<script data-pm-proxy="intercept"></script><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Hanna's Substack]]></title><description><![CDATA[I write about nutrition, especially about fat and the history of margarine.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q113!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89c23275-9c9f-45a5-84f0-37fd83b01156_144x144.png</url><title>Hanna&apos;s Substack</title><link>https://haanes.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 20:11:36 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="/__u/haanes.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[haanes@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[haanes@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[haanes@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[haanes@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[The world does not need farmed salmon]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sardines and other small wild fish are nutritious food, yet they are used to make feed pellets for farmed salmon. Protein and omega-3 fatty acids are lost in the process.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/the-world-does-not-need-farmed-salmon</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/the-world-does-not-need-farmed-salmon</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 14:37:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>More food would be available to the world&#8217;s population if the salmon-farming industry reduced less wild-caugt fish to pellets.</p><p>&#8220;But the world needs food!&#8221; This sentence has been going round and round in my head ever since I attended the presentation of the Fish Health Report in Oslo, Norway, last year. All the health problems affecting farmed salmon were presented, from viruses to lice, but were excused with the argument that &#8220;the world needs food, and we must be a world leader&#8221;, as Norway&#8217;s Minister of Fisheries and Ocean Policy, Marianne Sivertsen N&#230;ss, put it, according to my notes from the meeting organised by Altinget.</p><p>The message seems to be that Norway must produce as much farmed salmon as possible because the world needs food. Can this really be true?</p><h3><strong>Norway is a small aquaculture nation</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="1080" height="726" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:726,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;sardines in can on table&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;sardines in can on table&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="sardines in can on table" title="sardines in can on table" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><span>Photo by </span><a href="https://unsplash.com/@monicore">Monika Stawowy</a><span> on </span><a href="https://unsplash.com/">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p><em>Why feed salmon with sardines and other food fish? Omega-3 fatty acids and protein are lost in the process.</em></p><p>It is true that aquaculture is important to global food production. Altogether, 131 million tonnes of seafood are produced in aquaculture each year. Most is produced in freshwater in Asia, particularly in China. Norway is a small aquaculture producer. Between 2021 and 2023, Norway sold approximately 1.4 million tonnes of farmed salmon annually&#8212;only about one per cent of global aquaculture production.</p><p>The latest Norwegian government white paper, from 2024&#8211;2025, confirms that Norway accounts for a relatively small share of total global aquaculture production (p. 17). Nevertheless, the phrase &#8220;food for the world&#8221; is used, creating the impression that Norwegian aquaculture is important to the world. That is simply not true. But Norway is a major producer of one particular species: Atlantic salmon, which accounts for only a small proportion of global seafood production.</p><h3><strong>Feed from Antarctica and West Africa</strong></h3><p>The articles and reports I have reviewed have taught me a new term&#8212;&#8220;reduction fishing&#8221;. We could also call it &#8220;pellet fishing&#8221;. One example is the fishing for small pelagic fish off West Africa. These fish provide food for coastal communities. When trawlers catch these food fish and deliver them to the feed industry, the catch is reduced from food for people to pellets. The salmon is not sold in West Africa; it is transported by air to the world&#8217;s affluent middle classes. The coastal population of West Africa is left empty-handed.</p><p>In Gambia, clashes have occurred because overfishing contributes to increased poverty and migration. In Senegal, overfishing is causing many people to see migration to Europe as their only option.</p><p>Another important source of fish feed is the shoals of anchoveta off the coast of Peru. Juvenile fish are now being caught there, so the stock will continue to decline.</p><h3><strong>Salmon&#8212;the predatory fish</strong></h3><p>Salmon are predatory fish. They are not herbivores like carp, nor do they feed on plankton like mussels. Their feed must contain a proportion of fish to provide them with omega-3 fatty acids. Yet only half of these omega-3 fatty acids are transferred from wild food fish to farmed salmon.</p><p>Some soya can be added, and soya is now imported from Brazil to feed farmed salmon. But the soya must still be mixed with fish.</p><p>British researchers have examined Scottish salmon production. Using 2014 as an example, they found that nearly 180,000 tonnes of salmon were produced. The salmon required 33,000 tonnes of fish oil. To supply the salmon with fish oil containing omega-3 fatty acids, 460,000 tonnes of wild fish and 227,000 tonnes of fish trimmings were used.</p><p>This balance could become even worse as the oceans grow warmer. Both the oily anchoveta off Peru and other oily fish species will then produce less omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids remain liquid in cold water. In warmer water, fish do not need to produce as much. They adapt. Fish farmers will therefore have to use more fish and more pellets to ensure that farmed salmon receive enough omega-3.</p><h3><strong>A poor balance for protein and essential nutrients</strong></h3><p>Farmed salmon are rich in protein, I often hear. Yes, that is true, but approximately 72 per cent of the protein in the feed is lost before the salmon reaches the dinner table. In meat production, we know that pigs and cattle must be fed considerably more protein than is recovered as meat at the slaughterhouse. Unfortunately, the situation is not much better for salmon.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="1080" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;fish with onions and asparagus&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;fish with onions and asparagus&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="fish with onions and asparagus" title="fish with onions and asparagus" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><span>Photo by </span><a href="https://unsplash.com/@micheile">micheile henderson</a><span> on </span><a href="https://unsplash.com/">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p><em>Farmed salmon&#8212;often purchased by consumers among the well-fed middle classes of Europe, Asia and the Americas.</em></p><p>The world would obtain more protein and omega-3 fatty acids if the fish currently used to produce fish feed were allowed to remain in the sea, grow larger and be used directly as food, without first passing through a salmon&#8217;s stomach. The same applies to other nutrients, including vitamin B12 and the minerals selenium, zinc and iron. Only 10&#8211;30 per cent of these nutrients are transferred from feed to salmon. The figures look favourable only for vitamins A and D.</p><p>Salmon farming as practised by the industry today is therefore an inefficient way of producing food for the world. The fact that rainforest is cleared in Brazil to grow soya beans&#8212;the new feed for farmed salmon&#8212;does not make matters better.</p><h3><strong>How did the story of salmon-producing Norway arise?</strong></h3><p>I have not found the original source of the claim that Norway must produce salmon because the world needs food. However, several Norwegian government white papers have created this impression. It appears to be based on the old fairy tale of the &#8220;blue field&#8221; that we can continue harvesting for ever.</p><p>I turn to the white paper published nearly 15 years ago, in 2012&#8211;2013. It bears the boastful title <em>The World&#8217;s Foremost Seafood Nation</em>. A section of Chapter 3 points out that the world&#8217;s population is increasing and that providing enough food for everyone will therefore become a challenge. Fish of all kinds contributed an average of 16 per cent of the animal protein in the diet of the world&#8217;s population. The message was that farmed fish, too, is nutritious food.</p><p>There is no mention of salmon farming being an inefficient form of food production, or of the fact that Norwegian farmed salmon is bought by well-fed middle-class consumers in Europe, Asia and the Americas. These groups are, however, described as growing categories of affluent customers, for example in Brazil, China, India and Russia. Transport is cheap, so having customers in distant countries is not considered a major problem. Air-freight services are well developed.</p><p>Affluent consumers will demand responsibly produced food&#8212;in other words, salmon from Norway. Those with less money who are looking for cheaper food, can be offered processed salmon products.</p><p>The years since 2012 have shown that these plans have been realised.</p><h3><strong>Sustainable feed is not considered</strong></h3><p>The ten-year-old aquaculture white paper from 2014&#8211;2015 is entitled <em>Predictable and Environmentally Sustainable Growth in Norwegian Salmon and Trout Farming</em>. An introductory chapter emphasises how healthy farmed salmon is. The fact that people consume fewer fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids than health authorities recommend is used as an argument for producing more salmon.</p><p>A section on feed states that fish-feed manufacturers have an independent responsibility to document that their fishmeal and fish oil are produced from sustainably managed fish stocks, and that plant-based ingredients&#8212;that is, soya from Brazil&#8212;have been harvested sustainably. &#8220;Norwegian feed manufacturers should in any event be conscious of their responsibility and do what they can to ensure that they produce sustainable feed,&#8221; the white paper states.</p><p>&#8220;Access to feed and feed ingredients is nevertheless a global issue,&#8221; it continues. The text argues that there is little reason to assume that, for example, fishing for industrial species in the Pacific Ocean off Peru or soya harvesting in Brazil would decline if Norway reduced its salmon production. &#8220;It is therefore not appropriate for feed resources to be included in the authorities&#8217; assessment of capacity adjustments.&#8221;</p><p>In other words, neither rainforest clearance in Brazil nor fishing for endangered food fish is included in this white paper. Nevertheless, it adds: &#8220;Nor is there any doubt that access to feed may limit growth in the aquaculture industry in Norway and the rest of the world.&#8221; I interpret this to mean that the government is concerned about growth in the aquaculture industry, but not about the world&#8217;s food supply.</p><h3><strong>Sustainability and value creation hand in hand?</strong></h3><p>The most recent white paper, from 2024&#8211;2025, includes the food argument in its title: <em>Aquaculture of the Future: Sustainable Growth and Food for the World</em>. The white paper is about creating the greatest possible value for Norway&#8212;in other words, generating export revenue. It does not address sustainable feed or the depletion of wild food-fish resources because small fish are being turned into pellets.</p><p>Nor does it mention that many seabirds along the Norwegian coast are starving to death because there are too few sandeels and other small fish left in the sea. The trawlers have swept the waters clean. Neither does it discuss the highly controversial harvesting of krill in Antarctica. Norwegian and Chinese trawlers are leading the way. Trawlers from Russia, Ukraine, Chile and South Corea are also participating.</p><h3><strong>Can aquaculture be practised in other ways?</strong></h3><p>Today, 90 per cent of fishmeal and fish oil comes from fish that people could have eaten directly, such as sardines and anchovies.</p><p>Should we reject all salmon farming? No, it is not necessary to reduce farmed-salmon production to zero. The British researchers propose alternative approaches to aquaculture. Salmon production could be limited to what can be supported by fish trimmings and small quantities of wild fish that are unsuitable for human consumption. Consumers around the world could put mussels and carp on their plates in addition to salmon. Carp and mussels do not require wild food fish in their feed.</p><p>In Norwegian waters, mussel farming is the most viable option. Carp are not particularly well suited to Scottish and Norwegian conditions.</p><h3><strong>The benefits of changing course</strong></h3><p>When it comes to the greenhouse gas CO&#8322;, producing less salmon would bring an enormous benefit. Tonnes of CO&#8322; emissions could be avoided through less trawling, less reduction fishing in distant waters such as Antarctica and West Africa, and less air freight.</p><p>Producing one ton of edible mussel meat results in emissions of 127 kilograms of CO&#8322;. For salmon, the estimate is 2,400 kilograms. These figures are uncertain, but it is obvious that emissions are much higher for salmon than for mussels.</p><p>Another benefit of reduced salmon production would be considerably less fish faeces and fewer pellet residues in Norwegian fjords. Fewer salmon in the cages would also improve fish health, with less disease and lower mortality. The mortality is about 15 percent, meaning millions of fish are dying every year, according to the <a href="https://apps.vetinst.no/laksetap/">fish mortality statistics</a>.</p><p>There would also be benefits for food production. If we allowed 3.7 million tonnes of wild food fish to continue growing in the sea instead of catching them in reduction fisheries, global seafood production could increase considerably&#8212;by 6.1 million tonnes, according to the British researchers.</p><p>Let us be spared from hearing business leaders and politicians boast that salmon farming provides sustainable food for the world. The truth is the opposite: salmon farming reduces the amount of food available to the world.</p><h3><strong>Sources</strong></h3><p>Norwegian government white papers on aquaculture, available at regjeringen.no:</p><ul><li><p>2012&#8211;2013: <em><a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/435e99fc39b947d79ca929eff484ac75/no/pdfs/stm201220130022000dddpdfs.pdf">The World&#8217;s Foremost Seafood Nation</a>. </em></p></li><li><p>2014&#8211;2015: <em><a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld.-st.-16-2014-2015/id2401865/">Predictable and Environmentally Sustainable Growth in Norwegian Salmon and Trout Farming</a></em></p></li><li><p>2024&#8211;2025: <em><a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/havbruksmelding/id3097244/">Aquaculture of the Future: Sustainable Growth and Food for the World</a></em></p></li></ul><p><a href="https://apps.vetinst.no/laksetap/">Norwegian veterinary institute: statistics mortality</a></p><p>Willer, D. F., Robinson, J. P. W., Patterson, G. T. &amp; Luyckx, K. (2022). &#8220;Maximising sustainable nutrient production from coupled fisheries&#8211;aquaculture systems.&#8221; <em>PLOS Sustainability and Transformation</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000005">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000005</a></p><p>Roberts, S., Jacquet, J., Majluf, P. &amp; Hayek, M. N. (2024). &#8220;Feeding global aquaculture.&#8221; <em>Science Advances</em>, 10. <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.adn9698">https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.adn9698</a></p><p>&#8220;How the Galapagos of West Africa is plundered by floating fish factories.&#8221; <em>The Guardian</em>, 9 March 2026.</p><p>&#8220;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/migration-fishing-eu-spain-senegal-illegal-856720abdd7a6b612c3330b349997156">Foreign overfishing in Senegal fuels migration to Spain, a report finds</a>.&#8221; <em>Associated Press</em>, 31 May 2022; updated May 2025.</p><p>&#8220;<a href="https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/warming-seas-and-illegal-trawlers-threaten-west-africas-fishing-future-study-warns/">Warming seas and illegal trawlers threaten West Africa&#8217;s fishing future, study warns</a>.&#8221; <em>Mongabay</em>, 6 May 2025.</p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Verda må ikkje ha oppdrettslaks]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sardiner og anna vill sm&#229;fisk er god mat, men blir brukt til f&#244;rpellets for oppdrettslaks. Protein og omega-3-feittsyrer g&#229;r tapt p&#229; vegen. Det vil bli meir mat til verdas befolkning om laksen&#230;ringa brukar mindre sm&#229;fisk.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/verda-ma-ikkje-ha-oppdrettslaks</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/verda-ma-ikkje-ha-oppdrettslaks</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 11:59:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Men verden m&#229; jo ha mat! Denne setninga har svirra i hovudet mitt sidan eg var til stades d&#229; fiskehelserapporten vart lagt fram i fjor. All uhelsa blant oppdrettslaksen blei presentert, fr&#229; virus til lus, men unnskyldt med at &#171;Verden trenger mat, og vi m&#229; v&#230;re verdensledende&#187;, som fiskeri- og havminister Marianne Siversten N&#230;ss sa det, if&#248;lgje mine notatar fr&#229; m&#248;tet, arrangert av Altinget.</p><p>Bodskapen synest &#229; vere at Norge m&#229; produsere s&#229; mye oppdrettslaks som mogleg fordi verda treng mat. Kan dette stemme?</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3><strong><span>Norge er ein liten akvakulturnasjon</span></strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="5000" height="3361" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3361,&quot;width&quot;:5000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;sardines in can on table&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="sardines in can on table" title="sardines in can on table" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1547651060-98c120297170?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxM3x8c2FyZGluZXMlMkMlMjBib3h8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1OTI4Nzg3fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@monicore">Monika Stawowy</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p><em>Hvorfor gi sardiner og anna matfisk til laksen? Omega-3-feittsyrer og protein g&#229; tapt p&#229; vegen.</em></p><p><span>Det er sant at akvakultur er viktig for verdas matproduksjon. Samla sett blir det &#229;rleg produsert 131 millionar tonn sj&#248;mat i akvakultur. Mest sj&#248;mat fr&#229; akvakultur blir produsert i ferskvatn i Asia, s&#230;rleg Kina. Norge er ein liten oppdrettsnasjon. I 2021-2023 selde Norge &#229;rleg om lag 1,4 millionar tonn oppdrettslaks, alts&#229; berre om lag 1 prosent av global sj&#248;matoppdrett.</span></p><p><span>Den siste stortingsmeldinga fr&#229; 2024-2025 stadfestar at Norge st&#229;r for ein relativt liten del av samla global akvakulturproduksjon (s. 17). Likevel blir orda &#171;mat til verden&#187; brukt, noe som gir inntrykk av at norsk akvakultur er viktig for verda. Det er alts&#229; feil. Det Norge er stor p&#229;, er oppdrett av fiskearten atlantisk laks som utgjer ein liten del av verdas sj&#248;matproduksjon.</span></p><h3><strong>F&#244;r fr&#229; Antarktis og Vest-Afrika</strong></h3><p>Reduksjonsfiske. Artiklane og rapportene som eg har g&#229;tt gjennom, l&#230;rte meg eit nytt ord: reduksjonsfiske. Vi kan ogs&#229; kalle det pellettsfiske. Eit eksempel er fisket etter sm&#229;fisk utanfor Vest-Afrika. Dette er matfisk for kystbefolkninga. N&#229;r tr&#229;larar tar opp matfisken og leverer til f&#244;rindustrien, blir fangsten redusert fr&#229; matfisk til laksepellets. Laksen blir ikkje seld i Vest-Afrika, men blir frakta med fly til verdas velst&#229;ande middelklasse. Kystbefolkninga i Vest-Afrika blir st&#229;ande att tomhendt.</p><p><span>I Gambia har det vore samanst&#248;t fordi overfiske bidrar til auka fattigdom og migrasjon. I Senegal f&#248;rer overfiske til at mange ser utvandring til Europa som einaste moglegheit.</span></p><p><span>Ei anna viktig kjelde for fiskef&#244;ret er stimane med sm&#229;fisken anchoveta utanfor Peru. Her blir det no fiska p&#229; ungfisk. Bestanden vil derfor fortsette &#229; g&#229; ned.</span></p><h3><strong><span>Rovfisken laks</span></strong></h3><p><span>Laksen er ein rovfisk. Han er ikkje planteetar slik som karpe, og lever ikkje av plankton slik som bl&#229;skjel. Han m&#229; ha ein andel fisk i f&#244;ret for &#229; f&#229; omega-3-feittsyrer. Imidlertid blir berre halvparten av omega-3-feittsyrene overf&#248;rt fr&#229; vill matfisk til oppdrettslaks.</span></p><p><span>Ein del soya kan tilsetjast, og i dag blir det importert soya fr&#229; Brasil for &#229; f&#244;re opp laksen. Men soyaen m&#229; framleis vere blanda med fisk.</span></p><p><span>Britiske forskarar har teke for seg skotsk lakseproduksjon. Med 2014 som eksempel-&#229;r fann dei desse tala: n&#230;r 180 000 tonn laks vart produsert. Laksen m&#229;tte ha 33 000 tonn fiskeolje. Fiskeoljen med omega-3-feittsyrer fekk laksen fr&#229; 460 000 tonn villfisk og 227 000 tonn fiskeavskjer.</span></p><p><span>Denne rekneskapen kan bli end&#229; verre etter kvart som havet blir varmare. B&#229;de den feite ansjovetaen utanfor Peru og andre feite fiskeslag vil d&#229; produsere mindre omega-3-feittsyrer. Omega-3-feittsyrene er flytande i kaldt vatn. I varmare vatn treng ikkje fisken produsere like mye. Han tilpassar seg. Oppdrettarane m&#229; d&#229; bruke meir fisk og meir pellets for at oppdrettslaksen skal f&#229; nok omega-3.</span></p><h3><strong><span>D&#229;rleg rekneskap for protein og viktige n&#230;ringsstoff</span></strong></h3><p><span>Oppdrettslaksen er rik p&#229; protein, h&#248;yrer eg ofte. Ja, det er rett, men om lag 72 prosent av proteinet i f&#244;ret g&#229;tt tapt f&#248;r laksen ligg p&#229; middagsbordet. </span>N&#229;r det gjeld kj&#248;ttproduksjon veit vi at ein m&#229; f&#244;re grisen og oksen med mye meir protein enn det som kjem ut som kj&#248;tvekt p&#229; slakteriet. Dessverre er det ikkje stort betre med laks.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="5184" height="3456" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1560717845-968823efbee1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMHx8ZmFybWVkJTIwc2FsbW9ufGVufDB8fHx8MTc4NTkyNDM3MHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@micheile">micheile henderson</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p><em>Oppdrettslaks - ofte kj&#248;pt av forbrukarar i den velf&#248;dde middelklassa i Europa, Asia og Amerika.</em></p><p><span>Verda ville f&#229; meir protein og omega-3-feittsyrer dersom vi lot fisk som i dag g&#229;r til fiskef&#244;r, f&#229; leve vidare i havet, vekse seg st&#248;rre og bli brukt som matfisk utan &#229; g&#229; vegen om laksemagen. Det same gjeld andre n&#230;ringsstoff som vitamin B</span><sub><span>12</span></sub><span> og minerala selen, sink og jern. Andelen som blir overf&#248;rt fr&#229; f&#244;r til laks er her 10-30 prosent. Berre for vitamin A og D ser rekneskapen bra ut.</span></p><p><span>Alts&#229; er lakseoppdrett slik industrien driv i dag, lite effektiv n&#229;r det gjeld &#229; produsere mat for verda. At regnskog i Brasil blir hogge ned for &#229; produsere soyab&#248;nner, oppdrettslaksens nye f&#244;r, gjer det ikkje betre.</span></p><h3><strong><span>Korleis oppstod forteljinga om lakse-Norge?</span></strong></h3><p><span>Eg har ikkje funne den opprinnelege kjelda til forteljinga om at Norge m&#229; produsere laks fordi verda treng mat. Men dette er det gitt inntrykk av i fleire stortingsmeldingar. Dei baserer seg tilsynelatande p&#229; det gamle eventyret om den bl&#229; &#229;keren som vi kan hauste fr&#229; i all framtid.</span></p><p><span>Eg finn fram den snart 15 &#229;r gamle meldinga fr&#229; 2012-2013, ho har den skrytande tittelen &#171;Verdens fremste sj&#248;matnasjon</span><em><span>&#187;</span></em><span>. Eit avsnitt i kapittel tre viser til at verdas befolkning aukar, og det blir ei utfordring &#229; skaffe mat nok til alle. Fisk av alle slag bidrog i gjennomsnitt med 16 prosent av animalsk protein i kosten for verdas befolkning. Bodskapen: ogs&#229; oppdrettsfisk er bra mat.</span></p><p><span>Det st&#229;r ikkje noe om at lakseoppdrett er inneffektiv matproduksjon, og at dei som kj&#248;per norsk oppdrettslaks er velf&#248;dd middelklasse i Europa, Asia og Amerika. Men desse gruppene er nemnde som kj&#248;pesterke kundegrupper som veks, til d&#248;mes i Brasil, Kina, India og Russland. Transport er billeg, og det er derfor ikkje noe stort problem med kj&#248;parar i fjerntliggande land. Flyfrakt er godt utbygd.</span></p><p><span>Forbrukarar med god r&#229;d vil ettersp&#248;rje forsvarleg produsert mat, det vil seie laks fr&#229; Norge. Dei som ikkje har like god r&#229;d og som er p&#229; jakt etter billegare mat, kan f&#229; tilbod om bearbeida lakseprodukt.</span></p><p><span>Dei &#229;ra som har g&#229;tt sidan 2012 viser at planane har sl&#229;tt til.</span></p><h3><strong><span>Sp&#248;rsm&#229;l om berekraftig f&#244;r blir ikkje vurdert</span></strong></h3><p><span>Den ti &#229;r gamle havbruksmeldinga fr&#229; 2014-2016 har tittelen &#171;Forutsigbar og milj&#248;messig berekraftig vekst i norsk lakse- og &#248;rretoppdrett&#187;</span><em><span>. </span></em><span>Her viser eit innleiande kapittel til kor sunn oppdrettslaksen er. Det at folk f&#229;r i seg mindre fiskefeittsyrer enn det helsemyndigheitene tilr&#229;r, blir brukt som eit argument for at vi m&#229; produsere meir laks.</span></p><p><span>I eit avsnitt om f&#244;r blir det vist til at fiskef&#244;rprodusentane har eit sj&#248;lvstendig ansvar for &#229; dokumentere at fiskemj&#248;let og fiskeoljen er produsert fr&#229; berekraftig forvalta fiskebestandar, og at vegetabilske r&#229;varer (dvs. soya fr&#229; Brasil) er hausta berekraftig. &#171;</span>Norske f&#244;rprodusenter b&#248;r uansett v&#230;re sitt ansvar bevisst, og gj&#248;re det de kan for &#229; s&#248;rge for &#229; produsere et b&#230;rekraftig f&#244;r<em>&#187;</em>, st&#229;r det.</p><p><span>&#171;Tilgang p&#229; f&#244;r og f&#244;rvarer er likevel ei global problemstilling&#187;, heiter det vidare. Teksten viser til at det er </span>liten grunn til &#229; anta at <span>for eksempel </span>fisket etter industrifisk i Stillehavet (Peru) eller hausting av soya i Brasil blir mindre om Norge reduserer produksjonen av laks. &#171;Det er derfor ikke hensiktsmessig at f&#244;rressurser inng&#229;r i myndighetenes vurdering av kapasitetsjustering&#187;.</p><p>Alts&#229; h&#248;yrer ikkje nedhogging av regnskog i Brasil og fiske etter utryddingstrua matfisk med i denne meldinga, som likevel legg til: &#171;Det er heller ikke tvil om at tilgangen til f&#244;r vil kunne begrense veksten i oppdrettsn&#230;ringen i Norge og resten av verden&#187;. Eg tolkar det til at regjeringa er bekymra for veksten i oppdrettsn&#230;ringa, men ikkje for verdas matproduksjon.</p><h3><strong><span>Berekraft og verdiskaping hand i hand?</span></strong></h3><p><span>Den siste meldinga er fr&#229; 2024-2025 og har matargumentet som ein del av tittelen - &#171;Fremtidens havbruk. Berekraftig vekst og mat til verden&#187;. Meldinga handlar om st&#248;rst mogleg verdiskaping for Norge, det vil seie eksportinntekter. Den tar ikkje opp noe om berekraftig f&#244;r, at ville matfiskressurar blir utarma fordi sm&#229;fisken blir til pellets.</span></p><p><span>Det st&#229;r heller ikkje noe om at sj&#248;fuglen langs norskekysten svelt i hel fordi det er for </span><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/hvem-bryr-seg-om-tobisen?r=35foni&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web"><span>lite tobis og anna sm&#229;fisk i havet</span></a><span>. Tr&#229;larane har sopa reint. Eller om at</span><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/dronejakt-pa-krill?r=35foni&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web"><span> fisket etter krill i Antarktis er sv&#230;rt omdiskutert</span></a><span>.</span></p><h3><strong><span>Kan vi drive akvakultur p&#229; andre m&#229;tar?</span></strong></h3><p><span>I dag kjem 90 prosent av fiskemj&#248;l og fiskeolje fr&#229; fisk som menneska kunne ha ete direkte, slik som sardiner og ansjos.</span></p><p><span>Skal vi vende tommelen ned for all lakseoppdrett? Nei, det er ikkje n&#248;dvendig &#229; redusere produksjonen av oppdrettslaks til null. Dei britiske forskarane legg fram alternative m&#229;tar &#229; drive akvakultur p&#229;. Med fiskeavskjer og sm&#229; mengder villfisk som ikkje er matfisk, kan ein begrense lakseproduksjonen. P&#229; tallerkenen kan verdens forbrukarar legge bl&#229;skjel og karpefisk i tillegg til laks. Karpefisk og bl&#229;skjel treng ikkje vill matfisk i f&#244;ret.</span></p><p><span>For norske farvatn er bl&#229;skjelproduksjon mest aktuelt. Karpefisk passar ikkje s&#229; bra i skotske og norske forhold.</span></p><h3><strong><span>Gevinst ved &#229; legge om</span></strong></h3><p><span>N&#229;r det gjeld klimagassen CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> vil det vere ein enorm gevinst &#229; produsere mindre laks. Tonnevis med CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> kan sparast ved mindre tr&#229;ling, mindre reduksjonsfiske i fjerntliggande farvatn som Antarktis og Vest-Afrika, og mindre flyfrakt.</span></p><p><span>&#197; produsere 1 tonn bl&#229;skjel (spiseleg del) medf&#248;rer eit utslepp p&#229; 127 kg CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>. For laks er det berekna 2400 kg </span>CO<sub>2</sub><span>. Desse tala er usikre, men at det er mye h&#248;gare for laks enn for bl&#229;skjel, er innlysande.</span></p><p><span>Ein annan gevinst ved redusert lakseproduksjonen vil vere mindre fiskeskit og pelletsrestar i norske fjordar. F&#230;rre laks i merdene vil ogs&#229; gi betre fiskehelse med mindre sjukdom og l&#229;gare d&#248;dstal.</span></p><p><span>Og for matproduksjonen: </span>Dersom vi lar 3,7 millionar tonn vill matfisk vekse vidare i havet i staden for &#229; fange han i reduksjonsfiske, kan verdas sj&#248;matproduksjon auke betydeleg - med 6,1 millionar tonn if&#248;lgje dei britiske forskarane.</p><p><span>La oss sleppe &#229; h&#248;yre n&#230;ringslivsfolk og politikarar som skryt av at lakseopprett betyr berekraftig mat for verda. Sanninga er jo den motsette - lakseoppdretten reduserer tilgangen p&#229; mat i verda.</span></p><h3><strong><span>Kjelder</span></strong></h3><p><span>Stortingsmeldingar om oppdrett, tilgjengelig p&#229; regjeringen.no:</span></p><blockquote><p><span>&#183; 2012-2013 </span><a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/435e99fc39b947d79ca929eff484ac75/no/pdfs/stm201220130022000dddpdfs.pdf"><span>Verdens fremste sj&#248;matnasjon</span></a></p><p><span>&#183; 2014-2015 </span><a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld.-st.-16-2014-2015/id2401865/"><span>Forutsigbar og milj&#248;messig b&#230;rekraftig vekst i norsk lakse- og &#248;rretoppdrett</span></a></p><p><span>&#183; 2024-2025 </span><a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/havbruksmelding/id3097244/"><span>Fremtidens havbruk. B&#230;rekraftig vekst og mat for verden</span></a><span>.</span></p></blockquote><p><span>Willer DF, Robinson JPW, Patterson GT, Luyckx K. Maximising sustainable nutrient production from coupled fisheries-aquaculture systems. PLoS Sustainibility and transformation, 2022. </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000005"><span>https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000005</span></a></p><p><span>Roberts S, Jacquet J, Majluf P, Hayek MN. </span><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.adn9698"><span>Feeding global aquaculture</span></a><span>. Science Advances 10, 2024.</span></p><p><span>How the Galapagos of west Africa is plundered by floating fish factories. The Guardian 9. mars 2026.</span></p><p><a href="https://apnews.com/article/migration-fishing-eu-spain-senegal-illegal-856720abdd7a6b612c3330b349997156"><span>Foreign overfishing in Senegal fuels migration to Spain, a report finds</span></a><span>. AP 31. mai 2022, update May 2025. </span></p><p><a href="https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/warming-seas-and-illegal-trawlers-threaten-west-africas-fishing-future-study-warns/"><span>Warming seas and illegal trawlers threaten West Africa&#8217;s fishing future, study warns</span></a><span>. News.mongabay.com 6. May 2025. </span></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Drone hunting for krill in the Antarctic]]></title><description><![CDATA[Drones will assist trawlers in catching more krill in the Antarctic ocean. Krill oil and meal is highly valued for its omega-3 fatty acids. Is the trawling sustainable?]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/drone-hunting-for-krill-in-the-antarctic</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/drone-hunting-for-krill-in-the-antarctic</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 12:16:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2be88a0d-58cf-4b93-bc65-63424a407aa5_605x428.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Krill fishing and trade has become a large industry. Krill oil and meal is highly valued for its omega-3 fatty acids and red coloured antioxidants. Now concerns are rising for the sustainability of the fishing. This year drones will assist trawlers in catching more krill.</p><p>After I wrote <a href="https://www.orkana.no/produkt/det-farlige-oljeeventyret-historien-om-hval-og-fiskefett-i-margarinen/">a book about the use of whale and fish oil in margarine production</a>, I have become more aware about where and how food and health products are produced. I ask myself whether nature can withstand the production methods used. Hence this article about krill fishing in an ocean 10,000 km south of Norway.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2be88a0d-58cf-4b93-bc65-63424a407aa5_605x428.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2be88a0d-58cf-4b93-bc65-63424a407aa5_605x428.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2be88a0d-58cf-4b93-bc65-63424a407aa5_605x428.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2be88a0d-58cf-4b93-bc65-63424a407aa5_605x428.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, 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it&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="A person holding a red and blue box with a red and white object in it" title="A person holding a red and blue box with a red and white object in it" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2be88a0d-58cf-4b93-bc65-63424a407aa5_605x428.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2be88a0d-58cf-4b93-bc65-63424a407aa5_605x428.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2be88a0d-58cf-4b93-bc65-63424a407aa5_605x428.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j9K1!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2be88a0d-58cf-4b93-bc65-63424a407aa5_605x428.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Krill oil from Antarctica is sold on the international market. Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@nyo3">NYO3&#174; INTERNATIONAL AS</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/">Unsplash</a></em></p><p>In the Antarctic, industrial trawlers catch large quantities of krill. The trawlers compete with penguins, seals and whales for food. This year a Norwegian Company has started using drones to search for the schools of krill. Will this end with overfishing and a new scandal in the Antarctic, like the near-extinction of the blue whale? Or is it enough krill for both industry trawlers and marine animals?</p><p>In the mid-1900s, whalers slaughtered two million blue whales, humpback whales and other whale species in Antarctica. The whale blubber was first used for lamp oil, then for margarine and edible oil production. Eventually, the catch ended. There were so few whales left that the catch became unprofitable. Of the 1.5 million baleen whales killed in the 20th-century, more than 9 of 10 were harvested by four countries &#8211; Norway, United Kingdom, Japan, and the Soviet Union.</p><p>Happily, the whale population is slowly rebounding, although the blue whale still has problems. At the same time, it is worrying that fishing for krill - the whale&#8217;s food - is increasing. Norwegian and Chinese trawlers are leading the way. Trawlers from Russia, Ukraine, Chile and South Corea are also participating.</p><h3><strong>For health food and aquaculture</strong></h3><p>Krill looks like a small shrimp and is the main food for many species of whales and other mammals in Antarctica. The trawlers or support vessels grind the krill on board, extract the oil and the rest is a meal sold as feed for farmed salmon and pet food. The red krill oil is sold as a health food containing omega-3 fatty acids and the red antioxidant astaxanthine. The red oil also gives the farmed salmon a nice colour.</p><p>&#171;The oil is produced in both an ecological and ethical way&#187;. &#171;It comes from the world cleanest ocean&#187;, say the advertisements.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg" width="1000" height="679" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:679,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:31028,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/i/198692983?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqxK!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5eb0dd-ab60-484a-b4b2-e4ab4fed9c9a_1000x679.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Antarctic krill, a few centimeter long. Photo: Wikipedia.</em></p><p>Krill is important for the entire ecosystem in the Antarctic. When the whale eats krill, the remnants are excreted in the faeces. Especially the iron content of the poops is important for the growth of plankton, which is food for krill. In this way, the whale is necessary for recycling the nutrients in the ocean. The industrial trawlers, on the other hand, remove both the krill oil and the krill remnants from the ecological system. Nothing is given back.</p><p>Researchers are investigating whether industrial krill fishing is sustainable. Is there enough krill for both whales and trawlers or will the whale population stop growing or even worse &#8211; decline?</p><p>New calculations published in the journal <a href="https://rdcu.be/fjKiZ">Nature Communications</a> indicate that the krill population is too small for both.</p><p>As we have seen throughout history, scientists often come one step behind industrial fishing. It takes time to research how much fishing the ecosystem can withstand. The risk is that the sea will empty before the researchers and international organizations can reach a conclusion about how to protect ocean life. At the same time, the ocean is getting warmer due to climate change. It can weaken the ecosystem.</p><h3><strong>Hunting with drones</strong></h3><p>In the Antarctic, Norwegian krill trawlers take the most krill in strong competition with Chinese companies. A new Norwegian krill vessel was launched recently. <em>Antarctic Enabler</em> will operate as a drone platform and support vessel supplying diesel and provisions as well as being a recipient of krill catches, according to the news service norskfisk.no</p><p>- Drones will guide the trawlers towards the areas with the most catchable concentrations of krill. Thus, we will not use more diesel than necessary in the search phase of the fishery,&#8221; says CEO of Aker QRILL Webj&#248;rn Barstad to <a href="https://norskfisk.no/2026/01/28/nytt-krillbaseskip-mot-antarktis/">norskfisk.no</a></p><p>The problem is that the trawlers catch in areas where whales feed on krill in the Antarctic summer months. It&#8217;s no wonder, because whales and penguins moves to areas where there is the most food, the most krill to find.</p><p>Krill products from Aker have received the MSC (Marine Stewardship Council) <a href="https://www.msc.org/what-we-are-doing/our-approach/what-does-the-blue-msc-label-mean">blue label</a> certifying sustainable fishing. In recent years, krill fishing has become more intensive. The blue label is now being reconsidered, according to The Guardian.</p><p>&#8220;Some people claim that krill fishing is sustainable, but we may be in the process of removing the basis for an entire ecosystem,&#8221; says David Attenborough in the film Ocean. He describes industrial trawling as modern colonialism.</p><h3><strong>International agreement not updated</strong></h3><p>The krill population in Antarctica is managed by the international organization CCAMLR - Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. The last meeting was in Hobart, Australia, October 2025. Negotiations were held about where and at what time of the year it can be fished. Most of the krill is concentrated in small areas where trawlers compete with whales, seals and penguins for food.</p><p>At the meeting, <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/norways-proposal-to-double-krill-harvests-raises-tension-at-antarctic-conservation-summit">Norway proposed to double the catch limit for krill</a>. This caused tension. Originally, a precautionary &#171;trigger catch level&#187; of 620,000 tonnes was a temporary limit to work until CCAMLR agreed on the details &#8211; in which areas and at what time of the year it could be fished. In 2025, the trigger limit was reached for the first time, but agreement on the important details has yet not been reached.</p><p>CCAMLR was formed when concerns about krill fishing rose in the 1980s. In the 2000s, the debate became more tense because of increased catches. The aquaculture industry wanted krill meal and oil. The health food industry and manufacturers of pet food also paid well for krill. Catches increased.</p><h3><strong>Investing in support vessel and drones</strong></h3><p>Both Norwegian and foreign shipping companies are now increasing their investments in ships and equipment for more targeted fishing. Aker Biomarine has become Aker Qrill with US funds among the owners.</p><p>&#8220;During 2025 and 2026, we will invest close to NOK 3 billion (about US$ 300 mill) in new and existing vessels, which will increase the volumes of krill for the aquaculture and pet food industry by 50-60 percent over the next 3-4 years,&#8221; Barstad says to godfisk.no.</p><p>In the 1960s, whale populations collapsed because of overfishing and greed. The blue whale became almost extinct. Whaling countries failed to agree on limiting whaling sufficiently.</p><p>Will whales and other animals in Antarctica survive the drone hunt for krill?</p><p>When the total krill catches approaches the limit of 620,000 tonnes, CCAMLR can close the fishery. It remains to be seen what happens in the 2026 season. Norwegian Aker Biomarine has accounted for 60-65 per cent of the fishery, i.e. 370,000 &#8211; 400,000 tonnes. The goal of a 50-60 percent increase means catches just below or at the current catch limit.</p><h3><strong>Sources</strong></h3><p>CCAMLR <a href="https://www.unep.org/ccamlr-convention">https://www.unep.org/ccamlr-convention</a></p><p>H&#229;nes H. Reduced whale and fish resources, p. 73 ff i: <a href="https://www.orkana.no/produkt/det-farlige-oljeeventyret-historien-om-hval-og-fiskefett-i-margarinen/">The history of whale and fish oil in margarine</a></p><p>Mongabay, <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/norways-proposal-to-double-krill-harvests-raises-tension-at-antarctic-conservation-summit/">Norway&#8217;s proposal to double krill harvests raises tension at Antarctic conservation summit</a></p><p>MSC - Marine Stewardship Council, on <a href="https://www.msc.org/what-we-are-doing/our-approach/what-does-the-blue-msc-label-mean">sustainable MSC label</a></p><p>Norskfisk.no, <a href="https://norskfisk.no/2026/01/28/nytt-krillbaseskip-mot-antarktis/?utm_source=chatgpt.com">New support vessel for krill trawlers [in Norwegian]</a> (2026.01.28)</p><p>Savoca, M.S., Kumar, M., Sylvester, Z. <em>et al.</em> <a href="https://rdcu.be/fjKiZ">Whale recovery and the emerging human-wildlife conflict over Antarctic krill</a>. <em>Nat Commun</em> 15, 7708 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51954-x </p><p>The Guardian, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/mar/04/worlds-largest-krill-harvester-row-blue-tick-sustainability-label?utm_term=69c5247329297b5af86a479093b28aba&amp;utm_campaign=DownToEarth&amp;utm_source=esp&amp;utm_medium=Email&amp;CMP=greenlight_email">Worlds largest krill harvester at centre of row over &#171;blue tick&#187; sustainability label</a></p><p>The Guardian, feature article<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/mar/24/krill-foundation-food-antarctic-ecosystem-survive-factory-fishing"> &#171;It smells like a rancid fish and chip shop&#187;: at sea with the Antartic&#8217;s krill supertrawlers</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Dronejakt på krill]]></title><description><![CDATA[Droner skal hjelpe rederiene med &#229; fiske mer krill i Antarktis. Krill blir brukt til helsekostprodukter med omega-3 og til laksef&#244;r og kattemat. T&#229;ler naturen &#248;kt krillfiske?]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/dronejakt-pa-krill</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/dronejakt-pa-krill</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 12:27:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Droner skal hjelpe rederiene med &#229; fiske mer krill i Antarktis. Krillolje inneholder omega-3-fettsyrer og blir til helsekost. Krillmel inng&#229;r i f&#244;r til oppdrettslaks og kj&#230;ledyr. </p><p>Etter at jeg skrev <a href="https://www.orkana.no/produkt/det-farlige-oljeeventyret-historien-om-hval-og-fiskefett-i-margarinen/">boka om margarin og bruken av hval- og fiskeolje i margarinprdouksjonen</a>, har jeg blitt mer opptatt av hvor og hvordan mat og helsekost er produsert. Jeg sp&#248;r meg stadig om naturen t&#229;ler produksjonsmetodene som benyttes. Derfor denne artikkelen om krillfisket i et hav mer enn 10 000 km s&#248;r for Norge.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg" width="1000" height="679" 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/__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIa8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7705c3a7-6c1e-492d-ad72-76fe9f6ee059_1000x679.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Den antarktiske krillen er 5-8 centimeter lang. Foto: Wikipedia. </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>I Antarktis tar industritr&#229;lere opp store mengder krill. Tr&#229;lerne konkurrerer med pingviner, sel og hval om maten. Den nyeste fangstmetoden er &#229; bruke droner for &#229; lete opp krillstimene. F&#248;rer det til overfiske og en ny skandale, slik vi hadde med nesten-utryddelsen av bl&#229;hvalen? Eller er det nok krill for b&#229;de industrifiske og havdyr?</p><p>Midt p&#229; 1900-tallet slaktet hvalfangerne to millioner bl&#229;hvaler, kn&#248;lhvaler og andre hvalarter i Antarktis. Hvalspekket ble f&#248;rst brukt til lampeolje, s&#229; til margarinproduksjon. Til slutt tok fangsten slutt. Det var s&#229; lite hval igjen at fangsten ble ul&#248;nnsom.</p><p>Gledelig nok er hvalbestanden sakte p&#229; vei oppover igjen, selv om bl&#229;hvalen fortsatt har problemer. Samtidig er det urovekkende at fisket etter krill - hvalens mat &#8211; &#248;ker. Norske og kinesiske tr&#229;lere leder an. Tr&#229;lere fra Russland, Ukraina, cile og S&#248;r-Korea deltar ogs&#229;.</p><h3><strong>Helsekost og laksef&#244;r</strong></h3><p>Krill ser ut som ei lita reke og er hovedf&#248;de for mange hvalarter og andre pattedyr i Antarktis. Tr&#229;lerne eller hjelpeskipene kverner krillen om bord, tar ut oljen og resten blir til laksef&#244;r og mat for kj&#230;ledyr. Den r&#248;de krilloljen blir brukt i omega-3-kapsler og solgt som helsekost. Den r&#248;de oljen gir ogs&#229; oppdrettslaksen fin farge.</p><p>&#171;Oljen er produsert b&#229;de p&#229; en &#248;kologisk og etisk m&#229;te&#187;, heter det i markedsf&#248;ringen.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="3508" height="2480" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1725417810898-e122cbb22a26?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxrcmlsbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzkyNzU2NDR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Krillolje fra Antarktis selges som en luksusvare p&#229; det internasjonale markedet. Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@nyo3">NYO3&#174; INTERNATIONAL AS</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Krill er viktig for hele &#248;kosystemet i Antarktis. N&#229;r hvalen spiser krill, kommer restene ut igjen i avf&#248;ringen. S&#230;rlig er jerninnholdet i avf&#248;ringen viktig for plankton som lever under isen. Plankton er p&#229; sin side mat for krillen. Slik er hvalen n&#248;dvendig for &#229; resirkulere n&#230;ringsstoffene i havet. </p><p>Industritr&#229;lerne fjerner derimot b&#229;de krilloljen og krillrestene fra n&#230;ringssystemet. De gir ikke noe tilbake. </p><p>Krillen er ogs&#229; viktig for opptaket av CO2 i havet. Uten krill blir kloden enda varmere.</p><p>Forskerne unders&#248;ker n&#229; om krillfisket er b&#230;rekraftig. Er det krill nok til b&#229;de hval og tr&#229;lere eller vil hvalbestanden stoppe &#229; vokse eller enda verre &#8211; g&#229; tilbake? </p><p>Nye beregninger publisert i tidsskriftet <a href="https://rdcu.be/fjKiZ">Nature Communications</a> tyder p&#229; at krillbestanden er for liten for begge.</p><p>Som vi har sett gjennom historien kommer forskere ofte et skritt bak fiskerne. Det tar tid &#229; finne ut om &#248;kosystemet t&#229;ler fisket. Risikoen er at havet t&#248;mmes f&#248;r forskerne f&#229;r konkludert.</p><p>Den britiske avisa The Guardian har v&#230;rt p&#229; reportasje og skriver at tr&#229;lere kj&#248;rer tett opp til hvalflokkene og konkurrerer om krillen i hvalenes eget matfat.</p><h3><strong>Jakter med droner</strong></h3><p>I Antarktis er det norske rederier som tar mest krill i sterk konkurranse med kinesiske rederier. N&#229; er et nytt norsk krillskip sj&#248;satt. <em>Antarctic Enabler</em> skal operere som droneplattform og st&#248;tteskip med forsyninger av diesel, proviant og andre varer. I tillegg kan tr&#229;lerne levere fangsten til st&#248;tteskipet, if&#248;lge norskfisk.no</p><p>- Ubemannede droner vil lede fiskeb&#229;tene mot omr&#229;dene med mest fangstbare konsentrasjoner av krill. Dermed vil vi ikke bruke mer diesel enn n&#248;dvendig i s&#248;kefasen av fiskeriet, sier administrerende direkt&#248;r i Aker QRILL Webj&#248;rn Barstad til <a href="https://norskfisk.no/2026/01/28/nytt-krillbaseskip-mot-antarktis/">norskfisk.no</a></p><p>Problemet er at tr&#229;lerne fangster i det samme omr&#229;det som hval og sj&#248;dyr spiser middag for &#229; feite seg opp i den antarktiske sommeren. Hvalen og pingvinene lever der det er mest mat, mest krill &#229; finne. Krillen beveger seg i tette stimer, praktisk for sj&#248;pattedyrene, men ogs&#229; for dronene som kan se stimene ovenfra.</p><p>Krillproduktene fra Aker har f&#229;tt <a href="https://www.msc.org/no/presse/nyheter/nyhet/2020/10/15/aker-biomarine-n%C3%A5r-nye-b%C3%A6rekraftsm%C3%A5l-for-krillfisket">milj&#248;merket fra MSC (Marine Stewardship Council</a>) siden 2010. De siste &#229;rene har krillfisket blitt mer intensivt. N&#229; vurderes milj&#248;merkingen p&#229; ny, if&#248;lge The Guardian.</p><p>-Noen hevder at krillfisket er b&#230;rekraftig, men vi kan v&#230;re i ferd med &#229; fjerne grunnlaget for et helt &#248;kosystem, sier David Attenborough i filmen <em>Ocean</em>. Han kaller industrifiske for moderne kolonialisme.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="5108" height="3405" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3405,&quot;width&quot;:5108,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;gray whale jumping on sea at daytime&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="gray whale jumping on sea at daytime" title="gray whale jumping on sea at daytime" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1465103692162-a9bf9c7bd0fc?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxibHVlJTIwd2hhbGV8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzc5Mjc4NTE4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Bardehvaler klarer seg ikke uten krill. Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@georgewolf">Georg Wolf</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><h3><strong>Internasjonal avtale ikke oppdatert</strong></h3><p>Krillbestanden i Antarktis forvaltes av den internasjonale organisasjonen <a href="https://www.unep.org/ccamlr-convention">CCAMLR</a> - Konvensjonen for bevaring av marine levende ressurser i Antarktis. Det siste m&#248;tet var i Hobart, Australia, i oktober 2025. Det ble forhandlet om hvor og n&#229;r p&#229; &#229;ret det kan fiskes. Det meste av krillen er konsentrert i sm&#229; omr&#229;der hvor tr&#229;lere konkurrerer med hval, sel og pingviner om maten. Samtidig m&#229; man ta hensyn til at havet blir varmere som f&#248;lge av klimaendringer. Det kan svekke &#248;kosystemet.</p><p>Det &#248;kende markedet for kosttilskudd og f&#244;r til opprettslaks er drivkraften bak &#248;kningen i krillfisket de siste &#229;rene. P&#229; 2025-m&#248;tet i Hobart <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/norways-proposal-to-double-krill-harvests-raises-tension-at-antarctic-conservation-summit">foreslo Norge &#229; doble krillkvoten for Antarktis</a>. Det skapte sterk debatt. Opprinnelig var 620 000 tonn en midlertidig grense. Den skulle virke til CCAMLR ble enige om detaljene &#8211; i hvilke omr&#229;der og n&#229;r p&#229; &#229;ret det kunne fiskes. I 2025 ble grensa n&#229;dd for f&#248;rste gang, men enighet om de viktige detaljene er fortsatt ikke oppn&#229;dd.</p><p>CCAMLR ble dannet som f&#248;lge av bekymring rundt krillfisket. Det var p&#229; 1980-tallet. P&#229; 2000-tallet ble debatten mer intens som f&#248;lge av at fangstene &#248;kte. Oppdrettsn&#230;ringa ville ha krillmel og -olje. Helsekostn&#230;ringa og kattematprodusentene betalte ogs&#229; godt for krill. </p><h3>Milliardinvesteringer </h3><p>N&#229; &#248;ker b&#229;de norske og utenlandske rederier innsatsen med flere skip og mer m&#229;lretta fiske. Aker Biomarine har blitt til Aker Qrill med amerikanske fond p&#229; eiersiden.</p><p>- I l&#248;pet av 2025 og 2026 vil vi investere oppunder 3 milliarder kroner i nye og eksisterende fart&#248;y, noe som skal &#248;ke volumene av krill til havbruksn&#230;ringen og kj&#230;ledyrmat med 50-60 prosent over de neste 3-4 &#229;rene, sier Barstad til godfisk.no.</p><p>P&#229; 1960-tallet falt hvalbestandene sammen som f&#248;lge av overfiske og gr&#229;dighet. Bl&#229;hvalen ble nesten utryddet. Vil hval og andre dyr i Antarktis overleve dronejakta p&#229; krill?<strong> </strong>Eller vil naturen tape for at vi skal kunne kj&#248;pe laksefilet med fin r&#248;dfarge og helsekost fra &#171;verdens reneste hav&#187;, som det heter i reklamen?</p><p>N&#229;r totalfisket n&#230;rmer seg grensa p&#229; 620 000 tonn, kan CCAMLR stenge fisket. Det gjenst&#229;r &#229; se hva som skjer i 2026-sesongen. Norske Aker Biomarine har st&#229;tt for 60-65 prosent av fisket, alts&#229; 370 000 &#8211; 400 000 tonn. M&#229;let om 50-60 prosent &#248;kning vil si et fiske like under eller p&#229; dagens grense.</p><h3><strong>Kilder</strong></h3><p>Mongabay, Norway&#8217;s proposal to double krill harvests raises tension at Antarctic conservation summit (<a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/norways-proposal-to-double-krill-harvests-raises-tension-at-antarctic-conservation-summit">Norge foresl&#229;r &#229; doble krillfangstene</a>)</p><p>MSC - <a href="https://www.msc.org/no">Marine Stewardship Council</a>, om milj&#248;sertifisering av fiskeprodukter</p><p>Norskfisk.no, <a href="https://norskfisk.no/2026/01/28/nytt-krillbaseskip-mot-antarktis/?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Nytt krillbaseskip mot Antarktis</a> (2026.01.28)</p><p>Savoca, M.S., Kumar, M., Sylvester, Z. <em>et al.</em> <a href="https://rdcu.be/fjKiZ">Whale recovery and the emerging human-wildlife conflict over Antarctic krill</a>. <em>Nat Commun</em> <strong>15</strong>, 7708 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51954-x</p><p>H&#229;nes H. Tappet havets ressurser, s. 73 ff i: <a href="https://www.orkana.no/produkt/det-farlige-oljeeventyret-historien-om-hval-og-fiskefett-i-margarinen/">Det farlige oljeeventyret &#8211; Historien om hval og fiskefett i margarinen</a></p><p>The Guardian, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/mar/04/worlds-largest-krill-harvester-row-blue-tick-sustainability-label?utm_term=69c5247329297b5af86a479093b28aba&amp;utm_campaign=DownToEarth&amp;utm_source=esp&amp;utm_medium=Email&amp;CMP=greenlight_email">Worlds largest krill harvester at centre of row over &#171;blue tick&#187; sustainability label</a></p><p>The Guardian, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/mar/24/krill-foundation-food-antarctic-ecosystem-survive-factory-fishing">reportasje fra Antarktis</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Helmelk best for barn]]></title><description><![CDATA[Barn som drikker helmelk har mindre fett p&#229; kroppen Er det p&#229; tide &#229; stryke r&#229;det om at sm&#229;barn b&#248;r drikke fettredusert melk?]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/helmelk-best-for-barn</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/helmelk-best-for-barn</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 09:28:35 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1652790507654-0ee69c5bd059?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOHx8ZHJpbmtpbmclMjBtaWxrfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NTcyNTM1Mnww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Barn som drikker helmelk har mindre fett p&#229; kroppen i 5- og 8-&#229;rsalderen enn barn som drikker lettmelk og skummamelk. Det viser en ny studie fra Canada. Denne og flere andre unders&#248;kelser tyder p&#229; at Helsedirektoratets r&#229;d om &#229; gi barna skummamelk eller lettmelk b&#248;r gjennomg&#229;s p&#229; nytt.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1652790507654-0ee69c5bd059?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOHx8ZHJpbmtpbmclMjBtaWxrfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NTcyNTM1Mnww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1652790507654-0ee69c5bd059?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOHx8ZHJpbmtpbmclMjBtaWxrfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NTcyNTM1Mnww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, 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src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1652790507654-0ee69c5bd059?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOHx8ZHJpbmtpbmclMjBtaWxrfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NTcyNTM1Mnww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="3872" height="2592" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1652790507654-0ee69c5bd059?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOHx8ZHJpbmtpbmclMjBtaWxrfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NTcyNTM1Mnww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2592,&quot;width&quot;:3872,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;a little girl drinking from a bottle in the dark&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="a little girl drinking from a bottle in the dark" title="a little girl drinking from a bottle in the dark" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1652790507654-0ee69c5bd059?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOHx8ZHJpbmtpbmclMjBtaWxrfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NTcyNTM1Mnww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1652790507654-0ee69c5bd059?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOHx8ZHJpbmtpbmclMjBtaWxrfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NTcyNTM1Mnww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1652790507654-0ee69c5bd059?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOHx8ZHJpbmtpbmclMjBtaWxrfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NTcyNTM1Mnww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1652790507654-0ee69c5bd059?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOHx8ZHJpbmtpbmclMjBtaWxrfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NTcyNTM1Mnww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@lacostercell">Ladislav Stercell</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>La oss se p&#229; studien f&#248;rst. Dette var en delstudie i en kanadisk mor-og-barn-unders&#248;kelse, The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) -study. Forskerne unders&#248;kte hva slags melk barna drakk i 5- &#229;rsalderen. De unders&#248;kte ogs&#229; om barna hadde fedme og hvor mye fett de hadde p&#229; kroppen da de var 5 og 8 &#229;r.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916525007786">Resultatene</a> viser at blant barna som drakk helmelk, var det lavere kroppsmasseindeks, mindre mengde kroppsfett og lavere risiko (60-70 prosent lavere odds) for fedme enn blant barn som drakk skummamelk eller lettmelk.</p><p>Det var ikke slik at <em>flertallet</em> av skumma- og lettmelkdrikkende barn utvikla fedme, men det var en tydelig sammenheng mellom skummamelk/lettmelk og h&#248;yere risiko for mer kroppsfett og fedmeutvikling.</p><h3>Data om studien</h3><p>I alt 1574 barn ble fulgt til 8 &#229;rs alder, da hadde 126 barn allerede utvikla fedme, det tilsvarer 8 prosent. I fem&#229;rsanalysen deltok 2043 barn.</p><p>Hvor mye melk drakk barna? Halvparten av fem&#229;ringene drakk under 250 ml om dagen, det tilsvarer en til to kopper eller glass. Resten drakk to kopper/glass eller mer.</p><p>Hadde resultatene sammenheng med mors utdanning? Resultatene besto selv n&#229;r man justerte for m&#248;drenes utdanningsniv&#229;. Barn fra flere byer og etnisiteter deltok.</p><p>Usikkerhet: Informasjon om barnas kosthold ble innhentet ved hjelp av omfattende sp&#248;rreskjema. Her vil det alltid v&#230;re en usikkerhet, det er lett slik at foreldre krysser av for det man tror er &#171;riktig&#187;. Det ble ikke spurt om melka var tilsatt sukker og smaker som sjokolade eller frukt/b&#230;r-smak. Sukker er forbundet med &#248;kt risiko for overvekt og fedme. Men smaksatt melk utgj&#248;r en mindre del (8 prosent) av den melka kanadiske barn drikker. Forskjeller i energiinntak (kaloriinntak) eller andre forskjeller i kostholdet, slik som sukkerinntak, kunne ikke forklare resultatene. </p><p>Det kan imidlertid som alltid i studier som dette v&#230;re ukjente, medvirkende faktorer som har p&#229;virket resultatene. Men resultatene stemmer med andre studier som peker i samme retning.</p><h3>Kan vi forklare resultatet?</h3><p>Har vi noen biologiske forklaringer? Det kan v&#230;re flere: helmelk metter mer enn skummamelk og lettmelk. Metthet er viktig for &#229; hindre overspising. Melkefett inneholder ogs&#229; fettsyrer og fettl&#248;selige stoffer som kanskje kan p&#229;virke mekanismer som regulerer energibalansen og mengde kroppsfett.</p><p>Det kan v&#230;re at foreldre tror at skummamelk og lettmelk er best for barn som har mye fett p&#229; kroppen. Da kan det i studier som dette se ut som om den fettreduserte melka er &#229;rsaken til fedme, i stedet for omvendt - at fedmen er &#229;rsaken til at barna f&#229;r fettredusert melk. Analysene tydet ikke p&#229; at dette var en hovedforklaring, men nye studier med lengre oppf&#248;lgingstid kan gi mer informasjon.</p><h3>B&#248;r melker&#229;dene revideres?</h3><p>B&#229;de i Norge og flere andre land anbefaler helsemyndighetene at barna g&#229;r over til magre melketyper <a href="https://www.helsenorge.no/kosthold-og-ernaring/kosthold-for-barn-og-unge/mellom-2-og-5-ar/">i ett- til to&#229;rsalderen</a>. Lettere lettmelk anbefales i barnehagen. Det er ikke sikkert at dette er et godt r&#229;d. R&#229;det er <a href="https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/faglige-rad/kostradene-og-naeringsstoffer/kostrad-for-befolkningen#ha-et-daglig-inntak-av-melk-og-meieriprodukter-velg-produkter-med-mindre-fett-begrunnelse">basert p&#229; at melkefett &#248;ker kolesterolet</a>, og at dette skal inneb&#230;re en helserisiko over tid. Men forskningen er 50-60 &#229;r gammel og utf&#248;rt blant middelaldrende og eldre menn med hjerteinfarkt i en tid da det ble spist mye delvis herdet fett med transfettsyrer. Infarktrisikoen ble tolket som en f&#248;lge av mettet fett og h&#248;yt kolesterol. Se en artikkel jeg har skrevet om denne utdaterte forskningen <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/oslo-studie-arkivert-for-godt?utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web">p&#229; Substack</a>.</p><p>At man f&#229;r infarkt som f&#248;lge av helmelk-inntak i barne&#229;rene er aldri vist, tvert imot er det flere studier som tyder p&#229; at moderat inntak av melkefett kan v&#230;re gunstig for helsa. </p><p>Helsedirektoratet skriver videre at magre melkeprodukter <a href="https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/faglige-rad/kostradene-og-naeringsstoffer/kostrad-for-befolkningen#ha-et-daglig-inntak-av-melk-og-meieriprodukter-velg-produkter-med-mindre-fett-begrunnelse">kan redusere risikoen for fedme</a>, ogs&#229; dette er svakt begrunnet. Nyere forskning tyder derimot p&#229; at sukker og lettford&#248;yelige karbohydrater utgj&#248;r en risiko.</p><p>Melker&#229;dene b&#248;r gjennomg&#229;s p&#229; nytt, skriver de kanadiske forskerne. Det samme mener den danske ern&#230;ringsprofessoren Arne Astrup i <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916526000821">en lederartikkel</a> i The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Han gjennomg&#229;r nyere forskning og peker p&#229; barn som f&#229;r helmelk har lavere odds for overvekt og fedme enn barn som drikker skumma og lettmelk, if&#248;lge oppsummert forskning.</p><p>Morsmelk inneholder mye fett, herunder metta fett. Dette er trolig naturens m&#229;te &#229; skape gunstig ern&#230;ring for barnet. Sm&#229;barna trenger mye fett n&#229;r hjernen skal utvikles, og de samtidig skal vokse og v&#230;re i aktivitet.</p><h3>Fettinnhold i melk</h3><ul><li><p>Skummet melk er tiln&#230;rmet fettfri, med 0,1 prosent fett.</p></li><li><p>Lettmelk var i den kanadiske unders&#248;kelsen definert som lettmelk med 1 eller 2 prosent fett. Norsk lettmelk inneholder oftest 1,0&#8211;1,2 prosent fett, men det brukes ogs&#229; lettmelk med 0,5&#8211;0,7 prosent fett. </p></li><li><p>Ekstra lett lettmelk inneholder 0,5 prosent fett og blir ofte anbefalt for barnehager. Helsedirektoratet skriver at &#8220;<a href="https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/retningslinjer/mat-og-maltider-i-barnehagen/anbefalinger-for-mat-og-maltider-i-barnehagen#barna-bor-fa-tilbud-om-lett-eller-skummet-melk-og-vann-til-maltidene-i-barnehagen-og-vann-bor-alltid-vaere-tilgjengelig">Barnehagen b&#248;r ikke tilby helmelk eller bruke helmelk i matlaging</a>. Hvis alle barna kan drikke vanlig melk, er lettmelk tilsatt vitamin D [ekstra lett/lettere lettmelk med 0,5 prosent fett] et godt valg.</p></li><li><p>Helmelk ble i den kanadiske unders&#248;kelsen definert som melk med 3,25 prosent fett, litt under norsk helmelk som inneholder 3,5&#8211;4 prosent fett.</p></li><li><p>Morsmelk: halvparten av energien (kaloriene) kommer fra fett.</p></li></ul><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bacon og pølser forstyrrer dansk valgkamp]]></title><description><![CDATA[Den danske grisen har blitt en politisk sak.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/bacon-og-plser-forstyrrer-dansk-valgkamp</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/bacon-og-plser-forstyrrer-dansk-valgkamp</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 21 Mar 2026 10:27:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Jeg var i ferd med &#229; skrive om svinefett, smult. S&#229; lyser en forside fra den danske avisa Information mot meg: den danske grisen har blitt en del av dansk valgkamp.</p><p>Naboer til illeluktende svinefarmer har g&#229;tt sammen i en landsforening mot svinefabrikker. Dyra lider, nabolagene lider og n&#229; lider ogs&#229; politikerne. Det ene partiet etter det andre rykker ut og vil delta i historien om hvordan danske griser kan f&#229; et bedre liv. Et privat lovforslag har f&#229;tt s&#229; mange underskrifter at det kan fremmes i Folketinget.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3>Undercover</h3><p>Journalist Klara Trebbien Rasmussen har skrevet reportasjeboka &#171;<a href="https://www.information.dk/kultur/anmeldelse/2026/03/klask-klask-knas-soundtracket-danske-svineproduktion">Fl&#230;sk - Undercover i en svinestald</a>&#187;. Hun forteller blant annet om hvordan sm&#229; grisunger effektivt avlives: ta dem i bakbeina, sving dem over skulderen og sl&#229; dem ned i betonggolvet &#8211; klask. Arbeidspresset er h&#248;yt, etter kort tid glir hensynet til dyra i bakgrunnen.</p><p>Hvordan st&#229;r det til i Norge? Her i landet gikk aktivister undercover for et par &#229;r siden. I likhet med dansk TV2 brakte NRK reportasjer om livet i grisebingene. Etterp&#229; gjennomf&#248;rte Mattilsynet en tilsynskampanje i 2021-2023. Det har blitt bedre, men fortsatt er det ikke godt nok, if&#248;lge Dyrebeskyttelsen. </p><h3>Skogsgrisen</h3><p>Hvorfor kan vi ikke produsere mat uten &#229; &#248;delegge natur og dyrehelse? Jeg s&#248;kte etter bedre omtale av svinekj&#248;tt og svinefett i min store kokebok om italiensk mat. Her beskrives svinekj&#248;tt fra en gammel svinerase i Toscana. Det har &#171;ingenting &#229; gj&#248;re med de bleke og vasstrukne kotelettene man dessverre f&#229;r kj&#248;pt i supermarkeder nord for Alpene&#187;, heter det. De lokale svinerasene i Toscanas b&#248;lgende landskap lever godt p&#229; n&#248;tter og r&#248;tter i eikeskogene. Fettet tar opp i seg alle de fettl&#248;selige smaksstoffene. Kj&#248;ttet blir marmorert og f&#229;r topp kvalitet.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="3515" height="5272" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1701925417463-f40e75dda9b0?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzMXx8cGlnfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NDA4ODM1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@georgek">Georg Krause</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p><em>Grisen m&#229; ha rotemateriale for &#229; trives. </em></p><p>Vi har ogs&#229; hatt en norsk skogsgris. For 100 &#229;r siden gikk vestlandsgrisen, telemarksgrisen og tr&#248;ndergrisen i skogen og utmarka halve &#229;ret. I tillegg ble de f&#244;ret med kokte poteter, myse fra sm&#248;rkinninga, gr&#248;nnsaksrester, overskuddsepler etter frukth&#248;sten og litt korn om vinteren. Grisen kunne bli skikkelig feit. Svinefettet var en viktig del av husholdningsfettet. N&#229; har vi avla bort skogsgrisens fettgener og spiser planteoljer fra utlandet i stedet. Fettranda p&#229; bacon og koteletter har skrumpet fra 6-10 centimeter til 1-3 centimeter.</p><p>Jeg tok en tur innom Animalias nettsider. Statistikken viser at Italia er ett av de landene som bruker mest antibiotika i svineproduksjonen. Man m&#229; alts&#229; ikke la seg forf&#248;re av kokeb&#248;ker. Italia er ikke noe forbilde. Men i b&#229;de Italia og Danmark lever &#248;kob&#248;ndene side om side med de som driver industrijordbruk. &#216;kob&#248;ndene produserer f&#248;rst og fremst for det lokale og nasjonale markedet. Danske industrib&#248;nder  produserer mye mer enn de kan selge i Danmark.  Det meste eksporteres.</p><h3>Dritt og piss</h3><p>Det meste av dansk svinekj&#248;tt eksporteres. Det er ingen mening i at Danmark skal v&#230;re hele verdens bacon- og p&#248;lsefabrikk, sier danske kritikere. Hvorfor skal svinefabrikkene f&#229; lov til &#229; svine til milj&#248;et og naturen v&#229;r? En grunn kan v&#230;re at vi b&#229;de i Danmark og Norge bruker fremmedord som for eksempel &#8220;nitrogenforurensning&#8221;. N&#229; har danske forkjempere for grisens velferd begynt &#229; si det som det er: dritt og piss fra svinefabrikkene forurenser vann, elver og natur.</p><p>Norge importerte i 2024 totalt 3950 tonn grisekj&#248;tt, det meste fra Danmark. Statistikken for 2025 er ikke klar enn&#229;, men forel&#248;pige tall viser at Danmark fortsatt leverer kj&#248;tt til Norge.</p><p>Det blir ikke noe dansk svinekj&#248;tt i handlekorga mi, ikke industrigris i det hele tatt. Jeg betaler heller litt mer og kj&#248;per svinekj&#248;tt og bacon fra &#248;kogris.</p><p><strong>Du kan lese mer her:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Dyrebeskyttelsen: <a href="https://www.dyrebeskyttelsen.no/2023/01/18/ikke-godt-nok-av-svinenaeringen/">Ikke godt nok av svinen&#230;ringen - Dyrebeskyttelsen Norge</a></p></li><li><p>Mattilsynet: <a href="https://www.mattilsynet.no/dyr/produksjonsdyr/svin/nasjonal-tilsynskampanje-om-velferd-for-svin-20212022">Nasjonal tilsynskampanje om velferd for svin 2021&#8211;2022 | Mattilsynet</a></p></li><li><p>Animalia: <a href="https://animalia.no/no/Dyr/svin/">animalia.no/no/Dyr/svin/</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.borgerforslag.dk/se-og-stoet-forslag/?Id=FT-22400">Borgerforslag mod industriel svineproduktion i strid med Dyrevelf&#230;rdsloven</a></p></li><li><p>Dyrenesbeskyttelse.dk</p></li></ul><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Har omega-3 absolutt ingen effekt?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Kapsler med omega-3 kan til og med v&#230;re skadelig, if&#248;lge en artikkel i Aftenposten. Jeg unders&#248;kte saken n&#230;rmere.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/har-omega-3-absolutt-ingen-effekt</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/har-omega-3-absolutt-ingen-effekt</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 07 Mar 2026 09:21:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>En tittel i <a href="https://www.aftenposten.no/sprek/i/rrl4j8/absolutt-ingen-effekt">Aftenposten fredag 6. mars</a> sl&#229;r fast at omega-3-fettsyrer &#171;har absolutt ingen effekt&#187;. De kan til og med v&#230;re skadelige.</p><p>En forsker og hjertespesialist intervjues. Han viser til en studie han har deltatt i. Resultatene viste at de som tar omega-3-tilskudd, har &#248;kt risiko for rytmeforstyrrelser i hjertet. Dette er en norsk studie der pasientene kom fra tre sykehus i Oslo-omr&#229;det samt Stavanger.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Det er alvorlig hvis det er slik at kosttilskudd i form av fiskeoljekapsler kan utl&#248;se alvorlige rytmeforstyrrelser. Kan det v&#230;re riktig?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="10000" height="6666" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1670850757896-e1b6c3e311ea?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxmaXNoJTIwb2lsJTIwY2Fwc3VsZXN8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcyODc0OTAzfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@supliful">Supliful - Supplements On Demand</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><h3><strong>Pr&#248;vet ut p&#229; eldre hjertepasienter</strong></h3><p>Jeg s&#229; n&#230;rmere p&#229; studien. Den er publisert i tidsskriftet Circulation i november 2020<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>. I alt 1014 pasienter var inkludert. De hadde nylig hatt et infarkt og var 75-82 &#229;r. Halvparten fikk daglig 1,8 gram omega-3-fettsyrer fra fiskeoljekapsler. Halvparten fikk kapsler med maisolje i stedet. I tillegg fortsatte en av fire &#229; ta ei skei tran daglig.</p><p>I l&#248;pet av de neste to &#229;rene ble pasientene fulgt opp. Henholdsvis 108 i fiskeolje-gruppa og 102 i maisolje-gruppa fikk nye hjertesymptomer, hjerneslag eller d&#248;de i oppf&#248;lgingstida. 108 mot 102 er i praksis ingen forskjell og kan tilskrives tilfeldigheter.</p><h3>80 prosent av hva?</h3><p>S&#229; kommer &#229;rsaken til at legen advarer mot rytmeforstyrrelser: I pasientgruppa hadde om lag en av fire hatt rytmeforstyrrelser <em>f&#248;r</em> studien startet. I alt var det 759 som <em>ikke </em>hadde hatt det. Disse ble inkludert i analyse nummer to.</p><p>Tilleggsanalysen viste at det i fiskeoljegruppa var noen flere som fikk rytmeforstyrrelser for f&#248;rste gang, 28 av 372 pasienter (7,2 prosent). I maisoljegruppa var det 15 av 387 (4,0 prosent). Dette er en forskjell p&#229; 3,2 prosentpoeng og og ikke statistisk p&#229;litelig. Man kan riktig nok regne ut at risikoen blant de som tok omega-3 var 80 prosent h&#248;yere enn risikoen blant de som fikk maisolje. Men 80 prosent av hva? Det er et intetsigende tall hvis man ikke opplyser om grunnlaget og den absolutte forskjellen p&#229; 3,2 prosentpoeng.</p><h3><strong>D&#229;rlig grunnlag for advarsler</strong></h3><p>Tilbake til pasientene: Dette var alts&#229; en gruppe 80-&#229;ringer som var inne til behandling p&#229; sykehuset. De hadde i utgangspunktet d&#229;rlig hjertehelse. Det er ikke overraskende at nye symptomer oppsto, enten de tok fiskeolje i tillegg til annen behandling, eller ikke.</p><p>Jeg ville ikke brukt denne studien til en generell advarsel mot omega-3-tilskudd, s&#230;rlig ikke n&#229;r man snakker til yngre folk. Jeg oppfatter det slik at artikkelen i Aftenposten er rettet mot personer med friske hjerter, siden den er publisert i bilaget &#171;Sprek&#187; f&#248;rst.</p><p>Vi trenger at det i blodet sirkulerer sm&#229; mengder omega-3-fettsyrer hele tida, fettsyrene er viktige ogs&#229; for andre organer enn hjertet. Som en forsker fra Troms&#248; sier n&#229;r det gjelder forebyggelse av blodpropper i venene: vi trenger ikke mye omega-3, vi trenger bare nok. Se min artikkel &#8220;<a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/har-du-spist-makrellen-din-i-dag?r=35foni&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web">Har du spist makrellen din i dag</a>?&#8221;</p><p>Der har Aftenposten-artikkelen et poeng, vi trenger ikke store mengder omega-3. Men hvis du ikke spiser fisk, kan du dekke omega-3-behovet med en kapsel i ny og ne, eller ei skei tran. Jeg vil imidlertid anbefale fisk fordi vi da f&#229;r en rekke andre n&#230;ringsstoffer i tillegg. Men at daglig tilskudd av fiskeoljekapsler n&#230;rmest er farlig, har vi d&#229;rlig belegg for.</p><p>Artikkelen i Aftenposten avslutter med &#229; framsnakke omega-9-fettsyrer. Nye forskningsresultater skal v&#230;re i kj&#248;mda. Vi f&#229;r vente med &#229; mene noe om dette til de resultatene kommer. </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Circulation. 2021;143:528&#8211;539. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052209</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Who cares about the Norwegian sandeel?]]></title><description><![CDATA[The margarine industrylead to the near extinction of the sandeel. In Norway this fat fish is threathened again, by demands from fish farming and oil industry.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/who-cares-about-the-norwegian-sandeel</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/who-cares-about-the-norwegian-sandeel</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 13:38:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Fatty marine animals and fatty fish are sought-after raw materials. Throughout much of the 1900s, first whaling, then herring and capelin fishing went hand in hand with the fish oil hydrogenation and margarine industries. The last fat fish to be exploited in Norwegian waters in this way is the lesser sandeel; in Norwegian &#8220;tobis&#8221;. In this article I use the term &#8220;sandeel&#8221; for lesser sandeel.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg" width="605" height="351" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:351,&quot;width&quot;:605,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Tre sm&#229; havsil holdes oppe i hand&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Tre sm&#229; havsil holdes oppe i hand&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Tre sm&#229; havsil holdes oppe i hand" title="Tre sm&#229; havsil holdes oppe i hand" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dsxc!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba69d609-079b-464d-93d8-0e0ce1710260_605x351.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Photo: Lesser sandeel (tobis) is long and slender. Maximum length and weight about 26 cm, 100 grams. Photo: Leif N&#248;ttestad / Institute of marine research.</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3><strong>From whale oil to fish oil</strong></h3><p>We go back to Fredrikstad in the early 1900s. The Denofa hydrogenation factory begins production of hydrogenated whale oil brought to Norway from Antarctica. The oil is hydrogenated, i.e. hardened into solid fat. In a previous article, <a href="/__u/haanes.substack.com/p/the-beginning-of-a-brutal-food-story">I wrote about how the pharmacist Helge T. Offerdahl in 1913-1916 managed to get this fat approved as human food</a>.</p><p>Despite Offerdahl&#8217;s persistent efforts, the hydrogenated whale fat did not become a success for Denofa during the first ten years. Then the story changed. In 1921, the engineer Carl Fr. Holmboe returned to the factory after a stay in England where he had worked for a company in the same industry, Lever Brothers. He moved back to Norway so that his children could grow up there.</p><p>- If I had known what I was getting into, I doubt that I would have returned, he wrote in his memoirs.</p><p>What he went to was a Denofa in financial crisis. He got loan from Lever Brothers, solved the crisis, and started marketing the hydrogenated whale fat to the margarine factories. Sales increased, but not enough. The solution was to improve the quality of the hydrogenated fat, he believed. This decision led to the herring, capelin and  sandeel populations being threatened.</p><h3><strong>Semi-solid and harmful fat</strong></h3><p>Holmboe and the chemical engineer Jacob Lund worked intensively on the hydrogenation process. In the autoclaves, they mixed whale oil, hydrogen gas and the catalyst nickel. By changing the way they applied nickel, they figured out how to control the hydrogenation process. Finally, after several years of experimentation, they were able to produce both solid and semi-solid hydrogenated whale and herring fat. Best of all &#8211; it didn&#8217;t taste or smell of whale and herring.</p><p>The new edible fat was low-hydrogenated, meaning it had absorbed less hydrogen. In modern terms we call it trans-fat. Indeed, Holmboe found that the fatty acids changed shape in the process. The fat was different from the fat the pharmacist Offerdahl had had approved a few years earlier. It was so anomalous that it had to be tested on humans. Two students participated in a trial at the University of Oslo. The results showed that the new low-hydrogenated fat was well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and utilised in the body. No short-term adverse effects were detected. </p><p>For the margarine industry, this low-hydrogenated fat was the perfect ingredient. The fact that the fat could be made semi-solid and suitably soft was related to a high content of trans fatty acids. </p><p>Today, we know that the abundance of trans fatty acids in the low-hydrogenated fat caused a countless number of heart attacks in the long term. </p><p>Soon, the new semi-solid fat was the favourite for margarine factories. In 1934, 84 percent of whale oil from Antarctica unloaded in Europe was used in margarine production. Herring oil was also quickly adopted. During the last world war there was a break in the production, but then sales picked up sharply when the war ended in 1945.</p><h3><strong>Fat is an environmental issue</strong></h3><p>How does this relate to the situation for the sandeel today? Sandeel was the last species of fat fish from Norwegian waters that was threatened from margarine production. First, the whaling in Antarctica ended with the near extinction of blue whales. Then there was intense herring and capelin fisheries with subsequent herring and capelin crisis. Then there was a cod crisis because the cod preys on capelin. To borrow a title from the journal Nature: Fat is an environmental issue.</p><p>The sandeel fishery catches increased in the 1970s. Oil from sandeel and imported fish replaced oil from whales, herring and capelin.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg" width="605" height="351" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:351,&quot;width&quot;:605,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;tobis stikker hodet opp av sanden&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;tobis stikker hodet opp av sanden&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="tobis stikker hodet opp av sanden" title="tobis stikker hodet opp av sanden" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ArYo!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d2107-6da4-44df-916d-e5f048f632b4_605x351.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Photo: The lower jaw of the lesser sandeel (tobis) is shaped like a mini excavator. It burrows in coarse sand in the seabed and lives there during wintertime. Later the larvae and small fish burrow down where their parents lived. Photo: Institute of marine research.</em></p><p>In the 1990s, part of the sandeel population escaped the trawl bags because it lived in the sandy seabed between boulders at the bottom of the North Sea. It was difficult to trawl there, and sandeels survived in this area. Some sandeels also live on the Viking Bank outside the West coast of Norway. In this area the stock has been critically low since the late 1990s due to fishing and probably gas- and oil industry nearby.</p><p>When catches fell, the fishing industry assumed that the stock would regulate itself according to the simple logic: low catches mean reduced fishing until the number of sandeels increases and fishing subsequently starts over again. This logic failed. Around 2000 extinction was nearby. By regulation from 2003 Norway managed to protect the stock in the Norwegian area of the North Sea. </p><h3><strong>The predation continues</strong></h3><p>By this time, the Norwegian margarine industry had stopped using hydrogenated marine fat, and other food manufacturers had followed suit. One might think that the sandeel would be left alone when margarine producers stopped buying hydrogenated fish fat. But at this time another industry asked for fish meal and oil: the fish farming industry. </p><p>Despite the regulation, the catches were still too high. Subsequently in 2025, sandeel fishing was closed in Norwegian waters of the North Sea. </p><p>At the same time sandeel fishing had been closed in English and Scottish waters. The decisions were taken to protect vulnerable seabird populations and support the wider marine environment.</p><blockquote><p>&#8230; the closure of the sandeel fishing i English waters of the North Sea remains necessary to achieve our objective of improving the protection and recovery of the marine ecosystem, as well as the Good Environmental Status (GES) of UK waters. (From: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/cabinet-office">Cabinet Office</a> and <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-environment-food-rural-affairs">Department for Environment, Food &amp; Rural Affairs</a>, 2 May 2025).</p></blockquote><p>This year, Norway will re-open sandeel fisheries in some areas of the North Sea. In addition, oil- and gas industry has planned to drill in these areas. This means that the sandeel is threatened from both the fishing industry and the oil- and gas industry - as well as the Norwegian government which is responsible for the decision-making. </p><p>If the sandeel disappears, ecosystems could collapse. Cod, haddock, whiting, saithe, pollack, flounder, and sea birds prey on sandeel.  For nature a depletion of sandeel can have major ripple effects on life above and below water on the coast. It is about time the predation on sandeel stops.</p><h3><strong>Sources</strong></h3><p>Institute of marine research, fact sheet:<a href="https://www.hi.no/hi/temasider/arter/tobis"> Sandeel / Tobis</a>.</p><p>NRK &#8211; Norwegian broadcasting corporation: <a href="https://www.nrk.no/norge/trosser-advarsler-_-ny-oljetillatelse-i-matfatet-til-lundefuglen-1.17727292">Trosser advarsler &#8211; ny oljetillatelse i matfatet til lundefuglen</a></p><p>Directorate of fisheries. Regulation of sandeel fisheries in 2026 / Regulering av fisket etter tobis i 2026. <a href="https://www.fiskeridir.no/yrkesfiske/reguleringsmotet/reguleringsmote-november-2025/sak-28-2025-tobis.pdf">Sak-28-2025-tobis.pdf</a> </p><p>Norwegian environmental agency. Status of knowledge for lesser sandeel in Norwegian zone of the North Sea. <a href="https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/sharepoint/downloaditem?id=01FM3LD2Q2TRXPWPI2KVD3CVUU7DMVXHYY">Report from marine research 2021-33</a>. (Summary in English). </p><p>gov.uk: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/response-to-arbitration-tribunal-final-report-uk-sandeel-the-european-union-v-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland">https://www.gov.uk/government/news/response-to-arbitration-tribunal-final-report-uk-sandeel-the-european-union-v-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland</a></p><p>If you read Norwegian, take a look at my book on the history of margarine and trans fatty acids in the Norwegian diet. &#8220;The dangerous oil adventure. The history on whale and fish fat in margarine&#8221;, Orkana Publishing 2023. <a href="https://www.norli.no/boker/hobby-og-fritid/mat-og-drikke/det-farlige-oljeeventyret">Order the book</a>.</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hvem bryr seg om tobisen?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Margarinindustrien bidro til nesten-utryddelse av tobisen. N&#229; er denne feite fisken trua p&#229; ny. Olje- og gassindustrien vil bore. Hva skjer da med torsk og hyse som lever av tobis?]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/hvem-bryr-seg-om-tobisen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/hvem-bryr-seg-om-tobisen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 14:20:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Feite havdyr og feit fisk er ettertrakta r&#229;varer. Gjennom store deler av 1900-tallet gikk f&#248;rst hvalfangst, s&#229; sildefiske og loddefiske h&#229;nd i h&#229;nd med fettherdings- og margarinindustrien. Den siste feite fisken som utnyttes i norske farvann, er tobisen. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg" width="605" height="351" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:351,&quot;width&quot;:605,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Tre sm&#229; havsil holdes oppe i hand&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Tre sm&#229; havsil holdes oppe i hand&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Tre sm&#229; havsil holdes oppe i hand" title="Tre sm&#229; havsil holdes oppe i hand" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gyJj!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68b9780d-0648-483b-bb9d-fbcfc51a7830_605x351.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Tobisen er lang og slank og en av fem arter i havsil-familien. Fisken kan bli opptil 26 cm og veie 0,1 kg. Fotograf: Leif N&#248;ttestad / Havforskningsinstituttet.</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3>Fra hvalolje til fiskeolje</h3><p>Vi g&#229;r tilbake til Fredrikstad p&#229; begynnelsen av 1900-tallet. Fettherdingsfabrikken Denofa har startet produksjon og tar imot hvalolje fra Antarktis. Oljen hydrogeneres, det vil si herdes til fast fett. Jeg skrev<a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/starten-pa-ei-brutal-mathistorie?utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web"> i forrige artikkel</a> om hvordan apotekeren Helge T. Offerdahl i 1913-1916 klarte &#229; f&#229; dette fettet godkjent som menneskemat.</p><p>Til tross for Offerdahls iherdige innsats ble herdet hvalfett likevel ingen suksess for Denofa de f&#248;rste ti &#229;rene. S&#229; endres historien. I 1921 kommer ingeni&#248;r Carl Fr. Holmboe tilbake til fabrikken etter et opphold i England hvor han hadde arbeidet for en bedrift i samme bransje; Lever Brothers. Han flytta tilbake til Norge for at barna skulle vokse opp her.</p><p>- Hadde jeg visst hva jeg gikk til, er det tvilsomt om jeg hadde kommet tilbake, skriver han i memoarene.</p><p>Det han gikk til, var et Denofa i &#248;konomisk krise. Han l&#248;ste krisen, skaffet l&#229;n fra Lever Brothers og gikk i gang med &#229; markedsf&#248;re det herdede hvalfettet til margarinfabrikkene. Salget gikk bedre, men ikke bra nok. L&#248;sningen m&#229;tte v&#230;re &#229; bedre kvaliteten p&#229; fettet, mente han. Denne avgj&#248;relsen ble en suksess for bedriften, men en tragedie for naturen. Den f&#248;rte til n&#230;r utryddelse av bl&#229;hvalen, og til at sild-, lodde- og n&#229; ogs&#229; tobisbestanden ble trua.</p><h3><strong>Halvfast og helsefarlig fett</strong></h3><p>Holmboe og kjemiingeni&#248;ren Jacob Lund jobbet intenst med herdingsprosessen. I autoklavene blandet de hvalolje, hydrogengass og katalysatoren nikkel. Ved &#229; endre p&#229; m&#229;ten de tilf&#248;rte nikkel p&#229;, fant de ut hvordan de kunne styre opptaket av hydrogen i fettet. Til slutt, etter flere &#229;rs eksperimentering, kunne de produsere b&#229;de fast og halvfast hydrogenert hval- og sildefett. Best av alt &#8211; det verken smakte eller luktet av hval og sild.</p><p>Det nye fettet var lavherdet eller lavhydrogenert, noe som betyr at det hadde tatt opp mindre hydrogen. Holmboe fant at fettsyrene endret form i prosessen. Dette var derfor et annet fett enn det apotekeren Offerdahl hadde f&#229;tt godkjent noen &#229;r tidligere. Det var s&#229; avvikende at det m&#229;tte pr&#248;ves ut p&#229; mennesker. Dette siste problemet m&#229;tte ogs&#229; l&#248;ses. To studenter var fors&#248;kspersoner. Resultatene viste at ogs&#229; det nye lavherdede fettet ble tatt opp fra mage-tarmkanalen og utnyttet i kroppen. Universitetet i Oslo godkjente fettet.</p><p>For margarinindustrien var dette den perfekte ingrediensen. Ingen kortsiktige bivirkninger p&#229; mennesker ble notert. At fettet kunne gj&#248;res halvfast og passe mykt hadde sammenheng med et h&#248;yt innhold av transfettsyrer. I dag vet vi at transfettsyrene i det lavherdede fettet kan gi alvorlige bivirkninger p&#229; lang sikt. Men det var ingen langvarig utpr&#248;ving og heller ingen registrering av mulige bivirkninger, slik vi i dag registrerer bivirkninger av legemidler.</p><p>Snart var det nye halvfaste fettet favoritten for margarinfabrikkene. I 1934 ble 84 prosent av hvaloljen som ble losset i Europa, brukt i margarinproduksjon. Ogs&#229; sildolje ble raskt tatt i bruk. Under siste verdenskrig var det en pause, men s&#229; tok salget seg kraftig opp da krigen sluttet i 1945.</p><p>I Norge subsidierte staten det marine fettet, for det gjaldt &#229; skaffe befolkningen billige kalorier. Dessuten sparte staten valuta fordi man brukte norske r&#229;varer i stedet for kokosfett og planteoljer som m&#229;tte importeres og krevde valuta.</p><h3><strong>Fett er en milj&#248;sak</strong></h3><p>Hvordan henger dette sammen med situasjonen for tobisen? Tobis var siste fiskeslag i rekka av pattedyr og norsk fisk som forsvant i margarinproduksjon. F&#248;rst hadde vi et hvaleventyr, s&#229; et sildeeventyr med p&#229;f&#248;lgende kriser. Etter sildekrisa kom loddekrise,  samt torskekrise fordi torsken lever av lodde. Regulering i 1987 berga lodda. For &#229; l&#229;ne en tittel fra tidsskriftet Nature: Fett er en milj&#248;sak.</p><p>P&#229; 1970-tallet utvikla tobisfisket seg voldsomt. Margarinfabrikkene gikk for fullt, eksporten likes&#229;. Olje fra tobis erstatta noe av oljen fra hval, sild og lodde.</p><p>Se p&#229; n&#230;rbildet av en tobis nedenfor. Underkjeven er formet som en mini-gravemaskin. Den graver seg ned i sandbunn og lever der store deler av &#229;ret. Den kommer bare opp for &#229; spise alger og gyte. Larvene og sm&#229;fisken graver seg ned der foreldrene bodde.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg" width="605" height="351" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:351,&quot;width&quot;:605,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:77315,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/i/187086481?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPAe!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a7c6d22-9ac7-4b48-9443-3a7f0367fe3e_605x351.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Tobisen bruker den spise kjeven til &#229; grave seg ned i sandbunnen. Foto: Havforskningsinstituttet.</em></p><p>P&#229; 1990-tallet kom en del av tobis-bestanden seg unna tr&#229;lposene fordi den levde i sanden mellom steinblokker p&#229; bunnen av Nordsj&#248;en. Her var det vanskelig &#229; tr&#229;le, og tobis som hadde heimen sin her, overlevde. Noe tobis lever ogs&#229; p&#229; Vikingbanken utenfor Vestlandet, men det er lite igjen. Den har v&#230;rt offer for tr&#229;ling, og i tillegg er omr&#229;det utsatt for forurensning fra n&#230;rliggende olje- og gassindustri. Begge deler kan forklare at tobisbestanden p&#229; Vikingbanken har v&#230;rt kritisk lav siden slutten av 1990-tallet.</p><p>Fiskerin&#230;ringen antok at bestanden ville regulere seg selv ut fra den enkle logikken: sm&#229; fangster betyr redusert fiske, n&#229;r antallet tobis &#248;ker igjen, kan fisket starte p&#229; nytt. Men det var for enkelt &#229; tenke slik. Utryddelsen var n&#230;r. En siste redningsaksjon skjedde da Norge klarte &#229; f&#229; til en egen norsk regulering for rest-bestanden i Nordsj&#248;en. Det var i 2003.</p><h3><strong>Ikke fred &#229; f&#229;</strong></h3><p>Ved &#229;rtusenskiftet hadde norsk margarinindustri sluttet &#229; bruke herdet marint fett, og andre matprodusenter fulgte etter. Man kunne tro at tobisen da fikk v&#230;re i fred. Men nei, da sto en annen kunde i klar: oppdrettsindustrien. Tobisen ble mat for oppdrettslaksen i stedet, i form av fiskemel og -olje.</p><p>Til tross for reguleringen ble det fortsatt fisket for mye. I 2025 ble fisket stoppet. I &#229;r er det &#229;pnet igjen. Bestanden trues derfor p&#229; to fronter, av fisket og petroleumsvirksomhet.</p><p>Hvis tobisen forsvinner, kan &#248;kosystemer falle sammen. Tobisen er mat for torsk, hyse, hvitting, sei, lyr, flyndre og sj&#248;fugl. Lite tobis kan bety mindre sei, torsk og hyse. Tobismangel kan gi store ringvirkninger for livet over og under vann langs kysten.</p><p>Men hvem bryr seg om tobisen n&#229;r det er mer kortsiktige penger &#229; hente p&#229; &#229; skaffe oppdrettslaksen mat og &#229; vedlikeholde aktiviteten i olje- og gassn&#230;ringen? For folkehelsa har vi sett langsiktige helseskader av det herdede fettet. Hvilke langsiktige milj&#248;skader vil en utryddelse eller n&#230;r-utryddelse av tobisen f&#229;? Det er bare ett &#229; si: rovdriften m&#229; ta slutt, ogs&#229; i Norge. Storbritannia stoppet tobisfisket i sine farvann i 2024, til tross for protester fra EU. Form&#229;let var &#229; beskytte sj&#248;fugl og &#248;kosystem.  </p><h3><strong>Kilder</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.hi.no/hi/temasider/arter/tobis">Tobis | Havforskningsinstituttet</a></p><p>H&#229;nes H. Kapittel II i: Det farlige oljeeventyret. Historien hval- og sildefett i margarinen. Orkana forlag. 2023. <a href="https://www.norli.no/boker/hobby-og-fritid/mat-og-drikke/det-farlige-oljeeventyret">Bestill boka her</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.nrk.no/norge/trosser-advarsler-_-ny-oljetillatelse-i-matfatet-til-lundefuglen-1.17727292">Trosser advarsler &#8211; ny oljetillatelse i matfatet til lundefuglen &#8211; NRK Norge</a></p><p>Fiskeridirektoratet. Regulering av fisket etter tobis i 2026. <a href="https://www.fiskeridir.no/yrkesfiske/reguleringsmotet/reguleringsmote-november-2025/sak-28-2025-tobis.pdf">Sak-28-2025-tobis.pdf</a></p><p>Milj&#248;direktoratet. <a href="https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/sharepoint/downloaditem?id=01FM3LD2Q2TRXPWPI2KVD3CVUU7DMVXHYY">Kunnskapsstatus for havsil &lt;tobis&gt; i norsk sone av Nordsj&#248;en</a>. Rapport fra havforskningen 2021-33. </p><p>gov.uk: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/response-to-arbitration-tribunal-final-report-uk-sandeel-the-european-union-v-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland">https://www.gov.uk/government/news/response-to-arbitration-tribunal-final-report-uk-sandeel-the-european-union-v-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland</a></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The beginning of a brutal food story]]></title><description><![CDATA[After studies involving only three subjects, hydrogenated marine oil entered the food market. A Norwegian pharmacist was the driving force.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/the-beginning-of-a-brutal-food-story</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/the-beginning-of-a-brutal-food-story</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 10:16:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Berlin 1913. On a downtown street, a man faints. He comes to himself when four drivers stand over him and pour &#8220;something wet&#8221; in his face. They get hold of a car that drives the man to his dormitory in Oranienstrasse 106. Here he fell into bed and slept for the rest of the day.</p><p>The man is the pharmacist Helge T. Offerdahl. He had been a driving force in establishing Denofa, a hydrogenation plant for whale oil in Fredrikstad, a harbour-town in south-eastern Norway. So far, most of the hydrogenated fat had been exported to soap factories in Great Britain.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Offerdahl was convinced that hydrogenated whale oil was edible and could be mixed in margarine, shortening and other foods. This is a stupid idea; he was told by the members of Denofa&#8217;s board. Stubborn and offended Offerdahl went to Germany on his own initiative. In Germany he had business associates helping him to prove that hydrogenated whale oil was edible. The crucial point was to prove that the oil was absorbed in the intestines to the same degree as butter.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg" width="801" height="1240" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1240,&quot;width&quot;:801,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Hydrogenated whale oil, second generation. The fat Offerdahl tested in Berlin probably tasted &#8220;whale&#8221; and had lower quality. Photo: Mekonnen Wolday, Whaling museum in Sandefjord, Norway.  </em></p><h3><strong>A new, cheap fat</strong></h3><p>At this time the edible fat industry was entering the second phase of product development. Until now shortening and margarine had been produced from natural fats like tallow and coconut fat. The American industry was already entering the second phase; using hydrogenated oils in the production. The first product was Crisco produced from hydrogenated cotton oil.</p><p>In Norway and northern Europe the margarine industry was still in the first phase, demanding only natural solid fats, such as tallow, coconut and palm kernel fat to mix in their products. In Offerdahl&#8217;s opinion hydrogenated whale oil could replace at least some of these natural fats. </p><p>In Germany, Offerdahl wore himself out to prove that hydrogenated whale oil was edible. He was almost 60 years old and had been in Germany for several months to conduct testing in the laboratory and on animals. Now in Berlin, he was to perform the final work, analysing faeces and urine to document that the whale fat was absorbed in the human intestine to the same extent as butter.</p><p>Offerdahl himself was the only study subject, because there had been problems finding someone to participate in the study. After two days on the whale oil diet four candidates denied continuing. They could not stand eating more of this fat, they said. </p><p>In the morning when Offerdahl fainted in the street, he had delivered the last stool and urine samples to the laboratory. He was exhausted after the long-term diet experiments, first a period on butter and then two periods on hydrogenated whale fat. At the same time, he was working in the laboratory from early morning till late evening.</p><h3><strong>Got visual illusions</strong></h3><p>The day after the incident in the street, he went to the institute again. Now, he got visual illusions. Around the heads of people he met in the street there were black circles, in some cases resembling snakes and birds. He had to go to the institute by car.</p><p>&#8220;You&#8217;re overworked,&#8221; says Professor Franz M&#252;ller as he steps forward. M&#252;ller is not surprised. &#8220;I&#8217;ve been waiting for this,&#8221; the professor said, and ordered four days rest without reading, without talking to anyone, and with the least amount of light.</p><p>M&#252;ller had warned Offerdahl against being a study subject himself. Remember the Maretti margarine, he had said. About two years earlier, a margarine factory in the Hamburg area had mixed a cheap Indian seed oil into the margarine. Toxic substances caused severe vomiting and some deaths. This Maretti scandal happened even though the seed oil had been examined and analysed beforehand.</p><p>Could the disturbances Offerdahl experienced be related to unknown substances in the whale fat? No, not at all is the unspoken question in the autobiographical text he wrote 22 years later. Later in his life he never experienced anything like it.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></p><h3><strong>Equal to butter</strong></h3><p>The laboratory analyses showed that butter and hydrogenated whale fat were absorbed in the intestine to the same extent, 95 percent. There were no side effects. However, when professors at the University of Oslo, Norway, was asked to assess the work, they demanded that the fat should be tested on younger subjects as well. In Stockholm a benevolent professor Johansson engaged two younger people for the diet experiment. The result was the same as in Berlin. Consequently, in 1916 the fat was approved after testing on a total of three human beings, a cat and two dogs.</p><h3><strong>The beginning</strong></h3><p>Offerdahl&#8217;s work on the hydrogenated whale fat is part of the history of the margarine and hydrogenation industry.</p><p>In 1913 hydrogenated cotton seed oil and other hydrogenated <em>plant oils</em> were already ingredients in shortenings and margarines in the US. In US the shortening Crisco was introduced in the market in 1911 and became a success. In Europe it took some years before hydrogenated oils became an important ingredient in margarines, shortenings and cooking oils. Another difference was that European industry after some years used huge volumes of hydrogenated <em>marine oils</em>. In Berlin Offerdahl tested the first version of this hydrogenated fat.  </p><p>I must admire Offerdahls effort but not the purpose of his work. Hydrogenated fats and oils are associated with an increased risk of heart attack due to the trans fatty acids formed during the hydrogenation process. This was not known in 1913 - 1916. The next version of the hydrogenated marine oils was developed around 1930. This contained significantly more trans fatty acids than the fat Offerdahl tested. More about that in a later post.</p><h3><strong>From a remote area on the west coast</strong></h3><p>What brought a guy from a small farm in the remote western fjords of Norway to become an industrial entrepreneur and later travelling to Berlin to study the characteristics of whale oil? Strong belief in his own ideas as well as the power to carry out these ideas, writes Henrik Andersgaard in a biography.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p><p>At the age of 12, Offerdahl bought a chemistry textbook by mail order. He read the book several times. A couple of years later, he was to row the master across the fjord for errands at the town of L&#230;rdals&#248;ren. While waiting for the return trip, Offerdahl walked into a house with a sign telling it was a pharmacy. The shelves were like pages in the textbook. But he found that some labels were wrongly spelled. &#8220;It should say H2SO4, not SO3, he says to the pharmacist and points to a bottle of sulphuric acid. The pharmacist looked at him and replied: &#8220;Perhaps you would like to come to the pharmacy?&#8221;</p><p>Offerdahl was overwhelmed by the offer. &#8220;That night I rowed the master home in a terrific storm, rowed so the blood ran off my nails,&#8221; the old pharmacist told the local newspaper &#216;stlandsposten interviewing him for his 75th anniversary.</p><p>The young boy later got a job as an apprentice in the pharmacy and went on to study pharmacy. He was particularly interested in food chemistry, and in this way, he came across the issue of hydrogenation of whale oil, which I write about in the book &#8220;The Dangerous Oil Adventure. The story of whale and fish fat in margarine&#8221; (in Norwegian).<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a></p><p>Was Offerdahl a poor hero who became a winner in the end? Perhaps he rather was an underdog who was successful in his time. He was not well known in the society but was given a place in the textbooks.</p><h3><strong>A massacre </strong></h3><p>The history of the hydrogenated marine oils did not end with Offerdahl. His effort was just the start. Today we know that many lives could have been saved if Norwegian industry never had started hydrogenating marine oils. In Antarctica, numerous blue whales could have survived if the margarine industry did not push for more whale oil. It was a massacre; 150.000 blue whales were killed.</p><p>The deaths among humans and marine animals occurred after Helge T. Offerdahl suddenly died from a stroke while skiing in the woods outside Oslo, Norway, in 1938.</p><p>His story is a reminder to consider not only the immediate benefits of foods such as the energy content and digestibility, and the absence of short-term side effects. Side-effects may occur in the long term. Edible fat is an environmental issue as well, nature may be affected in ways not imagined by the pioneers. Long-term effects are more difficult to spot than short-term effects. This is the case both when the driving force is a single, stubborn man and a powerful food industry. </p><p>I am not sure that all ingredients in the processed foods consumed today are better tested, and environmental effects better considered, than the hydrogenated oils first introduced at the beginning of the 1900s.</p><h3><strong>Litterature</strong></h3><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Offerdahl H. T. Short memories from a bygone era. Small memories of 65 years of practical work in modern pharmacy. Larvik: Ant. Anderssen&#8217;s Printing House. 1934. (Norwegian)</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Andersgaard, H. Pharmacist Helge Thomassen Offerdahl &#8211; a pioneer in the Norwegian food industry. Norwegian Pharmaceutical Journal 8/2003 pp. 30-33 and at Farmatid.no. (Norwegian)</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>H&#229;nes H. The Dangerous Oil Adventure. The story about whale and herring fat in the margarine. Orkana. 2023. (Norwegian: Det farlige oljeeventyret. Historien hval- og sildefett i margarinen. Orkana forlag. 2023. <a href="https://www.norli.no/boker/hobby-og-fritid/mat-og-drikke/det-farlige-oljeeventyret">Bestill boka her</a>.)</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Starten på ei brutal mathistorie]]></title><description><![CDATA[Etter &#229; ha vore pr&#248;vd ut p&#229; tre personar kom den f&#248;rste margarinen med herda kvalfeitt p&#229; marknaden. Ein norsk apotekar utl&#248;yste ei brutal historie.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/starten-pa-ei-brutal-mathistorie</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/starten-pa-ei-brutal-mathistorie</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2026 12:40:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Berlin 1913. I ei sentrumsgate besvimer ein norsk farmas&#248;yt. Han kjem til seg sj&#248;lv d&#229; fire sj&#229;f&#248;rar st&#229;r over han og heller &#171;noko v&#229;tt&#187; i ansiktet hans. Dei f&#229;r tak i ein bil som k&#248;yrer nordmannen heim til hybelen i Oranienstrasse 106. Her fell han om p&#229; senga og s&#248;v i eit d&#248;gn.</p><p>Farmas&#248;yten og apotekaren er Helge T. Offerdahl. Han har vore ei drivkraft bak etableringa av den nye feittherdingsfabrikken Denofa i Fredrikstad. Produksjonen av herda kvalolje er no godt i gang. Feittet blir levert til s&#229;pefabrikkar og anna industri. Kundane er blant anna Lilleborg fabrikker.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg" width="801" height="1240" 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/__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nWi!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22016879-7582-4c20-a3c5-b521772c2ae2_801x1240.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Kvalolje etter herding. Dette er andre generasjon herda kvalfeitt. Det feittet som Offerdahl pr&#248;vde ut i Berlin, hadde truleg d&#229;rlegare smakskvalitet, sidan dei f&#248;rste fors&#248;kspersonane ikkje klarte &#229; ete det. Foto: Mekonnen Wolday, Hvalfangstmuseet i Sandefjord.  </em></p><p>Offerdahl meinte at Denofa-styret satsa feil. Feittet kunne etast, det var nyttig mat, meinte han. Denofa burde produsere for matvareindustrien. F&#229; ville h&#248;yre p&#229; han. P&#229; eige initiativ drog han derfor til Tyskland. Her i Berlin var han i ferd med &#229; slite seg ut for &#229; skaffe bevis for at herda feitt var nyttig mat. Han var nesten 60 &#229;r gammal og hadde vore i Tyskland i fleire m&#229;nader for &#229; drive utpr&#248;ving av kvalfeittet. Han analyserte avf&#248;ring og urin for &#229; dokumentere at herda kvalfeitt blei tatt opp fr&#229; tarmen i like stor grad som sm&#248;r. Dette var viktig i ei tid d&#229; det var mangel p&#229; fast feitt i Nord-Europa, slik som talg, flesk og sm&#248;r. Herda kvalfeitt kunne bli det nye matfeittet. Dette var lenge f&#248;r planteoljene fl&#248;ymde inn i matindustrien og butikkhyllene.</p><p>Offerdahl sj&#248;lv var den einaste fors&#248;kspersonen, for det hadde vore vanskeleg &#229; f&#229; andre til &#229; ete kvalfeitt. Fire personar takka nei etter &#229; ha pr&#248;vd. Det smakte for mye &#8220;kval&#8221;. Dette ville dei aldri meir ete, var tilbakemeldinga. Offerdahl derimot &#229;t kvalfeittet &#8220;med den samme letthet som han spiste sm&#248;r&#8221;.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>  Den morgonen d&#229; han besvimte i gata, hadde Offerdfahl levert den siste avf&#248;rings- og urinpr&#248;va p&#229; laboratoriet. Han var sliten etter langvarige diettfors&#248;k. Samtidig sto han i laboratoriet fr&#229; morgon til kveld.</p><h3><strong>Fekk hallusinasjonar</strong></h3><p>Dagen etter at han fall om i gata g&#229;r han p&#229; ny til instituttet. No f&#229;r han synsforstyrringar. Det er svarte ringar rundt ansikta til folk han m&#248;ter p&#229; gata. I nokre tilfelle er ringane forma som slangar og fuglar. Han m&#229;tte ta ein bil for &#229; kome seg til instituttet.</p><p>&#8211; Du er overanstrengt, seier professor Franz M&#252;ller d&#229; han kjem fram. M&#252;ller er ikkje overraska. Han har sett at Offerdahl har jobba sv&#230;rt lange dagar i laboratoriet. &#8211; Dette har eg venta p&#229;, sa professoren og forordna fire dagars kvile utan &#229; lese, utan &#229; snakke med nokon og med minst mogleg lys.</p><p>M&#252;ller hadde advart Offerdahl mot &#229; bruke seg sj&#248;lv som fors&#248;ksperson. Hugs Maretti-margarinen, minte han om. Dette var ein stor skandale. Ein fabrikk i Hamburg-omr&#229;det hadde berre eit par &#229;r tidlegare blanda inn ein billeg, indisk fr&#248;olje i margarinen. Giftige stoff i fr&#248;oljen ga sterke brekningar og f&#248;rte til fleire d&#248;dsfall. Dette skjedde trass i at fr&#248;oljen var unders&#248;kt og analysert p&#229; f&#248;rehand.</p><p>Kunne forstyrringane Offerdahl opplevde ha samband med ukjende stoff i kvalfeittet? Nei, langt ifr&#229; er undertonen i den sj&#248;lvbiografiske teksten han skreiv 22 &#229;r seinare. I dei &#229;ra som hadde g&#229;tt fr&#229; fors&#248;ket i Berlin til han sat og skreiv p&#229; sj&#248;lvbiografien, opplevde han aldri noko liknande.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p><h3><strong>Likestilte sm&#248;r og kvalfeitt</strong></h3><p>Laboratoriearbeidet viste at sm&#248;r og herda kvalfeitt blei tatt opp fr&#229; tarmen i like stor grad, 95 prosent. Det var ingen biverknader. Offerdahl sende rapporten til departementet i Oslo, som sende den vidare til Universitetet. Her kravde fagmilj&#248;et at feittet ogs&#229; m&#229;tte pr&#248;vast p&#229; yngre personar. I Stockholm fekk han hjelp av ein velvillig professor Johansson som engasjerte to yngre personar til diettfors&#248;ka. Resultatet blei det same som i Berlin. I 1916 var rapporten klar og fagfolka konkluderte med at herda kvalfeitt var fullverdig mat. Det var fritt fram for industrien &#229; blande det i margarin.</p><p>Offerdahls arbeid er historisk. Resultata la grunnlaget for seinare utvikling og bruk av store mengder kvalfeitt i norsk og europeisk margarinindustri. Eg m&#229; beundre innsatsen, men beklage form&#229;let. Herda kvalfeitt er forbunde med auka risiko for hjerteinfarkt fordi det inneheld transfeittsyrer. Neste versjon av det herda kvalfeittet vart utvikla rundt 1930. Det inneheldt betydeleg meir transfeittsyrer enn det feittet Offerdahl pr&#248;vde ut, men meir om det ein annan gong.</p><h3><strong>Fr&#229; husmannsplass</strong></h3><p>Kva var det som brakte ein gut fr&#229; husmannsplassen Kleivi i &#197;rdal i Sogn vidare til Fredrikstad som industrigr&#252;ndar og seinare til Berlin? Sterk tru p&#229; eigne idear og kraft til &#229; gjennomf&#248;re det han hadde sett f&#248;re seg, skriv Henrik Andersgaard i ein biografisk artikkel p&#229; farmatid.no <a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a></p><p>Som 12-&#229;ring bestilte Offerdahl ei l&#230;rebok i kjemi p&#229; postordre. Han las boka om att og om att. Eit par &#229;r seinare skulle han ro husbonden over fjorden fordi han hadde nokre &#230;rend p&#229; L&#230;rdals&#248;ren. Mens han venta p&#229; tilbaketuren, gjekk Offerdahl inn i eit hus det sto Apotek p&#229;. Hyllene var som ei utg&#229;ve av l&#230;reboka. Men han fann feil. &#171;Det skal st&#229; H2SO4, ikkje SO3 seier han til apotekaren og peikar p&#229; flaska med svovelsyre. &#171;Du vil kanskje komme p&#229; apotek&#187;, sp&#248;r apotekaren. </p><p>Det var som ein himmel opna seg for guten.</p><p>- Den natta rodde eg husbonden heim i forrykende storm, &#171;rodde s&#229; blodet av neglene sprang, fortalte den gamle apoteker&#187; til &#216;stlandsposten d&#229; han vart intervjua i samband med 75-&#229;rsdagen.</p><p>Ungguten fekk jobb som dreng og seinare l&#230;regut i apoteket. Ferda gjekk vidare til farmas&#248;yteksamen. Han var s&#230;rleg interessert i matvarekjemi, og slik hamna han borti kvalfeitt, som eg skriv om i boka &#171;Det farlige oljeeventyret. Historien om hval- og fiskefett i margarinen&#187;.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="#footnote-4" target="_self">4</a></p><p>Enkelte har samanlikna Helge T. Offerdahl med Askeladden. I norske folkeeventyr er Espen Askeland eit ideal og ein helt som kjem fr&#229; fattige k&#229;r. Han er yngstesonen som ingen forventar noko av, han er litt lat, snill og lett &#229; ha med &#229; gjere, men sigrar likevel til slutt.</p><p>Dette passar ikkje heilt p&#229; Offerdahl. Han kom fr&#229; fattige k&#229;r, men elles er det ulikt. Han var eldst av seks s&#248;sken, sette krav til seg sj&#248;lv og jobba hardt for &#229; fors&#248;rge seg og familien. Apotekaryrket var den gong d&#229;rleg betalt, og han tok derfor mange ekstraoppdrag. Blant anna var han l&#230;rar i kjemi og ern&#230;ringsfysiologi, og han var rettskjemikar og konsulent for politi og tollvesen.</p><p>Var Offerdahl ein helt som sigra til slutt? Kanskje han heller kan kallast ein underdog som gjorde suksess i den tida han levde i. Han vart ikkje kjent i samfunnet, men fekk ein plass i fagb&#248;kene. Han medverka til at det herda kvalfeittet kunne blandast i margarin og slik gi folk kaloriar d&#229; det var matmangel under f&#248;rste verdskrig og seinare.</p><h3><strong>Brutal historie</strong></h3><p>Historia om det herda kvalfeittet slutta ikkje med Offerdahl. Han innsats var berre starten. I dag veit vi at mange liv kunne ha vore spart om norsk industri aldri hadde begynt &#229; herde kvalfeitt. I Antarktis kunne talrike bl&#229;kvalar ha overlevd dersom ikkje margarinindustrien pressa p&#229; for &#229; f&#229; meir og meir kvalolje. Til slutt var havet nesten tomt for bl&#229;kval.</p><p>D&#248;dsfalla blant menneske og havdyr skjedde etter at Helge T. Offerdahl d&#248;de p&#229; ein skitur i Nordmarka i 1938. Det er ei p&#229;minning om at vi m&#229; vente med &#229; utrope folk til heltar. Det minner oss ogs&#229; om at mat er meir enn kaloriar. Alt som kan etast, ford&#248;yast og omdannast til energi er ikkje n&#248;dvendigvis bra for helsa. F&#248;lgjer kan oppst&#229; b&#229;de p&#229; kort og lang sikt. Dei langsiktige f&#248;lgjene for helse og milj&#248; er vanskelegast &#229; f&#229; auge p&#229;. Det gjeld enten det er ein enkelt mann eller ein heil industri som er drivkrafta.</p><h3>Kjelder</h3><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>H&#229;nes H. Det farlige oljeevnentyret. Historien hval- og sildefett i margarinen. Kapittel II. Orkana. 2023.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Offerdahl H T. Korte erindringer fra en svunnen tid. Sm&#229; minner om 65 &#229;rs praktisk arbeide i den moderne farmasi. Larvik: Ant. Anderssens Trykkeri. 1934.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Andersgaard, H. Apotekar Helge Thomassen Offerdahl &#8211; ein pioner i norsk n&#230;ringsmiddelindustri<strong>. </strong>Norsk farmas&#248;ytisk Tidsskrift 8/2003 s. 30-33 og p&#229; Farmatid.no.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-4" href="#footnote-anchor-4" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">4</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>H&#229;nes H. Det farlige oljeeventyret. Historien hval- og sildefett i margarinen. Orkana forlag. 2023. <a href="https://www.norli.no/boker/hobby-og-fritid/mat-og-drikke/det-farlige-oljeeventyret">Bestill boka her</a>.</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Oslo Diet-Heart Study finally archived]]></title><description><![CDATA[Recommendations about cholesterol and fat have been copied since 1961. Fortunately, that era is now over.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/the-oslo-diet-heart-study-finally</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/the-oslo-diet-heart-study-finally</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2026 10:36:37 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For decades, recommendations about cholesterol and fat have echoed from one committee to the next, their origins traced back to 1961. At long last, however, we appear to be witnessing the end of this era.</p><h3><strong>The Oslo Diet-Heart Study</strong></h3><p>Let&#8217;s journey back to Oslo, Norway, some 60 or 70 years ago. Each week, patients suffering myocardial infarction arrived at hospitals. Some died soon after arrival, or their struggle ended in the ambulance. Others never made it to a doctor&#8217;s care, their stories ending with a direct passage to the morgue.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>The epidemic of heart attack was surging towards its peak in Norway, casting uncertainty and dread across the population. Anxieties ran deep: What if a father and breadwinner was claimed without warning? Would those left behind be able to carry on?</p><p>Against this backdrop of fear and loss, Norwegian doctors began to pay close attention to the latest findings emerging from across the Atlantic. American researchers argued that lowering serum cholesterol could significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and related deaths. By replacing saturated fats with plant oils rich in polyunsaturated fats, the tide might turn. Inspired by these claims, Norwegian medical practitioners saw a possibility.</p><p>Enter Paul Leren, a young doctor driven by the urgency of the crisis and the hope American research seemed to promise. Cooperating with professors at the medical school in Oslo, he designed the Oslo Diet-Heart Study as part of his doctoral work.</p><p>Leren recruited men who had already survived a heart attack&#8212;a group living with the constant threat of relapse and sudden death. The study was designed to test if  reducing saturated fat and increasing plant oils could protect heart attack survivors from further illness.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg" width="318" height="474" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:474,&quot;width&quot;:318,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Et bilde som inneholder tekst, tegning, papir, illustrasjon\n\nKI-generert innhold kan v&#230;re feil.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Et bilde som inneholder tekst, tegning, papir, illustrasjon

KI-generert innhold kan v&#230;re feil." title="Et bilde som inneholder tekst, tegning, papir, illustrasjon

KI-generert innhold kan v&#230;re feil." srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JUBx!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9378b007-3b20-4c73-a496-3760d864da9d_318x474.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Advertisement for PER margarine in 1956. It says: &#8220;We don&#8217;t want to brag, but fact is: we are selling more and more of the delicious PER margarine. It is excellent for frying, as a spread and in stews&#8221;.<br>About 60 - 70 per cent of the fat in PER and other common Norwegian margarines at the time was partially hydrogenated whale and fish oil with a lot of trans fatty acids.</em></p><p>A total of 412 men agreed to participate in the Oslo Diet-Heart Study. Half of them made up the control group and continued to follow a typical Norwegian diet with margarine as the main source of fat, used as a spread and for cooking. In addition, the diet usually contained some butter, bacon and whole milk. The men in the experimental group replaced these solid fats with soybean oil, half a litre a week. In addition, they were provided with canned sardines in cod liver oil, because fish fat is also rich in polyunsaturated fats.</p><p>The first men started their dietary period in November 1958. The results were published for the first time in 1966 and were disappointing. However, there were slightly fewer who got a relapse of coronary heart disease or died in the soybean oil group. Since the results appeared to be favourable, the study was included in scientific reviews concluding that lowering the intake of saturated fat and substituting it with polyunsaturates from plant oils was healthy. In this way the study&#8217;s outcomes would ripple far beyond Oslo, shaping medical guidelines for decades to come.</p><p>Some other studies also pointed in the same direction, among them a study from Helsinki. In retrospect, both this and the Oslo study had major shortcomings.</p><h3><strong>Like a relay baton</strong></h3><p>For decades, the advice to cut down on saturated fat made its way through committees and countries, handed on like a relay baton. In Norway, the United States and beyond, expert panels echoed each other&#8217;s recommendations year after year. Most recently, in 2024, the Nordic dietary guidelines repeated previous fat recommendations from 2012, which traced back to the US dietary guidelines launched in 1980. These were in turn based on recommendations from the American Heart Association (AHA), which published dietary recommendation on fat and cholesterol from 1961 to 1973.</p><p>But now it is probably over, at least in the United States. Perhaps the Nordic countries will follow suit. Some days ago, US Secretary of Health Robert F. Kennedy presented the new Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) for 2025&#8211;2030. This announcement included a detailed 50-page scientific report and a comprehensive appendix, reflecting the latest evidence and a willingness to re-examine past assumptions.</p><p>The scientific report explicitly states that when the Oslo Diet-Heart Study is excluded from systematic reviews that form the scientific basis of the dietary recommendation on fat, there is no indication of benefit attributed to replacing saturated fats with plant oils. In other words, there is no indication that children (from age two), adolescents and adults should eat little saturated fat, less than 10 percent of energy intake as stated in the 2020-2025 DGA and the Nordic Recommendations 2012 and 2023.</p><p>The shortcomings or biases in the Oslo Diet-Heart Study are shaped by the limitations of its era&#8212;most notably, the control group consumed margarine rich in trans fats, while the intervention group received significant amounts of omega-3 from canned sardines. Leren did not know that the control group had a diet rich in harmful trans fatty acids from margarine. What Leren thought was saturated fat was a mixture of saturated and trans fats. The beneficial effect of the omega-3 fatty acids from marine oils had yet to be discovered. Therefore, the results were not adjusted for the fact that the control group consumed far too little, and the experimental group very much omega-3.</p><p>In a <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/recommendation-on-saturated-fat-is?utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">previous Substack article, I wrote about the shortcomings of the Oslo Diet-Heart Study and similar outdated studies</a>.</p><p>There is no reason to criticize Leren. Criticism must be directed at the researchers and professionals who have subsequently failed to take new knowledge into account. At least since the beginning of the 1990s, it is well known that trans fats and saturated fats are not the same thing, as I have written about in the book &#8220;The Dangerous Oil Adventure. The story of whale and fish fat in margarine&#8221; (in Norwegian language).</p><p>At last, a scientific committee has stopped copying previous committees. On page 30 of the US report, it says: &#8220;Overall, the RCT evidence [such as the Oslo Diet-Heart Study] does not provide causal support for reducing saturated fat below 10 % of energy or replacing saturated fat with linoleic acid-rich oils to prevent CHD or death.&#8221;</p><p>In the report, they also refer to research results from the 1960s - 1970s that were not published. Why? The results did not confirm the theory that plant oils and reduced cholesterol levels could prevent heart disease and death.</p><p>This shift marks a dramatic change in the story of dietary guidance on fat. For years, committees copied and reinforced previous recommendations, without fully accounting for new research or the limitations of older studies.</p><h3><strong>Indulge in tallow and butter?</strong></h3><p>Should we indulge into saturated fats &#8211; tallow, butter, whole milk and cream? I think we should be a little sober. The DGA report points out that research is needed to clarify which dietary fats and oils are most compatible with long-term health. The years which have passed since the Oslo Diet-Heart Study and similar studies were performed, have not been used to close these knowledge gaps.</p><p>Another knowledge gap must also be closed. It is often claimed that plant oils are harmful. And yes, perhaps those who eat a lot of plant oils get far too much polyunsaturated fat, shaping an imbalance in the body&#8217;s fatty acids. They may also ingest rancid products that form during thermally treatment of the oils in the purification process and when the oils are used for frying. Polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidize or go rancid easily. These are questions that need to be clarified. The DGA scientific report has a separate appendix on processed plant oils.</p><p>And if you&#8217;re left with a question mark and wondering what kind of fat to eat:</p><p>Make sure you have some fish fat with omega-3 fatty acids in your diet. <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/did-you-eat-your-piece-of-mackerel?utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">In a previous Substack article, I wrote about omega-3 research from Troms&#248;, Norway</a>. You also need some unsaturated fatty acids from plants (omega-6 fatty acids), but preferably get them from real, minimally processed foods, such as nuts, seeds, oats, wholemeal flour, and cold-pressed oils. Fat from meat and dairy products appears to be neutral, i.e. neither good nor bad.</p><h3><strong>Confusing sentence</strong></h3><p>It is confusing that the American report under the heading &#8220;Recommendations: Healthy fats&#8221; has included a sentence stating that the intake of saturated fat should be less than 10 percent of the energy intake. It is a copy from previous reports and is less than most people consume. Maybe someone has forgotten to delete the sentence in the proof, or we must take the statement as an expression of confusion in the Trump-administration. Or is there someone behind the scenes who just can&#8217;t break away from previous reports and the &#8216;10-percent recommendation&#8217;? In any case, that recommendation has now been set aside, along with the Oslo Diet-Heart Study.</p><h3><strong>Links</strong></h3><p><a href="https://realfood.gov/#resources">Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025 - 2030</a>. Site with links to dietary recommendations and the scientific report </p><p><a href="https://www.norden.org/en/publication/nordic-nutrition-recommendations-2023">Nordic Nutrition recommendations 2023</a> Released in 2024</p><p>If you read Norwegian, take a look at my book on the history of margarine and trans fatty acids in the Norwegian diet. &#8220;The dangerous oil adventure. The history on whale and fish fat in margarine&#8221;, Orkana Publishing 2023. <a href="https://www.norli.no/boker/hobby-og-fritid/mat-og-drikke/det-farlige-oljeeventyret">Order the book</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg" width="498" height="697" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:697,&quot;width&quot;:498,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Det farlige oljeeventyret&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Det farlige oljeeventyret&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Det farlige oljeeventyret" title="Det farlige oljeeventyret" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Oslo-studie arkivert for godt]]></title><description><![CDATA[Oslo Diet-Heart Study har siden 1966 v&#230;rt et viktig grunnlag for b&#229;de nordiske og amerikanske kostr&#229;d. N&#229; har nye amerikanske kostr&#229;d satt sluttstrek.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/oslo-studie-arkivert-for-godt</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/oslo-studie-arkivert-for-godt</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 12 Jan 2026 09:38:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yuN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>La oss tenke oss tilbake til Oslo for 60-70 &#229;r siden. Nye pasienter med hjerteinfarkt kommer inn til sykehusene hver uke. Noen d&#248;r like etter ankomst, eller de d&#248;r i sykebilen. Noen er aldri innom en lege, men sendes rett til begravelsesbyr&#229;et.</p><p>I befolkningen er det redsel. Infarktepidemien tar mange liv. Hva skjer om en far og familiefors&#248;rger plutselig f&#229;r hjertestans, segner om og d&#248;r? Kan familien klare seg &#248;konomisk?</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Men det er h&#229;p. Amerikanske forskere peker p&#229; at lavere kolesterolniv&#229; i blodet kan forebygge. Planteoljer med flerumettet fett senker kolesterolet.</p><p>Den unge legen Paul Leren g&#229;r i gang og planlegger en kostholdsstudie p&#229; menn som har hatt hjerteinfarkt. De er en h&#248;yrisikogruppe. De som har hatt ett infarkt, har h&#248;y risiko for &#229; f&#229; et nytt.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yuN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yuN!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yuN!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yuN!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yuN!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yuN!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yuN!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yuN!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab2d982a-cfe6-420a-b7bf-b48711dd3478_666x994.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Reklame for Per margarin i 1956. Om lag 60 - 70 prosent av fettet i Per og Melange margarin var delvis herdet hval- og fiskeolje med mye transfettsyrer.</em></p><p>I alt sier 412 menn ja til &#229; delta i studien. 206 skal spise vanlig norsk kost med margarin, sm&#248;r, flesk og helmelk, kort sagt leve som vanlig. 206 skal i fem &#229;r erstatte sm&#248;r, margarin og flesk med fett fra soyaolje. I tillegg f&#229;r de tildelt hermetikkbokser med sardiner nedlagt i tran. For fiskefett inneholder ogs&#229; flerumettet fett.</p><p>De f&#248;rste mennene begynner p&#229; dietten i november 1958. Resultatene kom i 1966 og var skuffende. Men det var noen f&#230;rre som ble syke og d&#248;de i soyaoljegruppa enn i leve-som-f&#248;r-gruppa. Siden resultatene tross alt var p&#229; den positive siden, ble studien i &#229;r etter &#229;r brukt som bevis for at det var bra for hjertet &#229; spise lite fast fett fra kj&#248;tt og melk, og bra &#229; spise mye planteoljer med flerumettet fett. Ogs&#229; enkelte andre studier pekte i samme retning. S&#230;rlig ble det lagt vekt p&#229; en studie fra Helsingfors - men i ettertid ser vi at ogs&#229; denne hadde store mangler.</p><h3><strong>Kopieringsfestival</strong></h3><p>R&#229;det om &#229; spise lite fast fett med mettede fettsyrer gikk som en stafettpinne fra komite til komite, i &#229;r etter &#229;r, i b&#229;de Norge, USA og andre land. Den siste runden i denne kopieringsfestivalen skjedde da nye nordiske kostr&#229;d ble lansert i 2024. Rapporten kopierte de forrige fettr&#229;dene fra 2012, som hadde kopiert amerikanske kostr&#229;d som f&#248;rste gang ble lansert i 1980. Disse var igjen basert p&#229; anbefalinger fra amerikanske hjertespesialisters organisasjon (AHA) som publiserte kostr&#229;d om fett og kolesterol fra 1961 til 1973.</p><p>Men n&#229; er det forh&#229;pentligvis slutt. I alle fall i USA, og kanskje f&#248;lger Norden etter? Tidligere denne uka la den amerikanske helseministeren Robert F. Kennedy fram amerikanske kostr&#229;d for perioden 2025-2030. Med kostr&#229;dene f&#248;lger et 50 sider langt vitenskapelig grunnlag pluss 400 sider med vedlegg.</p><p>Her sies det tydelig at n&#229;r Oslo-studien tas ut av grunnlaget for kostr&#229;det om fett, er det ikke noe forskningsgrunnlag igjen som tilsier at barn, unge og voksne b&#248;r spise lite fast fett.</p><p>Manglene eller skjevhetene som det siktes til, er blant annet at Leren levde og virket i en tid da de f&#230;rreste hadde h&#248;rt om transfettsyrer. Han visste ikke at kontrollgruppa, som spiste vanlig norsk mat p&#229; den tida, hadde et kosthold fullt av helsefarlige transfettsyrer fra margarin. Det Leren trodde var metta fett, var en blanding av metta fett og transfett. Den gunstige virkningen av omega-3-fettsyrene var ikke oppdaget, og derfor var ikke resultatene justert for at kontrollgruppa fikk i seg altfor lite, og fors&#248;ksgruppa sv&#230;rt mye omega-3.</p><p><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/vil-gjre-metta-fett-sunt-igjen?utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">I en tidligere Substack-artikkel har jeg skrevet om manglene ved disse utdaterte, foreldede studiene.</a></p><p>Det er ikke grunn til &#229; kritisere Leren. Kritikken m&#229; rettes mot de forskere og fagfolk som i ettertid har latt v&#230;re &#229; ta hensyn til ny kunnskap. I alle fall siden begynnelsen av 1990-tallet har de visst at transfett og mettet fett ikke er det samme, slik jeg har skrevet om i boka &#171;Det farlige oljeeventyret. Historien om hval- og fiskefett i margarinen&#187;.</p><p>Omsider har en vitenskapelig komite sluttet &#229; kopiere tidligere komiteer. P&#229; side 30 i den amerikanske rapporten st&#229;r det: &#171;Alt i alt gir ikke kontrollerte studier [som Oslo-studien] st&#248;tte for at koronar hjertesykdom og d&#248;d kan forebygges ved &#229; redusere inntaket av metta fett til under 10 prosent av energien eller ved &#229; erstatte metta fett med planteoljer.&#187;</p><p>I rapporten viser de ogs&#229; til forskningsresultater fra 1960 - 1970-&#229;rene som ikke ble publisert. &#197;rsaken? Resultatene bekreftet ikke teorien om at planteoljer og redusert kolesterolniv&#229; kunne forebygge hjertesykdom og -d&#248;d.</p><h3><strong>Fritt fram for talg og sm&#248;r?</strong></h3><p>Er det da bare &#229; kaste seg over metta fett &#8211; talg, sm&#248;r, helmelk og fl&#248;te, slik de nye amerikanske kostr&#229;dene anbefaler? Vi b&#248;r v&#230;re litt n&#248;kterne. I rapporten p&#229;pekes det at vi ikke har forskning som viser hva som er den beste fettsyresammensetningen i kostholdet. Tida siden Lerens studie og liknende studier er ikke brukt til &#229; tette disse gapene i forskning. </p><p>Ogs&#229; et annet kunnskapshull m&#229; tettes. Det p&#229;st&#229;s ofte at det er helsefarlig &#229; spise mye planteoljer. Og ja, kanskje f&#229;r de som spiser mye planteoljer i seg altfor mye flerumetta fett, slik at det blir ubalanse i kroppens fettsyrer. Kanskje f&#229;r de i seg harskningsprodukter som dannes n&#229;r oljene varmebehandles i renseprosessen. Flerumetta fettsyrer oksiderer eller harskner lett. Dette er sp&#248;rsm&#229;l som m&#229; avklares. Den amerikanske rapporten har et eget vedlegg om planteoljer og varmebehandling.</p><p>Og hvis du st&#229;r igjen som et sp&#248;rsm&#229;lstegn og lurer p&#229; hva slags fett du skal spise:</p><p>S&#248;rg for noe fiskefett med omega-3-fettsyrer, <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/har-du-spist-makrellen-din-i-dag?utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">se en tidligere Substack-artikkel der jeg forteller om forskningsresultater fra Troms&#248;.</a> En liten dasj andre umetta fettsyrer trenger du ogs&#229;, men f&#229; dem helst fra ekte, lite bearbeidet mat, som n&#248;tter, fr&#248;, havre, sammalt hvetemel, annet fullkornmel og kaldpresset olje. Fett fra kj&#248;tt og melkeprodukter ser ut til &#229; v&#230;re n&#248;ytralt, det vil si verken bra eller d&#229;rlig.</p><h3><strong>Forvirrende setning</strong></h3><p>Det er forvirrende at den amerikanske rapporten i en setning under overskriften &#171;Anbefalinger: Sunt fett&#187; har lagt inn en setning om at inntaket av metta fett b&#248;r v&#230;re under 10 prosent av energien (kaloriene). Det er en kopi fra tidligere rapporter og er mindre enn hva de fleste spiser. Enten har de glemt &#229; stryke setninga i korrekturen, eller vi f&#229;r ta det som uttrykk for forvirringa i Trump-administrasjonen. Eller er det noen p&#229; bakrommet som ikke klarer &#229; kappe trossa til 10-prosent-r&#229;det?</p><p>I praksis er anbefalingen om maks 10 prosent metta fett kastet p&#229; sj&#248;en.</p><h3>Lenker</h3><p>Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025 - 2030: <a href="https://realfood.gov/#resources">nettside med lenker til kostr&#229;d og vitenskapelig rapport </a></p><p><a href="https://www.norden.org/en/publication/nordic-nutrition-recommendations-2023">Nordiske kostr&#229;d 2023, lansert i 2024</a> </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg" width="498" height="697" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:697,&quot;width&quot;:498,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;image-product&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="image-product" title="image-product" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_f8!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059f739b-c88d-4c45-a6e0-cfc45d46e1ed_498x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Les mer om margarin: &#8220;Det farlige oljeeventyret. Historien om hval og fiskefett i margarinen&#8221;, Orkana forlag 2023. <a href="https://www.norli.no/boker/hobby-og-fritid/mat-og-drikke/det-farlige-oljeeventyret">Bestill boka her</a>.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The fight against “big food”]]></title><description><![CDATA[In the Philippines, ten-year-old children are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Overconsumption of industrially produced foods contributes to this development.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/the-fight-against-big-food</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/the-fight-against-big-food</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 07 Jan 2026 08:34:37 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Could the situation in the Philippines become similar in Norway and other countries?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="4898" height="3265" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3265,&quot;width&quot;:4898,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;cake on white plate&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="cake on white plate" title="cake on white plate" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwzNXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBjYWtlfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NzcwOTU1NXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Ice cream cake. Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@joshua_hoehne">Joshua Hoehne</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>A report from Manila in the Philippines appeared in one of the newsletters that I regularly receive from various research journals. The article caught my eye because the researchers had studied dietary habits and the CRP level in the blood of five- to seven-year-old children. There are not many such studies.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Increased level of CRP, short for C-reactive protein, is an indication of low-grade inflammation caused by obesity or a metabolic disease. The children&#8217;s diet was assessed to analyse possible associations between diet and inflammation.</p><h3><strong>Easily digestible food</strong></h3><p>The diet described in the report is depressing. Easily digestible, highly processed baked products, packaged snacks and instant noodles were common in most children&#8217;s diets. </p><p>In addition, many children consumed sweetened beverages, dried fruit with added sugar, and sweetened soybean curd.</p><p>In the children&#8217;s diet there were also healthy food and minimally processed foods, such as rice and fish, meat and poultry. However, fresh fruits, vegetables and fresh milk were consumed in small amounts.</p><p>Most strikingly, the children who had an increased level of CRP, consumed more commercially baked products, such as bread, cakes and pastries. They also consumed more processed sticky rice and sweetened products. This is no surprise, as such foods are digested quickly and cause a rapid increase in blood sugar. Overconsumption of refined carbohydrates and sugar can induce insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. </p><p>Among the children who participated in the study, more than one in ten (11 percent) had increased level of CRP in the blood. This means that an inflammatory condition had been initiated in their bodies. Almost one in five children weighed too much. They were either obese (8.5 percent) or overweight to the point of obesity (11 percent).</p><p>This study did not come out of the blue. There is a backdrop. The incidence of diabetes among adults in the Philippines is increasing, about 1 in 13 has diabetes (7.5 percent). Children as young as 10 years of age are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. This is a consequence of overweight and obesity.</p><p>Life expectancy in the Philippines is declining. Diabetes is the third most common cause of death.</p><h3><strong>Similar foods everywhere</strong></h3><p>Why do I write about the health and diet of children living on the other side of the globe? Because children consume similar food products all over the world. <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/snack-time?r=35foni&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web">In a previous article I wrote about how buns, snacks and sweets make up a significant proportion of Norwegian children&#8217;s diets</a>. In addition, noodles, sweet breakfast cereals and energy bars are part of many children&#8217;s diet. The same is true for chocolate milk and sweet yoghurt.</p><p>Though there may be some variation in genetics, Norwegian and Filipino children have similar biology. The same type of foods that contribute to obesity and inflammation in Filipino children can contribute to poor health among Norwegian children.</p><p>In both Manila and Oslo, Norway, supermarket shelves are filled with inexpensive, industrially produced foods, often with added sugar, salt and various additives. I easily find packages where the manufacturers are cheeky enough to present a picture of non-processed grains grown in an apparently natural environment.</p><h3><strong>Biology</strong></h3><p>Why are the easily digestible starchy foods associated with more inflammation in the body? This is because such foods cause blood sugar to rise rapidly. To control blood sugar spikes, the body increases the production of insulin, which stimulates fat storage.</p><p>Also sugar, juice and dried fruit contribute to fat storage. Such foods are rich in fructose. When consumed in excess, fructose can promote the accumulation of fat in the liver and increase the risk of insulin resistance. Half of regular sugar is fructose, it is also found in honey, sweet syrups, high fructose corn syrup, soda and fruit juice.</p><p>In summary, frequent consumption of refined starchy foods and sugary products can disrupt blood sugar balance, lead to excessive insulin production, and trigger fat storage and inflammatory processes in the body.</p><p>If an inflammatory process has been initiated, it can be stopped and the development reversed. But not with starchy industrially produced food, whether it is ultra processed or foods rich in added sugar or salt.</p><p>How much sugar and easily digestible starchy foods our bodies can tolerate varies from person to person. Genes and innate characteristics determine who get diabetes or other diet related diseases.</p><h3><strong>About the study</strong></h3><p>The article from the Philippines is published in <em>Academia Nutrition and Dietetics</em>. The researchers assessed the diet and measured CRP among children aged five to seven. They were pupils at two different schools and lived in the metropolis of Manila. The children were apparently healthy. A total of 800 children were invited to participate in the study, and the parents of 166 children agreed.</p><p>When assessing the diet, the researchers classified the food within two groups: The first was natural foods. That is cooked rice and root vegetables, fish, meat and chicken dishes, eggs, unflavoured milk, raw and cooked fruits and vegetables. Canned fish fillets were also defined as natural foods.</p><p>The second group was industrially produced foods of all kinds. Examples were cakes, bicuits and other sweet baked goods, instant noodles, various types of snacks and chips, popular local foods such as sweet snacks based on sticky rice, sweet soy pudding and dried mango with added sugar and preservatives.</p><p>Beverages such as flavoured milk and yogurt, sweetened juice and soda water also were classified as industrially produced foods.</p><h3><strong>Can we trust the results?</strong></h3><p>The researchers interviewed parents and guardians twice to assess the diet. Such interviews usually do not reveal the whole truth about the diet, but they do give information about which foods are an important part of the children&#8217;s diet.</p><p>The number of children in the study was relatively small, 166 children, but it is large enough to get a picture of the diet and the prevalence of inflammation among the children.</p><p>The children lived in low-income urban communities with limited access to fresh produce, but easy access to cheap, processed foods. We do not know whether the children&#8217;s health or diet was worse or better than among children who did not participate in the study, or who live elsewhere.</p><p>The study cannot prove cause and effect. But the findings are consistent with a growing body of international research linking ultra processed and industrially produced food to inflammatory conditions across age groups. Low-grade inflammation is now understood as a central driver of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other non&#8209;communicable conditions.</p><h3><strong>Food additives</strong></h3><p>Food additives can also promote inflammatory processes. Currently, research is directed at studying the intestinal environment. Both food additives such as emulsifiers and foods with a lot of sugar are suspected of breaking down the barrier in the intestinal wall. Microorganisms can leak into the blood and thus trigger inflammatory reactions. </p><p>Emulsifiers are a type of consistency agent that prevents oil and water from separating in commercial food products, for example in a salad dressing. Other consistency agents are used to preserve colour, give a good mouthfeel or thicken the food, such as in yogurt, sauces and jam. </p><h3><strong>Fighting &#8220;big food&#8221;</strong></h3><p>The researchers characterize the food of Filipino schoolchildren as unhealthy and inflammatory. They appeal to the authorities to intervene against the harmful food but note a general lack of awareness among health professionals.</p><p>The development is driven by the expansion of &#8220;big food&#8221;, the large international food companies. An example is Nestl&#233;, which operated 80 factories in the 1920s but, by 2023, had expanded to 340 factories across 76 countries and 24 research and development centres.</p><p>Nestl&#233; is just one of them. The rapid global growth of major food companies has enabled such corporations to shape food preferences worldwide. Parents must navigate a range of practical obstacles and everyday challenges when it comes to ensuring a healthy diet for their children. </p><p>These challenges include resisting persistent fast-food advertising and is felt each time we enter a supermarket,&#8212;whether in Manila or Oslo, Norway. </p><h3><strong>Sources:</strong></h3><p>Amarra MS et al. Processed snacks and baked goods predict inflammation risk in Filipino schoolchildren. Academia Nutrition and Dietetics,2, 2025. doi.org/10.20935/AcadNutr7724</p><p>Towards unified global action on ultra-processed foods: understanding commercial determinants, countering corporate power, and mobilizing a public health response. The Lancet November 18, 2025. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01567-3</p><p>See also:</p><p>Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence. The Lancet, online November 18, 2025. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01565-X</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Kampen mot «big food»]]></title><description><![CDATA[Foreldrene m&#229; kjempe mot "big food" for &#229; lage sunne m&#229;ltider. Over hele verden presser matvarekjempene p&#229; med industriproduserte, usunne matvarer.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/kamp-mot-big-food</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/kamp-mot-big-food</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 12:48:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBqdW5rJTIwZm9vZCUyQ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc2MDk3MDN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBqdW5rJTIwZm9vZCUyQ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc2MDk3MDN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBqdW5rJTIwZm9vZCUyQ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc2MDk3MDN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBqdW5rJTIwZm9vZCUyQ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc2MDk3MDN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBqdW5rJTIwZm9vZCUyQ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc2MDk3MDN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBqdW5rJTIwZm9vZCUyQ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc2MDk3MDN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBqdW5rJTIwZm9vZCUyQ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc2MDk3MDN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1567571221843-47a3a923c6a8?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxMXx8Y2hpbGQlMkMlMjBqdW5rJTIwZm9vZCUyQ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc2MDk3MDN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Kaker og andre bakevarer utgj&#248;r en betydelig del av barns kosthold. Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@joshua_hoehne">Joshua Hoehne</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>En rapport fra Manila p&#229; Filippinene dukket opp i et av nyhetsbrevene som jeg jevnlig f&#229;r fra ulike forskningstidsskrifter. Teksten fanget min interesse fordi forskerne hadde m&#229;lt mengden betennelsestoffer i blodet til barn i alderen fem til sju &#229;r. Forskerne unders&#248;kte ogs&#229; kosthold, overvekt og fedme.</p><h3><strong>Mye lettford&#248;yelig mat</strong></h3><p>Beskrivelsen av kostholdet er s&#248;rgelig lesing. Lettford&#248;yelige bakevarer, s&#248;te frokostblandinger, nudler og liknende var vanlig i de fleste barnas kosthold. Slike matvarer ford&#248;yes hurtig og gir rask &#248;kning i blodsukkeret. I tillegg var s&#248;te drikker og frukt- og soyaprodukter med tilsatt sukker vanlig.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Barna spiste ikke bare d&#229;rlig mat. De spiste ogs&#229; minimalt bearbeidet mat, slik som kokt ris, gr&#248;nnsaker, egg, kj&#248;tt og fisk. Men barn som hadde tegn p&#229; betennelse i kroppen, spiste mer av de lettford&#248;yelige, industriproduserte matvarene. I tillegg drakk de mer melk og yoghurt med sukker og tilsatt smak, samt saft og s&#248;tt mineralvann. </p><p>Forekomsten av diabetes blant voksne i Filippinene &#248;ker, om lag 1 av 13 har diabetes. (7,5 prosent). Barn ned i 10-&#229;rsalderen kommer til klinikkene med type 2-diabetes. Dette er en f&#248;lge av overvekt og fedme.</p><p>Levealderen i Filippinene er p&#229; vei nedover. Diabetes er den tredje vanligste d&#248;ds&#229;rsaken.</p><p>Dette er bakteppet for studien. Blant barna som deltok hadde mer enn ett av ti (11 prosent) &#248;kt mengde av stoffet CRP i blodet. Det betyr at en betennelsestilstand p&#229;gikk i kroppen deres. Nesten ett av fem barn veide for mye. De hadde enten fedme (8,5 prosent) eller overvekt opptil fedmeniv&#229; (11 prosent).</p><h3><strong>Samme matvarer overalt</strong></h3><p>Hvorfor skriver jeg om helsa og kostholdet til barn som lever p&#229; den andre siden av jordkloden? Fordi barn spiser liknende matvarer over hele verden. <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/haanes/p/godterikos?utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">I en tidligere artikkel skrev jeg om at boller, snacks og godteri utgj&#248;r en vesentlig andel av norske barns kosthold.</a> I tillegg kommer andre prosesserte varer som nudler, s&#248;te frokostblandinger og energibarer. Sjokolademelk og s&#248;t yoghurt likes&#229;. </p><p>Biologien er ogs&#229; lik. Det som barn i Manila blir syke av, kan ogs&#229; norske barn bli syke av &#8211; dersom de utsettes for de samme skadelige faktorene.</p><p>B&#229;de i Oslo og Manila flommer butikkhyllene over av rimelige, industriproduserte matvarer, gjerne tilsatt sukker, salt og ulike tilsetningsstoffer. Jeg finner lett pakninger der produsentene er frekke nok til &#229; presentere et bilde av kornaks og natur p&#229; forsiden.</p><h3><strong>Biologisk forklaring</strong></h3><p>Hvorfor er de lettford&#248;yelige industriproduserte matvarene forbundet med mer betennelsesstoffer i blodet? Det skyldes at slike matvarer f&#248;rer til at blodsukkeret stiger raskt. For &#229; f&#229; kontroll med blodsukkeret &#248;ker kroppen insulinproduksjonen. Da stimuleres fettlagringen. </p><p>Sukker, juice og t&#248;rket frukt bidrar ogs&#229;. Slike matvarer inneholder mye fruktose. Vi t&#229;ler ikke s&#229; mye fruktose. Dette sukkerstoffet er forbundet med &#248;kt fettlagring i leveren. Halvparten av vanlig sukker er fruktose, det fins ogs&#229; i sukkersiruper, maissirup, juice og saft.</p><p>Svingende blodsukker og en fettlagring ute av kontroll stimulerer betennelsesprosesser. F&#248;r fedme eller diabetes p&#229;vises, har det p&#229;g&#229;tt en langvarig prosess. &#216;kt mengde av betennelsestoffet CRP er et tegn p&#229; at prosessen er i gang. Den kan stoppes og utviklingen snus, men ikke med industriprodusert mat, enten den er ultraprosessert eller bare tilsatt mye sukker eller salt.</p><p>Hvor mye sukker og lettford&#248;yelige matvarer vi t&#229;ler, varierer fra person til person. Gener og medf&#248;dte egenskaper spiller en rolle.</p><h3><strong>Om studien</strong></h3><p>Artikkelen er publisert i <em>Academia Nutrition and Dietetics. </em>Forskerne<em> </em>unders&#248;kte kosthold og betennelsesniv&#229; hos barn i alderen fem til sju &#229;r. De var elever ved to ulike skoler og bodde i storbyen Manila. Barna var tilsynelatende helt friske. I alt ble 800 barn invitert til &#229; delta i studien, foreldrene til 166 barn sa ja.</p><p>Forskerne delte maten inn i to grupper: Den f&#248;rste var naturlige matvarer. Det vil si kokt ris og rotfrukter, fisk, fisk, kj&#248;tt, kyllingretter, egg, melk uten smakstilsetning, r&#229; og kokte frukter og gr&#248;nnsaker. Hermetisk fiskefilet ble ogs&#229; definert som naturlig mat.</p><p>Den andre gruppen var industriprodusert mat av alle slag. Eksempler var kaker, boller og andre s&#248;te bakevarer, t&#248;rre nudler (tilsettes bare kokende vann), ulike typer snacks og chips, popul&#230;re, lokale matvarer som s&#248;te snacks basert p&#229; klebrig ris, kassava (en rotfrukt) eller s&#248;tpoteter, s&#248;t soyapudding og t&#248;rka mango med tilsatt sukker og konserveringsmidler. </p><p>Drikker som melk og yoghurt med smakstilsetninger, s&#248;t saft og mineralvann kom ogs&#229; i gruppen med industriprodusert mat.</p><h3><strong>Kan vi stole p&#229; resultatet?</strong></h3><p>Forskerne intervjuet foreldre og foresatte to ganger for &#229; kartlegge kostholdet. Slike intervjuer viser som regel ikke hele sannheten om kostholdet, men de gir et bilde av hvilke matvarer barna spiste.</p><p>Antall barn i studien var forholdsvis lite, 166 barn, men det er samtidig stort nok til &#229; f&#229; et bilde av kostholdet og helsetilstanden.</p><p>CRP ble m&#229;lt med standardmetode. Siden deltakerne var friske barn, er dette en akseptabel metode, om enn ikke like f&#248;lsom som h&#248;ysensitiv CRP.</p><p>Barna som ble unders&#248;kt, bodde i omr&#229;der der familiene hadde lav inntekt. Det var begrenset tilgang til ferske r&#229;varer, men derimot lett &#229; f&#229; kj&#248;pt billig, prosessert mat. Vi vet ikke hvor representative deltakerne var for andre barn og om helsesituasjonen eller kostholdet var verre eller bedre enn blant barn som ikke deltok i studien, eller som bor andre steder.</p><p>Studien kan ikke bevise hva som er &#229;rsak og virkning. Men funnene samsvarer med annen forskning som knytter ultraprosessert og industriprodusert mat til betennelses-tilstander i kroppen.</p><h3><strong>Lavgradig betennelse</strong></h3><p>CRP er en mark&#248;r for kronisk lavgradig betennelse i kroppen. Slik betennelse regnes i dag som en sentral mekanisme bak flere sykdommer, slik som fedme, diabetes og hjerte- og karsykdommer. Betennelsen kan utvikle seg lenge f&#248;r sykdommen blir synlig. Et barn kan v&#230;re normalvektig, aktiv og frisk &#8211; og likevel ha en svak betennelsestilstand i kroppen.</p><p>Ogs&#229; tilsetningsstoffene kan p&#229;virke betennelsesprosessene. Mye forskning rettes i dag mot endringer i tarmmilj&#248;et. Tilsetningsstoffer som emulgatorer og mat med mye sukker mistenkes &#229; kunne bryte ned barrieren i tarmveggen. Mikroorganismer kan lekke over i blodet og slik utl&#248;se betennelsesreaksjoner. Emulgatorer er en type konsistensmidler som hindrer at olje og vann skiller seg i matvaren, for eksempel i en salatdressing. </p><p>Andre konsistensmidler brukes for &#229; bevare farge, gi god munnf&#248;lelse eller tykne matvaren, for eksempel noen typer yoghurt. Konserveringsmidler hindrer vekst av bakterier og &#248;ker holdbarheten.</p><h3><strong>Kamp mot &#171;big food&#187;</strong></h3><p>Forskerne karakteriserer de filippinske skolebarnas mat som usunn og betennelsesfremmende. De appellerer til myndighetene om &#229; gripe inn overfor den skadelige maten, men har problemer med &#229; f&#229; geh&#248;r.</p><p>Dermed er det foreldrene som f&#229;r problemene i fanget. Det er krevende &#229; lage sunn mat n&#229;r du bombarderes av reklame for billig, usunn mat. Det gjelder enten du bor i Manila eller Oslo. Utviklingen drives av &#171;big food&#187;, de store internasjonale matvareselskapene. Tilbake i 1920-&#229;ra hadde for eksempel Nestl&#233; 80 fabrikker, i 2023 hadde selskapet &#248;kt til 340 fabrikker fordelt p&#229; 76 land samt 24 forsknings- og utviklingssentra. Det er slike giganter du m&#229; kjempe mot hver gang du g&#229;r inn i en dagligvarebutikk.</p><h3><strong>Kilder:</strong></h3><p>Amarra MS mfl. <em>Processed snacks and baked goods predict inflammation risk in Filipino schoolchildren</em>. Academia Nutrition and Dietetics,2, 2025. doi.org/10.20935/AcadNutr7724</p><p>Towards unified global action on ultra-processed foods: understanding commercial determinants, caountering corporate poweerr, and mobilising a public health response. The Lancet November 18, 2025. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01567-3</p><p>Se ogs&#229;:</p><p>Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence. The Lancet, online November 18, 2025. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01565-X</p><h3>Historien om skadelig mat </h3><p>Les boka om farlig margarin som var p&#229; markedet i 60-70 &#229;r: &#8220;Det farlige oljeeventyret. Historien om hval og fiskefett i margarinen&#8221;, Orkana forlag 2023. <a href="https://www.norli.no/boker/hobby-og-fritid/mat-og-drikke/det-farlige-oljeeventyret">Bestill boka her</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg" width="498" height="697" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:697,&quot;width&quot;:498,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Det farlige oljeeventyret&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Det farlige oljeeventyret" title="Det farlige oljeeventyret" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1cw!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0f2df9-fbc5-490e-8d9a-2ee3592eaa8b_498x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>  </p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Snack time]]></title><description><![CDATA[For years pupils in Norwegian schools have celebrated the end of fall semester by a snack time. In December some schools on the west coast ended this tradition.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/snack-time</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/snack-time</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 04 Jan 2026 13:30:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="2832" height="4240" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:4240,&quot;width&quot;:2832,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;a close up of a pile of corn chips&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="a close up of a pile of corn chips" title="a close up of a pile of corn chips" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxzbmFja3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Njc1MzI2MjV8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@karsten116">Karsten Winegeart</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Snack time means that pupils can bring candy and snacks from home.</p><p>-It has become far too much. Students bring 1.5-liter bottles of soda and large family packages of potato chips; a principal told the NRK &#8211; Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation&#8217;s news service.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>When was snack time introduced in schools? I presume some 50 &#8211; 70 years ago. Back then, pupils didn&#8217;t eat candy, snacks, or drink sugary drinks every day or every week. For the snack time at school, they brought just a small amount of candy, biscuits or cake.</p><p>Today the situation has changed.</p><p>-We do not want schools to contribute to more candy and snack consumption among children, the principal said to NRK.</p><h3>Addictive</h3><p>Look at the list of ingredients on some random packages of potato chips, cheese puffs, or other snack. You will often find both salt and sugar, and possibly acids, all stimulating the taste buds on the tongue and the taste centre in the brain. Additionally, the list of ingredients often includes flavour enhancers.</p><p>The concentrated taste makes us eat more, and it is difficult to stop before the package of chips is empty. Some types of snacks are addictive and encourage overconsumption.</p><p>Look for glutamate compounds like MSG and yeast extract in the list of ingredients. These are flavour enhancers that, together with aroma substances, salt and sugar, can turn flour with hardly any taste into a tasty and pleasant crispy product, making you becoming a loyal customer.</p><h3>20 percent of children&#8217;s diet</h3><p>If candy, snacks, and soda only made up a small part of the diet, it would have little impact on health. However, for many children and young people, it constitutes a larger part. Data from the Norwegian national dietary survey Ungkost shows that discretionary foods account for one-fifth of the calorie intake, about 20 percent of the energy consumption among 9- and 11-year-olds. These foods include soda, snacks, candy, buns, muffins, cookies, and cakes.</p><p>Discretionary foods are defined as foods and drinks that are not necessary to supply essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Typical items include sweet drinks, cakes, chocolate, ice cream, and salty snacks. The term was first introduced in Australia. In Norwegian, there is no precise expression, but perhaps we could call it BSG foods&#8212;buns and soda, snacks, and goodies; goodies meaning sugar candy and sweets, chocolate, sweet spreads and snack bars.</p><h3>Exceeds recommended maximum</h3><p>In Denmark, health authorities suggest that BSG foods should account for less than five percent of energy intake for 9-year-olds and less than six percent for 13-year-olds. Older children tolerate slightly more due to larger body size and higher total energy consumption.</p><p>In Norway, the intake among six- and nine-year-olds is four times higher than the Danish recommended maximum. Norwegian health authorities have not issued specific recommendation for BSG foods, only general guidelines on sugar and fat.</p><p>Children who ate <em>less</em> BSG foods in the Ungkost survey tended to consume more vitamins, minerals, and fibre. Less BSG foods allow more room for nutritious foods like whole grains, vegetables, fruits, beans, lentils, peas, nuts, seeds, fresh meat, fish, and dairy products.</p><h3>Can we trust the data?</h3><p>The Ungkost survey was conducted among 1,300 students at 108 schools. About half of those asked participated. The results should be interpreted with caution, as the participants had parents with higher education levels and were probably more aware of healthy eating than non-participants. Participants reported eating less than their energy needs. Therefore, the survey provides mainly an overview of types of food consumed and a hint of the current situation.</p><p>The survey was carried out in the autumn of 2015. Given the aggressive marketing of candy, sweet products, soda, and snacks, the situation today is unlikely to be better&#8212;perhaps worse. It appears that the food industry and producers are not aligned with public health interests.</p><h3>Overconsumption</h3><p>Similar analyses in New Zealand and Australia find that discretionary foods constitute more than 30 percent of the energy intake among children and youth, when including industrially produced sausages, burgers, and pizza in addition to the BSG foods.</p><p>Having a snack time, and consuming small amounts of snacks or candy is an acceptable part of a diet. The problem is quantities which favours excessive energy intake and can contribute to obesity and diet related diseases.</p><p>When Norwegian schools end the tradition of snack time, it can influence children and parents to question if the quantities of BSG foods they buy and consume are acceptable. For schools, I am sure the teachers and principals can find other ways to create a festive atmosphere at the end of fall and spring semester.</p><h3>Sources</h3><ul><li><p>NRK radio news, December 18, 2025</p></li><li><p>Paulsen MM, Myhre JB, Totland TH, Andersen LF. Discretionary foods and drinks in Norwegian children and adolescents&#8217; diet: data from the national dietary survey ungkost-3. Public Health Nutrition 26(12), 2629-2640, 2023.</p></li></ul><p>See also: Monteiro CA et al. Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence. The Lancet, published online November 18, 2025.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Godterikos]]></title><description><![CDATA[Article in Norwegian about the intake of discretionary foods among Norwegian children and adolescents. English will follow. Nokre skular p&#229; Vestlandet sluttar med kosetime f&#248;r jul. Ein rektor seier til NRKs nyheitssending at det blir altfor mye. Det kan forskarane bekrefte: 20 prosent av dei kaloriane elevane f&#229;r i seg, kjem fr&#229; bollar og brus, snacks og godteri, viser Ungkost-4-unders&#248;kinga. Norske 9- 13-&#229;ringar f&#229;r i seg fire gonger s&#229; mye som anbefalt.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/godterikos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/godterikos</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 19 Dec 2025 15:51:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kosetime betyr at elevane kan ta med seg godteri og snacks heimefr&#229;. Elevar kjem med 1,5 liters brusflasker og store familiepakkar med chips.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="2832" height="4240" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1699666397768-0126340e880a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2OXx8c25hY2tzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc2NjE1ODY2M3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@karsten116">Karsten Winegeart</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Eg heiar p&#229; rektorar og l&#230;rarer som t&#248;r &#229; ta tak i dette. Dei m&#229; st&#229; imot sp&#248;rsm&#229;l som: &#171;unnar du ikkje elevane litt kos som avslutning p&#229; haustsemesteret?&#187;</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>N&#229;r blei kosetime innf&#248;rt? For 50 &#229;r sidan? 60? Den gong vassa ikkje elevane i snop, snacks og sukkerdrikkar til dagleg. Dei tok med <em>litt </em>godteri til kosetimen. No har det blitt altfor mye. Rektorane i NRK-innslaget &#248;nskjer ikkje at skulen skal bidra med end&#229; meir godteri- og snacksspising.</p><h3>Avhengigheitskapande</h3><p>For nokre &#229;r sidan snakka vi om kioskungar, korleis ville det g&#229; med dei som levde opp p&#229; store mengder godteri og sukkerbrus? No har daglegvarebutikken blitt kiosken v&#229;r, og begrepet har forsvunne fr&#229; daglegtale.</p><p>Ta eit par tilfeldige posar potetchips, ostepop eller anna snacks fr&#229; butikkhyllene. Du finn at dei ofte inneheld b&#229;de salt og sukker, og kanskje syre I tillegg er det gjerne tilsett ein eller fleire smaksforsterkarar som stimulerer smakssenteret i hjernen. Slik stimulans f&#229;r oss til &#229; ete end&#229; meir, det er vanskeleg &#229; stoppe f&#248;r posen er tom. Noen typar snacks er avhengigheitsskapande og p&#229;verkar oss til &#229; ete for mye.</p><p>Tips: Sj&#229; etter glutamatforbindelsar og gj&#230;rekstrakt i ingredienslista p&#229; pakken. Dette er smaksforsterkarar som saman med aroma-stoff kan f&#229; kjedeleg mj&#248;l til &#229; smake godt og gjere deg til trufast kunde.</p><h3>20 prosent</h3><p>Dersom godteri, snacks og brus berre var ein liten del av kosthaldet, ville det ha lite &#229; seie for helsa. Men for mange barn og unge er det nok ein st&#248;rre del. Tala fr&#229; Ungkost 3-unders&#248;kinga viser at desse matvarene st&#229;r for ein av fem kaloriar i kosthaldet, 20 prosent av kalori- eller energiinntaket. D&#229; har ein lagt saman kaloriar fr&#229; brus, snacks, godteri, bollar, muffins, kjeks og kaker, det som p&#229; engelsk blir kalla <em>discretionary foods</em>.</p><p><em>Discretionary foods<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></em> er definert som mat og drikke som ikkje er n&#248;dvendige for &#229; tilf&#248;re dei n&#230;ringsstoffa som kroppen treng, slik som vitaminar, mineralar og omega-3-feittsyrer. Typiske varer er s&#248;te drikkar, kaker, sjokolade, is og salte snacks. Etter det eg forst&#229;r, er begrepet f&#248;rst innf&#248;rt i Australia. Eg har ikkje funne noe godt norsk uttrykk, kanskje vi berre skal kalle det BSG-varer - bollar og brus, snacks og godteri?</p><p>I den norske Ungkost-3-unders&#248;kinga var muffins, kaker, bollar, kjeks og liknande den st&#248;rste gruppa BSG-varer, dernest kom sjokolade og anna godteri. S&#248;te drikkar som brus, sportsdrikk og saft kom p&#229; tredjeplass og stod aleine for 60 prosent av tilsett sukker. Forskarar ved Universitet i Oslo har gjort analysen. Liknande unders&#248;kingar er gjennomf&#248;rte i fleire europeiske land.</p><h3>Fire gonger for mye</h3><p>I Danmark tilr&#229;r helsemyndigheitene at BSG-maten b&#248;r st&#229; for under fem prosent av energiinntaket hos 9-&#229;ringar og under seks prosent hos 13-&#229;ringar. St&#248;rre barn t&#229;ler litt meir fordi dei har st&#248;rre kropp og h&#248;gare totalt energiforbruk.</p><p>Inntaket hos norske seks- og ni&#229;ringar er alts&#229; fire gonger st&#248;rre enn det som er anbefalt i Danmark. Norske helsemyndigheiter har ikkje utarbeidd r&#229;d for BSG-mat, berre generelle r&#229;d om sukker og feitt.</p><p>Dei barna som i Ungkost-3 spiste <em>minst </em>BSG-varer, fekk i seg meir vitamin, mineral og fiber fordi BSG-maten ikkje &#248;ydela appetitten. Det blei st&#248;rre plass til n&#230;ringsrik mat, slik som heile korn og grovt mj&#248;l, gr&#248;nnsaker, frukt, b&#248;nner, linser, erter, n&#248;tter og fr&#248;, ferskt kj&#248;tt og fisk og melkeprodukt.</p><h3>Kan vi stole p&#229; resultatet?</h3><p>Sp&#248;rjeunders&#248;kinga Ungkost-3 vart utf&#248;rt p&#229; vel 1300 elever ved 108 skular. Om lag halvparten av elevane som blei spurde, deltok. Kan vi stole p&#229; resultatet? Ikkje heilt, n&#230;rare halvparten av elevane deltok ikkje. Fleirtalet av dei som deltok, hadde foreldre med h&#248;gare utdanning og var truleg bevisste p&#229; kva som er sunn og usunn mat. Elevane oppga mindre mengder mat enn det dei m&#229; ha spist, ut fr&#229; ei vurdering av energibehovet i denne aldersgruppa. vi f&#229;r derfor f&#248;rst og fremst eit inntrykk og ein peikepinn p&#229; korleis situasjonen er. </p><p>Unders&#248;kinga vart gjennomf&#248;rt hausten 2015. Med det trykket vi opplever fr&#229; marknadsf&#248;ring av godteri, brus og snacks kan vi vel g&#229; ut fr&#229; at situasjonen ikkje er vesentleg betre i dag. Kanskje verre. Etter det eg kan sj&#229; fr&#229; marknadsf&#248;ringa er ikkje daglegvarehandelen og produsentane p&#229; lag med folkehelsa.</p><p>Industriproduserte p&#248;lser, burgarar og pizza av ymse kvalitet er ogs&#229; popul&#230;r ultraprosessert mat. I New Zealand og Australia var slik mat inkludert i ein tilsvarande BSG-analyse. Den viste at blant barn og unge kom over 30 prosent av kaloriane kom fr&#229; BSG-varer som inkluderte industriproduserte p&#248;lser, burgarar og pizza.</p><h3>Det har g&#229;tt over styr</h3><p>Kos, godteri og snacks er ikkje feil i seg sj&#248;lv, kos er &#171;tillate&#187;. Det er mengdene som har g&#229;tt over styr. Det kan bidra til problem med overvekt og sjukdommar som har samanheng med kosthaldet.</p><p>N&#229;r skulane set s&#248;kelys p&#229; kosematen, kan det p&#229;verke b&#229;de barn og foreldre til &#229; stille sp&#248;rsm&#229;l ved mengdene dei kj&#248;per inn og fort&#230;rer. Den enkelte skule m&#229; finne sine eigne l&#248;ysingar for kosetimen &#8211; begrense mengdene godteri og snacks eller finne andre m&#229;tar &#229; lage kos p&#229;.</p><h4>Kjelder: </h4><p>NRK radio nyheitsmorgon 18. desember 2025. </p><p>Paulsen MM, Myhre JB, Totland TH, Andersen LF. Discretionary foods and drinks in Norwegian children and adolescents&#8217; diet: data from the national dietary survey ungkost-3. Public Health Nutrition 26(12), 2629-2640, 2023.</p><p>Sj&#229; ogs&#229;: Monteiro CA mfl. Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence.  The Lancet, publisert online 18. nov 2025.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><em>Discretionary</em>: If&#248;lge mine ordb&#248;ker betyr det i denne samanheng: etter skj&#248;nn, etter det ein sj&#248;lv &#248;nsker.</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Odelsgutt og margaringründer ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Grunnleggeren av Norges eneste n&#229;v&#230;rende margarinfabrikk vokste opp med krav om bare &#229; lese gudelige skrifter. Knut Knutsen Heje rev seg l&#248;s og grunnla Agra som i dag eier Norges eneste gjenlevende margarinfabrikk.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/odelsgutt-og-margaringrunder</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/odelsgutt-og-margaringrunder</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 13:02:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wxx5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd16ea696-91e1-4eab-8ddc-0d0fc9a92e6c_2396x2594.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dette er den tredje artikkelen om personene som skapte og utviklet norsk margarinindustri. Da jeg skrev boka &#171;<a href="https://www.orkana.no/produkt/det-farlige-oljeeventyret-historien-om-hval-og-fiskefett-i-margarinen/">Det farlige oljeeventyret. Historien om hval- og fiskeolje i margarinen</a>&#187;, ble jeg fascinert av menneskene som stod bak denne nye industrien i Norge. Mens boka handler om produktet margarin og hvordan det p&#229;virket folkehelsen p&#229; godt og vondt, handler denne artikkelserien om personene som skapte historien for 100 - 150 &#229;r siden.</p><p>Neste gang skriver jeg om nederlandske og britiske gr&#252;ndere som samarbeidet med norsk margarinindustri.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Men f&#248;rst historien om Knut Knutsen Heje, grunnleggeren av Agra og Mills:</p><p>Margarinhistorien forteller om mye strid mellom landbruket og margarinindustrien. B&#248;ndene ville selge sm&#248;r, og industrien ville selge margarin. Knut Knutsen Heje klarte kunsten &#229; drive med b&#229;de sm&#248;r og margarin.</p><p>Heje startet margarinfabrikk p&#229; Gr&#252;nerl&#248;kka i Oslo sammen med ingeni&#248;ren J.A. M&#248;rch. Patentet for margarinoppfinnelsen hadde g&#229;tt ut, og det var fritt fram for alle som ville konkurrere med <a href="/__u/haanes.substack.com/p/margarinen-150-ar">Pellerin, Norges f&#248;rste margarinfabrikk</a>. Egentlig var Heje og M&#248;rchs fabrikk den tredje i Norge, men nummer to forsvant fort. Dette var p&#229; 1880-tallet.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wxx5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd16ea696-91e1-4eab-8ddc-0d0fc9a92e6c_2396x2594.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wxx5!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd16ea696-91e1-4eab-8ddc-0d0fc9a92e6c_2396x2594.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wxx5!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd16ea696-91e1-4eab-8ddc-0d0fc9a92e6c_2396x2594.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wxx5!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd16ea696-91e1-4eab-8ddc-0d0fc9a92e6c_2396x2594.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wxx5!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd16ea696-91e1-4eab-8ddc-0d0fc9a92e6c_2396x2594.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wxx5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd16ea696-91e1-4eab-8ddc-0d0fc9a92e6c_2396x2594.jpeg" width="2396" height="2594" 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/__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd16ea696-91e1-4eab-8ddc-0d0fc9a92e6c_2396x2594.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Blikkboks for Vega margarin, produsert av Agra. P&#229; venstre side reklame for et annet Agra-produkt, Palmona olje til matlaging og salatdressing. Foto: Jon-Erik Faksvaag / Norsk Folkemuseum.</em></p><h3><strong>Fra pietistisk familie i Fl&#229;</strong></h3><p>Heje var odelsgutt fra en stor g&#229;rd i Fl&#229; i Hallingdal. Pietismen florerte, som han seinere uttrykte det. Guttungen var besatt av &#229; lese, men foreldrene mente at s&#248;nnen m&#229;tte holde seg til tekster med Guds ord. Det var ikke unge Knut forn&#248;yd med. Han forteller i jubileumsheftet for &#171;Tolvmannsklubben&#187;, seinere gjengitt i avisa Nationen:</p><p>- Far hadde i flere &#229;r abonnert p&#229; avisa Almuevennen. Da jeg var omkring 10 &#229;r gammel, oppdaget mor at jeg var ugudelig slem til &#229; lese i avisen og ikke like glad i &#229; lese Guds ord. Det ble besluttet &#229; si opp Almuevennen for &#229; se om dette kunne hjelpe p&#229; min &#229;ndelig habitus.</p><p>N&#229; var gode r&#229;d dyre. Knut allierte seg med en ansatt p&#229; en av nabog&#229;rdene. Han hadde flere innbundne &#229;rganger av Skillingsmagasinet st&#229;ende i hylla. Knut fikk l&#229;ne en &#229;rgang og smuglet den inn p&#229; soverommet sitt hjemme. Stores&#248;ster, &#171;mors detektiv&#187;, avsl&#248;rte at broren leste ugudelige tekster om kveldene og i helgene. Bladene m&#229;tte leveres tilbake. Da fant han en annen alliert lesehest. Herbrand husmann var ogs&#229; glad i &#229; lese. De besluttet &#229; abonnere p&#229; et blad, levert til Herbrands adresse, og s&#229; leste de sammen.</p><p>Etter hvert avtok &#171;pietisme-sykdommen&#187;. Aviser og skj&#248;nnlitteratur kom inn i heimen. Men utdannelse? Det var un&#248;dvendig for odelsgutten p&#229; en av bygdas st&#248;rste og vakreste g&#229;rder, mente foreldrene. De s&#248;kte st&#248;tte hos l&#230;reren og presten som formante unge Knut om &#229; f&#248;lge foreldrenes &#248;nske.</p><p>&#197; f&#229; g&#229; p&#229; skole var ikke selvsagt i ei tid uten borteboerstipend. Elever og studenter var avhengige av hjelp hjemmefra, eller st&#248;tte fra sponsorer og bankgarantister.</p><p>S&#229; kommer en murermester fra Drammen inn i Hejes liv. Murmesteren var engasjert til &#229; utf&#248;re noe murerarbeid p&#229; g&#229;rden. Han lovde &#229; hjelpe unge Heje med &#229; skaffe seg arbeid i Drammen. Heje planla &#229; r&#248;mme. Men hvorom allting ble, foreldrene l&#248;snet p&#229; grepet.</p><p>- De hadde f&#229;tt en ide om at jeg ville reise til Amerika dersom jeg ikke fikk g&#229; p&#229; skole, forteller han.</p><h3><strong>B&#229;de sm&#248;r og margarin</strong></h3><p>Heje begynte p&#229; landbruksskole og tok seinere meieriutdannelse. Han reiste aldri hjem for &#229; overta g&#229;rden. I stedet ble han blant annet l&#230;rer p&#229; landbruksskole og s&#229; bestyrer for Kristiania Meieribolag i 1880. &#197;ret etter var han med p&#229; &#229; stifte Den Norske Meieriforening.</p><p>Selv om han hadde begge beina godt plantet i landbruksn&#230;ringene, n&#248;lte ikke Heje med &#229; starte margarinproduksjon. Sammen med ingeni&#248;r P.A. M&#248;rch fikk Heje tak i lokalene til en nedlagt s&#229;pefabrikk p&#229; Gr&#252;nerl&#248;kka i Oslo. Her startet de margarinproduksjon i 1885. Selskapet het Scandianian Diary Company (Skandinavisk meieriselskap), men skiftet navn til Agra Margarinfabrik. Etter ti &#229;r trakk M&#248;rch seg ut, og Heje ble eneeier. Han utvidet produksjonen til fabrikker i Sverige (Margarinbolaget), Danmark og Polen. Dette var starten p&#229; selskapet som i dag eier Norges eneste gjenlevende margarinfabrikk, Mills as.</p><p>Hvorfor satset meierimannen Heje p&#229; margarinproduksjon? Margarin var jo en konkurrent til sm&#248;r? Kanskje tenkte han at siden Norge importerte mye sm&#248;r fra utlandet p&#229; denne tida, s&#229; det kunne v&#230;re rom for begge produkter. Kanskje tenkte han at margarinproduksjon var i landbrukets interesse fordi margarinfabrikkene m&#229;tte kj&#248;pe varer fra landbruket, s&#230;rlig talg som det ellers ikke var lett &#229; selge. P&#229; denne tida, f&#248;r kokosfett og herdet hval- og fiskolje kom inn, var margarinen laget av talg, melk og sm&#248;r. Heje inngikk avtaler med slakteriene i Oslo om &#229; levere &#171;den fineste nyretalg&#187; til margarinfabrikken. </p><h3><strong>Ledet Norges f&#248;rste kvinneblad</strong></h3><p>Hejes var sv&#230;rt aktiv n&#229;r det gjaldt kunnskapsformidling til b&#248;nder og landbruksn&#230;ringer. Han utga en sv&#230;rt popul&#230;r oppslagsbok for g&#229;rdbrukere; &#171;Hejes lommealmanak for landmenn&#187;, seinere &#171;Hejes lommeh&#229;ndbok&#187;. I tillegg overtok han Norges Landmandsblad der han framsnakka landbrukspolitiske sp&#248;rsm&#229;l og drev opplysningsarbeid.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg" width="556" height="248" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:248,&quot;width&quot;:556,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:126720,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/i/181782267?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fPp9!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63d5d2ac-2dbe-4eab-8435-42a29dc6820f_556x248.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Illustrasjon: Annonse for Hejes lommealmanak i Landbrukstidende 8. desember 1909. I samme utgave omtales almanakken som uunnv&#230;rlig. &#197;rets utgave inneholder blant annet nye tabeller om sammensetning av f&#244;rblandinger og oversikt over spr&#248;ytemidler til frukttr&#230;r.</em></p><p>Bladet Husmoderen var en annen aktivitet. Han redigerte bladet &#171;under medvirkning av flere dyktige husm&#248;dre&#187;, som det st&#229;r &#248;verst p&#229; f&#248;rste side. Kona Bertha var sentral i redaksjonen. Hun var bondedatter med f&#248;denavnet Kjuus.</p><p>I bladet finner vi artikler om alt som kunne v&#230;re praktisk og nyttig kunnskap for husm&#248;dre. Her er oppskrifter p&#229; svenske knekkebr&#248;d, innsendt at en svensk dame som klaget over det &#171;slette, sure, r&#229;stegte br&#248;d&#187; som ble servert p&#229; g&#229;rder som tok imot svenske sommergjester. Videre er det forklaring p&#229; hvordan man legger opp en fald med n&#229;l og tr&#229;d, beskrivelser av kostholdet i ulike distrikter, hvordan man vasker ned huset og informasjon om sykdommer, og ikke minst litt livsfilosofi.</p><p>I februarnummeret i 1888 siteres et amerikansk blad under tittelen &#171;Hva skal vi gj&#248;re med v&#229;re d&#248;tre?&#187; Svaret er: Gi dem en ordentlig skoledannelse, l&#230;r dem &#229; lage velsmakende mat, &#229; vaske, stryke, stoppe str&#248;mper og sy kl&#230;r. L&#230;r dem &#229; bake og gi dem beskjed om at et godt kj&#248;kken stjeler mange penger fra apoteket. S&#229; fortsetter det med &#248;konomi, hagearbeid og &#229; &#171;forakte all humbug&#187;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg" width="759" height="455" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:455,&quot;width&quot;:759,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:106701,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/i/181782267?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14ccf072-d5af-4973-b546-6f4510620ab1_759x1082.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uGFQ!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ea6ec73-1285-4ee2-993d-2f7bf8a075b6_759x455.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Illustrasjon: Tittelhodet p&#229; bladet Husmoderen nr 5, 1888. Heje overtok seinere bladet og medredakt&#248;ren G. Wankel trakk seg ut.</em></p><h3><strong>Med hjertet i landbruket</strong></h3><p>Etter alt &#229; d&#248;mme var b&#229;de Heje og hans kone Bertha mennesker med stor arbeidskapasitet og drivkraft. Heje var sentral i flere organisasjoner og medlem av direksjonen i Norges Bank i over 30 &#229;r. Det kan virke som om margarinproduksjon var noe han ville drive med p&#229; si&#8217;, de viktigste engasjementene hans var knyttet til landbruket.</p><p>Heje levde til 1942.</p><p>I dag er Agra Norges eneste margarinprodusent, margarinfabrikken har endret navn til Mills AS. Selskapet er fortsatt i familiens eie.</p><h3><strong>Kilder</strong></h3><p>Nationen, 1938. Tilgjengelig p&#229; nb.no</p><p>Husmoderen, 1888. Tilgjengelig p&#229; nb.no</p><p>Norsk biografisk leksikon og snl.no: Knut Knutsen Heje</p><p>C.-H. Jaeger (red.): A/S Agra margarinfabrikk 1885-1960. Norsk margarin i 60 &#229;r. Oslo, 1960.</p><p>G. Jerman. Speilbilde av sin tid. Agra &#8211; et familieselskap gjennom 125 &#229;r. Oslo: 2010.</p><p>mills.no/om-Mills-as </p><h5><strong>Tidligere artikler om personene bak norsk margarinindustri:</strong></h5><p><a href="/__u/haanes.substack.com/p/margarinen-150-ar">Margarinprodusent ble steinrik kunstsamler.</a> Om franskmannen August Pellerin som kom til Oslo og bidro med patentrettigheter og kunnskap da Nordens f&#248;rste margarinfabrikk ble etablert.</p><p><a href="/__u/haanes.substack.com/p/del-2-margarinindustrien-150-ar">Bygde margarinfabrikk med morens mose-penger</a>. Om familien og br&#248;drene Sundt som skaffet pengene og bygde den f&#248;rste margarinfabrikken.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Did you eat your piece of mackerel today?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mackerel, herring, sardines, salmon, and trout might protect against blood clots in the veins. It is because of the omega-3 fatty acids in the fish oil. Why did I write a post about this study? It is not only because blood clots formed in the veins affects a lot of people every year, and because it is important to find effective, preventive measures. What caught my attention was that for the first time a study on diet and thrombosis has measured omega-3 fatty acids in the blood of the participants. This is a more reliable method than asking people what they ate yesterday or last week. The post is an English version of a text in Norwegian posted a couple of days ago.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/did-you-eat-your-piece-of-mackerel</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/did-you-eat-your-piece-of-mackerel</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 08 Dec 2025 12:13:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg" width="1200" height="696" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:696,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;N&#230;rbilde av stor makrell fangst&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="N&#230;rbilde av stor makrell fangst" title="N&#230;rbilde av stor makrell fangst" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FVLC!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ea842a1-70ef-4fdb-9a89-22bf013c74f8_1200x696.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>The mackerel can be eaten fresh, smoked or canned. Photo: Leif N&#248;ttestad / Institute of Marine Research, Norway. </em></p><p>For many years a research group in Troms&#248; has been looking into the association between omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of blood clots inside the veins. A new publication from the <a href="https://uit.no/research/trec?p_document_id=826574&amp;Baseurl=%2Fresearch%2F">TREC Thrombosis research group</a> in Troms&#248;, Norway, shows that a high level of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood might prevent such blood clots.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Blood clots which form inside the veins are called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The clot or part of it may travel to the lungs and block a blood vessel there. If this happens, it is called pulmonary embolism.</p><p>Blood clots in the veins can form without a good reason or being provoked by surgery, an accident, cancer, a heart attack, a stroke or a serious infection. The risk also increases if you stay in bed for several days and if you have had a thrombosis in the past.</p><h3><strong>Facts about the study</strong></h3><p>The researchers measured the level of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood of 17,000 participants in the Nord-Tr&#248;ndelag Cohort Study (HUNT). The participants were followed for 12 years, from 2007 &#8211; 2008 to the end of 2019. A total of 340 men and women developed thromboembolic events at the average age of 71 years. Those who had the least omega-3 fatty acids in their blood (the lower third) had a 25 - 30 percent higher risk of thromboembolism than those belonging to the upper third.</p><p>As far as the researchers know, this is the first study on diet and thromboembolism measuring omega-3 fatty acids in the blood.</p><h3><strong>As vitamins</strong></h3><p>The body cannot make omega-3 fatty acids itself. We must get them from food, in the same way as vitamins.</p><p>How much do we need?</p><p>&#8220;It seems to be sufficient if you eat oily fish two to three times a week, either for dinner or as a spread. We should achieve a threshold level of omega-3 fatty acids. Being above this level, doesn&#8217;t provide any significant additional protection,&#8221; says Professor John-Bjarne Hansen at the TREC research centre, UiT The Artic University of Norway in Troms&#248;. He and his colleagues have collaborated with a number of other researchers in Norway, Sweden and England.</p><p>Oily fish is the main source of omega-3 fatty acids. According to the official dietary guidelines in Norway, you should eat at least 200 grams of oily fish a week, such as herring, mackerel, salmon or trout. Cod, saithe and haddock do not contain fish oil in significant quantities and are not good sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Semi-fatty fish such as redfish, catfish, halibut and monkfish belong to an intermediate category. If you don&#8217;t eat oily fish, dietary supplements like cod liver oil or omega-3 capsules may cover your needs. The recommended amount stated on the package is likely to be sufficient.</p><p>If you get omega-3 from fish regularly, enough omega-3 fatty acids will circulate in the blood. You don&#8217;t need omega-3 every day.</p><p>&#8220;The amount in your blood reflects your intake in the last few weeks or the last couple of months,&#8221; says Hansen, who has studied the effects of omega-3 fatty acids for many years.</p><p>In their publication, the researchers write that the study should be considered as part of the evidence base for the official dietary guidelines.</p><h3><strong>More reliable than questionnaires</strong></h3><p>How reliable is this study? Since the researchers have measured fatty acids in the blood and not just asked the participants about their dietary intake, it is more reliable than studies leaning on information from questionnaires only. Such studies have shown conflicting results. Measuring fatty acids in the blood reflects the real intake of omega-3 and not what the participants remember or tick off in the form.</p><p>The follow-up time in the study was 12 years. What if the participants started eating less or more fish along the way? To check for this uncertainty, the researchers examined the association between omega-3 and thromboembolism after five years. They found small differences to the 12 years results, suggesting that the participants had a stable intake of fish oils and omega-3 fatty acids. This gives increased confidence to the study.</p><p>Although this is a high-quality study, it should be repeated to ensure that there are no variations in the study population or risk factors that have been overlooked. Before reliable dietary recommendations to prevent blood clots can be given, a controlled study should also be carried out. Such a study must be conducted over some years and might be difficult to implement in practice.</p><h3><strong>Biological mechanisms</strong></h3><p>The omega-3 fatty acids inhibit several biological mechanisms involved in forming blood clots: they inhibit platelets to clump together and the formation of thrombin. Furthermore, omega-3 inhibit inflammatory reactions and strengthen the blood vessels&#8217; natural ability to dilate and contract (endothelial function).</p><p>Plant oils also contain small amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, mainly alpha-linolenic acid. This fatty acid is shorter than the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in fish called DHA and EPA. Hansen cannot say whether or not omega-3 from plants is associated with reduced risk of thromboembolism. In the body only very small amounts of alpha-linolenic acid can be extended to become protective, long-chain omega-3. As far as we know today, we need omega-3 from fish to prevent thromboembolic events.</p><p>Many studies have also investigated the association between heart attacks and stroke caused by blood clots in the arteries. The research group in Troms&#248; has not investigated these conditions as there are differences in the biological mechanisms causing blood clots in veins and arteries.</p><h3><strong>Affects 10 million people a year</strong></h3><p>Every year, about 10 million people in the world are affected by thromboembolism. Each case can lead to complications, long-term need for care, rehabilitation and treatment. Some die. Simple preventive measures can therefore prevent both long-term illness and early death in many people.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Johansson M, Br&#230;kkan SK &#8230; Hansen JB. High concentrations of polyunsaturated n&#8211;3 fatty acids in serum are inversely associated with risk of future incident venous thromboembolism &#8211; the HUNT cohort study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, (2025) Volume 122, Issue 5, 1195 &#8211; 1203. </p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Har du spist makrellen din i dag?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Makrell, sild, sardiner, laks og &#248;rret kan beskytte mot blodpropp. Det er omega-3-fettsyrene i fiskefettet som er det aktive stoffet.]]></description><link>https://haanes.substack.com/p/har-du-spist-makrellen-din-i-dag</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://haanes.substack.com/p/har-du-spist-makrellen-din-i-dag</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanna Haanes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 05 Dec 2025 13:41:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg" width="1200" height="696" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:696,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;N&#230;rbilde av stor makrell fangst&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="N&#230;rbilde av stor makrell fangst" title="N&#230;rbilde av stor makrell fangst" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_424, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_848, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jc-H!, /__u/haanes.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/haanes.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/haanes.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/haanes.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/haanes.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fba336f-c080-4e3c-a168-5073a5bc20d7_1200x696.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Stor makrell fra Norskehavet havner i hermetikkboksene og blir til p&#229;legg. Foto: Leif N&#248;ttestad, <a href="https://www.hi.no/resources/imr/HI-036683.jpg/articleimg">Havforskningsinstituttet</a>.</em></p><p>En forskningsgruppe i Troms&#248; har gjennom mange &#229;r forsket p&#229; sammenhengen mellom fiskefett og blodpropprisiko. Den siste rapporten fra Senter for tromboseforskning (<a href="https://uit.no/forskning/forskningsgrupper/sub?p_document_id=374322&amp;sub_id=379801">TREC</a>) viser at menn og kvinner som har mest omega-3-fettsyrer i blodet, har betydelig lavere risiko for &#229; f&#229; ven&#248;se blodpropper enn de som har de laveste niv&#229;ene. <a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> Blodpropper eller tromber som oppst&#229;r i de dype venene i kroppen, kalles dyp venetrombose. Hyppigst oppst&#229;r de i beina. Hele eller deler av disse blodproppene kan l&#248;sne og f&#248;res med blodstr&#248;mmen gjennom hjertet, for deretter &#229; feste seg i lungene og gi lungeemboli.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://haanes.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Hanna's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Risikoen &#248;ker hvis du blir operert, utsatt for en ulykke eller rammes av kreft, akutt infarkt, hjerneslag eller en alvorlig infeksjon. Risikoen &#248;ker ogs&#229; hvis du blir sengeliggende i flere dager, og hvis du har hatt en ven&#248;s blodpropp tidligere. I slike risikosituasjoner er du bedre beskyttet dersom du har nok omega-3-fettsyrer i blodet. Det viser den nye studien fra Troms&#248;.</p><h3><strong>Fakta om studien</strong></h3><p>Forskerne m&#229;lte niv&#229;et av omega-3-fettsyrer i blodet hos 17 000 deltakere i Nord-Tr&#248;ndelag-unders&#248;kelsen (HUNT). Deltakerne ble s&#229; fulgt i 12 &#229;r, fra 2007 &#8211; 2008 til utgangen av 2019. I alt fikk 340 blodpropp, gjennomsnittsalderen for disse var 71 &#229;r. Resultatene viser at risikoen i den tredelen som hadde minst omega-3-fettsyrer i blodet, var 25 - 30 prosent h&#248;yere enn blant dem som hadde mest. Det er en vesentlig forskjell.</p><h3><strong>Som vitaminer</strong></h3><p>Omega-3-fettsyrer er ikke noe kroppen kan lage selv, vi m&#229; f&#229; dem fra maten, p&#229; samme m&#229;te som vitaminer.</p><p>- Hvor mye trenger vi?</p><p>- Det ser ut til &#229; v&#230;re tilstrekkelig dersom du spiser to-tre m&#229;ltider i uka med fet fisk, til middag eller som p&#229;legg. Det er en terskelverdi som vi b&#248;r oppn&#229;. Kommer vi over terskelen, gir det ikke vesentlig &#248;kt beskyttelse, sier professor John-Bjarne Hansen som er sisteforfatter p&#229; studien som utg&#229;r fra Tromboseforskningssenteret og Universitetssykehuset i Nord-Norge, Troms&#248;. Han og kollegene har samarbeidet med en rekke andre forskere i Norge, Sverige og England.</p><p>Vi trenger alts&#229; ikke store mengder omega-3 fettsyrer og fet fisk. Vi trenger bare nok. Det er de fete fiskeslagene som inneholder omega-3. If&#248;lge de offisielle kostr&#229;dene b&#248;r vi spise minst 200 gram fet fisk i uka, slik som sild, makrell, laks og &#248;rret. <a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a> Torsk, sei og hyse inneholder ikke fiskefett i mengder av betydning og duger ikke som kilde for omega-3. Halvfet fisk som uer, steinbit, kveite og breiflabb kommer i en mellomkategori. F&#229;r du ikke i deg fet fisk, kan du ta tran eller kapsler med omega-3. Den anbefalte mengden som angis p&#229; pakningen er sannsynligvis tilstrekkelig.</p><p>Forskningen fra Troms&#248; viser ogs&#229; at hvis du f&#229;r i deg omega-3 fra fisk jevnlig, vil tilstrekkelig mengde omega-3 sirkulere i blodet. Du trenger ikke spise omega-3 hver dag.</p><p>- Den mengden du har i blodet, reflekterer inntaket ditt de siste ukene eller de siste par m&#229;nedene, sier Hansen som har arbeidet med omega-3-fettsyrer over mange &#229;r.</p><h3><strong>Mer p&#229;litelig enn sp&#248;rreskjema</strong></h3><p>Hvor p&#229;litelig er denne studien? Siden forskerne har m&#229;lt fettsyrer i blodet og ikke bare spurt hva folk har spist, er den mer p&#229;litelig enn studier som bare har benyttet sp&#248;rreskjema. Sp&#248;rreskjemastudier har vist ujevne og usikre resultater. M&#229;ling av fettsyrer i blodet speiler hva deltakerne virkelig har spist, og ikke hva de husker eller krysser av for i skjemaet.</p><p>Oppf&#248;lgingstida i studien var 12 &#229;r. Hva om deltakerne begynte &#229; spise mindre eller mer fisk underveis? Da blir resultatene mindre p&#229;litelige. For &#229; sjekke for denne usikkerheten unders&#248;kte forskerne hvordan sammenhengen mellom omega-3 fettsyrer og risikoen for blodpropp var etter bare fem &#229;rs oppf&#248;lging. De fant sm&#229; forskjeller i forhold til 12-&#229;rsoppf&#248;lgingen, noe som tyder p&#229; at deltakerne hadde et stabilt fiskeinntak. Dette styrker tilliten til hovedresultatet.</p><p>Selv om dette er en studie av h&#248;y kvalitet, b&#248;r den gjentas for &#229; sikre at det ikke er variasjoner i befolkningen eller faktorer man har oversett. F&#248;r man kan gi sikre forebyggende r&#229;d, b&#248;r det ideelt sett ogs&#229; gj&#248;res en kontrollert studie der for eksempel halvparten av deltakerne f&#229;r tilskudd av fiskefett og halvparten ikke. Men en slik studie m&#229; vare lenge, omfatte mange og kan v&#230;re vanskelig &#229; gjennomf&#248;re i praksis.</p><h3><strong>Biologiske mekanismer</strong></h3><p>Omega-3-fettsyrene hemmer mekanismer som f&#248;rer til at blodplater klumper seg sammen og danner blodpropp, og de hemmer dannelse av trombin som inng&#229;r i blodpropper. Videre hemmer de betennelsesreaksjoner (inflammasjon) og styrker blod&#229;renes naturlige evne til &#229; utvide seg og trekke seg sammen (endotelial funksjon).</p><p>Forskerne har ikke studert omega-3-fettsyrer fra planteoljer. I planteoljer er det sm&#229; mengder av omega-3-fettsyren alfa-linolensyre. Denne fettsyren er kortere enn de langkjeda omega-3-fettsyrene i fisk, som kalles DHA og EPA. Om omega-3 fra planter har betydning for ven&#248;se blodpropper kan ikke Hansen si noe om. I kroppen blir alfa-linolensyre i liten grad forlenget til de beskyttende, langkjeda omega-3 fettsyrene. Slik bildet ser ut i dag, er det omega-3 fra fisk som er viktig for &#229; forbygge blodpropp.</p><p>Mange forskere har ogs&#229; studert om omega-3 kan beskytte mot blodpropper i arteriene og derfor mot hjerteinfarkt og hjerneslag. Dette har ikke gruppa i Troms&#248; sett p&#229;, fordi det her er andre biologiske mekanismer som gjelder.</p><h3><strong>Rammer 10 millioner i &#229;ret</strong></h3><p>I Norge f&#229;r hvert &#229;r 7000 til 10 000 personer ven&#248;s trombose. I verden totalt er det &#229;rlig om lag 10 millioner mennesker som f&#229;r ven&#248;s blodpropp. </p><p>Hvert tilfelle kan medf&#248;re komplikasjoner, langvarig behov for pleie, opptrening og behandling. Inntil halvparten av de som f&#229;r en blodpropp i beina, f&#229;r seinere plager med smerter og hevelser fordi blodsirkulasjonen har blitt d&#229;rligere. Noen d&#248;r.</p><p>Enkle forebyggende tiltak kan derfor forebygge b&#229;de langvarig sykdom og tidlig d&#248;d hos et stort antall mennesker. Forskerne skriver at denne studien b&#248;r vurderes som en del av kunnskapsgrunnlaget for de offisielle kostr&#229;dene.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Johansson M, Br&#230;kkan SK &#8230; Hansen JB. High concentrations of polyunsaturated n&#8211;3 fatty acids in serum are inversely associated with risk of future incident venous thromboembolism &#8211; the HUNT cohort study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 122, Issue 5, 1195 &#8211; 1203. </p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/faglige-rad/kostradene-og-naeringsstoffer/kostrad-for-befolkningen#velg-oftere-fisk-og-sjomat-bonner-og-linser-enn-rodt-kjott-spis-minst-mulig-bearbeidet-kjott">Kostr&#229;d om fisk</a>, Helsedirektoratet. </p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>