futuro her&#243;i praticamente n&#227;o se lembra direito de ningu&#233;m, mistura nomes, confunde tudo e mal tem for&#231;as para segurar a Espada do Poder - seu grande trunfo que o tornar&#225; He-Man outra vez (l&#225; na frente). <br><br>Na pr&#225;tica, o filme mostra um personagem meio "humilhado" - pelo menos se o par&#226;metro for o He-Man dos desenhos animados que fizeram sucesso no Brasil entre os anos de 1984 e 2021, quando foram exibidos centenas de epis&#243;dios da franquia em desenho animado, fizeram filme (o de 1987), bonecos, games, lan&#231;aram revista em quadrinhos e exploraram ao m&#225;ximo seu potencial comercial. <br><br></span><strong><span>LADO BOM</span></strong><span> - Por outro lado, o filme consegue desativar mem&#243;rias afetivas do p&#250;blico - que assistiu &#224; s&#233;rie desde os anos 1980 no Brasil -, arranca aplausos da plateia e mostra excelentes atua&#231;&#245;es de alguns dos vil&#245;es mais conhecidos da hist&#243;ria, principalmente o Esqueleto.<br><br>Outra coisa coisa foi a dublagem brasileira, que teve a excelente performance de </span><strong><span>Luis Carlos Percy</span></strong><span> na voz do </span><strong><span>Esqueleto</span></strong><span>, cuja tarefa foi substituir a cl&#225;ssica voz do saudoso </span><strong><span>Isaac Bardavi</span></strong><span>. Percy deu conta do recado e mexeu com o p&#250;blico ao reproduzir um tom de voz muito pr&#243;ximo daquele que caracterizou o principal vil&#227;o do filme. Suas gargalhadas, sua maneira sem escr&#250;pulos de tratar os capangas e suas gags mais tradicionais est&#227;o todas na voz de Persy.<br><br>A pel&#237;cula melhora um pouco quando, finalmente, Adam recobra a mem&#243;ria e descobre que ele tem o poder da espada m&#225;gica que tanto procurou desde a inf&#226;ncia, ao voltar para Et&#233;rnia, libertar seu mundo, seus amigos e seus pais.<br><br>&#201; um filme que vale a pena a ver por conta de mem&#243;rias afetivas. Todavia, poderia ser melhor se os produtores tivessem se concentrado na vida em Et&#233;rnia. He-Man e a Terra parecem n&#227;o combinar muito, apesar do esfor&#231;o que fizeram para fisgar a Gera&#231;&#227;o Z neste remake.</span></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[40 anos sem Jorge Luís Borges]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ou&#231;a agora | Novo programa "TV de Bolso" no ar: lembran&#231;a dos 40 anos da morte do escritor argentino Jorge Lu&#237;s Borges, um dos g&#234;nios liter&#225;rios do s&#233;culo XX - gancho pra falar de livrarias e bibliotecas no Brasil.]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/40-anos-sem-jorge-luis-borges</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/40-anos-sem-jorge-luis-borges</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 03:06:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/202377535/c0231ea6ca084424568f9cb2506f42d0.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Na edi&#231;&#227;o da TV de Bolso que entra no ar nesta ter&#231;a-feira (16/6) , o primeiro destaque vai para os 40 anos da morte do escritor argentino Jorge Lu&#237;s Borges (1899-1986), um dos grandes mestres do Realismo Fant&#225;stico do s&#233;culo XX. <br><br>A vasta e complexa obra de Borges, permeada por livros magn&#237;ficos como "O livro de areia" e diversos contos incr&#237;veis, s&#243; encontra paralelo em cria&#231;&#245;es como as de Gabriel Garc&#237;a M&#225;rquez e outros nomes da literatura universal. O escritor era apaixonado por livros, bibliotecas e livrarias - que para ele eram como "uma vis&#227;o do para&#237;so".<br><br>O programa - produzido e apresentado por Djair Galv&#227;o - usa como gancho a paix&#227;o de Borges pelas livrarias e bibliotecas para falar de uma mat&#233;ria do Nexo Jornal que traz dados mostrando onde ficam e quantas s&#227;o as bibliotecas p&#250;blicas e comunit&#225;rias no Brasil. E para surpresa de ningu&#233;m, a maioria fica na regi&#227;o Nordeste do pa&#237;s.<br><br>Os destaques seguintes ficam por conta de dicas de exposi&#231;&#245;es, de livros, mudan&#231;as na postura de governos da Su&#233;cia e da Inglaterra no tocante ao uso de redes sociais e fala at&#233; da inaugura&#231;&#227;o de uma livraria em Nova York dedicada exclusivamente aos audiobooks. Na pr&#225;tica, uma jogada da Amazon para testar o gosto dos leitores pelos livros digitais.<br><br>Tem tamb&#233;m a dica de livro desta edi&#231;&#227;o: uma saborosa colet&#226;nea de textos do jornalista e humorista portugu&#234;s Ricardo de Ara&#250;jo Pereira intitulada "Coisa que n&#227;o edifica e n&#227;o destr&#243;i" (publicado pela editora Tinta da China).<br><br>O programa ainda traz dicas de exposi&#231;&#227;o em homenagem &#224; escritora Ruth Rocha (Ita&#250; Cultural), a cria&#231;&#227;o do futuro Espa&#231;o Cultural do Nubank (no Conjunto Nacional, na Paulista), destaca o lan&#231;amento de um livro em. homenagem ao educador Paulo Freire (dia 27/6), 13h), no Plen&#225;rio da C&#226;mara Municipal de S&#227;o Paulo. E n&#227;o deixa de mencionar o novo &#225;lbum p&#243;stumo do cantor e compositor mineiro L&#244; Borges, que j&#225; est&#225; nas plataformas de streaming. Por fim, chama o p&#250;blico para conhecer uma <span>exposi&#231;&#227;o</span> no Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil (CCBB) de SP.<br><br>Ou seja, muita informa&#231;&#227;o para voc&#234; curtir no universo da Cultura, com sele&#231;&#227;o feita em fontes diversificadas.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Segue o debate sobre leitura x performance]]></title><description><![CDATA[Em transmiss&#227;o ao vivo, teci mais coment&#225;rios sobre um assunto bem atual: o crescente n&#250;mero de pessoas exibindo livros e mais livros nas redes sociais. Seria performance apenas? Aumento de leitores?]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/segue-o-debate-sobre-leitura-x-performance</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/segue-o-debate-sobre-leitura-x-performance</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2026 14:36:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8FGI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F033b6f67-f8c4-4748-a3e4-8eddf575d302_1536x1024.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8FGI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F033b6f67-f8c4-4748-a3e4-8eddf575d302_1536x1024.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8FGI!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F033b6f67-f8c4-4748-a3e4-8eddf575d302_1536x1024.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8FGI!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F033b6f67-f8c4-4748-a3e4-8eddf575d302_1536x1024.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8FGI!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8FGI!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F033b6f67-f8c4-4748-a3e4-8eddf575d302_1536x1024.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>O volume crescente de pessoas exibindo pilhas e mais pilhas de livros nas redes sociais &#233; um fen&#244;meno real de impulso da leitura e do seu crescimento como ferramenta de conhecimento ou &#233; uma onda passageira e perform&#225;tica? As pessoas nas redes distorcem o real sentido do ato de ler? Quest&#245;es como essas agitam o mundo acad&#234;mico e s&#227;o v&#225;lidas. As respostas, talvez, n&#227;o caibam em uma &#250;nica resposta. Vamos ao papo! Assista ao v&#237;deo abaixo!</p><div id="youtube2-vtFXCt4lv3s" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;vtFXCt4lv3s&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/vtFXCt4lv3s?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A leitura como extensão do humano]]></title><description><![CDATA[Assista agora | Quando se critica a onda de performance no universo leitor, o escritor fala do seu lugar de cria&#231;&#227;o e leitura, cita observa&#231;&#245;es de especialistas sobre o ato de ler e mostra sua rela&#231;&#227;o com os livros]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/a-leitura-como-extensao-do-humano</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/a-leitura-como-extensao-do-humano</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 20:18:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/201791346/2f847ce17ed6fe6a3169b661917ace42.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Por meio de pequenas interven&#231;&#245;es em um dos meus ambientes de leitura prediletos, falo nesse filminho - lan&#231;ado pela <strong>Palha&#231;&#227;o Azul Editora</strong> - sobre o ato de ler como um prop&#243;sito que deve ser levado para toda a vida. Que ningu&#233;m tira de voc&#234; quando isso se materializa em conhecimento e em pr&#225;tica de transforma&#231;&#227;o interna, pessoal ou profissional. <strong>Ler como uma extens&#227;o do humano.</strong><br><br>Refor&#231;o isso ao citar passagens conhecidas de autores, especialistas e educadores que observam na leitura um poder transformador - que &#233; real - e que vai muito al&#233;m do que se critica na atualidade: a transforma&#231;&#227;o dos livros, das bibliotecas, das feiras de livros e eventos liter&#225;rios em universos de &#8220;performance&#8221;. Mostrar que se &#233; leitor para que outros vejam em voc&#234; uma suposta aura intelectual.</p><h3><strong>Quanto mais leitores/as, melhor</strong></h3><p>N&#227;o se trata de criticar o saud&#225;vel crescimento projetado pelo ambiente das redes sociais. Pelo contr&#225;rio: &#233; louv&#225;vel ver leitores e leitoras brotando de todos os lugares, enchendo eventos liter&#225;rios, livrarias e disputando livros numa avidez como h&#225; muito n&#227;o se via no Brasil. Isso aproxima mais e mais pessoas do livro e amplia nossa base leitora. Apenas se observa que existe uma &#237;nfima parcela de pessoas que usa esse momento para "<em>performar</em>&#8221;, mas isso &#233; problema de cada um.</p><h3>Desmistificar a experi&#234;ncia leitora</h3><p>Para desmistificar isso, falo da minha experi&#234;ncia enquanto leitor, escritor, professor e jornalista. Lan&#231;o um olhar particular de quem &#233; fruto desse processo de letramento e admira&#231;&#227;o pelos livros e pelo conhecimento, e n&#227;o pelo mero processo de mostrar por mostrar o que se est&#225; lendo. E que se espraia atualmente em multiplataformas, e nem por isso perde seu brilho, seu encanto - e pode ser entendido como ainda mais amplo.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h3>&#8220;Penso nos livros como ref&#250;gio ao caos informacional, acrescentando a isso o aprendizado, a divers&#227;o, a curiosidade, a criatividade, a alegria, o contentamento, e o prazer de sentir suas p&#225;ginas fluirem&#8221;.</h3></div><h3>Encontro com o Autor</h3><p>Sou autor de tr&#234;s livros de literatura infantil, dispon&#237;veis no cat&#225;logo da <a href="http://www.palhacaoazuleditora.com.br">Palha&#231;&#227;o Azul Editora</a>. Outro ambiente que me apraz na condi&#231;&#227;o de escritor &#233; partilhar dessas experi&#234;ncias em escolas, universidades e encontros liter&#225;rios por meio do projeto <strong>Encontro com o Autor,</strong> que realizo pelo Brasil j&#225; faz algum tempo, e que agora se amplia para outras cidades.</p><p><strong>Veja abaixo como agendar uma visita do autor &#224; sua escola.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2ztP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f1e3070-73af-4404-a3c7-5942d6e317bb_1254x1254.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2ztP!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2ztP!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f1e3070-73af-4404-a3c7-5942d6e317bb_1254x1254.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>O pequeno filme que coloquei no ar faz parte de uma singela campanha lan&#231;ada pelo meu selo editorial, que prop&#245;e essa reflex&#227;o sobre o ato de ler.<br><br>Veja o filminho e opine sobre o conte&#250;do!</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Outra Macondo em A Cabeça do Santo]]></title><description><![CDATA[Com pitadas de realismo fant&#225;stico, obra de Socorro Acioli remete ao mundo de Garcia M&#225;rquez, mostrando em um universo bem brasileiro personagens que parecem sa&#237;dos da lend&#225;ria cidade do cl&#227; Buend&#237;a]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/outra-macondo-em-a-cabeca-do-santo</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/outra-macondo-em-a-cabeca-do-santo</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 20:47:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic" width="1408" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1408,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:209987,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Imagem criada com Google Gemin&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://djairgalvao.substack.com/i/201344569?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Imagem criada com Google Gemin" title="Imagem criada com Google Gemin" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_424, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_848, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RoLh!, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/djairgalvao.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff471e8c-a62b-480a-aa2c-61aa6366448e_1408x768.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 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O sofrimento, as dores dos personagens, seus encontros e desencontros, o ir e vir e os in&#250;meros acontecimentos mirabolantes n&#227;o poderiam acontecer fora do submundo do realismo fant&#225;stico. A cidade de <strong>Candeia</strong>, onde a trama se concentra, me parece outra Macondo. Socorro faz essa m&#225;gica diante dos nossos olhos. E funciona muito bem, a come&#231;ar por caracter&#237;sticas dos que vivem naquele universo, no interior do Cear&#225;.</p><p>O personagem <strong>Samuel</strong>, por exemplo, lida com incont&#225;veis pedidos de mulheres pelas b&#234;n&#231;&#227;os do santo casamenteiro  - e estes passam a atorment&#225;-lo dentro da cabe&#231;a oca de Santo Ant&#244;nio. A autora faz quest&#227;o de mostrar o protagonista como uma figura confusa depois que este descobre o estranho dom de &#8220;ouvir preces de mulheres" - justo na cabe&#231;a do santo. Em Macondo, <strong>Jos&#233; Arcadio</strong> tem uma mente pra l&#225; de f&#233;rtil, embora sua sagacidade seja a de um l&#237;der que sonha alto e vive muito al&#233;m do seu tempo. Samuel, o despossu&#237;do, sequer tem sonhos, mas a descoberta dos seus &#8220;poderes&#8221; abre fronteiras que ele sequer imaginava existirem. &#201; a&#237; que parte da magia acontece: quando ambos viram seres al&#233;m da imagina&#231;&#227;o, cada um a seu modo.</p><p>Outro aspecto curioso &#233; que Socorro Acioli faz do garoto <strong>Francisco</strong>, primeiro amigo de Samuel dentro da cabe&#231;a do santo, uma criatura que lembra, ainda que bem de longe, o cigano <strong>Melqu&#237;ades</strong>, que levava a Macondo as &#250;ltimas novidades do mundo. Na caso da narrativa que se passa em Candeia, Francisco leva as boas-novas ditadas pelo homem que tinha o poder de ouvir as preces das mulheres cujo desejo era arrumar casamento e tinham no santo sua &#250;ltima inst&#226;ncia. Melqu&#237;ades fazia neg&#243;cios com o ing&#234;nuo e inventivo l&#237;der da fam&#237;lia Buend&#237;a. Francisco faz o mesmo com pessoas humildes, s&#243; que enganando meio mundo de miser&#225;veis. Melqu&#237;ades tem uma certa &#233;tica, ao perceber que Jos&#233; Arcadio ultrapassa todos os limites da loucura e da imagina&#231;&#227;o, e que isso pode levar a fam&#237;lia Buend&#237;a &#224; fome.</p><p>A busca das mulheres pelo matrim&#244;nio, no romance de Socorro Acioli, remete a um tempo e a uma realidade que n&#227;o encontram paralelo em sociedades &#8220;avan&#231;adas" ou com direitos consolidados. S&#227;o o eco de um tempo. A av&#243; de Samuel, figura estranha e com poderes supostamente sobrenaturais, ensaia comportamento de bruxas milenares, que a literatura n&#227;o precisa explicar o que levou a autora a lan&#231;ar m&#227;o desse recurso. Ele existe para ampliar o poder m&#225;gico da narrativa. N&#227;o faria sentido explicar algo que n&#227;o cabe numa trama. E que, de certo modo, a desvirtuaria.</p><p>J&#225; o prefeito corrupto e desleixado com a realidade local - que vive em outra cidade &#8220;porque Candeia &#233; amaldi&#231;oada e sem futuro&#8221;, esse sim, sempre existiu no imagin&#225;rio politico popular, e tem um qu&#234; de atual na hist&#243;ria. Completa a lista de figuras soturnas e malandras um radialista que v&#234; a oportunidade de ganhar dinheiro com os poderes m&#225;gicos de Samuel e as ast&#250;cias de Francisco. O vig&#225;rio local tamb&#233;m &#233; parte desse microcosmo que assiste e participa de tudo, mesmo que o senso contrarie os mandamentos. Desde que entre dinheiro para a par&#243;quia.</p><p>Candeia, por sua vez, tinha tudo para n&#227;o servir para nada al&#233;m de uma terra desgra&#231;ada, pobre e in&#250;til. Com a chegada de Samuel e a descoberta dos seus poderes m&#225;gicos, tudo muda e ressurge como uma nova cidade, com tudo o que o consumismo pode ter. Com coisas boas e desvios. A refer&#234;ncia, no caso, n&#227;o cabe no universo de Gabo em Macondo, que permanece no atraso por todo o sempre, embora Candeia seja v&#237;tima da pr&#243;pria prosperidade, como era de se esperar de uma terra que havia morrido e volta do nada - e passa a atrair toda sorte de aventureiros e trapaceiros.</p><h3>Influ&#234;ncia direta de Gabo</h3><p>Esse tipo de narrativa tem a influ&#234;ncia direta do estilo do escritor colombiano, j&#225; que o romance, segundo a autora, foi bolado no formato inicial de um conto, durante um curso ministrado por Garcia M&#225;rquez (o Gabo), em Cuba, no long&#237;quo ano de 2006, e que anos depois ganhou sua forma atual.</p><p>Candeia &#233; um pouco disso tudo, de outros modos, com outras pessoas, outra realidade. J&#225; Macondo, o mundo que d&#225; base ao romance <strong>Cem Anos de Solid&#227;o</strong>, de Garcia M&#225;rquez, &#233; um territ&#243;rio fant&#225;stico onde se desenrola uma longa trama familiar. O local foi fundado num numa mata praticamente inacess&#237;vel &#224; dita civiliza&#231;&#227;o, no meio do nada, por Jos&#233; Arcadio Buend&#237;a e &#218;rsula Iguar&#225;n.</p><p>Personagens aparentemente laterais da hist&#243;ria de Socorro Acioli trazem lendas africanas, vozes de outros mundos distantes de Candeia e conecta isso tudo a um pequeno peda&#231;o de terra no interior do estado do Cear&#225;. De certa maneira, &#233; uma demonstra&#231;&#227;o da autora de compet&#234;ncia narrativa colhida na fonte de um dos maiores romancistas do s&#233;culo XX.</p><h3>Como conheci o livro</h3><p>Desde que me falaram a primeira vez desse livro de <strong>Socorro Acioli</strong>, adiei sua leitura por estar com uma fileira de livros bem atrasada, e a obra &#224;quela altura sequer fazia parte das que pegaram a senha. Por obra do acaso, acabei topando com ele numa livraria em que fui participar do lan&#231;amento de outro livro. Comprei, comecei a folhear ainda numa cafeteria ali perto e veio a loucura: terminei em menos de uma semana. Isso porque segurei a leitura para sorver melhor a hist&#243;ria.</p><p>Foi um livro que me prendeu do come&#231;o ao fim. N&#227;o precisei ir e voltar, como foi o caso da leitura complexa e demorada de <strong>Cem Anos de Solid&#227;o</strong>, do Gabo, que quase todo leitor ou leitora j&#225; confessou ter sido obrigado a ler e reler diversos trechos para n&#227;o perder o fio e entender a longa trama da fam&#237;lia Buend&#237;a nas terras de Macondo.</p><h3>Por que recomendo a leitura</h3><p>&#201; uma leitura que recomendo por essas e outras refer&#234;ncias. No mais, Socorro Acioli provou que domina o poder narrativo de forma a envolver leitores e leitoras, fazendo rir, emocionando e cutucando velhos preceitos e preconceitos acerca dos pequenos universos Brasil afora. &#201; uma del&#237;cia de leitura para todos os que gostam de algo realmente bem brasileiro, mas com pitadas de outros grandes romances.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Dicas culturais da nova edição da TVB]]></title><description><![CDATA[Assista agora | Na edi&#231;&#227;o da TV de Bolso de 3 de junho, destaque para a Bienal do Livro 2026, a Flip, a Flipo&#231;os 2027, indica&#231;&#227;o de livros, exposi&#231;&#245;es para adultos e crian&#231;as na capital paulista e outras da cultura]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/dicas-culturais-da-nova-edicao-da</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/dicas-culturais-da-nova-edicao-da</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 02:06:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/200549018/72a545f6de469354dfe049306c52a00c.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Est&#225; no ar a di&#231;&#227;o da <strong>TV de Bolso</strong> do dia 3 de junho de 2026, com destaque para o andamento dos preparativos da <strong>Bienal do Livro de SP</strong>, que acontece em setembro deste ano. Fala do in&#237;cio do credenciamento para escritores, professores, pessoal do mundo livreiro e influenciadores da &#225;rea.<br><br>O programa tamb&#233;m traz uma dica muito legal sobre biblioteca com acervo gratuito de centenas de livros  (no drive) sobre cinema, dire&#231;&#227;o, roteiro, televis&#227;o, edi&#231;&#227;o e diversas facetas do audiovisual. <strong>Acesse pelo seguinte link: </strong>https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1b8nOXYJiSCrw2ReqjSUf2_hmrhNH8J0H<br><br>Outra informa&#231;&#227;o desta edi&#231;&#227;o diz respeito &#224;s feiras liter&#225;rias <strong>Flipo&#231;os 2027</strong> (de Po&#231;os de Caldas, em MG) e a <strong>Flip</strong>, que acontece em Paraty em julho deste ano. Muita movimenta&#231;&#227;o no mundo liter&#225;rio. Tem tamb&#233;m o programa do governo federal para o livro no per&#237;odo 2026-2036 e a dica de livro do programa, que traz <strong>Norman Filkenstein</strong> e sua complexa e pol&#234;mica obra "<strong>A ind&#250;stria do Holocausto</strong>", publicada pela editora <strong>Autonomia Liter&#225;ria</strong>.<br><br>A TV de Bolso destaca as exposi&#231;&#245;es sobre o universo negro da Bahia a partir do projeto <strong>ZUMV&#205;</strong> e o acervo que mostra a luta de <strong>Laudelina Mello</strong> pelos direitos das trabalhadoras dom&#233;sticas no Brasil - ambas no <strong>Instituto Moreira Salles</strong>, na capital paulista. Tem mais dicas de outras exposi&#231;&#245;es em na cidade de S&#227;o Paulo e do <strong>Festival de M&#250;sica da R&#225;dio Nacional</strong>.<br><br>Ou seja, muita informa&#231;&#227;o e dicas de atividades culturais selecionadas de diversas fontes pelo jornalista e escritor <strong>Djair Galv&#227;o</strong>, que produz e apresenta o programa.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[#Episódio 52 - Cordéis que inspiraram Ariano Suassuna]]></title><description><![CDATA[Muito do que o dramaturgo e escritor Ariano Suassuna criou, teve como inspira&#231;&#227;o a literatura de cordel. Neste epis&#243;dio, os personagens Jo&#227;o Grilo e Canc&#227;o de Fogo, tipos recorrentes na obra de Ariano]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-52-cordeis-que-inspiraram</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-52-cordeis-que-inspiraram</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 16:51:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/199999273/afefa8e5c1e9d70cf66f64f7d8c2da12.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>O personagem mais conhecido da pe&#231;a <strong>O Auto da Compadecida</strong>, de <strong>Ariano Suassuna</strong>, teve como inspira&#231;&#227;o a literatura de cordel, particularmente uma cria&#231;&#227;o do poeta pernambucano <strong>Jo&#227;o Ferreira de Lima</strong>. O astuto sertanejo <strong>Jo&#227;o Grilo</strong>, que ganhou as telas de cinema com a fama de mentiroso, foi o tema do folheto <strong>Proezas de de Jo&#227;o Grilo</strong>, publicado por <strong>Jo&#227;o Ferreira</strong> no final dos anos 1940.<br><br>Neste epis&#243;dio, o jornalista e escritor <strong>Djair Galv&#227;o</strong> tece considera&#231;&#245;es sobre o cordel acima, que se tornou um cl&#225;ssico e ganhou relevo quando foi retratado no teatro do dramaturgo e escritor paraibano Ariano Suassuna, no Auto da Compadecida. E ganhou fama nacional ao virar filme, com recente continua&#231;&#227;o, pelas m&#227;os do diretor Guel Arraes.<br><br>No mesmo epis&#243;dio, o folheto sobre <strong>Jo&#227;o Grilo</strong> divide espa&#231;o com outra cria&#231;&#227;o do cordelista paraibano <strong>Leandro Gomes de Barros</strong>, considerado um pa&#237;s desse tipo de g&#234;nero liter&#225;rio brasileiro. O personagem retrato por Leandro &#233; um t&#237;pico trapaceiro, que atende pelo apelido de <strong>Canc&#227;o de Fogo</strong>.Tanto Jo&#227;o Grilo quanto Canc&#227;o de Fogo (o cordel comentado aqui &#233; <strong>Vida e testamento de Canc&#227;o de Fogo</strong>) foram personagens que inspiraram Ariano em sua obra.<br><br><strong>PORTA DE ENTRADA PARA A LEITURA</strong> - <strong>Djair Galv&#227;o</strong> aproveita o epis&#243;dio para relatar sua experi&#234;ncia com a leitura desses folhetos ainda nos tempos de crian&#231;a, que serviram como uma das suas portas de entrada para o universo leitor e o aprendizado sobre cultura popular.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[TV de Bolso - Estreia da Tela Brasil]]></title><description><![CDATA[A nova edi&#231;&#227;o da TV de Bolso traz em destaque a estreia da plataforma de streaming Tela Brasil, que ocorre neste s&#225;bado (30). Tem tamb&#233;m exposi&#231;&#245;es, shows, livros, pesquisas e curiosidades da Cultura]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/tv-de-bolso-estreia-da-tela-brasil</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/tv-de-bolso-estreia-da-tela-brasil</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 30 May 2026 04:10:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/199827995/1247fbb8e0e074209feb94e5f2b7bbc7.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Em nova edi&#231;&#227;o, a <strong>TV de Bolso</strong> traz alguns dos muitos assuntos que movimentam a cultura em diversos lugares do Brasil. A produ&#231;&#227;o e apresenta&#231;&#227;o &#233; do jornalista e escritor <strong>Djair Galv&#227;o</strong>, que faz a sele&#231;&#227;o dos conte&#250;dos a partir de consulta a diversas fontes e perfis de divulga&#231;&#227;o cultural.</p><p>Dentre os destaques do programa, temos a estreia da plataforma de streaming <strong>Tela Brasil</strong>, iniciativa do <strong>Minist&#233;rio da Cultura (MinC)</strong> que visa democratizar e ampliar o acesso dos brasileiros ao cinema nacional. A <strong>Tela Brasil</strong> entra no ar neste s&#225;bado (30) e deve funcionar nos pr&#243;ximos 30 dias sem um aplicativo, mas rodando em equipamentos como smartphones, tablets, PCs e notebooks. Em breve, o MinC promete disponibilizar o aplicativo do novo canal.</p><p>A <strong>Tela Brasil</strong> come&#231;a com 560 filmes nacionais dispon&#237;veis a partir da sua estreia, com acesso 100% gratuito. Para assistir, o usu&#225;rio deve utilizar sua conta gov.br. <a href="https://telabrasil.cultura.gov.br/">Clique aqui para acessar o canal.</a></p><p><strong>MAIS DESTAQUES</strong> - A edi&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m destaca show dos cantores e compositores <strong>Zeca Baleiro e Vicente Barreto</strong> em SP; a exposi&#231;&#227;o do maior nome da produ&#231;&#227;o gr&#225;fico-visual do Jap&#227;o no CCBB Rio; o crescimento do n&#250;mero de leitores no Brasil, al&#233;m de trazer dica de livro e outros espet&#225;culos pelo pa&#237;s.</p><p>Acompanhe por aqui e nas demais plataformas.</p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[#Episódio 51 - Leitura de 'A chegada de Lampião no inferno']]></title><description><![CDATA[Assista agora | Um dos cord&#233;is mais conhecidos sobre a vida do 'Rei do Canga&#231;o', de 1938, ganha a interpreta&#231;&#227;o de quem entrou para o mundo liter&#225;rio com o aux&#237;lio de folhetos muito populares no interior do Nordeste]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-51-leitura-de-a-chegada</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/episodio-51-leitura-de-a-chegada</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 18:14:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/198742039/164490f14689864dc411b9cfd4a4a6e9.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Um dos cl&#225;ssicos da literatura de cordel brasileira, o folheto <strong>A chegada de Lampi&#227;o no inferno</strong>, do alagoano <strong>Jos&#233; Pacheco</strong>, foi publicado no calor da emboscada que dizimou <strong>Lampi&#227;o</strong> e v&#225;rios da sua tropa no interior de Sergipe, no ano de 1938. Muitas das express&#245;es utilizadas pelo autor s&#227;o carregadas de preconceito e formas de tratamento racistas, que &#224; &#233;poca ainda eram pouco questionadas at&#233; no universo acad&#234;mico. &#201; comum ver nesse tipo de literatura a redu&#231;&#227;o da figura do negro a bandoleiros e criminosos, e essa obra de Pacheco se utiliza largamente desse recurso, disfar&#231;ando-o de supostos "gracejos e brincadeiras" (de mau gosto).<br><br>A despeito disso, o cordelista em quest&#227;o est&#225; entre os que iniciaram a longa tradi&#231;&#227;o nordestina da exalta&#231;&#227;o e mitifica&#231;&#227;o da figura do "Rei do Canga&#231;o", Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, o Lampi&#227;o. No folheto ora interpretado pelo jornalista e escritor <strong>Djair Galv&#227;o</strong>, Jos&#233; Pacheco imagina como teria sido a chegada do maior fac&#237;nora dos sert&#245;es aos submundos de Satan&#225;s. Ele usa de humor e s&#225;tira, meio que refazendo o inferno como um mundo semelhante ao nosso, onde o cangaceiro, por suas maldades, sequer foi aceito.<br><br>A leitura deste folheto cl&#225;ssico &#233; um epis&#243;dio marcante do podcast, dedicado aos que curtem, estudam ou simplesmente admiram essa forma liter&#225;ria que formou gera&#231;&#245;es de nordestinos e foi a porta de entrada para o mundo liter&#225;rio para muitos pelos interiores do Brasil profundo.<br><br>Espero que gostem, comentem e compartilhem!</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Edição Especial da 'Virada Cultural' 2026]]></title><description><![CDATA[Assista agora | A Virada Cultural de S&#227;o Paulo de 2026 manteve o formato vigente desde 2016 e deve concentrar nomes badalados nas regi&#245;es centrais da cidade. O evento acontece entre os dias 23 e 24 de maio.]]></description><link>https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/edicao-especial-da-virada-cultural</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://djairgalvao.substack.com/p/edicao-especial-da-virada-cultural</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Djair Galvão]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 01:07:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/198496068/db0766283b20172e9f1f34e0a813e91d.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Programa especial da <strong>TV de Bolso </strong>traz a an&#225;lise do jornalista e escritor <strong>Djair Galv&#227;o</strong> sobre o maior evento cultural da cidade de S&#227;o Paulo: a <strong>Virada Cultural</strong> - que neste ano acontece entre os dias 23 e 24 de maio. S&#227;o 24 horas de eventos culturais em todas as regi&#245;es paulistanas, com Metr&#244;, trens e &#244;nibus funcionando direto at&#233; o final da Virada. <br><br>Al&#233;m de destacar alguns shows programados para este ano, o apresentador levanta um dos pontos cr&#237;ticos desta mobiliza&#231;&#227;o em torno da Cultura na cidade: o formato da Virada ainda d&#225; margem a concentra&#231;&#227;o, principalmente em bairros mais centrais, dos eventos que atraem o grande p&#250;blico, como as maiores bandas, cantores, cantoras e artistas consagrados. Isso provoca um deslocamento de pessoas das regi&#245;es perif&#233;ricas para os bairros centrais, enquanto esses mesmos nomes de peso poderiam se apresentar nas franjas da cidade, indo diretamente ao p&#250;blico dos bairros mais distantes do Centro.<br><br>&#201; fato que essa concentra&#231;&#227;o ainda ocorre, mesmo ap&#243;s o formato da <strong>Virada Cultural</strong> n&#227;o ser o mesmo do seu in&#237;cio, em 2005. Esse tipo de programa&#231;&#227;o &#233; fruto de uma decis&#227;o pol&#237;tica da Prefeitura e dos &#243;rg&#227;os municipais respons&#225;veis pela realiza&#231;&#227;o deste que &#233;, sem d&#250;vida, o maior evento de massas realizado at&#233; hoje em S&#227;o Paulo.<br><br>Que a <strong>Virada Cultural</strong> deste ano seja em paz e traga bons ares. Afinal, somente a Cultura nos salva!</p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>