<script data-pm-proxy="intercept"></script><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Halim’in Günlüğü --- Halim's Diary]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bu sayfalarda yazılan her şey doğru ve sizi ilgilendiriyor. İngilizce ve Türkçe yayınlanır.

There is only truth here and it concerns you.  I post in English and Turkish. ]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!COor!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fhalimgur.substack.com%2Fimg%2Fsubstack.png</url><title>Halim’in Günlüğü --- Halim&apos;s Diary</title><link>https://halimgur.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:55:27 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Halim Gurgenci]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[halimgur@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[halimgur@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Halim Gurgenci]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Halim Gurgenci]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[halimgur@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[halimgur@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Halim Gurgenci]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Ahlak Miktar Teorisi]]></title><description><![CDATA[Will Self&#8217;in son roman&#305;n&#305; okurken, &#304;srail&#8217;in hatalar&#305;n&#305; d&#252;zeltmede uluslararas&#305; Yahudi Diasporas&#305;na d&#252;&#351;en pay&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;nmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;m.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/ahlak-miktar-teorisi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/ahlak-miktar-teorisi</guid><pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2026 08:27:03 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. E-posta adresiniz kimse ile payla&#351;&#305;lmayacak</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#304;ngilizce&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school"><span>&#304;ngilizce</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/ahlak-miktar-teorisi?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/ahlak-miktar-teorisi?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p><br></p><h2></h2><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h1>Ahlak Miktar Teorisi</h1><p>Will Self&#8217;in son roman&#305;n&#305;n ba&#351;l&#305;&#287;&#305; <em>The Quantity Theory of Morality, </em>T&#252;rk&#231;eye ben &#8216;<em>Ahlak Miktar Teorisi</em>&#8217; diye &#231;evirdim.  &#199;&#252;r&#252;mekte olan bir &#252;lkede (&#304;ngiltere) ya&#351;ayan, ahlaki &#231;&#246;k&#252;&#351; i&#231;indeki bir arkada&#351; gurubunu konu al&#305;yor.</p><p>Roman karakteri Dr Busner&#8217;a ait <strong>Ahlak Miktar Teorisi</strong>. Tamamen kurgu bir teori ama sadeli&#287;i bana &#231;ok cazip geldi. Teoriye g&#246;re bireysel ahlaki davran&#305;&#351; &#246;rnekleri &#231;o&#287;ald&#305;k&#231;a, o &#246;rneklere do&#287;rudan ba&#287;l&#305; olmasa da, toplum da iyile&#351;iyor.</p><p>Roman&#305; okurken acaba bu teori devletler i&#231;in de ge&#231;erli olur mu diye sordum kendime.  Klasik iktisattaki <strong>Para Miktar Teorisi</strong>nden esinlenerek a&#351;a&#287;&#305;daki grafi&#287;i &#231;izdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png" width="747" height="339" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:339,&quot;width&quot;:747,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Teorinin mucidi roman karakteri Dr Busner&#8217;e g&#246;re Ahlak Miktar Teorisi kavramsal olarak &#231;ok basit: Bir toplumda ne kadar &#231;ok insan ne kadar fazla iyilik yaparsa, o toplumun ba&#351;&#305;na da o kadar &#231;ok iyi &#351;ey gelir. Yani, grafikteki <em>x </em>ekseninde sa&#287;a do&#287;ru  yol ald&#305;k&#231;a,  <em>y</em> ekseninde de y&#252;kseliriz.  Biri azal&#305;rsa ama, di&#287;eri de azal&#305;r. Ahlaki fazlal&#305;k,  bir toplumsal iyi niyet rezervi olu&#351;turur. Ahlaki a&#231;&#305;k ise toplumu a&#351;a&#287;&#305;ya &#231;eker.</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;<em>... ahlaki hayat, hem &#246;z&#252; hem de prati&#287;i itibar&#305;yla kolektiftir; iyi vicdan ancak iyi bir toplum i&#231;inde var olabilir.</em>&#8220;<br><em>(Will Self, The Quantity Theory of Morality, s. 180, Kindle bask&#305;s&#305;)</em></p></blockquote><h2><strong>Hi&#231; kimse bir ada de&#287;ildir</strong></h2><p>Romanda alt&#305; b&#246;l&#252;m var. Y&#305;llard&#305;r birbirini tan&#305;yan yakla&#351;&#305;k on be&#351; ki&#351;ilik bir grup bir ak&#351;am yeme&#287;inde bulu&#351;uyor ve biz de bir y&#305;l boyunca onlar&#305;n hayatlar&#305;n&#305; takip ediyoruz. &#304;lk b&#246;l&#252;m bu. Sonraki b&#246;l&#252;mler de yine ayn&#305; ak&#351;am yeme&#287;iyle ba&#351;lay&#305;p devam ediyor.  Yani ayn&#305; y&#305;l alt&#305; kez tekrar ediliyor.</p><p>Ayn&#305; olaylar&#305;n farkl&#305; ki&#351;ilerin g&#246;z&#252;nden aktar&#305;lmas&#305; gibi daha &#246;nce &#231;ok denenmi&#351; bir format beklemeyin. Will Self &#231;ok daha yarat&#305;c&#305; bir yazar. Her b&#246;l&#252;m ayn&#305; noktadan ba&#351;l&#305;yor ama sonra her seferinde ba&#351;ka &#351;eyler oluyor. Ayn&#305; insanlar&#305;n, her b&#246;l&#252;mde biraz farkl&#305; (kimi zaman tamamen farkl&#305;) olaylara maruz kalmas&#305;n&#305; ve olaylara tepkilerini izledik&#231;e karakterleri &#231;ok daha iyi tan&#305;d&#305;m san&#305;yorum. San&#305;r&#305;m Self&#8217;in bu format&#305; se&#231;mesinin nedenlerinden biri de buydu.</p><p>Grup adeta d&#305;&#351; d&#252;nyadan yal&#305;t&#305;lm&#305;&#351; bir kozan&#305;n i&#231;inde ya&#351;&#305;yor sanki. &#304;lk d&#246;rt b&#246;l&#252;m boyunca, her versiyonda, ayn&#305; y&#305;l&#305; biraz farkl&#305; bi&#231;imlerde ge&#231;erken d&#305;&#351; d&#252;nyayla temas &#231;ok az. Hatta zaman zaman hangi y&#305;lda ya&#351;ad&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; bile &#231;&#305;karmakta zorland&#305;m.</p><p>Be&#351;inci b&#246;l&#252;me gelinceye kadar kendi kendime soruyordum:</p><p><strong>&#8220;Ben bu kitab&#305; neden okuyorum?&#8221;</strong></p><p>Be&#351;inci b&#246;l&#252;me ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305;mda ise ilk d&#246;rt b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n bize pimi &#231;ekilmemi&#351; bir el bombas&#305; uzatt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, be&#351;inci b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n ise o pimi &#231;ekti&#287;ini hissettim. Ayr&#305;nt&#305; vererek s&#252;rprizi bozmak istemiyorum. &#350;unu s&#246;ylemekle yetinece&#287;im: Kitap bitti&#287;inde, Self&#8217;in be&#351;inci b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;, okurlar&#305; &#304;srail&#8217;in ahlaki krizi ve bunun Yahudi diasporas&#305;n&#305;n &#246;nemli bir kesiminde yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305; derin huzursuzluk &#252;zerine d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;rmek i&#231;in yazd&#305;&#287;&#305;na kani oldum.</p><h2><strong>&#304;srail toplumunun ahlaki &#231;&#246;k&#252;&#351;&#252;</strong></h2><p>Son &#252;&#231; y&#305;lda d&#252;nya, teorinin k&#252;resel &#246;l&#231;ekte ger&#231;ek zamanl&#305; ve y&#305;k&#305;c&#305; bir uygulamas&#305;na tan&#305;kl&#305;k etti. &#304;srail ordusunun Gazze&#8217;de, Bat&#305; &#350;eria&#8217;da ve kom&#351;u &#252;lkelerde y&#252;r&#252;tt&#252;&#287;&#252; faaliyetler, grafi&#287;in X ekseninde &#304;srail i&#231;in felaket boyutunda bir daralmaya yol a&#231;t&#305;.</p><p>&#304;srail Bat&#305; d&#252;nyas&#305;n&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;k b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;nde evvelden muazzam bir ahlaki sermayeye sahipti.  Bu ahlaki sermaye, siyasi destek, diplomatik koruma ve yayg&#305;n kamuoyu sempatisi &#351;eklinde tezah&#252;r ediyordu. Ancak Ekim 2023&#8217;ten bu yana bu birikim h&#305;zla eridi. Son askeri operasyonlar&#305;n yol a&#231;t&#305;&#287;&#305; b&#252;y&#252;k insani y&#305;k&#305;m ve uluslararas&#305; alanda yayg&#305;n bi&#231;imde k&#305;namalar, &#304;srail&#8217;in y&#305;llar i&#231;inde olu&#351;turdu&#287;u ahlaki sermayeyi t&#252;ketti.</p><p>Sonu&#231; tam da ba&#351;taki grafi&#287;in &#246;ng&#246;rd&#252;&#287;&#252; gibi oldu: Y ekseni &#231;&#246;kt&#252;. Bir zamanlar &#304;srail&#8217;e sars&#305;lmaz destek veren &#252;lkeler &#351;imdi geri &#231;ekiliyor, diplomatik tutumlar&#305;n&#305; de&#287;i&#351;tiriyor ve eskiden sonsuz g&#246;r&#252;nen koruyucu iyi niyetlerini art&#305;k geri al&#305;yorlar. &#304;srail, d&#252;nyan&#305;n g&#246;z&#252;nde giderek yaln&#305;zla&#351;&#305;yor.</p><h2><strong>&#304;srail art&#305;k bir &#8220;&#199;&#305;lg&#305;n Devlet&#8221; mi?</strong></h2><p>Yeni yay&#305;mlanan <em>Israel&#8217;s Lobby: America in the Grip of a Foreign Power</em> adl&#305; kitapta Eli Clifton ve Ian Lustick, &#304;srail&#8217;i bir <strong>&#8220;&#199;&#305;lg&#305;n Devlet&#8221;</strong> (<em>Crazy State</em>) olarak tan&#305;mlam&#305;&#351;lar.</p><p>&#8220;&#199;&#305;lg&#305;n Devlet&#8221; kavram&#305; ilk kez &#304;srailli siyaset bilimci Yehezkel Dror&#8217;un 1971 tarihli <em>Crazy States: A Counterconventional Strategic Problem</em> adl&#305; eserinde ortaya at&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Dror bu kavram&#305;, &#304;srail&#8217;in Orta Do&#287;u&#8217;daki d&#252;&#351;manlar&#305;n&#305; tan&#305;mlamak ve onlara kar&#351;&#305; &#246;nleyici ve hatta &#246;n al&#305;c&#305; sald&#305;r&#305;lar d&#226;hil her t&#252;rl&#252; y&#246;ntemin me&#351;ru oldu&#287;unu savunmak i&#231;in kullan&#305;yordu.</p><p>Buradaki &#8220;<em>&#231;&#305;lg&#305;n</em>&#8221; s&#246;zc&#252;&#287;&#252; <em>irrasyonel</em> ya da <em>deli</em> anlam&#305;na gelmiyor. B&#252;y&#252;k hedeflere fanatik ba&#287;l&#305;l&#305;k ve bu hedeflere u&#287;runa etik ya da hukuki olsun olmas&#305;n eldeki t&#252;m ara&#231;lar&#305; kullanma kararl&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; ifade ediyor. <em>&#199;&#305;lg&#305;n Devletler </em>(veya devlet d&#305;&#351;&#305; akt&#246;rler) kendilerini her zaman ahlaken &#252;st&#252;n ve hakl&#305; g&#246;r&#252;rler ve bu da onlar&#305; insafs&#305;z &#351;iddet hatta ter&#246;r y&#246;ntemlerini teredd&#252;ts&#252;z kullanmaya y&#246;neltir.</p><p>Clifton ve Lustick&#8217;e g&#246;re &#304;srail&#8217;in b&#246;yle bir devlete d&#246;n&#252;&#351;mesinde belirleyici olan unsur, Amerika Birle&#351;ik Devletleri&#8217;nin ko&#351;ulsuz ve ele&#351;tirel olmayan deste&#287;iydi. Yazarlar kitaplar&#305;n&#305; ABD hakk&#305;nda yazm&#305;&#351; olsalar da ayn&#305; arg&#252;man &#304;ngiltere ba&#351;ta olmak &#252;zere ba&#351;ka baz&#305; Bat&#305;l&#305; &#252;lkeler i&#231;in de ileri s&#252;r&#252;lebilir.</p><p>Bu bak&#305;&#351; a&#231;&#305;s&#305;na g&#246;re &#304;srail&#8217;in artarak &#231;&#305;lg&#305;nla&#351;mas&#305;n&#305;n sebebi liderlerindeki ani ak&#305;l tutulmas&#305; de&#287;il, d&#305;&#351;ar&#305;dan al&#305;nan ko&#351;ulsuz destek onlar&#305; tav&#305;r de&#287;i&#351;tirmeye zorlayacak sonu&#231;lardan korudu&#287;u i&#231;in.</p><p>E&#287;er Clifton ve Lustick hakl&#305;ysa, ABD&#8217;de ve di&#287;er Bat&#305;l&#305; &#252;lkelerde ya&#351;ayan Yahudi diasporas&#305;n&#305;n, h&#252;k&#252;metlerini &#304;srail&#8217;in bu &#8220;<em>&#231;&#305;lg&#305;n</em>&#8221; rotas&#305;n&#305; d&#252;zeltmeye te&#351;vik etmek i&#231;in yapabilece&#287;i &#231;ok &#351;ey var.</p><h2><strong>Ahlak Miktar Teorisi ve Yahudi diasporas&#305;n&#305;n sorumlulu&#287;u</strong></h2><p>Bat&#305;l&#305; &#252;lkelerde ya&#351;ayan Yahudi topluluklar&#305; a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan, &#304;srail&#8217;in k&#252;resel ahlaki sermayesinin &#231;&#246;kmesi zor bir ortam yarat&#305;yor. Kendi Bat&#305; toplumlar&#305;n&#305;n ne kadar iyi unsurlar&#305; olurlarsa olsunlar, <em>y</em> eksenindeki &#8220;iyi &#351;eyler&#8221;, binlerce kilometre uzaktaki bir devletin yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305; ahlak noksanl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n tehdidi alt&#305;na giriyor. Diaspora, onay vermedi&#287;i bir ahlaki iflas&#305;n sonu&#231;lar&#305;yla ya&#351;amak zorunda kal&#305;yor.</p><p>Romandaki Ahlak Miktar Teorisinin, Holokost&#8217;tan sa&#287; kurtulmu&#351; bir karakter taraf&#305;ndan ortaya at&#305;l&#305;yor olmas&#305; kayda de&#287;er. Bu ki&#351;i, romandaki tali karakterlerden biri olan Will&#8217;in amcas&#305;. Teori ac&#305;mas&#305;z. Nas&#305;l bir merkez bankas&#305; sonsuza kadar para bas&#305;p hiperenflasyondan ka&#231;amazsa, bir devlet de ahlaki a&#231;&#305;k vererek sonsuza kadar ya&#351;ayamaz. Er ya da ge&#231; toplumsal sermayesini t&#252;ketir.</p><p>Daha &#246;nce romandaki her b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n ayn&#305; olay &#246;rg&#252;s&#252;n&#252; biraz farkl&#305; bir rotadan anlatt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; s&#246;ylemi&#351;tim. Bunu her y&#305;l yata&#287;&#305;nda k&#252;&#231;&#252;k k&#305;vr&#305;mlar &#231;izerek akan bir nehre benzetebiliriz. Ancak be&#351;inci b&#246;l&#252;mde nehir yata&#287;&#305;ndan ta&#351;&#305;nca b&#252;t&#252;n ovay&#305; sel bas&#305;yor.</p><p>Be&#351;inci b&#246;l&#252;mde, &#304;ngiltere toplumu, grubumuzdaki Yahudilerin hi&#231;bir zaman &#8220;<em>katil Sabralar&#305;</em>&#8220; desteklemediklerini umursamaz. Ger&#231;ekten de grubun Yahudi &#252;yelerinden biri &#304;srail h&#252;k&#252;metlerini &#351;&#246;yle tan&#305;ml&#305;yordu:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;<em>&#304;srail-Filistin&#8217;i y&#246;neten ve etno-milliyet&#231;i fermanlar&#305;n&#305; Gazze&#8217;nin talihsiz halk&#305;na ve Bat&#305; &#350;eria&#8217;da geriye kalan Filistinlilere dayatan katil Sabralar.</em>&#8220; (Self, <em>The Quantity Theory of Morality</em>, s. 234)</p></blockquote><p>&#214;yle tan&#305;ml&#305;yordu ama bu, onun i&#231;inden ge&#231;en bir his, kimsenin bilmedi&#287;i bir d&#252;&#351;&#252;nceydi. Bu da, bir eyleme d&#246;n&#252;&#351;medi&#287;i i&#231;in,  &#304;srail&#8217;deki dinda&#351;lar&#305;n&#305;n yapt&#305;klar&#305;ndan &#304;ngiltere&#8217;de su&#231;lanmaya kar&#351;&#305; savunmay&#305; zor k&#305;l&#305;yordu.</p><p>Ahlak Miktar Teorisi&#8217;ni daha &#246;nce ortaya atan Holokost ma&#287;duru karakter ise be&#351;inci b&#246;l&#252;mde ya&#351;ananlardan hi&#231; &#351;a&#351;&#305;rm&#305;yor sanki:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;<em>Kahverengi G&#246;mlekliler a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan bunun hi&#231;bir &#246;nemi yok. Son elli y&#305;ld&#305;r hepimiz AIPAC ad&#305;na ba&#287;&#305;&#351; kutusu sallam&#305;&#351;&#305;z gibi davranacaklar bize. Dahas&#305; &#8212; art&#305;k sen de bunun fark&#305;ndas&#305;n &#8212; Yahudilerin yar&#305;m y&#252;zy&#305;l boyunca kendi ac&#305;lar&#305;n&#305; &#305;rksalla&#351;t&#305;rmalar&#305;, her t&#252;r antisemit i&#231;in kendi nefretlerini de ayn&#305; &#351;ekilde &#305;rksalla&#351;t&#305;rmay&#305; &#231;ok daha kolayla&#351;t&#305;rd&#305;.</em>&#8220; (s. 234&#8211;235, Kindle bask&#305;s&#305;)</p></blockquote><h2><strong>Sonu&#231;</strong></h2><p>Hamas&#8217;&#305;n G&#252;ney &#304;srail&#8217;e sald&#305;r&#305;s&#305;ndan k&#305;sa bir s&#252;re sonra &#351;&#246;yle yazm&#305;&#351;t&#305;m:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;&#304;<em>sraillilerin Hamas&#8217;&#305;n katillerinin cezaland&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305; talep etme hakk&#305; var. Yine de &#304;srail&#8217;in Gazze&#8217;yi i&#351;gal etmesi katilleri cezaland&#305;rmayacak, aksine daha &#231;ok masumun zarar g&#246;rmesine neden olacakt&#305;r. Peki ne yapmal&#305;? &#304;srail h&#252;k&#252;meti h&#305;zl&#305; tepki i&#231; g&#252;d&#252;s&#252;nden vaz ge&#231;ip ge&#231;en haftaki &#351;iddet eylemlerinin faillerini cezaland&#305;rmak i&#231;in uluslararas&#305; bir koalisyon aray&#305;&#351;&#305;na girme &#246;ng&#246;r&#252;s&#252;ne sahip olabilir mi? Yava&#351; bir s&#252;re&#231; olur ve bombard&#305;man u&#231;aklar&#305; g&#246;ndermek kadar tatmin edici olmaz ama kan davas&#305;n&#305; durdurman&#305;n tek yolu budur. Kana kan di&#351;e di&#351; yeni &#246;l&#252;mler ge&#231;en haftan&#305;n kurbanlar&#305;ndan baz&#305;lar&#305;n&#305;n ac&#305;s&#305;n&#305; dindirebilir ama &#351;iddeti durdurmaz. Bug&#252;n&#252;n katilleri yar&#305;n av olur ve d&#246;ng&#252; devam eder</em>.<em>.</em>&#8220; (<a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/asaglk-eylemler">A&#351;a&#287;&#305;l&#305;k Eylemler</a>)</p></blockquote><p>Bu sat&#305;rlar&#305; 16 Ekim 2023&#8217;te yazd&#305;m. Aradan neredeyse &#252;&#231; y&#305;l ge&#231;ti. Ke&#351;ke yan&#305;lm&#305;&#351; olsayd&#305;m.</p><p>Will Self&#8217;in roman&#305; &#252;&#231; y&#305;l &#246;ncesinin &#246;ng&#246;r&#252;s&#252;n&#252; destekliyor.  Roman&#305; parlak bir edebiyat deneyinden ziyade g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bir uyar&#305; gibi okudum. Bir devlet b&#252;y&#252;k askeri g&#252;ce, diplomatik deste&#287;e ve ekonomik kapasiteye sahip olabilir. Ancak ahlaki sermayesini s&#252;rekli t&#252;ketip yerine yenisini koyam&#305;yorsa, eninde sonunda bunun bedelini &#246;demekten ka&#231;amaz.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>19 A&#287;ustos k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=33,90 TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png" width="1074" height="208" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:208,&quot;width&quot;:1074,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38051,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/211809347?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t877!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03dadd3d-4aa5-4a1b-b177-228831d73704_1074x208.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cx3u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88c66249-4e02-4c03-87b6-41a29d7464e6_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cx3u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88c66249-4e02-4c03-87b6-41a29d7464e6_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cx3u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LUKN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18223e5b-61af-403f-9165-e8a636d41ae2_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LUKN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18223e5b-61af-403f-9165-e8a636d41ae2_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LUKN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18223e5b-61af-403f-9165-e8a636d41ae2_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  Kurdaki de&#287;er kayb&#305;n&#305;n her zaman enflasyon oran&#305;n&#305;n biraz &#252;zerinde seyretmesi beklenir. Bu grafi&#287;i s&#252;rd&#252;rmenin tek yolu &#252;lkeye d&#252;zenli d&#246;viz giri&#351;i olmas&#305;d&#305;r; ancak hesaplarda b&#246;yle bir girdi g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.  Kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k bir mesele.</p><h3>Maa&#351;lar</h3><p>1 Temmuz 2026 itibar&#305;yla Avustralya&#8217;da ulusal asgari &#252;cret saat ba&#351;&#305;na 26,44 Avustralya dolar&#305;na y&#252;kseltildi. Bu rakam, ayda 160 saat &#231;al&#305;&#351;an bir ki&#351;i i&#231;in yakla&#351;&#305;k 4.230 Avustralya dolarl&#305;k ayl&#305;k gelire kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k geliyor.</p><p>Ancak ulusal asgari &#252;cret, Avustralyal&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yaln&#305;zca k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252; do&#287;rudan ilgilendiriyor. As&#305;l &#246;nemli olan, &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %21&#8217;ini kapsayan <strong>modern award</strong> &#252;cret sistemleri. Bu sistemlerdeki en d&#252;&#351;&#252;k &#252;cret kademeleri ulusal asgari &#252;cretin biraz &#252;st&#252;nde oluyor.</p><p>Buna k&#305;yasla, T&#252;rkiye'deki asgari &#252;cret ayda 26.000 TRY. Mevcut d&#246;viz kuruna g&#246;re bu, ayda 1018A$'a denk geliyor.</p><p>Kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m veri taban&#305; ve yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">github&#8217;dan</a> indirebilirsiniz isterseniz.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/kac-yasnda-oleceksiniz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNDg1MDEzLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNDc4MTEyMTgsImlhdCI6MTcyNTQ0NzE2NSwiZXhwIjoxNzI4MDM5MTY1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItODE2NDAzIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.gflOC_lXLtSydu2NC1z9webyHNGGRO7rOIQkTHFBQWc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;cretsizdir. Rahat rahat payla&#351;&#305;n daha fazla okunsun.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/ahlak-miktar-teorisi?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/ahlak-miktar-teorisi?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Sayfan&#305;n sonuna geldiniz. Abone olun ki gelecek sayfalar otomatikman e-posta adresinize gelsin. Abonelik &#252;cretsiz. Manevi destek olal&#305;m derseniz yorum yap&#305;n ve sayfam&#305; payla&#351;&#305;n. Abone olmaktan korkmay&#305;n, her zaman tek d&#252;&#287;meye t&#305;klay&#305;p &#231;&#305;kabilirsiniz.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>&#304;statistik</strong></h2><p>Abone say&#305;s&#305; : 540</p><p>Takip&#231;i say&#305;s&#305; : 745</p><p>Telif hakk&#305; yoktur. &#304;stedi&#287;iniz gibi kopyalay&#305;n da&#287;&#305;t&#305;n par&#231;alay&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Quantity Theory of Morality]]></title><description><![CDATA[Reading Will Self&#8217;s latest novel, I found myself reflecting on the responsibility that falls on Jewish Diaspora to help Israel correct its ways.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/quantity-theory-of-morality</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/quantity-theory-of-morality</guid><pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2026 02:19:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/quantity-theory-of-morality?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/quantity-theory-of-morality?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>The title of Will Self&#8217;s latest novel is <em>The Quantity Theory of Morality</em><span>.  The book is about a group of decadent individuals in a decaying country (UK).</span></p><p><span>A character in the book, Dr Busner, introduces the Quantity Theory of Morality. This is a fictional theory, but it has an appealing simplicity. It suggests that the moral behaviour of individuals generates collective benefits that extend far beyond the original acts themselves.</span></p><p><span>Reading the novel, I could not help wondering whether the same idea might apply to states. I drew the following graph in a style similar to the Quantity Theory of Money.  The Quantity Theory of Money is a real theory in classical economics.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, 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src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png" width="747" height="339" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:339,&quot;width&quot;:747,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ePle!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d7ca2-fbad-40b6-88b4-1ab643de9c8c_747x339.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span>The theory of morality as explained by Dr Busner in the book is conceptually simple: the more people do good things, the more good things happen to the community.  As </span><em><span>x</span></em><span> grows, so does </span><em><span>y</span></em><span>, and vice versa. Moral surplus builds a reservoir of external goodwill. A moral deficit takes the society down.</span></p><p><span>&#8220;... </span><em><span>all moral life is both essentially and practically collective, and the only good conscience subsists within a good community.</span></em><span>&#8221; (Will Self, The Quantity Theory of Morality, p. 180,  Kindle Edition)</span></p><h2><span>No man is an island</span></h2><p><span>The book has six chapters.   A group of 15 people who had known each other for a long time attends a dinner party and we follow their lives over a year.  This is what happens in the first chapter and the subsequent chapters repeat the same year starting with the same dinner party.  It is not narrating the same events from viewpoints of different people.  Will Self is a more imaginative author.  The chapters start the same way (with the dinner party) but what comes later is quite different. By observing the same group of people subjected to slightly (sometimes completely) different events in different chapters, we get to know their personalities  very well.  This may have been one of the reasons Will Self uses this format.</span></p><p><span>It is a closely-knit group seemingly living in a cocoon. Through the first four chapters they spend a year doing slightly different things in each version of events, with remarkably little interaction with the outside world. At times I even found it difficult to determine what year they were living in.</span></p><p><span>I kept asking myself why I was reading this book until I read Chapter 5.</span></p><p><span>When I started Chapter 5, I felt as if the first four chapters handed us an unpinned grenade and Chapter 5 let it explode.  I will not give you spoilers but suffice it to say that I came away convinced that Self intends the events of Chapter 5 to be read against the backdrop of Israel&#8217;s moral crisis and the resulting anguish within much of the Jewish diaspora.</span></p><h2><span>Moral collapse of the Israeli Society</span></h2><p><span>Over the last three years, the world has witnessed a real-time, devastating application of this theory on the global stage. The actions of the Israeli government and military in Gaza, the West Bank, and neighbouring countries have initiated a catastrophic contraction on the X-axis.</span></p><p><span>For decades Israel accumulated enormous moral capital in much of the Western world. That moral capital translated into political support, diplomatic protection and widespread public sympathy.  Since October 2023, however, that accumulated capital has been depleted at remarkable speed. The sheer humanitarian toll and the widely condemned nature of recent military actions have rapidly exhausted Israel&#8217;s accumulated moral capital.</span></p><p><span>The result is exactly what the graph dictates: the Y-axis has collapsed. Nations that previously offered steadfast support are retreating, shifting their diplomatic stances, and withdrawing the protective goodwill that once seemed permanent. Israel finds itself in an increasingly isolated and unfavourable position in the eyes of a world that used to stand firmly in its corner.</span></p><h2><span>Is Israel now a &#8220;Crazy State&#8221;?</span></h2><p><span>In a recently published book &#8220;</span><em><span>Israel&#8217;s Lobby: America in the Grip of a Foreign Power</span></em><span>&#8221;, Eli Clifton and Ian Lustick describe Israel as a &#8220;Crazy State&#8221;.  The term &#8220;Crazy State&#8221; was introduced by Israeli political scientist Yehezkel Dror in his 1971 book &#8220;</span><em><span>Crazy States: A Counterconventional Strategic Problem</span></em><span>&#8221;.  Dror described Israel&#8217;s enemies in the Middle East as such to justify taking all possible measures against them including preemptive or preventive action. &#8220;Crazy&#8221; in this context does not mean irrational or insane.  It means intense commitment to grandiose plans and to aggressively pursue them using all means available with no concern for ethical and international legal norms. Crazy States (or non-state actors) have a pervasive sense of moral superiority and self-righteousness and this makes them conduct all effective instruments available including extremely ruthless and violent actions.</span></p><p><span>The Clifton and Lustick argue that it was the unconditional uncritical support from the United States that helped make Israel a crazy state. </span>Although Clifton and Lustick focus on the United States, a similar argument could be made about several other Western countries, including the United Kingdom.  <span>So Israel has increasingly become &#8220;crazy&#8221; not because its leaders suddenly turned irrational, but because external support shielded Israel from consequences that would normally force rational adaptation.</span></p><p><span>If Clifton and Lustick are correct, then there is a lot the Jewish Diaspora living in USA and other Western nations can do to encourage their governments to help Israel correct its &#8220;crazy&#8221; course.</span></p><h2><span>The Quantity Theory of Morality and the responsibility of Jewish Diaspora</span></h2><p><span>For Jewish communities living in Western nations, the collapse of Israel&#8217;s moral capital on the world stage creates an incredibly fraught environment. The unearned &#8220;good things&#8221; on the Y-axis&#8212;societal comfort, clear delineations between state action and ethnic identity, and general communal security&#8212;are suddenly threatened by the moral deficit incurred by a nation-state thousands of miles away. The diaspora is left to navigate the fallout of a moral bankruptcy they did not authorize.</span></p><p><span>The Quantity Theory of Morality is proposed by a Holocaust survivor in the book.  He is the uncle of the author Will, who himself is a minor character in the group.  The Theory is unforgiving. Just as a central bank cannot print infinite money without triggering hyperinflation, a state cannot continuously operate in a moral deficit without destroying its social capital.</span></p><p><span>I said that each chapter narrates the same sequence of events taking slightly different paths.   It is like a river curving through slightly different bends each year but then in Chapter 5 the river breaks its banks and floods the valley.</span></p><p><span>In Chapter 5, the rest of the society does not care that the Jews in our group had never supported &#8220;</span><em><span>the murderous Sabras</span></em><span>&#8221;, in the words of a Jewish member of the group,  &#8220;</span><em><span>who rule Israel-Palestine and impose their ethno-nationalist ukase on the benighted Gazans and the Palestinian remnant left on the West Bank</span></em><span>&#8221; (Self, Will. The Quantity Theory of Morality, p. 234, Kindle Edition)</span></p><p><span>We understand that the Holocaust survivor who introduced his Quantity Theory of Morality earlier was not surprised by the events happening in Chapter 5:</span></p><p><span>&#8220;</span><em><span>As far as the NT and their Brownshirts are concerned it doesn&#8217;t make a blind bit of difference: we might as well all have spent the last fifty years feverishly rattling the tin alongside AIPAC. Moreover &#8211; as I&#8217;m sure you realize now yourself perfectly well &#8211; that same half-century of Jews racializing their own agon has only made it that much easier for antisemites of every stripe to racialize theirs.</span></em><span>&#8221;(pp. 234-235). Kindle Edition.</span></p><h2><span>Conclusion</span></h2><p><span>Shortly after the Hamas assault into Southern Israel, I wrote:</span></p><p><span>&#8220;</span><em><span>Israelis have every right to demand punishment. Still, Israeli invasion of Gaza will not punish the murderers but will end up hurting more innocents. What is to be done? Would the Israeli government have the foresight to forego a quick response in favour of an international coalition to punish the perpetrators of the violent acts of last week? This would be a slow process and would not be as satisfying as sending bombers but it is the only way to stop the blood feud. Killing more might quench the pain of some of last week&#8217;s victims but it will not stop the violence. Today&#8217;s killers become prey tomorrow and the cycle continues</span></em><span>.&#8221; (</span><a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/despicable-deeds"><span>Despicable Deeds</span></a><span>)</span></p><p><span>I wrote those words on 16 October 2023. Nearly three years later, I wish they had proved wrong. Instead, Will Self&#8217;s novel now reads less like an ingenious literary experiment than like a warning. A state may possess immense military power, diplomatic backing and economic strength, but if it continually spends its moral capital without replenishing it, the eventual reckoning is unavoidable.</span></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p><strong><span data-color="#980000" style="color: rgb(152, 0, 0);">I did not have time to update the following numbers.  I will do it tonight.</span></strong></p><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=33.90TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png" width="1074" height="208" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:208,&quot;width&quot;:1074,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39147,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/211797782?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kiz5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44c558c2-c4a6-493f-bdd4-16d22e875906_1074x208.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS5L!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS5L!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS5L!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS5L!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS5L!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS5L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png" width="788" height="590" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS5L!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS5L!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS5L!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b7129ae-0b6e-4daa-8e05-7b2b9982064c_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JTVh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JTVh!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JTVh!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JTVh!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JTVh!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JTVh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JTVh!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JTVh!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JTVh!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8afffe11-b69e-4d0b-a3e9-11faa67cb6f8_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian national minimum wage increased to A$26.44 per hour on 1 July 2026. This corresponds to approximately A$4,230 per month based on a 160-hour working month. However, the national minimum wage applies to only a small proportion of Australian workers. More important are the modern award wages, which cover around 21% of all employees. The lowest award classifications are closely aligned with the national minimum wage and, in many cases, are slightly higher. As a result, changes to award wages generally have a much greater impact on Australian workers than changes to the national minimum wage itself.</p><p>The 2026 minimum wage in Turkey is 33,000 TRY per month (before tax). In contrast to Australia, where only a small minority of workers receive the statutory minimum wage, the Turkish minimum wage serves as a benchmark for a large share of the labour market. It is therefore both an economic indicator and a major political issue.</p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  Leave comments and share if you want to show an appreciation of my work. You can unsubscribe anytime you want. Your email will not be used for any other purpose.  Substack will not send you third-party advertisements.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2>Statistics</h2><p>The current count is 540 subscribers; 745 followers.</p><p>I thank you all for your support. Please continue your shares and mentions.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Yapay Zeka işkolu sürpriz gelişmelere gebe]]></title><description><![CDATA[Token birim fiyat&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;yor, token kullan&#305;m&#305; art&#305;yor. Bunun sonu ne olacak.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/yapay-zeka-iskolu-surpriz-gelismelere</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/yapay-zeka-iskolu-surpriz-gelismelere</guid><pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 06:46:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. E-posta adresiniz kimse ile payla&#351;&#305;lmayacak</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#304;ngilizce&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school"><span>&#304;ngilizce</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/yapay-zeka-iskolu-surpriz-gelismelere?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/yapay-zeka-iskolu-surpriz-gelismelere?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p><br></p><h2>LLM&#8217;ler Emtiala&#351;&#305;yor mu?</h2><p>OpenAI, Anthropic, Google gibi b&#252;y&#252;k LLM hizmetlerine y&#246;nelik talep h&#305;zla art&#305;yor. Bunun ana nedeni giderek daha fazla insan&#305;n sohbet botlar&#305;yla tan&#305;&#351;mas&#305; de&#287;il. Yeni talebin &#246;nemli bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;, LLM API&#8217;lerine  ba&#351;ka yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305;n, &#231;o&#287;u zaman do&#287;rudan bir insan m&#252;dahalesi olmadan, s&#252;rekli &#231;a&#287;r&#305;lar yapmas&#305;ndan kaynaklan&#305;yor.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em><span data-color="#38761d" style="color: rgb(56, 118, 29);">API harfleri Application Programming &#304;nterface terimine kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k geliyor.  Yani bir program arac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; ile LLM&#8217;e sizi ula&#351;t&#305;ran portal.  &#214;rne&#287;in ben, </span><a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/"><span data-color="#0000ff" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">teachwithllms </span></a><span data-color="#38761d" style="color: rgb(56, 118, 29);">sayfas&#305;nda anlatt&#305;&#287;&#305;m dijital bir ders kitab&#305; geli&#351;tirirken yazd&#305;&#287;&#305;m Python programlar&#305;ndan her hafta </span><a href="https://openai.com/api/"><span data-color="#38761d" style="color: rgb(56, 118, 29);">OpenAI API</span></a><span data-color="#38761d" style="color: rgb(56, 118, 29);">&#8217;sine &#231;ok say&#305;da mesaj g&#246;nderiyorum. Bazen benim yazd&#305;&#287;&#305;m programla API aras&#305;nda gidip gelen uzun diyaloglar oluyor. Bunlar otomatik diyaloglar, ben sadece sonucunu g&#246;r&#252;yorum.  OpenAI toplam kullan&#305;lan token say&#305;s&#305;na g&#246;re &#252;cret al&#305;yor. Model, yani LLM, aram&#305;zdaki ileti&#351;imin metnini i&#351;lerken kulland&#305;&#287;&#305; k&#252;&#231;&#252;k birimlere token deniyor. Bir token bazen bir kelimeye denk geliyor, bazen de kelimenin bir par&#231;as&#305;na. OpenAI kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m token say&#305;s&#305;na g&#246;re fatura &#231;&#305;kart&#305;yor. Benim kullan&#305;m d&#252;zeyimde ayl&#305;k maliyet birka&#231; dolar&#305; ge&#231;miyor.</span></em></p></div><p>Ben tek ki&#351;i olarak fazla kullanm&#305;yorum ama genel olarak bak&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;nda LLM token t&#252;ketimi &#231;ok h&#305;zl&#305; art&#305;yor.</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Token t&#252;ketimi b&#252;y&#252;rken, bunun ba&#351;l&#305;ca nedeni, &#246;nceki sohbet ara&#231;lar&#305;na k&#305;yasla g&#246;rev ba&#351;&#305;na 30 ila 60 kat daha fazla token kullanan yapay zek&#226; ajanlar&#305;. Bir sa&#287;l&#305;k &#351;irketi, muhasebe b&#246;l&#252;m&#252; durumu farkedene kadar alt&#305; ay i&#231;inde bir trilyon token t&#252;ketmi&#351; mesela. Uber ise y&#305;ll&#305;k yapay zek&#226; b&#252;t&#231;esini daha nisan ay&#305;nda bitirmi&#351;. Bunlar istisna de&#287;il; b&#252;y&#252;k bir d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;n ilk i&#351;aretleri.&#8221;<br><em>(Alvarez &amp; Marsal Global)</em></p></blockquote><p>B&#252;y&#252;k &#246;nde gelen AI &#351;irketlerine &#8216;<span data-color="#980000" style="color: rgb(152, 0, 0);">Frontier Labs</span>&#8217; denilmeye ba&#351;land&#305; ne zamand&#305;r.  Token kullan&#305;m&#305;ndaki bu art&#305;&#351;, bu &#351;irketlerin i&#351; modellerinin ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;n&#305; bundan sonra onlar&#305;n daha da zenginle&#351;ece&#287;ini mi g&#246;steriyor?  &#214;yle d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yorsan&#305;z, gidip hisse senetlerini sat&#305;n almak gerekir bu zenginlikten bize de pay d&#252;&#351;s&#252;n diye.  </p><p>Bence hay&#305;r.  Vaziyet &#246;yle de&#287;il.</p><p>&#220;stelik tam aksine,<strong> token patlamas&#305; AI end&#252;strisinde ba&#351;lang&#305;c&#305;n sonuna i&#351;aret ediyor benc</strong>e: k&#305;t ve &#351;irketlere &#246;zg&#252; yapay zek&#226;dan, emtiala&#351;m&#305;&#351; LLM &#231;&#305;kar&#305;m&#305;na (inference) ge&#231;iyoruz.  Bu &#246;nemli bir d&#246;neme&#231;.  <strong>Emtia marketlerinde premium kar oranlar&#305; d&#252;&#351;er, &#351;irketler birbirine benzer mallar&#305; daha ucuza satmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;arak para kazan&#305;rlar.  Bence AI i&#351; kolu da bu d&#246;neme giriyor.</strong></p><p>Bu ihtimali <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/degisik-meslekler-yapay-zekadan-nasl"><span data-color="#0000ff" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Haziran 2025&#8217;te</span></a> &#351;&#246;yle dile getirmi&#351;tim:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;<em>Baz&#305;lar&#305; Yapay Genel Zek&#226;&#8217;ya (AGI) &#231;ok yakla&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z&#305; iddia ediyor. Ben kat&#305;lm&#305;yorum. Bence AGI&#8217;ye ula&#351;mam&#305;za en az k&#305;rk y&#305;l var&#8230; Yapay zek&#226; &#351;irketleri, AGI&#8217;nin &#231;ok yak&#305;n oldu&#287;u fikrini k&#305;smen yat&#305;r&#305;mc&#305; ilgisini &#252;zerlerinde tutabilmek i&#231;in &#246;ne &#231;&#305;kar&#305;yorlar. D&#252;nyay&#305; de&#287;i&#351;tirecek AGI&#8217;ye ula&#351;malar&#305; i&#231;in onlar&#305; beklememizi ve desteklememizi istiyorlar. Ama bu stratejinin uzun s&#252;re i&#351;e yarayaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; sanm&#305;yorum.</em>&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>ChatGPT ve onu izleyen modeller ilk ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;klar&#305;nda, ba&#351;ta hepimiz hayretler i&#231;indeydik.  LLM becerilerinin ger&#231;ekten o ana kadar g&#246;rmedi&#287;imiz mertebede ola&#287;an&#252;st&#252; oldu&#287;unu hissediyorduk. Yine de, ilk &#351;a&#351;k&#305;nl&#305;k g&#252;nleri ge&#231;tikten sonra, &#351;u soruyu da sorduk:</p><p><strong>Bunlarla tam olarak ne yapaca&#287;&#305;z? </strong></p><p>O zamanlar, modellerin &#231;ok k&#305;sa s&#252;rede b&#252;y&#252;k s&#305;&#231;ramalar yapaca&#287;&#305; beklentisi vard&#305;.  Ben &#246;yle d&#252;&#351;&#252;nmedi&#287;imi yazm&#305;&#351;t&#305;m ama benim gibi d&#252;&#351;&#252;nenler az&#305;nl&#305;ktayd&#305;.  LLM&#8217;lerin h&#305;zla geli&#351;ip bamba&#351;ka hallere gelece&#287;i beklentisi, ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z yaz&#305;l&#305;m yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305;n&#305; engelledi. Geli&#351;tirilecek karma&#351;&#305;k uygulamalar daha piyasaya &#231;&#305;kmadan demode olabilirdi &#231;&#252;nk&#252;. Yak&#305;nda otonom s&#252;per AGI geliyorsa, neden u&#287;ra&#351;al&#305;m yeni programlar yazmaya dedi &#231;o&#287;u &#351;irket.</p><p>Peki son d&#246;nemde durum neden de&#287;i&#351;ti?</p><p>Benim yorumuma g&#246;re yapay zekan&#305;n m&#252;&#351;terisi olacak b&#252;y&#252;k &#351;irketler art&#305;k b&#252;t&#252;n yumurtalar&#305;n&#305; AGI&#8217;nin &#231;ok yak&#305;nda gelece&#287;i sepetine koymak istemiyor. Modeller elbette geli&#351;meye devam edecek. Ama, her problemi g&#252;venilir bi&#231;imde anlayacak, gerekli bilgiyi farkl&#305; yerlerden kendisi toplayacak ve &#231;&#246;z&#252;mleri kendi ba&#351;&#305;na &#252;retecek bir s&#252;per zek&#226;n&#305;n &#231;ok yak&#305;nda ortaya &#231;&#305;kaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; varsayarak hareket etmek istemiyor art&#305;k kimse.  Asl&#305;nda b&#246;yle bir &#351;eyin yak&#305;n zamanda ger&#231;ekle&#351;ece&#287;ine art&#305;k inan&#305;lm&#305;yor.</p><p>E&#287;er s&#252;per ak&#305;ll&#305; yeni LLM&#8217;ler yak&#305;n zamanda gelmeyecekse, mevcut modelleri ger&#231;ekten faydal&#305; k&#305;lacak ara&#231;lar&#305; geli&#351;tirmek son derece rasyonel bir davran&#305;&#351; oluyor.</p><p>Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla benim yorumuma g&#246;re son d&#246;nemde ya&#351;anan <strong>tokenmaxxing</strong>, yapay zek&#226; &#351;irketlerinin de&#287;il, di&#287;er genel sanayiinin bug&#252;nk&#252; modelleri i&#351;e yarar h&#226;le getirme &#231;abas&#305;n&#305;n sonucu. Yakla&#351;an bir zek&#226; patlamas&#305;na haz&#305;rl&#305;k de&#287;il; kademeli ilerleme beklentisine uyum sa&#287;lama s&#252;reci.</p><p>Daha &#246;nce Yapay Zeka yat&#305;r&#305;m&#305; yapmay&#305;p s&#252;per zekay&#305; bekleyen bir s&#252;r&#252; &#351;irket s&#252;per zekan&#305;n art&#305;k bug&#252;nden yar&#305;na gelmeyece&#287;ini anlay&#305;nca, mevcut LLM lere raz&#305; olup onlar&#305; rakiplerimden &#246;nce nas&#305;l kullan&#305;r&#305;m tela&#351;&#305;na girdi.  Ama daha bunu nas&#305;l yapacaklar&#305;n&#305; bilmiyorlar.  Bu y&#252;zden bug&#252;n g&#246;rd&#252;&#287;&#252;m&#252;z ola&#287;an&#252;st&#252; token t&#252;ketimi b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de <strong>cehaletin maliyeti</strong>.</p><p>LLM&#8217;leri en verimli &#351;ekilde nas&#305;l kullanaca&#287;&#305;m&#305;z&#305; hen&#252;z tam olarak bilmiyoruz. Bu y&#252;zden de bir&#231;ok verimsiz uygulama yap&#305;yoruz. Yaz&#305;l&#305;m ajanlar&#305;na gere&#287;inden b&#252;y&#252;k ba&#287;lamlar okutuluyor; ayn&#305; i&#351;lemler l&#252;zumsuz tekrar ediliyor; basit g&#246;revler i&#231;in pahal&#305; modeller kullan&#305;l&#305;yor. B&#252;t&#252;n bunlar, hangi i&#351; ak&#305;&#351;lar&#305;n&#305;n ger&#231;ekten ne de&#287;er &#252;retti&#287;ini ve bunlar&#305;n en verimli nas&#305;l uygulanaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; hen&#252;z &#246;&#287;renme a&#351;amas&#305;nda olmam&#305;zdan kaynaklan&#305;yor.</p><p>Bu nedenle tokenmaxxing&#8217;in bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252; asl&#305;nda <strong>ke&#351;if b&#252;t&#231;esidir</strong>.</p><p><span data-color="#980000" style="color: rgb(152, 0, 0);">Ke&#351;if b&#252;t&#231;eleri sonsuza kadar s&#252;rmez</span>.</p><p>&#304;&#351; ak&#305;&#351;lar&#305; olgunla&#351;t&#305;k&#231;a &#351;irketler baz&#305; model &#231;a&#287;r&#305;lar&#305;n&#305; geleneksel yaz&#305;l&#305;mlarla de&#287;i&#351;tirebilir, tekrar eden bilgileri &#246;nbelle&#287;e alabilir, basit g&#246;revleri k&#252;&#231;&#252;k modellere y&#246;nlendirebilir ve pahal&#305; frontier modelleri yaln&#305;zca ger&#231;ekten zor problemler i&#231;in kullanabilir.</p><p>Moonshot&#8217;&#305;n <strong>Kimi</strong>, Alibaba&#8217;n&#305;n <strong>Qwen</strong> ve Z.ai&#8217;nin <strong>GLM</strong> gibi a&#231;&#305;k a&#287;&#305;rl&#305;kl&#305; (open weighting) modeller geli&#351;irken, biz de ne yapmak istedi&#287;imizi ve bunu nas&#305;l yapabilece&#287;imizi daha iyi idrak etmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z zaman, mevcut token kullan&#305;m&#305; tedrici ama geri d&#246;n&#252;lmez bir &#351;ekilde kapal&#305; ticari API&#8217;lerden uzakla&#351;&#305;p her &#351;irketin kendi kontrol&#252; alt&#305;nda &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;raca&#287;&#305; a&#231;&#305;k modellere y&#246;nelebilir.</p><p>Bu &#351;u demek.  Bug&#252;n frontier laboratuvarlar&#305; (mesela OpenAI, Anthropic) muazzam piyasa de&#287;erlerine ula&#351;t&#305; ve bu de&#287;erleri g&#246;stererek dev altyap&#305; yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305;na kalk&#305;&#351;&#305;yorlar.  Bu yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305; desteklemek i&#231;in sunduklar&#305; kald&#305;ra&#231;, onlar&#305;n bug&#252;nk&#252; <strong>y&#252;ksek marjl&#305; premium token gelirleri.  </strong>Benim yukar&#305;daki tahlilim do&#287;ru ise, bu durum ge&#231;ici olabilir .</p><p>Biraz tekrak gibi olacak ama daha iyi anla&#351;&#305;lmak i&#231;in bir ba&#351;ka &#351;ekilde ifade etmeye &#231;al&#305;&#351;ay&#305;m.  Benim temel arg&#252;man&#305;m &#351;u:</p><p><strong>LLM tokenlar&#305; zamanla emtiala&#351;acak ve LLM &#351;irketleri esas olarak fiyat &#252;zerinden rekabet etmek zorunda kalacaklar.</strong></p><p>Hen&#252;z o noktada de&#287;iliz. Ama o y&#246;n de ilerledi&#287;imiz &#231;ok a&#231;&#305;k.</p><p>OpenAI API bir milyon token maliyeti Kas&#305;m 2022&#8217;den Ekim 2024&#8217;e, yani hemen hemen iki y&#305;lda,  20 dolardan 0,07 dolara d&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351; (<a href="https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index">Stanford AI Index</a>). Ba&#351;ka bir ifadeyle, makine zek&#226;s&#305; geli&#351;tik&#231;e birim sat&#305;&#351; fiyat&#305; h&#305;zla d&#252;&#351;&#252;yor.  Yapay Zeka emtiala&#351;&#305;yor.</p><p>Elbette bug&#252;n farkl&#305; modellerin tokenleri ayn&#305; de&#287;il.</p><p>Bir Claude tokeni, bir GPT tokeni ya da bir Kimi tokeni ayn&#305; miktarda lisan i&#351;lemez; ayn&#305; kalitede sonu&#231; da &#252;retmeyebilir.</p><p>Ama bu onlar&#305;n emtia olamayaca&#287;&#305; anlam&#305;na gelmez.   Emtialar&#305;n da kalite s&#305;n&#305;flar&#305; vard&#305;r.  Mesela yayg&#305;n iki emtiyay&#305; &#246;rnek alal&#305;m: demir cevheri ve elektrik.</p><p>Y&#252;ksek ten&#246;rl&#252; demir cevheri daha pahal&#305;d&#305;r. Elektrik arz&#305;n&#305;n k&#305;t oldu&#287;u anda g&#252;venilir enerji, kesintili enerjiden daha de&#287;erlidir.</p><p>Ama emtia kalite primi kal&#305;c&#305; olmak zorunda de&#287;ildir.</p><p>Bir ihtimal olarak, bug&#252;n&#252;n &#246;nc&#252; AI &#351;irketleri zamanla, patent s&#252;releri s&#252;rekli dolan ila&#231; firmalar&#305;na benzemeye ba&#351;layabilir. Devaml&#305; yeni kabiliyetler &#252;retmek zorunda kalacaklar; &#231;&#252;nk&#252; her model neslinin ekonomik rant&#305; h&#305;zla a&#351;&#305;nacakt&#305;r.</p><p>&#214;te yandan LLM&#8217;leri kullanan uygulama yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; geli&#351;tik&#231;e, alttaki modelden istenen genel muhakeme beklentisi de azalabilir. Daha iyi &#8220;scaffolding&#8221; katmanlar&#305; ku&#305;llanarak, farkl&#305; LLM&#8217;ler giderek birbirinin yerini alabilir h&#226;le getirilebilirler.</p><p>Emtia piyasalar&#305;n&#305;n &#246;nemli bir &#246;zelli&#287;i de d&#246;ng&#252;sel olmalar&#305;d&#305;r.</p><ul><li><p>Fiyatlar ve talep y&#252;kselir.</p></li><li><p>&#220;reticiler bu b&#252;y&#252;menin gelecekte de s&#252;rece&#287;ini san&#305;r.</p></li><li><p>Sermaye yeni kapasiteye akar.</p></li><li><p>Talep daha artmadan, yeni arz devreye girer.</p></li><li><p>Fiyatlar &#231;&#246;ker.</p></li><li><p>Y&#252;ksek maliyetli &#252;reticiler piyasadan &#231;ekilir.</p></li></ul><p>LLM altyap&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n da benzer bir d&#246;ng&#252; izlemesi m&#252;mk&#252;nd&#252;r.</p><p>Bug&#252;nk&#252; token patlamas&#305;, laboratuvarlar&#305;, &#231;ip &#252;reticilerini, elektrik &#351;irketlerini ve veri merkezi i&#351;letmecilerini devasa yat&#305;r&#305;mlar yapmaya te&#351;vik ediyor.</p><p>Fakat bu yat&#305;r&#305;mlar bug&#252;nk&#252; token fiyatlar&#305; ve gelecekteki t&#252;ketim varsay&#305;mlar&#305; &#252;zerine kuruluyor.</p><p>E&#287;er bu varsay&#305;mlar ger&#231;ekle&#351;mezse, bug&#252;nk&#252; patlama yar&#305;n&#305;n &#231;&#246;k&#252;&#351;&#252;ne d&#246;n&#252;&#351;ebilir.</p><p>&#199;&#305;kar&#305;m verimlili&#287;i h&#305;zla artarken a&#231;&#305;k modeller de arz&#305; b&#252;y&#252;t&#252;rse sekt&#246;r ayn&#305; anda iki olguyu ya&#351;ayabilir:</p><ul><li><p>&#199;ok daha fazla token t&#252;ketilmesi,</p></li><li><p>Buna ra&#287;men token ba&#351;&#305;na gelir ve k&#226;r&#305;n h&#305;zla d&#252;&#351;mesi.</p></li></ul><p>Bu tam anlam&#305;yla klasik bir emtia krizidir.</p><p>Talep artmaya devam eder ama arz ve verimlilik ondan daha h&#305;zl&#305; b&#252;y&#252;r.</p><h2>Sonu&#231;</h2><p>LLM&#8217;lerin emtiala&#351;mas&#305;, yapay zek&#226;n&#305;n ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;z oldu&#287;u anlam&#305;na gelmez.</p><p>Ucuz makine zek&#226;s&#305; yine de ekonomiyi k&#246;kten d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rebilir ki benim beklentim o y&#246;nde.</p><p>Fakat token &#252;reten &#351;irketler, elektrifikasyonun yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305; t&#252;m zenginli&#287;i elektrik &#252;reticilerinin elde edememesi gibi, yarat&#305;lan de&#287;erin yaln&#305;zca k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252; yakalayabilirler.</p><p>Burada kritik ayr&#305;m, <strong>yapay zek&#226;n&#305;n gelece&#287;i ile bug&#252;nk&#252; yapay zek&#226; &#351;irketlerinin gelece&#287;i</strong> aras&#305;nda.</p><p>Benim &#246;ng&#246;r&#252;m&#252;, Yapay Zek&#226; her yere yay&#305;l&#305;p ekonomiyi d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;rken, token &#252;retiminin d&#252;&#351;&#252;k marjl&#305; ve y&#252;ksek sermaye gerektiren s&#305;radan bir sekt&#246;r h&#226;line gelmesi.  Elektrik sekt&#246;r&#252; gibi.</p><p>B&#246;yle bir gelecekte, yarat&#305;lan de&#287;erin &#246;nemli b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252;n uygulamalar&#305; geli&#351;tiren, m&#252;&#351;teri ili&#351;kilerini y&#246;neten, &#246;zg&#252;n veri tabanlar&#305;n&#305; koruyup i&#351; s&#252;re&#231;lerini kontrol eden &#351;irketlere kayaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yorum.</p><h2>Sonu&#231;tan do&#287;acak sonu&#231;</h2><p><strong><span data-color="#980000" style="color: rgb(152, 0, 0);">B&#252;t&#252;n bunlar daha geni&#351; ekonomi a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan ne anlama gelir?</span></strong></p><p>ABD borsas&#305;nda bug&#252;n &#351;ahit olunan co&#351;kunun &#246;nemli bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252;n, Yapay S&#252;per Zek&#226;&#8217;n&#305;n yarataca&#287;&#305; verimlilik art&#305;&#351;lar&#305;n&#305;n bug&#252;n&#252;n b&#252;y&#252;k ekonomik sorunlar&#305;n&#305; b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de &#246;nemsiz h&#226;le getirece&#287;i inanc&#305;ndan kaynakland&#305;&#287;&#305; s&#246;yleniyor.  B&#252;y&#252;k bir ihtimalle de bu tahlil do&#287;ru &#231;&#252;nk&#252;, hele bu g&#252;nk&#252; &#351;artlarda, piyasan&#305;n b&#305;rak y&#252;kselmeyi neden &#231;&#246;kmedi&#287;ini ba&#351;ka t&#252;rl&#252; izah etmek m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il</p><p>Ama, e&#287;er beklenti balonu patlar ve piyasalar LLM &#231;&#305;kar&#305;m&#305;n&#305; art&#305;k k&#305;t ve benzersiz bir zek&#226; bi&#231;imi olarak de&#287;il de s&#305;radan bir emtia olarak fiyatlamaya ba&#351;larlarsa, bunun sonu&#231;lar&#305; yaln&#305;zca OpenAI ve Anthropic ile s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; kalmaz.</p><p>&#304;lk etki, yapay zek&#226; yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305;n&#305; finanse eden b&#252;y&#252;k teknoloji &#351;irketlerinin hisse fiyatlar&#305;nda g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;r.</p><p>Microsoft, Alphabet, Apple, Amazon ve Nvidia, Dow Jones Endeksi&#8217;nin yakla&#351;&#305;k %18&#8217;ini olu&#351;turuyor. Ancak Dow fiyat a&#287;&#305;rl&#305;kl&#305; oldu&#287;u i&#231;in bu %18 rakam&#305; &#246;nem d&#252;zeyini oldu&#287;undan d&#252;&#351;&#252;k g&#246;steriyor. Piyasa de&#287;eri a&#287;&#305;rl&#305;kl&#305; S&amp;P 500 endeksinin yakla&#351;&#305;k &#252;&#231;te birini olu&#351;turuyor &#8220;Muhte&#351;em Yedili&#8221; dedi&#287;imiz geli&#351;kin teknoloji &#351;irketleri.</p><p>Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla yapay zek&#226; beklentilerinin a&#351;a&#287;&#305; y&#246;nl&#252; yeniden de&#287;erlendirilmesi, reel ekonomi makul &#246;l&#231;&#252;de g&#252;&#231;l&#252; kalsa bile ciddi bir borsa bozgununa yol a&#231;abilir.</p><p>OpenAI ve Anthropic halka a&#231;&#305;k &#351;irketler de&#287;iller. Ancak onlar hakk&#305;nda yap&#305;lan finansal varsay&#305;mlar; Microsoft, Amazon, Nvidia, Alphabet ile &#231;ok say&#305;da semikond&#252;kt&#246;r, veri merkezi, enerji ve in&#351;aat &#351;irketinin de&#287;erlemelerine &#231;oktan yans&#305;y&#305;p onlar&#305; da y&#252;kseltmi&#351; durumda.</p><p>ABD Merkez Bankas&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n tahminlerine g&#246;re Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft ve Meta&#8217;n&#305;n 2025 y&#305;l&#305;ndaki yapay zek&#226; ba&#287;lant&#305;l&#305; sermaye harcamalar&#305; 412 milyar dolara ula&#351;t&#305;. Bu rakam ABD GSYH&#8217;sinin yakla&#351;&#305;k %1,3&#8217;&#252;ne kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k geliyor.</p><p>St. Louis Fed ise yapay zek&#226; yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305;n&#305;n 2025&#8217;in ilk &#252;&#231; &#231;eyre&#287;inde ABD&#8217;nin reel b&#252;y&#252;mesine yakla&#351;&#305;k bir puan katk&#305; yapt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; hesapl&#305;yor.</p><p><em>Multiplier </em>(&#231;arpan)<em> </em>etkileri de dikkate al&#305;nd&#305;&#287;&#305;nda makroekonomik sonu&#231;lar bu rakamlar&#305;n g&#246;sterdi&#287;inden daha b&#252;y&#252;k olabilir.</p><p>E&#287;er ola&#287;an&#252;st&#252; gelecek getirilerine ili&#351;kin beklentiler tahmin etti&#287;im gibi a&#351;a&#287;&#305; &#231;ekilirse, &#351;irketler veri merkezi projelerini erteleyebilir ya da iptal edebilir, &#231;ip sipari&#351;lerini azaltabilir ve elektrik &#252;retimi ile &#351;ebeke yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305;n&#305; yava&#351;latabilir.</p><p>Daha &#246;nce b&#252;y&#252;meyi destekleyen yat&#305;r&#305;mlar bu kez b&#252;y&#252;meyi a&#351;a&#287;&#305; &#231;eken bir unsur h&#226;line gelir.</p><p>Hisse senedi fiyatlar&#305;ndaki d&#252;&#351;&#252;&#351; de hane halk&#305; servetini, i&#351; d&#252;nyas&#305;n&#305;n g&#252;venini ve giri&#351;im sermayesi yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305;n&#305; olumsuz etkileyebilir.</p><p>Burada &#246;zellikle alt&#305;n&#305; &#231;izmek isterim:</p><p>Bu senaryo, yapay zek&#226;n&#305;n ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;z oldu&#287;u anlam&#305;na gelmiyor.  Sadece ba&#351;ar&#305;n&#305;n ekme&#287;ini kimin yiyece&#287;i hakk&#305;nda de&#287;i&#351;ik bir senaryo anlam&#305;na geliyor.</p><ol start="19"><li><p>y&#252;zy&#305;ldaki demiryolu balonlar&#305;n&#305;n patlamas&#305; demiryollar&#305;n&#305; gereksiz k&#305;lmad&#305;.</p></li></ol><p>Dot-com balonundan sonra telekom hisselerinin &#231;&#246;kmesi de internetin d&#252;nyay&#305; de&#287;i&#351;tirmesini engellemedi.</p><p>Her iki durumda da a&#351;&#305;r&#305; yat&#305;r&#305;m, ba&#351;&#305; &#231;eken ilk yat&#305;r&#305;mc&#305;lar&#305;n sermayesini yok etmi&#351; olabilir; ama geride ekonomiye b&#252;y&#252;k fayda sa&#287;layan altyap&#305;lar b&#305;rakt&#305;.</p><p>Yapay zek&#226;da da ayn&#305; &#351;ey ya&#351;anabilir.</p><p>&#199;&#305;kar&#305;m maliyetlerinin h&#305;zla d&#252;&#351;mesi, y&#252;kselen talep ve y&#252;ksek token fiyatlar&#305; &#252;zerine kurulu de&#287;erlemelere sahip &#351;irketleri zor durumda b&#305;rakabilir.</p><p>Buna kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k daha ucuz zek&#226; sat&#305;n alabilen &#351;irketler bundan b&#252;y&#252;k fayda sa&#287;layacakt&#305;r.</p><p>B&#246;ylece ortaya ilk bak&#305;&#351;ta &#231;eli&#351;kili g&#246;r&#252;nen iki geli&#351;me ayn&#305; anda &#231;&#305;kabilir:</p><p>Bir yanda makine zek&#226;s&#305;n&#305; &#252;reten &#351;irketlerde finansal bir &#231;&#246;k&#252;&#351;&#8230;</p><p>Di&#287;er yanda ise yapay zek&#226;n&#305;n ekonominin geri kalan&#305;nda &#231;ok daha h&#305;zl&#305; benimsenmesi.</p><p>Belki de yapay zek&#226; devrimi, onun yolunu a&#231;anlar&#305; yiyerek b&#252;y&#252;yecek.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2868481,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/209352110?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Okuduklar&#305;m</h2><ul><li><p>Adrian Tchaikovsky, Children of Strife &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Andrew Weir, Project Hail Mary &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Robert Goddard, Play to the End &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Cecile Pin, Wandering Souls &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Will Self, The Quantity Theory of Morality &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Anthony Horowitz, The Word is Murder &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Anthony Horowitz, The Sentence is Death &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Shaung-Zi Yang, Taiwan Travelogue &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li></ul><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>21 Haziran k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=33,40 TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png" width="1088" height="202" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:202,&quot;width&quot;:1088,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39583,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/209868720?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8g8h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff05e902b-0599-42c7-963b-5957e5fa80f1_1088x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAjP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7087b48a-373d-464a-b7f5-a230a95eb32e_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAjP!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7087b48a-373d-464a-b7f5-a230a95eb32e_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAjP!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7087b48a-373d-464a-b7f5-a230a95eb32e_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAjP!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7087b48a-373d-464a-b7f5-a230a95eb32e_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAjP!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7087b48a-373d-464a-b7f5-a230a95eb32e_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAjP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7087b48a-373d-464a-b7f5-a230a95eb32e_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03e42b2b-280f-4997-ba6e-f50cc04bd665_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zt7u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03e42b2b-280f-4997-ba6e-f50cc04bd665_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zt7u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03e42b2b-280f-4997-ba6e-f50cc04bd665_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03e42b2b-280f-4997-ba6e-f50cc04bd665_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  Kurdaki de&#287;er kayb&#305;n&#305;n her zaman enflasyon oran&#305;n&#305;n biraz &#252;zerinde seyretmesi beklenir. Bu grafi&#287;i s&#252;rd&#252;rmenin tek yolu &#252;lkeye d&#252;zenli d&#246;viz giri&#351;i olmas&#305;d&#305;r; ancak hesaplarda b&#246;yle bir girdi g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.  Kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k bir mesele.</p><h3>Maa&#351;lar</h3><p>1 Temmuz 2026 itibar&#305;yla Avustralya&#8217;da ulusal asgari &#252;cret saat ba&#351;&#305;na 26,44 Avustralya dolar&#305;na y&#252;kseltildi. Bu rakam, ayda 160 saat &#231;al&#305;&#351;an bir ki&#351;i i&#231;in yakla&#351;&#305;k 4.230 Avustralya dolarl&#305;k ayl&#305;k gelire kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k geliyor.</p><p>Ancak ulusal asgari &#252;cret, Avustralyal&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yaln&#305;zca k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252; do&#287;rudan ilgilendiriyor. As&#305;l &#246;nemli olan, &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %21&#8217;ini kapsayan <strong>modern award</strong> &#252;cret sistemleri. Bu sistemlerdeki en d&#252;&#351;&#252;k &#252;cret kademeleri ulusal asgari &#252;cretin biraz &#252;st&#252;nde oluyor.</p><p>Buna k&#305;yasla, T&#252;rkiye'deki asgari &#252;cret ayda 26.000 TRY. Mevcut d&#246;viz kuruna g&#246;re bu, ayda 1018A$'a denk geliyor.</p><p>Kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m veri taban&#305; ve yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">github&#8217;dan</a> indirebilirsiniz isterseniz.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/kac-yasnda-oleceksiniz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNDg1MDEzLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNDc4MTEyMTgsImlhdCI6MTcyNTQ0NzE2NSwiZXhwIjoxNzI4MDM5MTY1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItODE2NDAzIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.gflOC_lXLtSydu2NC1z9webyHNGGRO7rOIQkTHFBQWc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;cretsizdir. Rahat rahat payla&#351;&#305;n daha fazla okunsun.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/yapay-zeka-iskolu-surpriz-gelismelere?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/yapay-zeka-iskolu-surpriz-gelismelere?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Sayfan&#305;n sonuna geldiniz. Abone olun ki gelecek sayfalar otomatikman e-posta adresinize gelsin. Abonelik &#252;cretsiz. Manevi destek olal&#305;m derseniz yorum yap&#305;n ve sayfam&#305; payla&#351;&#305;n. Abone olmaktan korkmay&#305;n, her zaman tek d&#252;&#287;meye t&#305;klay&#305;p &#231;&#305;kabilirsiniz.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>&#304;statistik</strong></h2><p>Abone say&#305;s&#305; : 533</p><p>Takip&#231;i say&#305;s&#305; : 732</p><p>Telif hakk&#305; yoktur. &#304;stedi&#287;iniz gibi kopyalay&#305;n da&#287;&#305;t&#305;n par&#231;alay&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Paradox of the Token Boom]]></title><description><![CDATA[If machine intelligence becomes cheap and interchangeable, today&#8217;s boom could undermine the pricing power of the companies at its centre. This may have huge consequences for the entire economy.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/the-paradox-of-the-token-boom</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/the-paradox-of-the-token-boom</guid><pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 07:39:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/the-paradox-of-the-token-boom?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/the-paradox-of-the-token-boom?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>Demand for services from major LLM vendors like OpenAI, Anthropic and Google is rapidly increasing. This is not simply the result of more people talking to chatbots. A large part of the new demand comes from other software making repeated calls to LLM APIs, often without direct human involvement.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>For example, in my <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">teachwithllms work</a>, every week I initiate a number of calls to the OpenAI API while developing a digital textbook program.  This typically involves a back-and-forth conversation between my software and the API. OpenAI charges me for the tokens processed and generated. Tokens are small units into which the model divides text&#8212;sometimes a word, sometimes part of one. Token counts are the principal unit through which API consumption is measured and billed. At the rate I am using the API, my costs do not exceed a couple of dollars a month.</p></div><p>LLM token consumption in general, however,  has been increasing steeply.</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Token consumption is growing at roughly 75% per year, driven by AI agents that consume 30 to 60 times more tokens per task than the chat tools that preceded them. One healthcare enterprise consumed one trillion tokens over six months before its finance team understood what was driving the charges. Uber exhausted its full-year AI budget by April. These are not edge cases. They are the leading signs of a major shift.&#8221; (<a href="https://alvarezandmarsal-crg.com/insight/the-end-of-the-ai-flat-rate-era/">Alvarez and Marsal Global</a>)</p></blockquote><p>Does this vindicate  the business model of the major AI laboratories? I do not think so. The token surge may instead mark the end of the beginning: the transition from scarce, proprietary intelligence to commoditized LLM inference.</p><p> I anticipated this possibility in <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/how-is-ai-changing-work">June 2025, when I wrote</a>:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Some &#8230; claim that we are close to achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). I disagree. I believe we are at least forty years away&#8230;AI companies promote the idea that AGI is imminent partly to maintain the investment focus on themselves. &#8230; they want us to wait and support them to get to the AGI, which will change the world. But I don&#8217;t believe this strategy will work for long.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>When ChatGPT was introduced and others soon followed, we all sensed that the LLMs were wonderful.  But what could we do with them?</p><p>The expectation of rapid capability gains discouraged third-party investment. Elaborate software might become obsolete before they hit the market. Why bother with your own tools if a largely autonomous AGI was about to arrive?</p><p>What explains the recent change in behaviour?</p><p>My interpretation is that large companies are getting less willing to put all their bets on an imminent leap to AGI. Models will continue to improve,  but businesses cannot assume that a superintelligence will soon arrive that can reliably understand their problems, gather the necessary information and produce solutions autonomously across every domain.</p><p>If the limitations of current models are likely to persist, it is rational to build the tools needed to make them useful.</p><p>So, in this interpretation of mine, the recent tokenmaxxing is a result of the effort by the non-AI companies to make present-day models useful. It is not a preparation for an imminent intelligence explosion but more like an accommodation to a projection of gradual improvement.</p><p>Moreover, much of today&#8217;s extraordinary token consumption is the cost of ignorance. We do not know exactly how to use the LLMs yet.  Therefore, we do silly things.  We let agents read enormous contexts; we repeat actions; we call expensive models for routine tasks.  All this happens because we do not yet know which workflows create value or how to implement them efficiently.</p><p>Tokenmaxxing is therefore partly an exploration budget.</p><p>Exploration budgets do not last forever. Once workflows stabilize, companies can replace some model calls with conventional software, cache repeated information, route simple tasks to small models and reserve expensive frontier intelligence for exceptional cases. As open-weight systems such as Moonshot&#8217;s Kimi, Alibaba&#8217;s Qwen and Z.ai&#8217;s GLM improve, some recurring workloads can move away from proprietary APIs altogether.</p><p>This does not necessarily mean that worldwide token consumption will decline. Cheaper inference may cause companies to automate many more tasks. But it could mean that <strong>the premium-token revenues currently supporting the valuations and infrastructure plans of frontier laboratories are temporary</strong>.</p><p>My argument in a nutshell is that <strong>the LLM tokens will become commodities and the LLM companies will be competing on price. </strong> </p><p>We are not there yet but the direction of travel is unmistakable. According to Stanford&#8217;s AI Index, the price of inference per million tokens at approximately GPT-3.5 capability fell from $20 in November 2022 to $0.07 by October 2024, a decline of more than 99%. The sale price of a given level of machine intelligence is collapsing.</p><p>Tokens from different models are not yet homogeneous. A Claude token, a GPT token and a Kimi token do not necessarily represent the same amount of language or produce work of equal quality. </p><p>Commodities can still have quality grades. High-grade iron ore commands a premium; firm electricity available during a shortage commands more than intermittent power.  But the premium may be temporary.</p><p>The frontier laboratories may come to resemble pharmaceutical companies with expiring patents: they must keep producing new capabilities because the economic rent from each generation decays rapidly.</p><p>At the same time, as the application software calling LLMs becomes more capable, they may require less general inferential power from the underlying model. Better scaffolding could make different LLMs increasingly interchangeable.</p><p>Another characteristic of commodity markets is that they are cyclic. </p><ol><li><p>Prices and demand rise.</p></li><li><p>Producers extrapolate the growth.</p></li><li><p>Capital floods into new capacity.</p></li><li><p>Supply arrives with a delay.</p></li><li><p>Prices collapse.</p></li><li><p>High-cost producers fail or consolidate.</p></li></ol><p>LLM infrastructure could follow the same pattern. The present token boom encourages laboratories, chipmakers, utilities and data-centre companies to build enormous capacity. But that capacity is being justified using current token prices and assumptions about future consumption.</p><p>If these assumptions fail the boom may turn into a bust.  If inference efficiency rises rapidly while open models increase supply, the industry could experience both:</p><ul><li><p>vastly more tokens being consumed; and</p></li><li><p>sharply lower revenue and profit per token.</p></li></ul><p>That would be a classic commodity bust: demand continues growing, but supply and productivity grow faster.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>Commoditization would not mean that AI has failed. Cheap machine intelligence could still transform the economy. But the token generating companies might capture only a small fraction of the value created, just as kilowatt-hour generating companies did not capture all the wealth created by electrification.</p><p>The important distinction is between the future of AI and the future of today&#8217;s AI vendors. AI could become ubiquitous and economically transformative while token generation becomes a low-margin, capital-intensive business. In fact, I anticipate much of the value to migrate to companies controlling applications, customer relationships, proprietary data and business workflows.</p><h2>Corollary: Implications for the wider economy?</h2><p>Part of the exuberance in the US stockmarket is caused by the belief that the productivity improvements from Artificial Super Intelligence will make most of today&#8217;s problems (which are formidable) irrelevant.</p><p>If the markets begin to value LLM inference as a commodity rather than a scarce form of proprietary intelligence, the consequences will be huge and well beyond OpenAI and Anthropic.</p><p>The immediate effect would be felt in the share prices of the large public technology companies financing the AI buildout. Microsoft, Alphabet, Apple, Amazon and Nvidia account for approximately 18% of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The Dow, however, understates their importance because it is weighted by share price rather than company value. The Magnificent Seven account for roughly one-third of the market-capitalization-weighted S&amp;P 500.</p><p>A downward reassessment of AI expectations could therefore produce a significant stock-market correction even if the underlying economy remained reasonably healthy. OpenAI and Anthropic are private companies, but the financial assumptions surrounding them are embedded in the valuations and investment plans of Microsoft, Amazon, Nvidia, Alphabet and numerous semiconductor, data-centre, power and construction companies.</p><p> The Federal Reserve estimates that capital spending by four major AI-related companies&#8212;Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft and Meta&#8212;reached $412 billion in 2025, equivalent to approximately 1.3% of US GDP. The St Louis Federal Reserve estimates that AI-related investment contributed almost one percentage point to real US economic growth during the first three quarters of 2025. (<a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/monitoring-ai-adoption-in-the-u-s-economy-accessible-20260403.htm">Federal Reserve</a>, <a href="https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2026/jan/tracking-ai-contribution-gdp-growth">St Louis Fed</a>).  Because of the multiplier effects, the macroeconomic consequences could be even larger than these metrics suggest.</p><p>If expectations of extraordinary future returns were revised downward, companies would probably delay or cancel data centres, cancel chip orders and reduce investment in electricity generation and network capacity. What had previously added to economic growth would become a drag. Falling equity prices could also reduce household wealth, business confidence and venture-capital funding.</p><p>I must emphasise that this would not necessarily mean that AI had failed. The railway busts of the nineteenth century did not make railways useless, and the collapse of telecommunications shares after the dot-com boom did not prevent the internet from transforming the economy. In both cases, excessive investment produced valuable infrastructure whose economic benefits survived the destruction of investor capital.</p><p>The same could happen with AI. A collapse in the price of inference would damage companies whose valuations depend on scarcity and premium token prices. At the same time, it would benefit businesses able to purchase intelligence more cheaply. Profits might migrate from model laboratories and infrastructure providers toward applications, proprietary data and companies that use inexpensive inference to improve ordinary products and services.</p><p>The resulting downturn could therefore contain two apparently contradictory developments: a financial bust among the producers of machine intelligence and an acceleration in its adoption by the rest of the economy. The AI revolution might survive precisely because the original AI investment thesis did not.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2868481,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/209352110?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NZmw!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0efde0f-8868-4ec7-a4b2-633895784ff6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Books I Read Recently</h2><ul><li><p>Adrian Tchaikovsky, Children of Strife &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Andrew Weir, Project Hail Mary &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Robert Goddard, Play to the End  &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Cecile Pin, Wandering Souls &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Will Self, The Quantity Theory of Morality &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Anthony Horowitz, The Word is Murder &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Anthony Horowitz, The Sentence is Death  &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p></li><li><p>Shaung-Zi Yang, Taiwan Travelogue  &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p></p></li></ul><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=33.40TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png" width="1088" height="202" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:202,&quot;width&quot;:1088,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39835,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/209352110?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqU6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00fa94ea-7b42-4efc-b7da-959dfefc24cc_1088x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:790,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39754,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/209352110?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VHmz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5b8a12a-c8f5-463c-90a7-0defbf4db932_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:790,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:71085,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/209352110?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEUJ!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa70fddee-533c-44db-8c66-0a6b2a0e7d53_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian national minimum wage increased to A$26.44 per hour on 1 July 2026. This corresponds to approximately A$4,230 per month based on a 160-hour working month. However, the national minimum wage applies to only a small proportion of Australian workers. More important are the modern award wages, which cover around 21% of all employees. The lowest award classifications are closely aligned with the national minimum wage and, in many cases, are slightly higher. As a result, changes to award wages generally have a much greater impact on Australian workers than changes to the national minimum wage itself.</p><p>The 2026 minimum wage in Turkey is 33,000 TRY per month (before tax). In contrast to Australia, where only a small minority of workers receive the statutory minimum wage, the Turkish minimum wage serves as a benchmark for a large share of the labour market. It is therefore both an economic indicator and a major political issue.</p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  Leave comments and share if you want to show an appreciation of my work. You can unsubscribe anytime you want. Your email will not be used for any other purpose.  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Please continue your shares and mentions.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Patriot füzeleri çok mu abartılıyor?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Patriot f&#252;zeleri bir &#252;lkenin hava savunmas&#305; i&#231;in yeterli mi? Son &#304;ran sava&#351;&#305; tecr&#252;beleri &#305;&#351;&#305;&#287;&#305;nda cevaplamaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;m bu soruyu&#231;]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/patriot-fuzeleri-cok-mu-abartlyor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/patriot-fuzeleri-cok-mu-abartlyor</guid><pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 08:30:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. E-posta adresiniz kimse ile payla&#351;&#305;lmayacak</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#304;ngilizce&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school"><span>&#304;ngilizce</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/patriot-fuzeleri-cok-mu-abartlyor?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/patriot-fuzeleri-cok-mu-abartlyor?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p><br></p><p>&#304;brahim Kal&#305;n, 2019&#8217;da Washington&#8217;da yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; bas&#305;n toplant&#305;s&#305;nda, &#8216;<em>T&#252;rkiye istedi Patriot f&#252;zesi almay&#305; ama ABD vermedi; o y&#252;zden ba&#351;ka se&#231;eneklerle ilgileniyoruz</em>&#8217; gibi &#351;eyler s&#246;ylemi&#351;ti T&#252;rkiye&#8217;nin Rusya&#8217;dan S-400 tedarik karar&#305;n&#305; a&#231;&#305;klarken.</p><blockquote><p>Rusya&#8217;dan S-400 hava savunma sistemi al&#305;nmas&#305; konusunu de&#287;erlendiren Kal&#305;n, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;nin son 10 y&#305;ld&#305;r Patriot f&#252;ze sistemini almaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; ve g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bir hava savunma sistemi olmayan birka&#231; &#252;lkeden biri ya da tek NATO &#252;yesi oldu&#287;unu belirtti. (<a href="https://www.bloomberght.com/kalin-tehdit-ve-yaptirimlar-hicbir-olumlu-sonuc-vermeyecek-2212885">Bloomberg, 17 Nisan 2019</a>)</p></blockquote><p>Patriot f&#252;zeleri ger&#231;ekten o kadar matah &#351;eyler mi?  Altm&#305;&#351; d&#246;rt f&#252;zelik bir Patriot bataryas&#305;na 1.5 milyar ABD dolar&#305; verip almak i&#231;in pe&#351;inde 10 y&#305;l ko&#351;maya de&#287;er mi?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>Patriot f&#252;zeleri</h2><p>Raytheon ve Lockheed Martin, Patriot&#8217;lar&#305; ilk &#246;nce u&#231;ak savar olarak tasarlad&#305; ve sistem 1984 de bu ama&#231;la hizmete girdi. Taktik balistik f&#252;zeler (yani ICBM olmayan f&#252;zeler) yayg&#305;nla&#351;maya ba&#351;lay&#305;nca &#246;nce PAC-1 sonra PAC-2 terfiatlar&#305;,  Patriot&#8217;lara f&#252;ze savunma kabiliyeti kazand&#305;rd&#305;. U&#231;aksavar olarak tasarlanm&#305;&#351; f&#252;zelerin, balistik f&#252;zelere kar&#351;&#305; performans&#305; hep tart&#305;&#351;mal&#305; oldu.</p><p>Bu tart&#305;&#351;ma, daha f&#252;ze savarlar&#305;n ilk uygulamaya girdi&#287;i 1991 K&#246;rfez Sava&#351;&#305; s&#305;ras&#305;nda ba&#351;lad&#305;. Irak Scud f&#252;zelerine kar&#351;&#305; elde edilen ba&#351;ar&#305;, imalat&#231;&#305; firmalara g&#246;re muhte&#351;emdi. Sonraki ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z de&#287;erlendirmeler daha temkinli oldu. Amerikan devletinin kendi murak&#305;plar&#305; (GAO), Patriot f&#252;ze savarlar&#305;n&#305;n ger&#231;ek performans&#305; &#252;zerine bir sonuca varmaya yetecek kadar kan&#305;t bulamad&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; belirtti. MIT profes&#246;rlerinden Theodore Postol&#8217;un ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z analizi ise &#231;ok daha ele&#351;tireldi.  Postol&#8217;a g&#246;re, imalat&#231;&#305; firmalar&#305;n ba&#351;ar&#305;l&#305; engelleme olarak sunduklar&#305; &#246;rneklerin &#231;o&#287;unun &#246;yle olmad&#305;&#287;&#305; a&#351;ikard&#305;.  Pek az&#305;nda, sald&#305;rgan f&#252;ze sava&#351; ba&#351;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n ger&#231;ekten imha edildi&#287;ine dair ikna edici kan&#305;t mevcuttu.  Ele&#351;tirilerine k&#305;zan Patriot taraftarlar&#305;n&#305;n kendisini i&#351;ten att&#305;rmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; ama beceremediklerini s&#246;yl&#252;yordu Postol bir m&#252;lakatta. </p><p>Birinci K&#246;rfez Sava&#351;&#305;&#8217;nda kullan&#305;lan PAC-2&#8217;lar, sald&#305;rgan f&#252;zenin yak&#305;n&#305;nda infilak ederek sa&#231;&#305;lan &#351;arapnel par&#231;alar&#305;yla onu etkisizle&#351;tirmeyi ama&#231;l&#305;yordu. Bir sonraki uygulama olarak ilk kez 2003 y&#305;l&#305;nda, yani ikinci K&#246;rfez Sava&#351;&#305;nda, kullan&#305;lan PAC-3 sistemleri,  sald&#305;rgan&#305; do&#287;rudan kafa kafaya vurarak imha etme yolunu deniyordu.</p><p>Hi&#231;bir savunma sistemi her h&#252;cumu durdurmay&#305; garanti edemez ama &#304;ran sava&#351;&#305;ndaki pek ba&#351;ar&#305;l&#305; olmayan sonu&#231;lar, Patriot&#8217;un ger&#231;ek muharebe &#351;artlar&#305;ndaki performans&#305;n&#305; tekrar sorgulat&#305;yor.</p><p>Bu hararetli bir tart&#305;&#351;ma &#231;&#252;nk&#252; Patriot sisteminin ABD silah envanterindeki yeri &#231;ok &#246;nemli.  Bu yer &#351;&#246;yle tan&#305;mlan&#305;yordu:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;ABD Ordusunun hava ve f&#252;ze savunmas&#305;n&#305;n bel kemi&#287;i, ABD&#8217;nin g&#252;&#231; projeksiyonunun temel unsurlar&#305;ndan biri ve ABD&#8217;nin m&#252;ttefiklerine ve ortaklar&#305;na ba&#287;l&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n en &#246;nemli sembollerinden biri.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>(<em>Patriot to Ukraine: What Does It Mean?</em>, Mark F. Cancian ve Tom Karako, CSIS, 16 Aral&#305;k 2022)</p><p><strong>Patriot&#8217;lara, askeri-s&#305;nai sekt&#246;r s&#246;zc&#252;lerince g&#246;sterilen bu itibar, bana &#351;u soruyu sorduruyor: Patriot sava&#351; alan&#305; performans&#305;, takdir edilen prestiji hak ediyor mu?</strong></p><h2>ABD-&#304;ran Sava&#351;&#305;ndan &#199;&#305;kar&#305;labilecek Dersler</h2><p>2026 y&#305;l&#305;n&#305;n Mart ay&#305;nda &#304;ran&#8217;&#305;n f&#252;zeleri ve insans&#305;z hava ara&#231;lar&#305; K&#246;rfez &#252;lkelerindeki ABD &#252;slerine ve radar tesislerine ciddi hasar verdi. &#304;srail, &#304;ran sald&#305;r&#305;lar&#305;n&#305;n isabet etti&#287;i noktalar&#305;n duyurulmas&#305;n&#305; k&#305;s&#305;tlad&#305;. Buna ra&#287;men Haaretz ba&#351;ta olmak &#252;zere ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z &#304;srail bas&#305;n&#305;nda yay&#305;mlanan foto&#287;raflar ve haberler, &#304;ran f&#252;zelerinin &#304;srail&#8217;in katmanl&#305; hava savunmas&#305;n&#305; da a&#351;abildi&#287;ini g&#246;steriyor.</p><p>Elbette her ba&#351;ar&#305;l&#305; sald&#305;r&#305;y&#305; (ya da savunma ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;zl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;)  Patriot&#8217;a ba&#287;lamak do&#287;ru olmaz. &#304;srail&#8217;in, farkl&#305; tehdit t&#252;rleri ve menziller i&#231;in tasarlanm&#305;&#351; Demir Kubbe (Iron Dome), David&#8217;s Sling ve Arrow gibi &#231;e&#351;itli sistemleri kulland&#305;&#287;&#305; biliniyor. Yine de hedefe vuran &#304;ran roketlerinin &#231;oklu&#287;u ve ABD&#8217;nin &#246;nleme f&#252;zesi t&#252;ketimine ili&#351;kin haberler, Patriot performans&#305;n&#305; daha dikkatli incelemeyi gerekli k&#305;l&#305;yor.</p><p>Zarar d&#246;k&#252;m&#252;n&#252; bilmesek de, ABD f&#252;ze t&#252;ketimini a&#351;a&#287;&#305; yukar&#305; tesbit edebiliyoruz.  A&#351;a&#287;&#305;daki grafik, <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/15/as-the-us-restarts-war-on-iran-is-its-weapons-stockpile-running-low">Al Jazeera&#8217;da yay&#305;mlanan</a> ve verilerini Washington merkezli d&#252;&#351;&#252;nce kurulu&#351;u <strong><a href="https://www.csis.org/">Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)</a></strong><a href="https://www.csis.org/">&#8216;den</a> alan bir makaledeki rakamlar kullan&#305;larak &#231;izildi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Grafi&#287;e g&#246;re,  k&#252;resel PrISM stoklar&#305;n&#305;n neredeyse tamam&#305;n&#305; &#305;&#252;keten ABD, mevcut THAAD &#246;nleme f&#252;zelerinin de yakla&#351;&#305;k y&#252;zde 80&#8217;in&#305; kullanm&#305;&#351;.  K&#246;rfez civar&#305;ndaki THAAD radar sistemleri daha ilk haftalarda &#304;ran taraf&#305;ndan tahrip edildi&#287;ine g&#246;re, &#246;nleme f&#252;zeleri pek i&#351;e yaramam&#305;&#351;a benziyor. </p><p>Patriot rakamlar&#305; da takdire &#351;ayan. Sava&#351; &#246;ncesinde ABD&#8217;nin yakla&#351;&#305;k 2.330 Patriot &#246;nleme f&#252;zesine sahip oldu&#287;u tahmin ediliyormu&#351;. Bunlar&#305;n 1000-1500 kadar&#305;, yani sava&#351; &#246;ncesi sto&#287;un yakla&#351;&#305;k y&#252;zde 45 ila 60&#8217;&#305; t&#252;ketilmi&#351;. Kullan&#305;m&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;k b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;, 28 &#350;ubat&#8217;ta ba&#351;layan &#231;at&#305;&#351;malar ile 5 Nisan&#8217;daki ate&#351;kes aras&#305;nda ger&#231;ekle&#351;mi&#351;tir dersek, g&#252;nde ortalama 25-30 Patriot f&#252;zesi ate&#351;lenmi&#351; oluyor.  Tek f&#252;ze ABD ordusuna maliyeti 4 milyon dolar (siz alacak olursan&#305;z, iki kat&#305;na sat&#305;yorlar san&#305;yorum) oldu&#287;una g&#246;re, g&#252;nde en az 100 milyon dolar. </p><p>Y&#252;ksek m&#252;himmat t&#252;ketimi tek ba&#351;&#305;na sistemin ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;zl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n i&#351;areti de&#287;il tabii ki. Fakat, bu kadar fazla say&#305;da Patriot t&#252;ketimine ra&#287;men hedeflerin g&#246;rd&#252;&#287;&#252; ciddi hasar, imalat&#231;&#305; dok&#252;manlar&#305;nda iddia edilen &#246;nleme beceri oranlar&#305;na ihtiyatla yakla&#351;&#305;lmas&#305; gerekti&#287;ini d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;rtmez mi?</p><p>ABD&#8217;li yetkililer ve Patriot&#8217;un &#252;reticilerine g&#246;re bu ba&#351;ar&#305; oranlar&#305; y&#252;zde 75-80 civar&#305;nda.  &#304;ran&#8217;&#305;n att&#305;&#287;&#305; toplam drone ve roket toplam&#305; baz&#305;nda bu rakam do&#287;ru da olabilir.  Ama b&#246;yle toptanc&#305; istatistikler, farkl&#305; hedef t&#252;rleri aras&#305;ndaki &#246;nemli farklar&#305; gizliyor. Belki de s&#305;rf o y&#252;zden sat&#305;c&#305;lar taraf&#305;ndan tercih ediliyor.  Yava&#351; hareket eden bir &#304;HA ya da bir seyir f&#252;zesi ya da manevra yapabilen balistik f&#252;ze birbirinden farkl&#305; &#246;zellikler i&#231;erir.  &#304;yi ni&#351;anc&#305; birinin t&#252;fekle bile vurabilece&#287;i yava&#351; &#304;HA lara at&#305;lan Patriotlar&#305; ba&#351;ar&#305; hanesine yazarsak, performans tabii iyi g&#246;z&#252;k&#252;r.  Tehdit t&#252;rlerine g&#246;re ayr&#305;nt&#305;l&#305; bir da&#287;&#305;l&#305;m ve &#8220;ba&#351;ar&#305;l&#305; &#246;nleme&#8221;nin nas&#305;l tan&#305;mland&#305;&#287;&#305; a&#231;&#305;klanmad&#305;k&#231;a, toptanc&#305; genel ba&#351;ar&#305; oranlar&#305;n&#305;n anlam&#305; azd&#305;r.</p><p>Sava&#351;&#305;n ilk g&#252;nlerinde &#304;ran, &#304;srail&#8217;e, ABD gemilerine ve ABD &#252;slerine do&#287;ru &#231;ok say&#305;da nispeten ucuz insans&#305;z hava arac&#305; g&#246;nderdi. Daha sonraki sald&#305;r&#305;larda ise &#231;ok daha h&#305;zl&#305; ve durdurulmas&#305; zor balistik f&#252;zeler kullan&#305;ld&#305;. Muhammed Omar&#8217;&#305;n aktard&#305;&#287;&#305;na g&#246;re, &#304;HA&#8217;lar&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;rmek kolayken, balistik f&#252;zeler Patriotlar&#305; &#351;a&#351;&#305;rtmaya ba&#351;lad&#305;, 30 Mart&#8217;ta Riyad&#8217;a y&#246;nelen alt&#305; &#304;ran balistik f&#252;zesinden yaln&#305;zca ikisi &#246;nlenebildi <span>(</span><em><span>Muhamed Omar, Saudi Air Defense: 85% Intercept Rate Hides a Failing Shield, </span><a href="https://houseofsaud.com/saudi-air-defense-30-day-performance-intercept-rate-degradation/">The House of Saud, 30 March 2026</a></em><span>).</span></p><p>Bu m&#252;lahazalar&#305;n &#246;tesinde, sadece yava&#351; ve ucuz insans&#305;z hava ara&#231;lar&#305; kullan&#305;ld&#305;klar&#305;nda, e&#287;er say&#305; yeterli ise, onlar bile Patriotlar &#252;zerinde ciddi bir tehdit olu&#351;turabiliyormu&#351;. Buna <strong>doygunluk (saturation)</strong> problemi deniyor. Bir Patriot bataryas&#305;n&#305;n ate&#351;e haz&#305;r &#246;nleme f&#252;zesi say&#305;s&#305; s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ve batarya bo&#351;al&#305;nca y&#252;klem zaman al&#305;yor. Savunma protokol&#252;ne g&#246;re, yakla&#351;an her sald&#305;rgana kar&#351;&#305; iki &#246;nleme f&#252;zesi ate&#351;lenirmi&#351;.   Bu durumda, bir anda bir ka&#231; cenahtan gelen yeterli say&#305;da &#304;HA&#8217;dan olu&#351;an  bir koordine salvo sald&#305;r&#305;s&#305; bile, tek tek Patriot f&#252;zelerinin becerilerinden ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z olarak sistemin anl&#305;k kapasitesini t&#252;ketip onu bir sonraki s&#305;radan bir &#304;HA kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda aciz duruma d&#252;&#351;&#252;rebilir.</p><p><strong>Bu asl&#305;nda &#246;nemli bir nokta. Testlerde, kontroll&#252; ko&#351;ullarda elde edilen bire bir angajman ba&#351;ar&#305;lar&#305;, yo&#287;un bir f&#252;ze sald&#305;r&#305;s&#305;na kar&#351;&#305; yeterli koruma sa&#287;lanaca&#287;&#305; anlam&#305;na gelmez</strong>.</p><h2>Patriot&#8217;lar&#305;n Sicili</h2><p>Suudi Arabistan&#8217;dan aktard&#305;&#287;&#305;m deneyim, ge&#231;mi&#351; &#231;at&#305;&#351;malarda dile getirilen kayg&#305;lara benziyor. Norve&#231;li hava savunma sitesi <em><a href="https://norskluftvern.com/2025/06/28/patriot-missile-systems-empirical-performance-data-2020-2025/">Norsk luftvern</a></em><a href="https://norskluftvern.com/2025/06/28/patriot-missile-systems-empirical-performance-data-2020-2025/"> taraf&#305;ndan yay&#305;mlanan bir inceleme, </a>sorunu &#351;&#246;yle &#246;zetliyordu:</p><blockquote><p>Performans verileri, &#252;retici iddialar&#305; ile ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z olarak do&#287;rulanm&#305;&#351; sonu&#231;lar aras&#305;nda &#246;nemli farklar oldu&#287;unu ortaya koyuyor; ba&#351;ar&#305; oranlar&#305; tehdit t&#252;r&#252;ne ve operasyonel ko&#351;ullara g&#246;re b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de de&#287;i&#351;iyor.</p></blockquote><p>(*Patriot Missile Systems: Empirical Performance Data (2020&#8211;2025)*, *Norsk luftvern*, 28 Haziran 2025)</p><h3>Theodore Postol&#8217;un ele&#351;tirisi</h3><p>Patriot&#8217;un en &#305;srarl&#305; ele&#351;tirmenlerinden biri, MIT&#8217;de bilim, teknoloji ve ulusal g&#252;venlik politikas&#305; alan&#305;nda emeritus profes&#246;r olan Theodore Postol&#8217;dur. Postol, silah teknolojileri konusunda ABD h&#252;k&#252;metine defalarca dan&#305;&#351;manl&#305;k yapm&#305;&#351; sayg&#305;de&#287;er bir m&#252;hendis. F&#252;ze savunmas&#305;na ili&#351;kin iddialara y&#246;neltti&#287;i ele&#351;tirilerini kamuya a&#231;&#305;k kan&#305;tlar&#305;n ayr&#305;nt&#305;l&#305; analizine dayand&#305;r&#305;yor.</p><p>Postol, 1991 K&#246;rfez Sava&#351;&#305;&#8217;ndan video g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;lerini inceledikten sonra Patriot&#8217;un Irak Scud f&#252;zelerine kar&#351;&#305; iyi performans g&#246;stermedi&#287;i ve ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;zl&#305;k oran&#305;n&#305;n y&#252;zde 80 ya da daha y&#252;ksek olabilece&#287;i sonucuna vard&#305;. O d&#246;nemde &#246;ne s&#252;r&#252;len a&#231;&#305;klamalardan biri, Irak&#8217;&#305;n yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; basit de&#287;i&#351;ikliklerin Scud f&#252;zelerinin dengesini bozmu&#351; olmas&#305;yd&#305;. F&#252;zeler atmosfere yeniden giri&#351; s&#305;ras&#305;nda s&#305;k s&#305;k takla at&#305;yor ve par&#231;alan&#305;yordu. Ortaya &#231;&#305;kan enkaz, savunma sistemlerinin kafas&#305;n&#305; kar&#305;&#351;t&#305;r&#305;yor ve Patriot&#8217;un yakla&#351;an sava&#351; ba&#351;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; imha edip etmedi&#287;inin belirlenmesini g&#252;&#231;le&#351;tiriyordu.</p><p>Postol ayr&#305;ca baz&#305; kentsel angajmanlarda Patriot f&#305;rlatmalar&#305;n&#305;n, yerle&#351;im alanlar&#305;na d&#252;&#351;en a&#287;&#305;r ve y&#252;ksek h&#305;zl&#305; enkaz miktar&#305;n&#305; art&#305;rm&#305;&#351; bile olabilece&#287;ini savundu.</p><p>Bu ele&#351;tiriler esas olarak PAC-2 nesliyle ilgiliydi. O tarihten bu yana PAC-3 &#246;nleme f&#252;zeleri Ukrayna&#8217;da ve K&#246;rfez&#8217;de konu&#351;land&#305;r&#305;ld&#305;. Postol, r&#246;portaj ve podcast&#8217;lerde PAC-3&#8217;&#252;n baz&#305; &#231;ok h&#305;zl&#305; f&#252;zelere kar&#351;&#305; daha da d&#252;&#351;&#252;k bir etkinlik g&#246;sterebilece&#287;ini savundu. Ancak bu &#246;zel iddiay&#305;, &#246;nceki &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar&#305;ndaki titizlikle destekledi&#287;i yaz&#305;l&#305; bir analizine rastlamad&#305;m.</p><h3>Ukrayna&#8217;dan kan&#305;tlar</h3><p>Royal United Services Institute&#8217;un Kas&#305;m 2025 tarihli bir analizi, 24 Ekim 2025&#8217;e kadar Ukrayna&#8217;ya d&#252;zenlenen sald&#305;r&#305;lar&#305; kapsayan bir veri k&#252;mesini inceledi. Analize g&#246;re 939 &#304;skender ve Kinjal f&#252;zesi f&#305;rlat&#305;lm&#305;&#351;, bunlar&#305;n 227&#8217;si &#246;nlenmi&#351;ti. </p><p>Y&#252;zde 25 ba&#351;ar&#305; az diyorsunuz ama asl&#305;nda durum daha k&#246;t&#252;.  Ayn&#305; analiz, sonu&#231;lar&#305;n bir sald&#305;r&#305;dan di&#287;erine b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini kaydediyor. &#304;ncelenen 345 sald&#305;r&#305;n&#305;n 273&#8217;&#252;nde Ukrayna hava savunmas&#305; hi&#231;bir &#304;skender veya Kinjal f&#252;zesini &#246;nleyememi&#351;. Yani s&#305;f&#305;r performans.  Toplam 593 f&#252;ze savunmay&#305; delmi&#351;. (<a href="https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/iskander-improved-russian-missile-tests-ukraines-air-defence">Sam Cranny-Evans ve Dr Sidharth Kaushal, *Iskander: An Improved Russian Missile Tests Ukraine&#8217;s Air Defence*, RUSI, 18 Kas&#305;m 2025</a>)</p><p>RUSI&#8217;nin analizi genel olarak Patriot&#8217;a olumlu yakla&#351;&#305;yor; bununla birlikte Rus yeni taktik ve f&#252;ze teknolojilerinin savunma etkinli&#287;ini giderek azaltt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; kabul ediyor.</p><h2>En az&#305;ndan u&#231;aklar&#305; durdurabilir mi?</h2><p>Evet.  Patriot ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;ta u&#231;aklara kar&#351;&#305; savunma amac&#305;yla tasarland&#305; ve bu rolde hemen hemen m&#252;kemmel performans g&#246;sterdi. Ama, ki bu &#246;nemli bir ama,  balistik f&#252;zelere kar&#351;&#305; zaaf&#305;,  u&#231;aksavar i&#351;levini tehlikeye atabilir. Patriot bataryas&#305;n&#305;n yerini tespit edebilen has&#305;m; batarya radar&#305;n&#305;, komuta merkezini ve at&#305;c&#305;lar&#305; yo&#287;un f&#252;ze salvolar&#305;yla tahrip edip,  b&#246;ylece u&#231;ak veya insans&#305;z hava arac&#305; harek&#226;tlar&#305;n&#305;n &#246;n&#252;n&#252; a&#231;abilir.</p><p><strong>Yani, u&#231;aklara kar&#351;&#305; son derece etkili ama kendisinin de f&#252;zelere kar&#351;&#305; ek &#246;nlemlerle korunmas&#305; gerekiyor</strong>.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>21 Haziran k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=32.87TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png" width="1074" height="202" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:202,&quot;width&quot;:1074,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38243,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/207998825?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acg5!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2548bcfe-0c8b-4a06-9491-79289d3ba3c9_1074x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubgk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41a6c6ce-e5ac-4804-a0a5-a664f67f944c_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubgk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41a6c6ce-e5ac-4804-a0a5-a664f67f944c_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubgk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubgk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41a6c6ce-e5ac-4804-a0a5-a664f67f944c_788x590.png" width="788" height="590" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41a6c6ce-e5ac-4804-a0a5-a664f67f944c_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubgk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41a6c6ce-e5ac-4804-a0a5-a664f67f944c_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubgk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41a6c6ce-e5ac-4804-a0a5-a664f67f944c_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubgk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41a6c6ce-e5ac-4804-a0a5-a664f67f944c_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F259bfe97-ce2a-45a9-a8aa-da09ac64a20c_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  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Let us take a closer look.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/are-patriot-missiles-overrated</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/are-patriot-missiles-overrated</guid><pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:25:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/are-patriot-missiles-overrated?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/are-patriot-missiles-overrated?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>What is the Patriot system?</h2><p>The Patriot air-defence system, developed by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin, was first deployed in 1984, primarily to defend against aircraft. As tactical ballistic missiles proliferated, the PAC-1 and PAC-2 upgrades gave the system an anti-missile role. Its performance against missiles, however, proved more controversial than its performance against aircraft.</p><p>That controversy began during the 1991 Gulf War. Initial claims about Patriot&#8217;s success against Iraqi Scud missiles were highly optimistic, but subsequent reviews were far less reassuring. A US Government Accountability Office assessment found no evidence to support firm conclusions about the system&#8217;s overall effectiveness. An independent analysis by MIT professor Theodore Postol was more critical, arguing that there was convincing evidence of warhead destruction in only a small fraction of engagements.</p><p>The PAC-2 used in the first Gulf War attempted to defeat an incoming missile by detonating nearby and striking it with blast fragments. The PAC-3, first used in combat in 2003, adopted a different approach: a smaller, more agile interceptor designed to destroy its target through direct impact.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDPz!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa03ec69b-567d-459c-8dbf-c578a65c58d1_1920x1280.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The recent US and Israeli experience in the war with Iran raises renewed questions. US bases, naval forces and Israeli targets sustained damage despite the presence of Patriot and other air-defence systems. It is true that no defensive system can guarantee that every incoming weapon will be intercepted. The recent experience, however, justifies closer scrutiny of Patriot&#8217;s real-world performance.</p><p>The system has been described as </p><blockquote><p>&#8220;<strong>the U.S. Army&#8217;s air and missile defense workhorse, a key element of U.S. power projection, and a premier symbol of U.S. commitment to allies and partners</strong>&#8221; (<a href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/patriot-ukraine-what-does-it-mean">Patriot to Ukraine: What Does It Mean?, Critical Questions by Mark F. Cancian and Tom Karako</a>, Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), <a href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/patriot-ukraine-what-does-it-mean">16 December 2022)</a></p></blockquote><p>This reputation makes the question especially important: <strong>does Patriot&#8217;s battlefield performance justify its prestige</strong>?</p><h2>Why revisit the question now?</h2><p>Iranian missiles and drones inflicted significant damage on US bases and radar installations in Gulf countries in March 2026. Israel imposed restrictions on reporting the locations of Iranian strikes, but photographs and accounts published by independent Israeli media, including <strong>Haaretz</strong>, suggested that Iranian missiles also penetrated Israel&#8217;s layered defences.</p><p>It would be too simple to attribute every successful strike to Patriot. Israel reportedly relies on several systems&#8212;including Iron Dome, David&#8217;s Sling and Arrow&#8212;designed for different threats and operating ranges. Nevertheless, the number of weapons that penetrated these defences, together with the reported expenditure of US interceptors, warrants examination. </p><h2>Lessons from the US-Iran War</h2><p>The following chart is based on numbers quoted in an<a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/15/as-the-us-restarts-war-on-iran-is-its-weapons-stockpile-running-low"> Al Jazeera article</a>, which in turn quotes the <a href="https://www.csis.org/">Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS</a>), a Washington-based think tank.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png" width="850" height="700" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:700,&quot;width&quot;:850,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:21004,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/207271319?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ldL0!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7b87bcd-e281-4ff9-8825-b7b3904ceaaf_850x700.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>According to those estimates, the conflict consumed nearly all of the global inventory of one munition category shown in the source, as well as approximately 80 per cent of the available THAAD interceptors.</p><p>The figures for Patriot are similarly striking. The United States was estimated to have held about 2,330 Patriot interceptors before the war.  It used between 1,060 and 1,430 of them&#8212;roughly 45 to 60 per cent of the pre-war stockpile. If most were used between the opening of hostilities on 28 February and the 5 April ceasefire, that would amount to approximately 25 to 30 interceptors a day.</p><p>High expenditure is not necessarily evidence of poor performance.  Even so, the combination of heavy interceptor use and substantial damage to defended sites suggests that headline interception figures should be treated cautiously.</p><p>US officials and Patriot&#8217;s manufacturers have cited interception rates of 75 to 80 per cent. Such aggregate figures may obscure important differences among target types. A slow drone, a cruise missile and a manoeuvring ballistic missile present very different technical challenges. Without a breakdown by threat type&#8212;and without a clear definition of what counts as a successful interception&#8212;the headline rate tells us less than it appears to.</p><p>During the early days of the conflict, Iran launched large numbers of relatively inexpensive drones towards Israel, US ships and US bases. Later attacks included faster and more demanding ballistic-missile threats. Mohammed Omar reported that, on 30 March, six Iranian ballistic missiles targeted Riyadh and only two were intercepted (<em>Muhamed Omar, Saudi Air Defense: 85% Intercept Rate Hides a Failing Shield, <a href="https://houseofsaud.com/saudi-air-defense-30-day-performance-intercept-rate-degradation/">The House of Saud, 30 March 2026</a></em>).</p><p> Even slow, inexpensive drones can pose a serious problem when launched in sufficient numbers. The issue is saturation. A battery has a limited number of ready-to-fire interceptors, defenders may launch two interceptors at a single target, and launchers cannot be reloaded instantly. A sufficiently large or carefully coordinated salvo can therefore exhaust the system&#8217;s immediate capacity, regardless of how effective each interceptor may be in isolation.</p><p>This distinction matters. Performing well in a controlled one-on-one engagement does not necessarily provide adequate protection against a mass attack.</p><h2>The long-running dispute over Patriot&#8217;s record</h2><p> The latest Saudi experience is consistent with concerns raised in earlier conflicts. A review published by the Norwegian air-defence site *Norsk luftvern* summarised the verification problem identified after the Gulf War:</p><blockquote><p>Government Accountability Office analysis reveals persistent verification problems, with the 1992 Desert Storm assessment finding that &#8220;data does not exist to conclusively say how well Patriot performed.&#8221; <strong>Only 9% of Gulf War engagements showed strong evidence of successful warhead destruction</strong>, despite initial claims of near-perfect performance. (Patriot Missile Systems: Empirical Performance Data (2020-2025), Norsk luftvern, 28 June 2025)</p></blockquote><h2>Theodore Postol&#8217;s critique</h2><p>One of Patriot&#8217;s most persistent critics has been Theodore Postol, professor emeritus of science, technology and national security policy at MIT. Postol has advised the US government on weapons technology, and his criticisms of missile-defence claims have often relied on detailed analysis of publicly available evidence.</p><p>After examining video footage from the 1991 Gulf War, Postol concluded that Patriot performed poorly against Iraqi Scud missiles and that its failure rate may have been 80 per cent or higher. One explanation offered at the time was that Iraq&#8217;s crude modifications made the Scuds unstable. The missiles often tumbled and broke apart during atmospheric re-entry, producing debris that confused defenders and made it difficult to determine whether Patriot had destroyed an incoming warhead.</p><p>Postol also argued that, in some urban engagements, Patriot launches may have even increased the amount of heavy, high-speed debris falling on populated areas.</p><p>Those criticisms principally concerned the PAC-2 generation. PAC-3 interceptors have since been deployed in Ukraine and the Gulf. In interviews and podcasts, Postol has argued that PAC-3 may perform even less effectively against some very fast missiles. I have not, however, found a written analysis in which he supports that particular claim with the same rigour as his earlier work.</p><h2>Evidence from Ukraine</h2><p>Patriot&#8217;s performance against Russian Iskander and Kinzhal missiles has also attracted scrutiny. A November 2025 analysis by the Royal United Services Institute examined a dataset covering attacks on Ukraine through 24 October 2025. It reported that 939 Iskanders and Kinzhals had been launched and 227 intercepted&#8212;an overall rate of roughly 24 per cent across the dataset.</p><p>The same analysis found that results varied sharply from one attack to another. Of 345 attacks examined, Ukrainian air defences reportedly intercepted no Iskander or Kinzhal missiles in 273 instances. In total, 593 missiles penetrated the defences, although 22 reportedly failed to reach their targets. (<a href="https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/iskander-improved-russian-missile-tests-ukraines-air-defence">Iskander: An Improved Russian Missile Tests Ukraine&#8217;s Air Defence, Sam Cranny-Evans and Dr Sidharth Kaushal, RUSI, 18 November 2025</a>)</p><p>Ukraine operates several air-defence systems, and Patriot batteries do not cover the entire country. RUSI&#8217;s analysis is broadly supportive of Patriot, while acknowledging that Russian tactics and missile technology have reduced defensive effectiveness. It points in particular to altered trajectories, higher terminal speeds and more capable decoys.</p><p>This underlines the central issue: effectiveness is not a fixed property of a weapon. It depends on the target, the attack profile, the number of incoming weapons, the quality of sensors and command systems, the availability of interceptors, and the adversary&#8217;s ability to adapt.</p><h2>Can Patriot at least stop aircraft?</h2><p>Patriot was originally designed to defend against aircraft, a role in which it has generally performed well. But weakness against ballistic missiles can also compromise that function. An adversary that can locate a Patriot battery may first attack its radar, command post and launchers with concentrated missile salvos, clearing the way for later aircraft or drone operations.</p><p>This sequence means that Patriots can only be part of an integrated defence system.  They are very effective against aircraft but they themselves should be protected by additional measures against missiles.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>So, are Patriot missiles overrated? If the claim is that Patriot offers a reliable shield against large, sophisticated ballistic-missile attacks, the evidence gives ample reason for scepticism. Its publicly advertised interception rates are difficult to verify, aggregated figures can conceal poor performance against the most challenging targets, and determined adversaries can exploit saturation, manoeuvring warheads and decoys.</p><p>On the other hand, the system can defend valuable targets, particularly as part of a layered network, and its performance varies greatly with the threat and the circumstances.</p><p><strong>My conclusion is that Patriot&#8217;s political reputation has outrun what any air-defence system can deliver. It is a useful but limited weapon.</strong> </p><p></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=32.87TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png" width="1074" height="202" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:202,&quot;width&quot;:1074,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39046,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/207271319?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wu6x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e1d303-33b7-49bf-9676-793abb5ec3b0_1074x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hTOI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hTOI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hTOI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hTOI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hTOI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hTOI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png" width="788" height="590" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hTOI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hTOI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hTOI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c11451e-c27e-4ca2-990c-dddf4f1aacdc_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mTOf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mTOf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mTOf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mTOf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mTOf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mTOf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mTOf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mTOf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mTOf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe383d4b2-9b05-47f1-8a0a-468b99859855_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian national minimum wage increased to A$26.44 per hour on 1 July 2026. This corresponds to approximately A$4,230 per month based on a 160-hour working month. However, the national minimum wage applies to only a small proportion of Australian workers. More important are the modern award wages, which cover around 21% of all employees. The lowest award classifications are closely aligned with the national minimum wage and, in many cases, are slightly higher. As a result, changes to award wages generally have a much greater impact on Australian workers than changes to the national minimum wage itself.</p><p>The 2026 minimum wage in Turkey is 33,000 TRY per month (before tax). In contrast to Australia, where only a small minority of workers receive the statutory minimum wage, the Turkish minimum wage serves as a benchmark for a large share of the labour market. It is therefore both an economic indicator and a major political issue.</p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  Leave comments and share if you want to show an appreciation of my work. You can unsubscribe anytime you want. Your email will not be used for any other purpose.  Substack will not send you third-party advertisements.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2>Statistics</h2><p>The current count is 525 subscribers; 720 followers.</p><p>I thank you all for your support. Please continue your shares and mentions.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Avrupa için Son Şans]]></title><description><![CDATA[NATO Ankara Zirvesinde ne olur ne olmaz diye d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;rken akl&#305;mdan ge&#231;enler]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/avrupa-icin-son-sans</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/avrupa-icin-son-sans</guid><pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 07:03:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i2f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96e9e3d9-22ec-42c1-8435-f6bb0dab691b_864x486.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. E-posta adresiniz kimse ile payla&#351;&#305;lmayacak</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#304;ngilizce&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school"><span>&#304;ngilizce</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/avrupa-icin-son-sans?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/avrupa-icin-son-sans?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h2>Avrupa Modern D&#252;nyay&#305; Yarat&#305;yor</h2><p>Fosil kay&#305;tlar&#305;, eski insan atalar&#305;n&#305;n &#351;empanze soyundan 7 milyon y&#305;l &#246;nce ayr&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;steriyor. Homo Sapiens, yani biz,  300.000 y&#305;l &#246;nce &#231;&#305;kt&#305;k ve 290.000 y&#305;l avc&#305;-toplay&#305;c&#305; olarak ya&#351;ad&#305;k. Dil, sanat ve bir tak&#305;m aletler &#231;&#305;karsak da ortaya bu kadar y&#305;lda, ekonomik &#252;retkenlik &#231;ok yava&#351; de&#287;i&#351;ti. Takriben 12.000 y&#305;l &#246;nce tar&#305;m&#305; icat ettik. Bu&#287;day &#231;ift&#231;ili&#287;ine dair ilk bulgular bu tarihlerden. G&#246;bekli Tepe civar&#305;nda g&#246;r&#252;yoruz mesela. Ekonomik art&#305; de&#287;er yaratan tar&#305;m, uzmanla&#351;mak ve yeni teknolojiler geli&#351;tirmek i&#231;in zaman kazand&#305;rd&#305; insanlara. Ama s&#252;re&#231; yava&#351;t&#305;. Bin y&#305;llar ge&#231;iyor, sanki fazla bir &#351;ey de&#287;i&#351;miyordu. Mesela, M.&#214;. 10.000 civar&#305;nda G&#246;bekli Tepe&#8217;de ya&#351;ayan bir &#231;ift&#231;i, M.S. 1000 y&#305;l&#305;nda Edessa (bug&#252;nk&#252; &#350;anl&#305;urfa yani yine G&#246;bekli Tepe civar&#305;) k&#305;rsal&#305;na seyahat edebilseydi, metal aletlere ve daha b&#252;y&#252;k k&#246;ylere hayran kal&#305;rd&#305; herhalde ama yap&#305;lan &#231;ift&#231;ilik ona h&#226;l&#226; tan&#305;d&#305;k gelirdi.</p><p>Milattan sonra ikinci biny&#305;lda h&#305;zland&#305; tarih. Avrasya kara par&#231;as&#305;ndan bat&#305;ya do&#287;ru uzanan nispeten k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir yar&#305;mada d&#252;nyay&#305; k&#246;kten de&#287;i&#351;tirmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;. R&#246;nesans, Ayd&#305;nlanma, Bilimsel Devrim ve Sanayi Devrimi arac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla, bu yar&#305;m ada,  yani Avrupa, d&#252;nyan&#305;n teknolojik, ekonomik ve askeri merkezi haline geldi.</p><h2>Avrupa Kendini Yok Ediyor</h2><p>Y&#252;zy&#305;llar boyunca Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n en g&#252;&#231;l&#252; ve en zay&#305;f yanlar&#305; ayn&#305;yd&#305;: siyasi b&#246;l&#252;nm&#252;&#351;l&#252;k. &#199;in, Hindistan veya Osmanl&#305; gibi b&#252;y&#252;k imparatorluklar&#305;n aksine, Avrupa birbiriyle rekabet eden onlarca devletten olu&#351;uyordu. Bu rekabet yenili&#287;i, ticareti ve bilimsel ilerlemeyi te&#351;vik etti, ve ayn&#305; zamanda bitmeyen sava&#351;lara yol a&#231;t&#305;.</p><p>Vestfalya Bar&#305;&#351;&#305; daha istikrarl&#305; bir Avrupa devletler sistemi kurdu asl&#305;nda ama b&#252;y&#252;k g&#252;&#231;ler aras&#305;ndaki rekabet ortadan kalkmad&#305;. Yirminci y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ba&#351;lar&#305;na gelindi&#287;inde Avrupa, d&#252;nya ticaretinin ve s&#246;m&#252;rge imparatorluklar&#305;n&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;k b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252; kontrol ederek k&#252;resel n&#252;fuzunun zirvesine ula&#351;m&#305;&#351;ken bir yandan da bu zenginliklerden daha fazla pay almak i&#231;in didi&#351;meler i&#231;indeydi.</p><p>Sonra felaket geldi. Birinci D&#252;nya Sava&#351;&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n g&#246;r&#252;nen nedenleri ne olursa olsun, sonu&#231;lar&#305; belli. On milyonlarca Avrupal&#305; &#246;ld&#252; veya yaraland&#305;, bir&#231;ok imparatorluk tarih sahnesinden silindi ve yeni d&#252;nyay&#305; yaratan k&#305;ta, ekonomik ve siyasi g&#252;c&#252;n&#252; t&#252;ketti.</p><p>Avrupa, kendi i&#231;inde didi&#351;mekten vaz ge&#231;seydi,  yine eski konumuna kavu&#351;abilirdi. Bunun yerine, hen&#252;z yirmi y&#305;l bile ge&#231;meden &#231;ok daha b&#252;y&#252;k bir felakete, &#304;kinci D&#252;nya Sava&#351;&#305;&#8217;na s&#252;r&#252;klendi. 1945&#8217;e gelindi&#287;inde Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;k bir k&#305;sm&#305; harabeye d&#246;nm&#252;&#351;t&#252; art&#305;k. &#304;ngiltere ve Fransa sava&#351;tan galip &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351; olsalar da mali a&#231;&#305;dan t&#252;kenmi&#351;lerdi. Almanya b&#246;l&#252;nm&#252;&#351; ve i&#351;gal edilmi&#351;ti.</p><p>Sovyetler Birli&#287;i Do&#287;u Avrupa&#8217;ya hakim oldu. Bat&#305; Avrupa ise yaln&#305;zca, Amerika Birle&#351;ik Devletleri onu yeniden in&#351;a edecek ekonomik g&#252;ce ve savunacak askeri kapasiteye sahip oldu&#287;u i&#231;in ayakta kalabildi.</p><h2>Amerikan Y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;</h2><p>Avrupa, k&#252;resel hakimiyetini &#252;&#231; y&#252;z y&#305;lda kurdu, otuz y&#305;lda kaybetti.</p><p>1945&#8217;ten sonra sava&#351;tan galip ayr&#305;lanlar ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;ta sava&#351; sonras&#305; istikrarl&#305; bir d&#252;zen in&#351;a etmeyi ummu&#351;tular, ancak kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;kl&#305; duyduklar&#305; &#351;&#252;phe ve korkular&#305; a&#351;amad&#305;lar. Sonu&#231; olarak, birbirine rakip iki s&#252;per g&#252;c&#252;n ve iki ideolojinin &#8212;kapitalist ABD ve sosyalist SSCB&#8212; boyunduru&#287;unda iki kutuplu bir d&#252;nyayla ba&#351; ba&#351;a kald&#305;k.</p><p>NATO ve Amerika&#8217;n&#305;n n&#252;kleer &#351;emsiyesinin korumas&#305; alt&#305;nda, Bat&#305; Avrupa Marshall Plan&#305; yard&#305;mlar&#305;yla yeniden in&#351;a edildi. Amerikan deste&#287;i ve korumas&#305; bedeli olarak, Bat&#305; Avrupa, ABD liderli&#287;inde uluslararas&#305; d&#252;zenin k&#252;&#231;&#252;k orta&#287;&#305; olmay&#305; kabul etti.</p><p>Do&#287;u Avrupa ve Do&#287;u Almanya ise Sovyet n&#252;fuz alan&#305;na girmi&#351;ti. Oralar&#305; da yeni durumlara ayak uydurmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305; ama, Sovyet modeli, kapitalist ekonomiler kadar yenilik&#231;i olmay&#305; beceremedi.</p><p>Sovyetler Birli&#287;i 1991&#8217;de resmen da&#287;&#305;ld&#305; ve iki kutuplu d&#252;nya da b&#246;ylece bitmi&#351; oldu. &#304;lgin&#231; bir durum ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;: Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n y&#252;kseli&#351;inden bu yana ilk kez tek bir ulusun &#252;st&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252;. ABD, d&#252;nyan&#305;n tek s&#252;per g&#252;c&#252;yd&#252;. Bat&#305;&#8217;da pek &#231;ok ki&#351;i bu yeni d&#252;zen sonsuza dek s&#252;rer diyordu. Hatta baz&#305; g&#246;zlemciler, liberal Bat&#305; d&#252;zenine alternatif kalmad&#305;&#287;&#305;na inanarak &#8220;tarihin sonunu&#8221; ilan etti.</p><p>Tek kutuplu d&#246;nem k&#305;sa s&#252;rd&#252;.</p><h2>Avrupa&#8217;ya Bir &#350;ans Daha</h2><p>ABD&#8217;nin 1945&#8217;ten sonra kurdu&#287;u k&#252;resel g&#252;venlik a&#287;&#305;, tarihte e&#351;i benzeri g&#246;r&#252;lmemi&#351; uluslararas&#305; bir ticaret sistemi yaratt&#305;. A&#231;&#305;k deniz yollar&#305;, nispeten istikrarl&#305; finansal kurumlar ve geni&#351;leyen pazarlar, &#351;irketlerin &#252;retimlerini k&#252;resel &#246;l&#231;ekte organize etmelerine olanak tan&#305;d&#305;. Bu durum ABD&#8217;ye ba&#351;ta muazzam faydalar sa&#287;larken di&#287;er &#252;lkelerin sanayile&#351;mesine de zemin haz&#305;rlad&#305;. Uluslararas&#305; d&#252;zeni ayakta tutman&#305;n  maliyetini &#252;stlenmeyen &#252;lkeler, zaman i&#231;inde, sistemden en yararl&#305; &#231;&#305;kanlar oldu. Daha d&#252;&#351;&#252;k bir sanayi temelinden ba&#351;layan bu &#252;lkeler, genellikle, ABD&#8217;den daha h&#305;zl&#305; b&#252;y&#252;d&#252;ler.</p><p>Thomas L. Friedman&#8217;&#305;n o me&#351;hur tabiriyle &#8220;D&#252;nya D&#252;zle&#351;ti&#8221;.  Ekonomik b&#252;y&#252;me &#246;n&#252;ndeki engeller dramatik bir &#351;ekilde azalm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. &#199;in, e&#351;i benzeri g&#246;r&#252;lmemi&#351; bir ivmeyle b&#252;y&#252;yerek ekonomik anlamda, ABD&#8217;nin e&#351;iti haline geldi. Rusya ise yeniden b&#252;y&#252;k bir askeri g&#252;&#231; olarak tarih sahnesine d&#246;necek kadar toparland&#305;.</p><p>Tek kutuplu &#231;a&#287;,  &#199;in&#8217;in y&#252;kseli&#351;i, Rusya&#8217;n&#305;n askeri olarak yeniden dirili&#351;i ve Hindistan ile T&#252;rkiye gibi b&#246;lgesel g&#252;&#231;lerin artan etkisiyle yava&#351; yava&#351; &#351;ekil bulan &#231;ok kutuplu bir uluslararas&#305; sisteme yerini b&#305;rakt&#305;. Art&#305;k Amerika Birle&#351;ik Devletleri her b&#246;lgeye ayn&#305; anda hakim olma g&#252;c&#252;ne sahip de&#287;ildi.</p><p>Buraya kadar yazd&#305;klar&#305;m genel ge&#231;er &#351;eyler.  Pek kimsenin itiraz edece&#287;ini sanm&#305;yorum.  Bundan sonra, biraz daha farkl&#305; &#351;eyler s&#246;ylemeye ba&#351;layaca&#287;&#305;m.</p><p>Benim &#351;ahsi g&#246;r&#252;&#351;&#252;m &#351;u: Rusya ile bitmek bilmeyen bir &#231;at&#305;&#351;maya girmek, bildi&#287;imiz Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n sonunu getirir.  Rusya ile girece&#287;i stratejik bir uzla&#351;ma ise Avrupa i&#231;in yeni bir ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231; ikinci bir &#351;ans olur.</p><p>Ni&#231;in b&#246;yle d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yorum? &#199;&#252;nk&#252;, eski deniza&#351;&#305;r&#305; imparatorluklar&#305;n&#305; &#231;oktan yitirmi&#351; bir Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n, b&#305;rak &#199;in&#8217;i ya da ABD&#8217;yi, tek ba&#351;&#305;na Rusya ile bile rekabet edebilecek kadar bile g&#252;c&#252; yok art&#305;k.  Ne gen&#231; n&#252;fus var sahaya asker g&#246;nderecek kadar ne de do&#287;al kaynak.</p><p>Buna kar&#351;&#305;n, Avrupa geli&#351;mi&#351; teknolojiye, sofistike sermaye piyasalar&#305;na ve son derece e&#287;itimli bir i&#351;g&#252;c&#252;ne sahip hala. Rusya ise devasa enerji rezervlerine, madenlere, tar&#305;m arazilerine ve stratejik derinli&#287;e sahip. &#304;kisi birlikte, Atlantik&#8217;ten Pasifik&#8217;e uzanan d&#252;nyan&#305;n en b&#252;y&#252;k entegre ekonomik alanlar&#305;ndan birini olu&#351;turabilir isterlerse. Bu s&#246;yledi&#287;im benim icat etti&#287;im bir &#351;ey de&#287;il.  Y&#305;llar &#246;nce, Charles de Gaulle gibi devlet adamlar&#305;n&#305; b&#252;y&#252;lemi&#351;ti bu sihirli ihtimal. De Gaulle, daha 1959 gibi erken bir tarihte, ABD ve Sovyetler Birli&#287;i&#8217;nin Avrupa &#252;zerindeki n&#252;fuzunun k&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305; ve Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n kendini &#246;zg&#252;r Avrupa uluslar&#305;ndan olu&#351;an bir ittifaka d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rmesini arzuluyordu. Vizyonu &#8220;Atlantik&#8217;ten Urallar&#8217;a kadar Avrupa&#8221; idi. Avrupal&#305; bir g&#252;&#231; olarak Sovyetler Birli&#287;i bu s&#252;rece dahil edilecek, ancak ABD temelde d&#305;&#351;ar&#305;dan biri olarak g&#246;r&#252;lecekti. De Gaulle bu g&#246;r&#252;&#351;&#252;nde yaln&#305;z de&#287;ildi ve Helsinki Nihai Senedi ve ba&#351;ka &#246;rneklerde yans&#305;d&#305;&#287;&#305; gibi, Avrupa ve Rusya, bar&#305;&#351; i&#231;inde bir arada ya&#351;ama ve i&#351;birli&#287;i y&#246;n&#252;nde birlikte &#231;ok &#246;nemli ad&#305;mlar att&#305;.</p><p>Peki Avrupa ile Rusya aras&#305;ndaki bu yak&#305;nla&#351;ma, Sovyetler Birli&#287;i&#8217;nin &#231;&#246;k&#252;&#351;&#252;nden hemen sonra neden sona erdi? Bu soruyu cevaplamaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;an &#231;ok oldu ve yan&#305;tlar &#231;o&#287;u zaman birbirine taban tabana z&#305;t. Bu metin zaten yeterince uzun, dolay&#305;s&#305;yla bu tart&#305;&#351;may&#305; burada &#231;&#246;zmeye giri&#351;meyece&#287;im. Ancak &#351;uras&#305; a&#231;&#305;k ki, sorumluluk kime y&#252;klenirse y&#252;klensin, uzayan bir &#231;at&#305;&#351;ma s&#252;reci, hem Avrupa&#8217;y&#305; hem de Rusya&#8217;y&#305; birlikte zay&#305;flatacakt&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i2f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96e9e3d9-22ec-42c1-8435-f6bb0dab691b_864x486.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i2f!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96e9e3d9-22ec-42c1-8435-f6bb0dab691b_864x486.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i2f!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96e9e3d9-22ec-42c1-8435-f6bb0dab691b_864x486.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i2f!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96e9e3d9-22ec-42c1-8435-f6bb0dab691b_864x486.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3i2f!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96e9e3d9-22ec-42c1-8435-f6bb0dab691b_864x486.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Hen&#252;z i&#351; i&#351;ten ge&#231;mi&#351; de&#287;il ve Avrupa h&#226;l&#226; rotas&#305;n&#305; de&#287;i&#351;tirebilir. &#214;rne&#287;in NATO Ankara Zirvesi bir d&#246;n&#252;m noktas&#305; olabilir; zirve, Avrupa uluslar&#305; taraf&#305;ndan k&#305;tada bar&#305;&#351;a giden bir yol aray&#305;&#351;&#305;n&#305;n ba&#351;lang&#305;c&#305; olarak de&#287;erlendirilebilirdi. Ne yaz&#305;k ki, Avrupa liderleri bu yolu se&#231;memi&#351; g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;yor.</p><p>NATO zirvesinde ne olursa olsun, as&#305;l soru durdu&#287;u yerde duracak. Benim <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/137168639/ronesans-kureyi-kaplarken-her-yer-k&amp;#305;m&amp;#305;ldayacak">ROGUE</a> dedi&#287;im, yeni &#231;ok kutuplu d&#252;nyada, Avrupa gelece&#287;ini k&#305;tasal bir i&#351;birli&#287;iyle mi yoksa k&#305;tasal bir &#231;at&#305;&#351;mayla m&#305; &#351;ekillendirecek? Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n ikinci bir r&#246;nesans m&#305; yoksa ikinci ve belki nihai bir &#231;&#246;k&#252;&#351; m&#252; ya&#351;ayaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; bu tercih belirleyecek.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>21 Haziran k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=32.56TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png" width="1074" height="204" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:204,&quot;width&quot;:1074,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38929,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/205982758?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C5Kr!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8c7430-f82f-44d2-b9bb-83b75b0cf083_1074x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g9Ep!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g9Ep!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g9Ep!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g9Ep!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g9Ep!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g9Ep!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g9Ep!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g9Ep!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g9Ep!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56f10bb0-01fa-41e9-b8ce-d83b822ede66_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F45217bd9-1ee0-45b0-8239-0376b6604cd0_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  Kurdaki de&#287;er kayb&#305;n&#305;n her zaman enflasyon oran&#305;n&#305;n biraz &#252;zerinde seyretmesi beklenir. Bu grafi&#287;i s&#252;rd&#252;rmenin tek yolu &#252;lkeye d&#252;zenli d&#246;viz giri&#351;i olmas&#305;d&#305;r; ancak hesaplarda b&#246;yle bir girdi g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.  Kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k bir mesele.</p><h3>Maa&#351;lar</h3><p>1 Temmuz 2026 itibar&#305;yla Avustralya&#8217;da ulusal asgari &#252;cret saat ba&#351;&#305;na 26,44 Avustralya dolar&#305;na y&#252;kseltildi. Bu rakam, ayda 160 saat &#231;al&#305;&#351;an bir ki&#351;i i&#231;in yakla&#351;&#305;k 4.230 Avustralya dolarl&#305;k ayl&#305;k gelire kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k geliyor.</p><p>Ancak ulusal asgari &#252;cret, Avustralyal&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yaln&#305;zca k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252; do&#287;rudan ilgilendiriyor. As&#305;l &#246;nemli olan, &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %21&#8217;ini kapsayan <strong>modern award</strong> &#252;cret sistemleri. Bu sistemlerdeki en d&#252;&#351;&#252;k &#252;cret kademeleri ulusal asgari &#252;cretin biraz &#252;st&#252;nde oluyor.</p><p>Buna k&#305;yasla, T&#252;rkiye'deki asgari &#252;cret ayda 26.000 TRY. Mevcut d&#246;viz kuruna g&#246;re bu, ayda 1018A$'a denk geliyor.</p><p>Kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m veri taban&#305; ve yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">github&#8217;dan</a> indirebilirsiniz isterseniz.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/kac-yasnda-oleceksiniz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNDg1MDEzLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNDc4MTEyMTgsImlhdCI6MTcyNTQ0NzE2NSwiZXhwIjoxNzI4MDM5MTY1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItODE2NDAzIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.gflOC_lXLtSydu2NC1z9webyHNGGRO7rOIQkTHFBQWc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;cretsizdir. Rahat rahat payla&#351;&#305;n daha fazla okunsun.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/avrupa-icin-son-sans?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/avrupa-icin-son-sans?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Sayfan&#305;n sonuna geldiniz. Abone olun ki gelecek sayfalar otomatikman e-posta adresinize gelsin. Abonelik &#252;cretsiz. Manevi destek olal&#305;m derseniz yorum yap&#305;n ve sayfam&#305; payla&#351;&#305;n. Abone olmaktan korkmay&#305;n, her zaman tek d&#252;&#287;meye t&#305;klay&#305;p &#231;&#305;kabilirsiniz.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>&#304;statistik</strong></h2><p>Abone say&#305;s&#305; : 503</p><p>Takip&#231;i say&#305;s&#305; : 690</p><p>Telif hakk&#305; yoktur. &#304;stedi&#287;iniz gibi kopyalay&#305;n da&#287;&#305;t&#305;n par&#231;alay&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Ankara Summit and Europe’s Second Chance]]></title><description><![CDATA[Europe has been given a second chance. Will it seize it&#8212;or squander it?]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/the-ankara-summit-and-europes-second</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/the-ankara-summit-and-europes-second</guid><pubDate>Tue, 07 Jul 2026 11:40:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kUl7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ea16c6b-de92-46c0-964e-63fb5965320c_864x486.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/the-ankara-summit-and-europes-second?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/the-ankara-summit-and-europes-second?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Europe Creates the Modern World</h2><p>The fossil record indicates that the earliest human ancestors diverged from the chimpanzee lineage 7 million years ago. Homo Sapiens appeared  300,000 years ago.  For almost 290,000 years, humans lived as hunter-gatherers. Although language, art and increasingly sophisticated tools emerged during this period, economic productivity changed only slowly.  About 12000 years ago, agriculture emerged.  One of the earliest pieces of evidence comes from the region around G&#246;bekli Tepe in southeastern T&#252;rkiye, where some of the earliest evidence for wheat cultivation and domestication has been found.  Agriculture produced an economic surplus and gave people time to specialise in other activities like developing new technologies.  But the rate was very slow.  If a farmer from G&#246;bekli Tepe around 10,000 BC could travel to the countryside around Edessa (present-day &#350;anl&#305;urfa) in 1000 CE, he would marvel at the metal tools and larger villages, yet the basic rhythm of farming would still be familiar.  Then, during the second millennium CE, history accelerated. A relatively small peninsula extending westward from the Eurasian landmass began changing the world.  Through the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the Scientific Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, Europe became the world&#8217;s technological, eceonomic, and military centre.</p><h2>Europe Destroys Itself</h2><p>For centuries Europe&#8217;s greatest strength and greatest weakness were the same: its political fragmentation. Unlike the large empires of China, India or the Ottoman Empire, Europe consisted of dozens of competing states. This competition encouraged innovation, commerce and scientific progress, but it also produced almost continuous warfare.</p><p>The Peace of Westphalia established a more stable European state system, yet rivalry among the great powers never disappeared. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Europe stood at the height of its global influence, controlling much of the world&#8217;s trade and colonial empires.</p><p>Then came the catastrophe. Whatever the immediate causes of the First World War, its consequences are beyond dispute. Tens of millions of Europeans were killed or wounded, several empires disappeared, and the continent exhausted much of its economic and political strength.</p><p>Europe might still have recovered its former position. Instead, barely twenty years later, it descended into the even greater catastrophe of the Second World War. By 1945, much of Europe lay in ruins. Britain and France emerged victorious but financially exhausted. Germany was divided and occupied. The Soviet Union dominated Eastern Europe. Western Europe survived only because the United States possessed the economic strength to rebuild it and the military power to defend it.   </p><h2>The American Century</h2><p>It took three hundred years for Europe to build its global predominance and thirty years to lose it.  After 1945, the victors initially hoped to construct a stable post-war order but could not overcome their mutual suspicion.  We ended up with a bipolar world with two competing superpowers and two competing ideologies: the capitalist USA and the socialist USSR.  Western Europe was rebuilt with Marshall Plan assistance, under the protection of NATO and the American nuclear umbrella.  In return for Marshall Plan assistance and American protection, Western Europe accepted a junior role within a US-led international order.  Eastern Europe and eastern Germany fell within the Soviet sphere of influence.  Over time, however, the Soviet model proved less innovative than the Western capitalist economies.</p><p>The Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991. The bipolar world disappeared with it. For the first time since the rise of Europe, a single nation stood above all others. The United States emerged as the world&#8217;s sole superpower. Many in the West believed this new order would endure indefinitely. Some observers even proclaimed &#8220;the end of history,&#8221; believing that no viable alternative to the Western liberal order remained. </p><p>The unipolar moment, however,  proved remarkably short-lived.</p><h2>The Second Chance</h2><p>The security provided by the United States after 1945 created an international trading system unlike anything in history. Open sea lanes, relatively stable financial institutions and expanding markets allowed companies to organise production on a global scale. This benefited the United States enormously, but it also enabled others to industrialise. Countries that did not bear the full cost of maintaining the international order nevertheless benefited from it. Starting from a lower industrial base, they often grew faster than the United States itself. </p><p>As Thomas L. Friedman famously put it, &#8220;The World Became Flat,&#8221;  highlighting how barriers to economic growth had been dramatically reduced.   On an unprecedented trajectory, China grew to be an economic peer of the United States.  Russia recovered enough to re-emerge as a major military power. </p><p>The unipolar era gradually gave way to a more multipolar international system, characterised by the rise of China, the military resurgence of Russia and the growing influence of regional powers such as India and T&#252;rkiye. The United States is no longer able to dominate every region simultaneously.  </p><p>History does not tell us what Europe should do. At this point I depart from the mainstream view.</p><p>My own view is that Europe&#8217;s long-term geopolitical interests would be better served by a strategic accommodation with Russia than by a prolonged confrontation. Without its former overseas empires, Europe lacks the demographic and resource base to compete indefinitely against both Russia and China. </p><p>Europe possesses advanced technology, sophisticated capital markets and highly educated labour. Russia possesses enormous energy reserves, minerals, agricultural land and strategic depth. Together they would form one of the world&#8217;s largest integrated economic spaces stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific. That possibility fascinated statesmen such as Charles de Gaulle long before the Cold War ended. He wished as early as 1959 for the grip of the United States and the Soviet Union on Europe to loosen and  Europe to transform itself to a free alliance of European nations.  His vision was &#8220;Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals.&#8221;  The Soviet Union, as a European power, would be included in this process, but the United States would be treated essentially as an outsider. De Gaulle was not a lone voice and Europe took significant steps towards peaceful co-existence and cooperation with Russia as reflected in the spirit of the Helsinki Accords.</p><p>Why did this rapprochement between Europe and Russia end so soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union? There are sharply different answers to that question. This post is already long enough without attempting to resolve that debate. Regardless of where one assigns responsibility, a prolonged confrontation will leave both Europe and Russia poorer and strategically weaker.</p><p>Up until recently, it still was not too late and Europe could still have a change of course.  The NATO Ankara Summit, for example, could have been an inflection point.  The summit could have been used by the European nations to start seeking a road to European peace.  Unfortunately, that does not appear to be the direction Europe has chosen.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kUl7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ea16c6b-de92-46c0-964e-63fb5965320c_864x486.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kUl7!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ea16c6b-de92-46c0-964e-63fb5965320c_864x486.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kUl7!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ea16c6b-de92-46c0-964e-63fb5965320c_864x486.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Whether the decisions taken in Ankara prove consequential or not, the larger question will remain. In an emerging multipolar world, will Europe define its future through continental cooperation or continental confrontation? That choice&#8212;not any single summit&#8212;may determine whether Europe experiences a second renaissance or a second decline.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=32.56TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png" width="1074" height="204" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:204,&quot;width&quot;:1074,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39091,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/205030762?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D_7I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04368b1c-3c08-4833-8268-420283387bd1_1074x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:790,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38168,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/205030762?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bsWM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208a21dd-8782-4599-be7b-2fd56f69ffd9_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:790,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:70131,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/205030762?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-nZS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fea1bd6-19d5-458c-832c-94af24c54579_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian national minimum wage increased to A$26.44 per hour on 1 July 2026. This corresponds to approximately A$4,230 per month based on a 160-hour working month. However, the national minimum wage applies to only a small proportion of Australian workers. More important are the modern award wages, which cover around 21% of all employees. The lowest award classifications are closely aligned with the national minimum wage and, in many cases, are slightly higher. As a result, changes to award wages generally have a much greater impact on Australian workers than changes to the national minimum wage itself.</p><p>The 2026 minimum wage in Turkey is 33,000 TRY per month (before tax). In contrast to Australia, where only a small minority of workers receive the statutory minimum wage, the Turkish minimum wage serves as a benchmark for a large share of the labour market. It is therefore both an economic indicator and a major political issue.</p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  Leave comments and share if you want to show an appreciation of my work. You can unsubscribe anytime you want. Your email will not be used for any other purpose.  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Please continue your shares and mentions.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Uzak Güneşlerin Tanrıları]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#304;nsanl&#305;&#287;&#305;n geli&#351;tirdi&#287;i Tanr&#305; kavramlar&#305; ke&#351;ifi devam eden b&#252;y&#252;k evrene yetecek mi?]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/uzak-guneslerin-tanrlar</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/uzak-guneslerin-tanrlar</guid><pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 07:22:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Az4I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260628c1-13a2-4576-bc8c-06e1c66c85dc_1280x720.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. E-posta adresiniz kimse ile payla&#351;&#305;lmayacak</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#304;ngilizce&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school"><span>&#304;ngilizce</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/uzak-guneslerin-tanrlar?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/uzak-guneslerin-tanrlar?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>M&#252;minler &#351;u soruya nas&#305;l cevap verirsiniz: &#304;nand&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;z Tanr&#305; sadece d&#252;nyadan m&#305; sorumlu t&#252;m alemlerin t&#252;m evrenin de mi Tanr&#305;s&#305;?  Kutsal kitaplar ikincisi diyor ama yine de cevap vermeden &#246;nce bir d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;n.  Ondan sonra bu yaz&#305;y&#305; okuyun. Bir dinsel inanc&#305;n&#305;z yoksa da ilginizi &#231;ekece&#287;ini umuyorum.</p><p>Eski Ahit&#8217;in ilk kitab&#305; olan Tekvin (Yarat&#305;l&#305;&#351;) &#351;u s&#246;zlerle ba&#351;lar:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;ta Tanr&#305; g&#246;kleri ve yeri yaratt&#305;.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>Kur&#8217;anda da benzer &#351;ekilde, Allah t&#252;m varolu&#351;un yarat&#305;c&#305;s&#305; olarak g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;r:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;&#194;lemlerin Rabbi Allah&#8217;a hamdolsun.&#8221; (F&#226;tiha, 1:2)</p></blockquote><p>Do&#287;u dinlerinde genellikle tek bir yarat&#305;c&#305; Tanr&#305; yok.  Ama onlarda da ilah&#238; birimlere dair tasavvur yine yerel de&#287;il, kozmik yap&#305;l&#305;yor hep. Bhagavad Gita&#8217;da Kri&#351;na kendisini evrensel ifadelerle tan&#305;mlar mesela:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Ben b&#252;t&#252;n maddi ve manevi &#226;lemlerin kayna&#287;&#305;y&#305;m. Her &#351;ey benden yay&#305;l&#305;r gelir.&#8221; (Bhagavad Gita 10.8)</p></blockquote><p>Bu ifadeler yaz&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;nda, insanl&#305;&#287;&#305;n evrene dair bilgisi D&#252;nya, G&#252;ne&#351;, Ay ve g&#246;ky&#252;z&#252;ndeki birka&#231; y&#305;ld&#305;zla s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; idi. Buna ra&#287;men, belki de bundan dolay&#305;,  t&#252;m bu &#246;nermeler yerelin &#246;tesinde t&#252;m evreni kapsayan iddialar.</p><p>Bug&#252;n o evrenin &#231;ok daha geni&#351;, hatta muhayyilemize s&#305;&#287;maz b&#252;y&#252;kl&#252;kte oldu&#287;unu biliyoruz. B&#252;y&#252;k evren kendi ba&#351;&#305;na dinler a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan bir sorun de&#287;il. E&#287;er  evrendeki tek zeki t&#252;r insanl&#305;k ise Tanr&#305;m&#305;z&#305; ba&#351;ka kimseyle payla&#351;mak zorunda de&#287;iliz.  S&#305;k&#305;nt&#305; yok.</p><p>Ama &#199;ukur dizisinden sonra bir ara dilimize pelesenk oldu&#287;u gibi s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305; yoksa s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305; var demektir.  Kendi ba&#351;&#305;m&#305;za kendi tanr&#305;m&#305;zla s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305;z ya&#351;arken, evrenin zeki yarat&#305;klarla dolu oldu&#287;unu fark etti&#287;imizde durum de&#287;i&#351;ir.</p><p><a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/kuslar-ve-evrendeki-diger-akll-yaratklar">Ocak 2026&#8217;da g&#246;zlemlenebilir evrende zeki t&#252;rleri bar&#305;nd&#305;ran gezegenlerin say&#305;s&#305;n&#305; tahmin etmeye &#231;al&#305;&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;m</a>. Okumam&#305;&#351;san&#305;z, bence t&#305;klay&#305;p bir g&#246;z gezdirin.  Yapt&#305;&#287;&#305;m tahminin belli bir mant&#305;&#287;&#305; var.  Sonu&#231; olarak yakla&#351;&#305;k 7,5 &#215; 10&#178;&#178;, yani yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon ba&#351;ka y&#305;ld&#305;zlarda ya&#351;ayan zeki canl&#305; t&#252;r&#252; var demi&#351;tim. Bu say&#305; o kadar b&#252;y&#252;k ki, bir perspektif sa&#287;lar belki diye B&#252;y&#252;k Sahra &#199;&#246;l&#252;&#8217;ndeki kum tanelerinin say&#305;s&#305; ile kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rd&#305;m.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Az4I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260628c1-13a2-4576-bc8c-06e1c66c85dc_1280x720.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Az4I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260628c1-13a2-4576-bc8c-06e1c66c85dc_1280x720.png 424w, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260628c1-13a2-4576-bc8c-06e1c66c85dc_1280x720.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Az4I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260628c1-13a2-4576-bc8c-06e1c66c85dc_1280x720.png" width="1280" height="720" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260628c1-13a2-4576-bc8c-06e1c66c85dc_1280x720.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Az4I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260628c1-13a2-4576-bc8c-06e1c66c85dc_1280x720.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Az4I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260628c1-13a2-4576-bc8c-06e1c66c85dc_1280x720.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Az4I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260628c1-13a2-4576-bc8c-06e1c66c85dc_1280x720.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu say&#305; &#252;zerine s&#246;ylenebilecek &#231;ok &#351;ey var. Bu yaz&#305;da ben b&#246;yle sekstilyonlarca ak&#305;ll&#305; medeniyetlerle birlikte evrende var olman&#305;n din&#238; sonu&#231;lar&#305; &#252;zerine fikir y&#252;r&#252;tmek istiyorum.</p><h2>&#304;mtiyazs&#305;z s&#305;n&#305;fs&#305;z kayna&#351;m&#305;&#351; bir evren?</h2><p>Evrendeki her zeki t&#252;r&#252;n bildi&#287;imiz yegane Tanr&#305; ya da herhangi bir tanr&#305; taraf&#305;ndan ziyaret edildi&#287;ini varsayaca&#287;&#305;m. Yani, t&#252;rler aras&#305;nda ayr&#305;m yap&#305;lmaz diyorum.  Bunun aksini savunmak, g&#246;zlemlenebilir evrende var olabilecek yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon zeki uygarl&#305;k aras&#305;nda sadece ve sadece insanl&#305;&#287;a e&#351;siz ve ayr&#305;cal&#305;kl&#305; bir konum atfetmek olur.</p><p>&#304;nsanl&#305;&#287;a ayr&#305; bir imtiyaz tan&#305;nabilir tabii. Pek &#231;ok din&#238; gelenek zaten (belki ba&#351;ka canl&#305; t&#252;r tan&#305;mad&#305;klar&#305; i&#231;in) insanl&#305;&#287;&#305; &#246;zel g&#246;r&#252;r. Ancak say&#305;s&#305;z zeki t&#252;r&#252;n bulundu&#287;u bir evrende ilah&#238; vahyin yaln&#305;zca bir kez, s&#305;radan bir y&#305;ld&#305;z&#305;n etraf&#305;nda d&#246;nen tek bir gezegende vuku buldu&#287;una inanmak bana zor geliyor.</p><p>E&#287;er ilah&#238; vahiy yayg&#305;nsa daha derin bir soru ortaya &#231;&#305;kar. Y&#305;ld&#305;zlararas&#305; uygarl&#305;klar farkl&#305; isimlerle ve farkl&#305; s&#246;ylemler arac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla hep ayn&#305; Tanr&#305; ile mi kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;&#305;yor? Yoksa her birinin inand&#305;&#287;&#305; farkl&#305; tanr&#305;lar m&#305; var?</p><p><strong>Yani soru asl&#305;nda &#351;u: tek ve evrensel bir Tanr&#305; m&#305; var, yoksa b&#252;t&#252;n tanr&#305;lar kendi gezegenlerine m&#252;nhas&#305;r yerel tanr&#305;lar m&#305;?</strong></p><p>&#220;zerinde biraz d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;nce, birinci ihtimalde ciddi sorunlar g&#246;r&#252;yorum.</p><h2>Alemin tek Tanr&#305;s&#305;</h2><p>G&#246;zlemleyebildi&#287;imiz evrenin &#231;ap&#305; 93 milyar &#305;&#351;&#305;k y&#305;l&#305;.  Onun &#246;tesinde belki sonsuza kadar uzan&#305;yor.  G&#246;remedi&#287;imizi yok sayal&#305;m, alemin sadece g&#246;zlemleyebildi&#287;imiz k&#305;sm&#305;ndaki verilere dayanarak say&#305;s&#305;n&#305; hesaplad&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon y&#305;ld&#305;z uygarl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; tek bir irade g&#246;zetebilir mi?  Yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyonun ne kadar b&#252;y&#252;k bir say&#305; oldu&#287;unu yukar&#305;da B&#252;y&#252;k Sahra &#231;&#246;l&#252;ndeki kum taneleri ile k&#305;yaslayarak tarife &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;m.  Bir insan&#305;n havsalas&#305;n&#305;n alaca&#287;&#305; bir rakam de&#287;il.  Tanr&#305; her &#351;eye kadirdir tabii ama yine de orada da sorunlar var sanki. Biraz irdeleyelim.</p><h3>Saat&#231;i Tanr&#305;</h3><p>Belki de Yarat&#305;c&#305; evreni tasarlad&#305;, var etti ve ard&#305;ndan bir saat&#231;inin yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; saati kurmas&#305; gibi kurdu &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;rd&#305;, ondan sonra da kendi i&#351;leyi&#351;ine b&#305;rakt&#305;.  R&#246;nesans ve Ayd&#305;nlanma d&#246;nemlerinde Voltaire, Thomas Paine ve benzeri d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;rler aras&#305;nda yayg&#305;nla&#351;m&#305;&#351; bir kanaatti bu.</p><p>Evrenin k&#246;kenine ili&#351;kin g&#252;ncel bilimsel g&#246;r&#252;&#351; birli&#287;inden ba&#351;layarak &#351;&#246;yle ifade edebiliriz bu anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;:</p><ul><li><p>Evren ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;ta &#231;ok s&#305;cak ve &#231;ok yo&#287;undu (Big Bang).</p></li><li><p>Geni&#351;ledik&#231;e so&#287;udu; &#246;nce temel par&#231;ac&#305;klar, sonra atomlar, ard&#305;ndan y&#305;ld&#305;zlar ve nihayet galaksiler olu&#351;tu.</p></li><li><p>Bu galaksilerdeki y&#305;ld&#305;zlar&#305;n &#231;evresindeki ya&#351;anabilir gezegenlerde yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon zeki uygarl&#305;k evrimle&#351;ti.</p></li></ul><p>Saat&#231;i Tanr&#305;, i&#351;te evreni ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;ta Big Bang noktas&#305;na koyup b&#305;rak&#305;yor.   O zamandan beri arada bir g&#246;zlemliyor olabilir, ama m&#252;dahale etmiyor.</p><p>Peki motivasyonu ne olabilir? Tanr&#305;lar&#305;n motivasyonu insanlar&#305;nkinden muhakkak farkl&#305;d&#305;r ama yine de sebepsiz bir i&#351; yapmazlar diye kabul ediyorum.</p><p>Belki de evren bir deneydir. Bilgi yok olmaz biliyoruz. Kainat &#246;mr&#252;n&#252; tamamlad&#305;&#287;&#305;nda Yarat&#305;c&#305; b&#252;t&#252;n verileri derleyip toplay&#305;p inceleyecek ve bir yenisini daha iyisini yapacakt&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg" width="1456" height="661" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Augustinus&#8217;un Tanr&#305;s&#305;</h3><p>Hippo&#8217;lu Augustinus i&#231;in yarat&#305;l&#305;&#351;, saati kurup uzakla&#351;mak gibi de&#287;ildi. Ona g&#246;re evren yoktan yarat&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; i&#231;in, kendi h&#226;line b&#305;rak&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;nda,  yeniden yoklu&#287;a d&#246;nerdi. Evren ancak Tanr&#305; onu s&#252;rekli varl&#305;kta tuttu&#287;u i&#231;in var olmaya devam edebilirdi. Tanr&#305; evrenin var olmas&#305;n&#305; iradesini &#231;ekse, evren de var olmaktan &#231;&#305;kard&#305;.</p><p>Tek bir d&#252;nyada ya&#351;ayan tek bir zeki t&#252;r, insanl&#305;k, i&#231;in bile zorluklar&#305; olan bir d&#252;&#351;&#252;nce. Augustinus&#8217;un g&#246;r&#252;&#351;leri tart&#305;&#351;&#305;lmaya devam ediyor.</p><p>Yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon uygarl&#305;&#287;&#305;n her birinde ya&#351;ayan milyarlarca bireyin hayat&#305;na y&#246;n veren tek bir Tanr&#305;&#8217;y&#305; hayal etmek bile zor.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Yarat&#305;l&#305;&#351; benzersiz oldu&#287;unda anlam&#305;n&#305; kendi i&#231;inde ta&#351;&#305;r. Yarat&#305;l&#305;&#351; yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon kez tekrarland&#305;&#287;&#305;nda ilave bir a&#231;&#305;klama gerekir.</p></div><p>Benim temel itiraz&#305;m ilah&#238; kudret eksikli&#287;i de&#287;il. Bu t&#252;r bir tart&#305;&#351;mada Tanr&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n sonsuz derecede muktedir oldu&#287;unu varsaymak zorunday&#305;m. As&#305;l soru motivasyon, belki de ama&#231; sorusu. Neden yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon zeki uygarl&#305;k laz&#305;md&#305;? Bu bollu&#287;un anlam&#305; nedir?</p><h3>&#304;lahi Network</h3><p>Yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon y&#305;ld&#305;z medeniyetlerinin her birine farkl&#305; ve hususi vas&#305;f veren  ba&#351;ka bir olas&#305;l&#305;k var asl&#305;nda. Onu da kutsal kitaplardan yola &#231;&#305;karak a&#231;&#305;klamaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;ay&#305;m.  Tekvin Kitab&#305;&#8217;na g&#246;re Tanr&#305; &#351;&#246;yle demi&#351;tir:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;&#304;nsan&#305; kendi suretimizde, kendimize benzer yaratt&#305;k...&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>Belki de Tanr&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n sureti hi&#231;bir zeki t&#252;rde b&#252;t&#252;n&#252;yle yans&#305;t&#305;lamaz. Belki her y&#305;ld&#305;z uygarl&#305;&#287;&#305; ilah&#238; do&#287;an&#305;n yaln&#305;zca bir k&#305;sm&#305;n&#305; yans&#305;tabilir &#231;&#252;nk&#252; Tanr&#305; sonsuzdur.</p><p>Belki de yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon uygarl&#305;&#287;&#305;n her biri Tanr&#305;n&#305;n sonsuz say&#305;daki niteliklerinin farkl&#305; farkl&#305; alt k&#252;melerini yans&#305;tmaktad&#305;r. E&#287;er durum buysa, her uygarl&#305;k &#8212; insanl&#305;k d&#226;hil &#8212; kozmik bir portrenin yaln&#305;zca tek bir pikselidir ve Tanr&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n kapsaml&#305; ve teferruatl&#305; yans&#305;mas&#305;n&#305; ancak evrenin b&#252;t&#252;n&#252; sunabilir.</p><p>Bu yakla&#351;&#305;mda Tanr&#305;, evrene da&#287;&#305;lm&#305;&#351; bir zek&#226;ya benzer. E&#287;er Tanr&#305; sonsuzsa hi&#231;bir t&#252;r onun b&#252;t&#252;n suretini yans&#305;tamaz. Hepimiz devasa bir kozmik a&#287;&#305;n d&#252;&#287;&#252;m noktalar&#305; gibi oluruz ve her birimiz ilah&#238; zihnin farkl&#305; bir y&#246;n&#252;n&#252; i&#351;leriz.</p><h3>Din&#238; Fermi Paradoksu</h3><p>E&#287;er b&#252;t&#252;n evren i&#231;in tek bir Tanr&#305; varsa ve bu Tanr&#305; Augustinus&#8217;un tasavvur etti&#287;i gibi m&#252;dahaleci bir Tanr&#305;ysa, di&#287;er y&#305;ld&#305;z uygarl&#305;klar&#305;n&#305;n deneyimlerinden &#231;&#305;kar&#305;lan dersleri payla&#351;mas&#305; kullar&#305; i&#231;in faydal&#305; olmaz m&#305;yd&#305;?</p><p>Bu dersler muhtemelen haber b&#252;lteni gibi de&#287;il; k&#305;ssalar, mucizevi vizyonlar veya vahiyler &#351;eklinde gelirdi.  Tanr&#305; neden farkl&#305; y&#305;ld&#305;zlar&#305;n &#305;&#351;&#305;&#287;&#305;nda geli&#351;en m&#252;ridleri aras&#305;na a&#351;&#305;lmaz duvarlar &#246;rs&#252;n?</p><p>Enrico Fermi &#351;u soruyu sormu&#351;tu: <strong>E&#287;er ya&#351;am yayg&#305;nsa evren neden sessiz?</strong></p><p>Teoloji a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan daha &#246;nemli soru &#351;udur:</p><p><strong>E&#287;er Tanr&#305; kozmik kullar&#305;n&#305; aktif olarak y&#246;netiyorsa neden onlar aras&#305;nda hi&#231;bir ruhani &#231;apraz ileti&#351;im yok?</strong></p><h2>Tanr&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n Adresi</h2><p>Tanr&#305; nerededir?</p><p>Sadece insanl&#305;&#287;a ait bir Tanr&#305;&#8217;dan s&#246;z etti&#287;imizde ve &#252;zerimizde sonsuza uzanan a&#231;&#305;k g&#246;ky&#252;z&#252; bulundu&#287;unda cevap muhtemelen &#8220;oralarda bir yerde&#8221; olurdu.</p><p>Ancak ayn&#305; Tanr&#305;&#8217;ya inanan yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon zeki yarat&#305;k t&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n bulundu&#287;u hemen hemen sonsuz  evrende bu cevap yeterli de&#287;ildir.</p><p>&#214;zellikle saati kurup &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;rd&#305;ktan sonra uzakla&#351;an Saat&#231;i Tanr&#305; i&#231;in, adres sorusu daha ge&#231;erli.  Nereye uzakla&#351;t&#305; acaba?</p><p>Bir &#246;nceki b&#246;l&#252;mde s&#246;z&#252;n&#252; etti&#287;im evrene da&#287;&#305;lm&#305;&#351; kozmik zek&#226; modeli i&#231;in ise ayr&#305; bir mek&#226;n aramaya gerek yok &#231;&#252;nk&#252;, bu modelde Tanr&#305; evrenden ayr&#305; de&#287;ildir.</p><h2>Yerel Tanr&#305;lar &#8212; Kozmik Panteonlar&#305;n D&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;?</h2><p>Bir ba&#351;ka olas&#305;l&#305;k da farkl&#305; y&#305;ld&#305;z uygarl&#305;klar&#305;n&#305;n her biri i&#231;in farkl&#305; tanr&#305;lar&#305;n var olmas&#305;d&#305;r.</p><p>Bu tanr&#305;lar&#305;n kudret alanlar&#305; kendi y&#305;ld&#305;z sistemleriyle s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; olabilir. Belki &#305;&#351;&#305;k h&#305;z&#305;n&#305;n s&#305;n&#305;r&#305; onlar i&#231;in de ge&#231;erlidir ve farkl&#305; sistemlerin tanr&#305;lar&#305; aras&#305;nda anlaml&#305; bir ileti&#351;im yoktur.</p><p>E&#287;er durum buysa, her tanr&#305; kendi sistemindeki tek mutlak g&#252;&#231; olur. O zaman D&#252;nya&#8217;daki d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;rlerin tanr&#305;lar ve ilah&#238; meseleler hakk&#305;nda geli&#351;tirdi&#287;i anlat&#305;lar muhtemelen di&#287;er t&#252;rler i&#231;in de ge&#231;erli olur.</p><h2>Sonu&#231;</h2><p>Bu yaz&#305;y&#305;, yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon zeki gezegen i&#231;erebilecek yar&#305; sonsuz bir evrenin, D&#252;nya adl&#305; tek bir gezegende ya&#351;ayan tek bir t&#252;r &#8212; insanl&#305;k &#8212; i&#231;in geli&#351;tirilmi&#351; teolojik kavramlarla a&#231;&#305;klanamayaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;stermek i&#231;in yazd&#305;m.</p><p>&#304;nsanl&#305;k tarihinin b&#252;y&#252;k b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;nde teoloji, tek bir d&#252;nyada ya&#351;ayan tek bir zeki t&#252;rle ilgilendi.</p><p>E&#287;er evren yetmi&#351; be&#351; sekstilyon zeki uygarl&#305;k i&#231;eriyorsa, bu varsay&#305;m art&#305;k yeterli olmayabilir.</p><p><strong>Art&#305;k soru Tanr&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n var olup olmad&#305;&#287;&#305; de&#287;il.</strong></p><p><strong>Soru, Tanr&#305; anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;m&#305;z&#305;n ke&#351;fetti&#287;imiz evren i&#231;in yeterince b&#252;y&#252;k olup olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;</strong></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>21 Haziran k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=32.57TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png" width="1066" height="204" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:204,&quot;width&quot;:1066,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39061,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/203230011?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J5MR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f95721-3258-483e-b8a5-419a9eb22dd6_1066x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H2sy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F996df45c-a120-4d55-a518-dd915ec28b82_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H2sy!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F996df45c-a120-4d55-a518-dd915ec28b82_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H2sy!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  Kurdaki de&#287;er kayb&#305;n&#305;n her zaman enflasyon oran&#305;n&#305;n biraz &#252;zerinde seyretmesi beklenir. Bu grafi&#287;i s&#252;rd&#252;rmenin tek yolu &#252;lkeye d&#252;zenli d&#246;viz giri&#351;i olmas&#305;d&#305;r; ancak hesaplarda b&#246;yle bir girdi g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.  Kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k bir mesele.</p><h3>Maa&#351;lar</h3><p>1 Temmuz 2026 itibar&#305;yla Avustralya&#8217;da ulusal asgari &#252;cret saat ba&#351;&#305;na 26,44 Avustralya dolar&#305;na y&#252;kseltildi. Bu rakam, ayda 160 saat &#231;al&#305;&#351;an bir ki&#351;i i&#231;in yakla&#351;&#305;k 4.230 Avustralya dolarl&#305;k ayl&#305;k gelire kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k geliyor.</p><p>Ancak ulusal asgari &#252;cret, Avustralyal&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yaln&#305;zca k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252; do&#287;rudan ilgilendiriyor. As&#305;l &#246;nemli olan, &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %21&#8217;ini kapsayan <strong>modern award</strong> &#252;cret sistemleri. Bu sistemlerdeki en d&#252;&#351;&#252;k &#252;cret kademeleri ulusal asgari &#252;cretin biraz &#252;st&#252;nde oluyor.</p><p>Buna k&#305;yasla, T&#252;rkiye'deki asgari &#252;cret ayda 26.000 TRY. Mevcut d&#246;viz kuruna g&#246;re bu, ayda 1018A$'a denk geliyor.</p><p>Kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m veri taban&#305; ve yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">github&#8217;dan</a> indirebilirsiniz isterseniz.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/kac-yasnda-oleceksiniz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNDg1MDEzLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNDc4MTEyMTgsImlhdCI6MTcyNTQ0NzE2NSwiZXhwIjoxNzI4MDM5MTY1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItODE2NDAzIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.gflOC_lXLtSydu2NC1z9webyHNGGRO7rOIQkTHFBQWc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;cretsizdir. 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Abone olmaktan korkmay&#305;n, her zaman tek d&#252;&#287;meye t&#305;klay&#305;p &#231;&#305;kabilirsiniz.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>&#304;statistik</strong></h2><p>Abone say&#305;s&#305; : 498</p><p>Takip&#231;i say&#305;s&#305; : 684</p><p>Telif hakk&#305; yoktur. &#304;stedi&#287;iniz gibi kopyalay&#305;n da&#287;&#305;t&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Gods of Distant Suns]]></title><description><![CDATA[Is our conception of God large enough for the universe we have discovered?]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/gods-of-distant-suns</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/gods-of-distant-suns</guid><pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 08:23:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cT4I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe61d0014-6029-40e1-a53a-4584d88de2ed_965x540.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/gods-of-distant-suns?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/gods-of-distant-suns?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>Is our God also the God of the universe?</p><p>The first book of the Old Testament, The Book of Genesis begins with:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;In the beginning God created <strong>the heavens and the earth</strong>.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>The Qur&#8217;an likewise describes God as the creator of all existence and:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;All praise is due to <strong>Allah</strong>, <strong>Lord of the worlds</strong>.&#8221; (Qur&#8217;an, 1:2).</p></blockquote><p>The Eastern religions generally do not have a single creator God, but their conception of the divine is also cosmic rather than local. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna describes himself in universal terms:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;I am the source of all spiritual and material worlds. Everything emanates from Me.&#8221; (Bhagavad Gita 10.8)</p></blockquote><p>These statements are from a time when humanity&#8217;s view of the universe was limited to the Earth, the Sun, the Moon, and a scattering of stars. Yet all of them make claims that extend beyond the local world and encompass the cosmos as a whole.</p><p>Today we know that the universe is unimaginably large. This by itself is not a problem for religion. <strong>If humanity is the only intelligent species in existence, then there is nobody else with whom we must share our God</strong>.</p><p>The situation changes if intelligent life is common.</p><p><a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/birds-and-the-other-alien-intelligences">In January 2026,</a> I estimated the number of planets that support <strong>intelligent</strong> species in the observable universe.  The result was approximately 7.5 &#215; 10<sup>22</sup> or seventy-five sextillions. This is a number so large that it is comparable to my estimated number of grains of sand in the Great Sahara Desert<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cT4I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe61d0014-6029-40e1-a53a-4584d88de2ed_965x540.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cT4I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe61d0014-6029-40e1-a53a-4584d88de2ed_965x540.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cT4I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe61d0014-6029-40e1-a53a-4584d88de2ed_965x540.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cT4I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe61d0014-6029-40e1-a53a-4584d88de2ed_965x540.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cT4I!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe61d0014-6029-40e1-a53a-4584d88de2ed_965x540.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>There are many ways in which one can reflect on such a number.  In this article, I will reflect on the religious implications.</p><h2>No Species Bias</h2><p>For the purposes of this discussion, I will assume that every intelligent species has been visited by God, or by a god. The alternative would be to assign a unique and privileged status to humanity among the seventy-five sextillion intelligent civilizations that may exist in the observable universe.</p><p>This is not impossible. Many religious traditions already regard humanity as special. Yet I find it difficult to believe that, in a universe containing countless intelligent species, divine revelation occurred only once, on one planet orbiting one ordinary star.</p><p>If divine revelation is widespread, a deeper question emerges. Are all these civilizations encountering the same God, known by different names and understood through different cultures? Or do each have their own god?</p><p>The question then becomes whether there is one universal God or whether all gods are local.  </p><h2>The Universal God</h2><p>Can one single agency watch over seventy-five sextillion intelligent species distributed across the observable universe, which has a diameter of 93 billion light years? </p><h3>Clockmaker God</h3><p>Maybe the Creator designed the universe and then set it in motion like a clockmaker winding a clock.  He is not an intrusive God and lets things run its course.  This was a concept favoured during Scientific Revolution by such luminaries like Voltaire, Thomas Paine and others.</p><p>The scientific consensus on the origins if the universe is that</p><ul><li><p>The universe started from an extremely hot, dense state.</p></li><li><p>As it expanded, the universe cooled, allowing elementary particles, then atoms, and stars, and finally galaxies to form.</p></li><li><p>Seventy-five sextillion intelligent species evolved in the habitable planets orbiting the starts in these galaxies.</p></li></ul><p>The concept of a clockmaker God is perfectly appropriate for this narrative on the origins of the universe.  The God designed the laws of nature and released the universe from a densely wound initial state.  Since then, He may be observing but He does not interfere.</p><p>What would be his motivation?  Maybe it is an experiment.  The information is not destroyed and when the universe reaches its end the Creator compiles and reviews all data.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg" width="1456" height="661" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:661,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2163447,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/201387668?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gFK1!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10148fcc-f91f-4dc8-94ea-8d9d9ce463a7_3524x1599.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>God of Augustine</h3><p>For Augustine of Hippo, creation is not like winding up a clock and walking away. He believed that a universe left entirely to itself would return to nothingness, because it had been created out of nothingness. It continues to exist only because God continuously holds it in existence. If God ceased willing the universe to exist, it would simply cease to be.</p><p>This is a challenging notion even for a single intelligent species living on a single world. A providential God guiding the lives of billions of individuals living in each of the seventy-five sextillion intelligent civilisations is difficult to imagine.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>When the creation is unique, it is its own meaning. When the creation is repeated 75 sextillion times, one needs a different explanation.</p></div><p>My principal objection is not divine capability. In any discussion of this type, I must assume that God is infinitely capable. The question is motivation, or perhaps purpose. Why create seventy-five sextillion intelligent species? What is the meaning of such abundance?</p><h4>The Divine Network</h4><p>There is, however, another possibility. According to the Book of Genesis, God said:</p><p>&#8220;&#8216;Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness&#8230;&#8221;.</p><p>Perhaps the image of God is not fully reflected in any single intelligent species. Perhaps each civilisation reflects only part of the divine nature</p><p>An infinitely complex entity would possess an infinite number of atributes.  Maybe each of the 75 sextillion civilisations reflect a different subset of these attributes. In that case, each civilisation (including humanity) would be only one pixel in a cosmic portrait and only the universe as a whole would offer a comprehensive reflection of God.</p><p>In this formulation, God resembles an intelligence distributed across the universe. If God is infinite, no single species could mirror the whole image. We are all nodes in a vast cosmic network, each processing a different aspect of the divine mind.</p><h4>The Religious Fermi Paradox</h4><p>If there is one God for the entire universe and He is an interfering God as envisaged by Augustine of Hippo, wouldn&#8217;t He find it useful to offer lessons derived from the unique experiences of the other interstellar civilisations?  These lessons would probably not arrive as news reports, but perhaps as parables, visions, or revelations.  Why would God build impermeable walls between His different disciples from. different stars?</p><p>Enrico Fermi asked, if life is common, why is the universe silent? The question is more important for theology: If God is actively managing his cosmic flock, why is there no spiritual cross-talk?</p><h2>The Address of God</h2><p>Where does God live?  When talking of a God for humanity only, with open skies above us stretching out indefinitely, the answer probably would be&#8221;somewhere out there&#8221;.  This answer does not work in a near-infinite universe with 75 sextillion intelligent civilisations believing in the same God.  This is probably more a problem for a Clockmaker God who sets the clock, starts it and then leaves.  For a distributed cosmic intelligence mentioned in the previous secrtion, there is no need to look for a separate place.  God is inseparable from the universe.</p><h2>Local Gods - Return of the Cosmic Pantheons?</h2><p>Another possibility is the existence of different Gods for different intelligent civilisations. The omnipotence of such Gods would be limited to their local solar systems.  Maybe the speed of light limitation applies here and there is no meaningful communication between gods of different solar systems.  If this is true, then each God would be single all-powerful divine entiry in its System. The narratives developed by the Earth&#8217;s  thinkers in the past on Gods and Divine Questions would probably apply to all species.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>I wrote this only to demonstrate that  a semi-infinite universe with possibly 75 sextillion intelligent planets cannot be addressed by the theological concepts developed for a single species, humanity, living on one world, the Earth. </p><p>For most of human history, theology concerned itself with one intelligent species living on one world. If the universe contains seventy-five sextillion intelligent civilizations, that assumption may no longer be sufficient.</p><p>The question is no longer whether God exists.</p><p>The question is whether our conception of God is large enough for the universe we have discovered.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=32.57TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png" width="1066" height="204" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:204,&quot;width&quot;:1066,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39664,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/201387668?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Jmf!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e68dd34-b021-4e9f-abd4-ea58a4e53e5f_1066x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png" width="788" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:788,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39715,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/201387668?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oU0u!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68a2d4be-01de-4494-bfc2-34147e42ccb6_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png" width="786" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:786,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:69149,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/201387668?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fIjk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4edd6837-bed7-4de2-ad9e-09485bd71004_786x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian national minimum wage increased to A$26.44 per hour on 1 July 2026. This corresponds to approximately A$4,230 per month based on a 160-hour working month. However, the national minimum wage applies to only a small proportion of Australian workers. More important are the modern award wages, which cover around 21% of all employees. The lowest award classifications are closely aligned with the national minimum wage and, in many cases, are slightly higher. As a result, changes to award wages generally have a much greater impact on Australian workers than changes to the national minimum wage itself.</p><p>The 2026 minimum wage in Turkey is 33,000 TRY per month (before tax). In contrast to Australia, where only a small minority of workers receive the statutory minimum wage, the Turkish minimum wage serves as a benchmark for a large share of the labour market. It is therefore both an economic indicator and a major political issue.</p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  Leave comments and share if you want to show an appreciation of my work. You can unsubscribe anytime you want. Your email will not be used for any other purpose.  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Please continue your shares and mentions.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Total area of the Great Sahara is about 9 million km<sup>2</sup>.  About 25% of this is covered by sand.  Assuming an average sand depth of 50 m, an average sand grain diameter of 0.4 mm and a packing ratio of 60% one can estimate the number of sand particles to be around 750 sextillions.</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ISIS Gelinleri, Nükleer Denizaltılarımız, ve İstanbul'dan başına taze saç alanlar]]></title><description><![CDATA[Avustralyal&#305; kad&#305;nlar neden I&#350;&#304;D&#8217;e kat&#305;lmak i&#231;in Suriye&#8217;ye gitti? &#350;imdi geri d&#246;nd&#252;ler ve belki de bize s&#246;ylerler. Ayr&#305;ca d&#252;nyan&#305;n sa&#231; ekimi ba&#351;kenti ve ikinci el n&#252;kleer denizalt&#305;lar &#252;zerine.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/isis-gelinleri-nukleer-denizaltlarmz</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/isis-gelinleri-nukleer-denizaltlarmz</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:04:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. E-posta adresiniz kimse ile payla&#351;&#305;lmayacak</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#304;ngilizce&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school"><span>&#304;ngilizce</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/isis-gelinleri-nukleer-denizaltlarmz?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/isis-gelinleri-nukleer-denizaltlarmz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Bu sayfada:</p><ul><li><p>ISIS Gelinleri</p></li><li><p>Avustralya&#8217;n&#305;n n&#252;kleer denizalt&#305; sipari&#351;i?</p></li><li><p>T&#252;rkiye sa&#231; ekim sekt&#246;r&#252;</p></li><li><p>Mt Gravatt Pazar&#305;</p></li><li><p>Pascal Hagi</p></li><li><p>Avustralya T&#252;rkiye fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305;</p></li></ul><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>I&#350;&#304;D Gelinleri</h2><p>I&#350;&#304;D y&#252;kselirken k&#305;rk kadar Avustralyal&#305; kad&#305;n Suriye ve Irak&#8217;a giderek cihat&#231;&#305; sava&#351;&#231;&#305;larla evlendi. Kendinden menkul hilafet &#231;&#246;k&#252;nce, bu kad&#305;nlar&#305;n bir &#231;o&#287;u (ve &#231;ocuklar&#305;) K&#252;rt askerleri taraf&#305;ndan yakaland&#305; ve y&#305;llarca kamplarda tutuldu ama art&#305;k o kamplar kapand&#305; . May&#305;s 2026 itibar&#305;yla en az on yedi Avustralyal&#305; kad&#305;n ve onlarca &#231;ocuk Avustralya&#8217;ya geri d&#246;nm&#252;&#351; durumda.</p><p>Bu kad&#305;nlar &#231;ok farkl&#305; ge&#231;mi&#351;lerden geliyordu. Kimisi yeni g&#246;&#231;men aile &#231;ocu&#287;uydu, kimisi ise ikinci hatta &#252;&#231;&#252;nc&#252; ku&#351;ak Avustralyal&#305;. Baz&#305;lar&#305; dindar ailelerde yeti&#351;mi&#351;ti, baz&#305;lar&#305;ysa &#304;slam&#8217;la daha &#246;nce ciddi bir ba&#287; kurmam&#305;&#351; g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;yordu. Aralar&#305;ndaki bu &#231;e&#351;itlilik, yapt&#305;klar&#305; tercihi a&#231;&#305;klamay&#305; zorla&#351;t&#305;r&#305;yor.</p><p>Canberra onlar&#305;n geri d&#246;nmesini hi&#231;bir zaman istemedi. Ama bu kad&#305;nlar Avustralya vatanda&#351;&#305; olduklar&#305; i&#231;in &#252;lkeye d&#246;nmelerine h&#252;k&#252;met mani olamazd&#305;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">T&#252;rk k&#246;kenli &#252;&#231;&#252;nc&#252; ku&#351;ak Melbournelu Zehra Duman&#8217;&#305;n Twitter payla&#351;&#305;m&#305; (<a href="https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Till_Martyrdom_Do_Us_Part_Gender_and_the_ISIS_Phenomenon.pdf">ICSR raporu: &#8220;Till Martyrdom Do Us Apart&#8221;</a>)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Beni ilgilendiren &#351;ey I&#350;&#304;D&#8217;in k&#246;t&#252; bir &#246;rg&#252;t olup olmad&#305;&#287;&#305; mevzusu de&#287;il. Elbette k&#246;t&#252; ve azg&#305;n bir &#246;rg&#252;t.  &#304;slam ad&#305;na sivillere &#351;iddeti y&#252;celtirken, k&#246;leli&#287;i uygulamakta beis g&#246;rmeyen bir &#246;rg&#252;t.</p><p>As&#305;l ilgin&#231; soru bence &#351;u: &#304;nsanlar neden g&#252;venli ve m&#252;reffeh bir &#252;lkeyi geride b&#305;rak&#305;p hayatlar&#305;na anlam kataca&#287;&#305;n&#305; umduklar&#305; bir ama&#231; u&#287;runa uzak bir &#231;at&#305;&#351;man&#305;n pe&#351;inden gider? Kaba tabirle, acaba rahat m&#305; bat&#305;yor.</p><p>Medyadaki haberler genellikle kusuru bu kad&#305;nlar&#305;n ge&#231;mi&#351;lerinde ar&#305;yor: par&#231;alanm&#305;&#351; aileler, depresyon, sosyal yaln&#305;zl&#305;k ya da &#246;rg&#252;t taraf&#305;ndan manip&#252;le edilmi&#351; olmalar&#305; gibi muhtelif nedenler c&#305;mb&#305;zla &#231;ekilip bulunuyor. Oysa, benzer s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305; ya&#351;ayan milyonlarca insan var ama gidip bir cihat&#231;&#305; harekete kat&#305;lm&#305;yorlar.</p><p>Son y&#305;llarda baz&#305; Avustralyal&#305;lar Rus i&#351;galine kar&#351;&#305; sava&#351;mak i&#231;in Ukrayna&#8217;ya gitti. Daha &#246;nceki ku&#351;aklardan insanlar &#304;spanya &#304;&#231; Sava&#351;&#305;&#8217;nda Uluslararas&#305; Tugaylar&#8217;a kat&#305;ld&#305; ya da Yunan Ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;zl&#305;k Sava&#351;&#305;&#8217;n&#305; desteklemek i&#231;in yurt d&#305;&#351;&#305;na &#231;&#305;kt&#305;. Davalar birbirinden &#231;ok farkl&#305; olsa da tipleme tan&#305;d&#305;k: Uzak bir m&#252;cadeleyi daha b&#252;y&#252;k bir amac&#305;n sembol&#252; olarak g&#246;ren ve kendisini onun par&#231;as&#305; olmaya mecbur hisseden ki&#351;iler.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Sorulmas&#305; gereken soru onlar&#305;n I&#350;&#304;D&#8217;i sevme nedeni de&#287;il, Avustralya&#8217;da bulamad&#305;klar&#305; neyi arad&#305;klar&#305;.</strong></p></div><p>Cihat&#231;&#305; yay&#305;nlar haricinde, I&#350;&#304;D&#8217;e kat&#305;lan kad&#305;nlar hi&#231;bir zaman &#8220;romantik yabanc&#305; g&#246;n&#252;ll&#252;ler&#8221; tasvirine girmeyecek. Yine de, Sydney ya da Melbourne&#8217;dan &#231;&#305;kan bu gen&#231; kad&#305;nlar&#305;n Suriye&#8217;ye vah&#351;ete ortak olmak i&#231;in gittiklerine inanmakta zorlan&#305;yorum. Daha muhtemel olan, kendilerini b&#252;y&#252;k bir tarih&#238; projenin par&#231;as&#305; olarak g&#246;rmeleri ve daha iyi bir d&#252;nya kurmaya katk&#305;da bulunacaklar&#305;na inanarak yola &#231;&#305;kmalar&#305; bence.</p><p>Bu inan&#231; trajik &#246;l&#231;&#252;de yanl&#305;&#351;t&#305; ve bu feci hatay&#305; eminim &#351;imdi onlar da fark ediyor. Ama I&#350;&#304;D&#8217;i bu kad&#305;nlar i&#231;in &#231;ekici k&#305;lan &#351;eyin ne oldu&#287;unu anlamak, modern toplum hakk&#305;nda bize &#246;nemli ipu&#231;lar&#305; verebilir. Umar&#305;m ileride yay&#305;mlanacak biyografiler ve otobiyografiler, bug&#252;n medyada h&#226;kim olan kli&#351;elerin &#246;tesine ge&#231;erek bu motivasyonlar&#305; daha derinlikli bi&#231;imde ele al&#305;r.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Asl&#305;nda  &#304;stedi&#287;imiz AUKUS Bu Muydu?</h2><p>Scott Morrison 2021 y&#305;l&#305;nda Amerika Birle&#351;ik Devletleri&#8217;ne &#252;&#231; n&#252;kleer denizalt&#305; sipari&#351;i verdi. &#304;leride bu be&#351;e de &#231;&#305;kabilir kayd&#305; kondu.  Toplam maliyet 300 milyar dolar.  O tarihten bu yana gelen h&#252;k&#252;metler de bu anla&#351;maya ba&#287;l&#305; kald&#305;lar.</p><p>Ge&#231;en hafta &#246;&#287;rendik ki, Amerika&#8217;n&#305;n hem kendisi i&#231;in hem bizim i&#231;in denizalt&#305; &#252;retme kapasitesi art&#305;k kalmam&#305;&#351;. Bu y&#252;zden, Avustralya yeni de&#287;il ikinci el denizalt&#305; alabilirmi&#351; ancak. Avustralya Savunma Bakan&#305;, zaten bizim tercihimiz de yeni de&#287;il mevcut denizalt&#305;lard&#305; dedi.</p><p>Avustralya medyas&#305; dalga ge&#231;ti ama ben Bakan&#8217;a inan&#305;yorum.</p><p>Hatta Washington bir g&#252;n &#231;&#305;k&#305;p &#8220;kusura bakmay&#305;n, elimizde verecek denizalt&#305; kalmad&#305;&#8221; derse, ki diyebilir, Canberra daha da mutlu olur san&#305;yorum.</p><p>Ger&#231;ek &#351;u ki Avustralya&#8217;n&#305;n n&#252;kleer taarruz denizalt&#305;lar&#305;na kendi ba&#351;&#305;na ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z bir &#252;lke olarak ihtiyac&#305; pek yok. Denizalt&#305;lar, ABD zoruyla al&#305;n&#305;yor.  Bir &#231;at&#305;&#351;ma durumunda, Amerika&#8217;n&#305;n &#199;in&#8217;e giden deniz yollar&#305;n&#305; kontrol stratejisine destek olal&#305;m diye. Yani, denizalt&#305; sipari&#351;i vermekle &#351;imdiden olas&#305; bir &#231;at&#305;&#351;mada hangi safta olaca&#287;&#305;m&#305;z&#305; teyit etmi&#351; oluyoruz.  Halbuki &#199;in ile olan deniz yollar&#305;n&#305;n kapanmas&#305; bizim i&#351;imize gelmez.  &#199;in h&#226;l&#226; Avustralya&#8217;n&#305;n en b&#252;y&#252;k ticaret orta&#287;&#305; ve bu ticaretin b&#252;y&#252;k b&#246;l&#252;m&#252; s&#246;z konusu deniz yollar&#305; &#252;zerinden oluyor.</p><p>&#214;n&#252;m&#252;zdeki y&#305;llarda AUKUS&#8217;ta yeni de&#287;i&#351;iklikler g&#246;r&#252;rsek &#351;a&#351;&#305;rmam. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; anla&#351;man&#305;n stratejik mant&#305;&#287;&#305; bug&#252;n, 2021&#8217;de g&#246;r&#252;nd&#252;&#287;&#252; kadar a&#231;&#305;k ve ikna edici de&#287;il.</p><p>Bu arada Avustralya&#8217;daki federal muhalefet, e&#287;er denizalt&#305; alamazsak, Avustralya&#8217;n&#305;n Malakka Bo&#287;az&#305; &#231;evresindeki operasyonlar&#305; destekleyecek uzun menzilli bombard&#305;man u&#231;aklar&#305; alal&#305;m diyor. Bunun kime kar&#351;&#305; kullan&#305;laca&#287;&#305; konusunda fazla hayal g&#252;c&#252;ne ihtiya&#231; yok. Hedefin &#246;ncelikle &#199;in oldu&#287;u a&#231;&#305;k.</p><p>&#199;in&#8217;i ku&#351;atma stratejisinde Avustralya&#8217;n&#305;n daha b&#252;y&#252;k bir rol &#252;stlenmesini savunmak i&#231;in uygunsuz bir vakit. Amerika Birle&#351;ik Devletleri ezici asker&#238; &#252;st&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; Ortado&#287;u&#8217;da belirleyici siyasi sonu&#231;lara d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rmekte zorland&#305;. &#304;ran gibi orta siklet bir has&#305;m kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda bile olmad&#305;ysa, gelecekte &#231;ok daha g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bir rakibe kar&#351;&#305; bask&#305; ve cayd&#305;rma operasyonlar&#305; imkans&#305;z g&#246;z&#252;k&#252;yor.  Avustralya&#8217;y&#305; b&#246;yle imkans&#305;z maceralara pe&#351;in ortak yapmak bana olduk&#231;a riskli geliyor.</p><p>Avustralya siyaset s&#305;n&#305;f&#305;n&#305;n bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252; h&#226;l&#226; ge&#231;mi&#351; d&#246;nemin varsay&#305;mlar&#305;yla hareket ediyor. Buna kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k se&#231;menler, uluslararas&#305; sistemin de&#287;i&#351;mekte oldu&#287;u ger&#231;e&#287;ine, &#246;nsezi ile de olsa,  daha h&#305;zl&#305; uyum sa&#287;l&#305;yor olabilir. Siyasi elitlerle halk aras&#305;ndaki mesafenin a&#231;&#305;lmas&#305; sadece Avustralya&#8217;ya &#246;zg&#252; bir durum de&#287;il. Benzer gerilimleri Britanya&#8217;dan Fransa&#8217;ya, Almanya&#8217;dan di&#287;er Bat&#305; &#252;lkelerine kadar geni&#351; bir co&#287;rafyada g&#246;rmek m&#252;mk&#252;n.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>T&#252;rk Sa&#231; Ekim Sekt&#246;r&#252;</h2><p><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/how-turkey-hacked-the-hair-transplant-industry">Wired&#8217;da yak&#305;n zamanda yay&#305;mlanan bir makale</a>, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;nin sa&#231; ekimi sekt&#246;r&#252;ndeki ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;n&#305; &#252;&#231; fakt&#246;rle a&#231;&#305;kl&#305;yor: inovasyon, &#246;l&#231;ek ekonomisi ve y&#305;llar i&#231;inde biriken uzmanl&#305;k.</p><p>&#304;novasyon k&#305;sm&#305; en &#246;nemlisi.  T&#252;rk doktorlar, m&#252;hendisler ve giri&#351;imciler di&#351; hekimli&#287;inde kullan&#305;lan motorlar&#305; sa&#231; ekiminde kullanacak &#351;ekilde uyarlam&#305;&#351;lar; g&#246;z ameliyatlar&#305;nda kullan&#305;lan safir b&#305;&#231;aklar&#305; sa&#231; ekimi sekt&#246;r&#252;ne ta&#351;&#305;m&#305;&#351;lar; yapay zek&#226; destekli dikim planlama sistemleri geli&#351;tirmi&#351; ve on binlerce operasyon boyunca tekniklerini s&#252;rekli iyile&#351;tirmi&#351;ler. Sonu&#231;ta T&#252;rkiye, zanaatk&#226;rl&#305;&#287;&#305;, m&#252;hendislik yarat&#305;c&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; ve t&#305;bbi bilgi birikimini ayn&#305; potada eriten bir ekosistem kurarak bu alanda d&#252;nya liderlerinden biri h&#226;line gelmi&#351;.  &#214;yle diyor Wired magazini.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ancak &#351;imdi yeni bir soru ortaya &#231;&#305;k&#305;yor. Sekt&#246;r&#252;n ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;, yeni oyuncular&#305; sekt&#246;re &#231;ekiyor.  Y&#305;llar&#305;n zahmeti ile kazan&#305;lan itibar, ba&#351;ar&#305;y&#305; s&#305;radan bir metaya d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rme riski ta&#351;&#305;yan &#8220;sa&#231; fabrikalar&#305;n&#305;n&#8221; &#231;o&#287;almas&#305;na ra&#287;men korunabilecek mi?</p><p>Konunun ekonomik boyutu g&#246;z ard&#305; edilir gibi de&#287;il.  T&#252;rkiye 2025 y&#305;l&#305;nda sa&#287;l&#305;k turizminden yakla&#351;&#305;k 3 milyar dolar gelir elde etti; 2024&#8217;te de tablo farkl&#305; de&#287;ildi.         Bu paran&#305;n &#246;nemli bir k&#305;sm&#305;n&#305;n sa&#231; ekiminden geldi&#287;ine &#351;&#252;phe yok.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Mt Gravatt Pazar&#305;</h2><p>Her pazar sabah&#305; oldu&#287;u gibi bu hafta da Mt Gravatt Pazar&#305;&#8217;na gittim. &#199;ift&#231;i tezg&#226;hlar&#305;n&#305;n etraf&#305;n&#305; saran bitpazar&#305; sergileri biraz daha b&#252;y&#252;m&#252;&#351;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png" width="900" height="722" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Burada ucuz gitarlar, Pok&#233;mon kartlar&#305;, eski plaklar, kullan&#305;lm&#305;&#351; tabak &#231;anak, ikinci el el aletleri, tencere tavalar, giyilmi&#351; k&#305;yafetler ve ucuz oyuncaklar bulmak m&#252;mk&#252;n. Pazara girerken her seferinde bu tezg&#226;hlara g&#246;z at&#305;yorum ama &#351;imdiye kadar ilgimi &#231;eken bir &#351;ey g&#246;remedim</p><p>K&#305;&#351; geldi. A&#351;a&#287;&#305;dakiler muhtemelen son turfanda tropikal meyveler:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png" width="900" height="970" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Mandalina zaman&#305; geldi. Imperial cinsi bir s&#252;redir piyasadayd&#305;. Bu pazar farkl&#305; bir &#231;e&#351;idi denemeye karar verdim:  Honey Murcott diyorlar, kabu&#287;u daha k&#305;rm&#305;z&#305; renkli ve i&#231;indeki meyveye daha yap&#305;&#351;&#305;k.   </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O03N!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O03N!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png 424w, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#304;nce kabuklu, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;dekilere benzeyen biberler de &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;. Her hafta neredeyse bir kilo al&#305;p, yar&#305;s&#305;n&#305; air-fryer&#8217;da k&#305;zart&#305;yor, kalan&#305;n&#305; ise salata ve menemen i&#231;in kullan&#305;yorum. Sat&#305;c&#305; Vietnaml&#305; ama biberleri yak&#305;ndaki bir T&#252;rk &#231;iftli&#287;inden al&#305;yor kan&#305;mca. Bu biberleri y&#305;l&#305;n hemen her d&#246;neminde bulmak m&#252;mk&#252;n.  Kilosu 22 dolara ucuz de&#287;il ama kaliteli &#252;r&#252;n. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Pazarda m&#252;davimi oldu&#287;um birka&#231; tezg&#226;h var. Logan&#8217;da &#231;ift&#231;ilik yapan Taylandl&#305; bir &#231;ift mesela. Avokadoyu, domatesi ve salatal&#305;&#287;&#305; onlardan al&#305;yorum.</p><p>Yumurtalar&#305;m&#305; ise Mount Cotton&#8217;da ya&#351;ayan bir &#231;ift&#231;i han&#305;mdan al&#305;r&#305;m. Altm&#305;&#351; tavu&#287;u oldu&#287;unu s&#246;yl&#252;yor.  Tam kendi ba&#351;&#305;na y&#246;netebilece&#287;i kadar bir rakamm&#305;&#351;. Tavuklar&#305;n ne yer diye sordum. Sorgum ve bu&#287;day dedi. Tavuk yemi i&#231;in epey pahal&#305; bir men&#252;. Yumurtalar ise her zaman taptaze. Onun da benim torunlar&#305;mla benzer ya&#351;larda iki torunu var. Birbirimize torun hik&#226;yeleri anlat&#305;yoruz.</p><p>Torunlardan s&#246;z a&#231;&#305;lm&#305;&#351;ken, &#231;ile&#287;imi de Sunshine Coast hinterland&#305;ndaki bir &#231;ift&#231;iden al&#305;yorum; san&#305;r&#305;m Beerwah taraflar&#305;nda. &#199;ilekleri pazardaki en iyileri ve may&#305;stan ekime kadar sat&#305;yor. Ge&#231;en y&#305;l o&#287;ullar&#305;ndan birini evlendirmi&#351;ti. Ge&#231;en pazar sordu&#287;umda, gelinlerinin hamile oldu&#287;unu s&#246;yledi. Bunun ilk torunu olup olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; merak ettim.</p><p>&#8220;Yok,&#8221; dedi. &#8220;&#220;&#231; o&#287;lum ve iki k&#305;z&#305;m var. Toplam on &#252;&#231; torunum oldu.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Bo&#351; durmam&#305;&#351;s&#305;n,&#8221; dedim.</p><p>Benim ise sadece bir o&#287;lum, ve iki torunum oldu&#287;unu s&#246;yledim.</p><p>Sonra &#214;mer&#8217;in tezg&#226;h&#305;na u&#287;ray&#305;p birka&#231; simit ve &#231;&#246;rek ald&#305;m, ard&#305;ndan da eve d&#246;nd&#252;m.. </p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>10 May&#305;s k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=32.68TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png" width="1072" height="202" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:202,&quot;width&quot;:1072,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39690,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/200872348?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR2x!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b64afa9-5cf2-42e4-966d-deff87283da0_1072x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RS81!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81495c0d-4418-4b99-ae4b-7bcc53d5347d_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RS81!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81495c0d-4418-4b99-ae4b-7bcc53d5347d_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RS81!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81495c0d-4418-4b99-ae4b-7bcc53d5347d_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RS81!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81495c0d-4418-4b99-ae4b-7bcc53d5347d_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RS81!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81495c0d-4418-4b99-ae4b-7bcc53d5347d_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81495c0d-4418-4b99-ae4b-7bcc53d5347d_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RS81!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81495c0d-4418-4b99-ae4b-7bcc53d5347d_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RS81!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81495c0d-4418-4b99-ae4b-7bcc53d5347d_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RS81!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81495c0d-4418-4b99-ae4b-7bcc53d5347d_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c9da748-1351-4728-8665-fe8c02af2baf_789x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mtJV!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c9da748-1351-4728-8665-fe8c02af2baf_789x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mtJV!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c9da748-1351-4728-8665-fe8c02af2baf_789x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mtJV!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c9da748-1351-4728-8665-fe8c02af2baf_789x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  Kurdaki de&#287;er kayb&#305;n&#305;n her zaman enflasyon oran&#305;n&#305;n biraz &#252;zerinde seyretmesi beklenir. Bu grafi&#287;i s&#252;rd&#252;rmenin tek yolu &#252;lkeye d&#252;zenli d&#246;viz giri&#351;i olmas&#305;d&#305;r; ancak hesaplarda b&#246;yle bir girdi g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.  Kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k bir mesele.</p><h3>Maa&#351;lar</h3><p>1 Temmuz 2026 itibar&#305;yla Avustralya&#8217;da ulusal asgari &#252;cret saat ba&#351;&#305;na 26,44 Avustralya dolar&#305;na y&#252;kseltildi. Bu rakam, ayda 160 saat &#231;al&#305;&#351;an bir ki&#351;i i&#231;in yakla&#351;&#305;k 4.230 Avustralya dolarl&#305;k ayl&#305;k gelire kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k geliyor.</p><p>Ancak ulusal asgari &#252;cret, Avustralyal&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yaln&#305;zca k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252; do&#287;rudan ilgilendiriyor. As&#305;l &#246;nemli olan, &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %21&#8217;ini kapsayan <strong>modern award</strong> &#252;cret sistemleri. Bu sistemlerdeki en d&#252;&#351;&#252;k &#252;cret kademeleri ulusal asgari &#252;cretin biraz &#252;st&#252;nde oluyor.</p><p>Buna k&#305;yasla, T&#252;rkiye'deki asgari &#252;cret ayda 26.000 TRY. Mevcut d&#246;viz kuruna g&#246;re bu, ayda 1018A$'a denk geliyor.</p><p>Kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m veri taban&#305; ve yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">github&#8217;dan</a> indirebilirsiniz isterseniz.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/kac-yasnda-oleceksiniz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNDg1MDEzLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNDc4MTEyMTgsImlhdCI6MTcyNTQ0NzE2NSwiZXhwIjoxNzI4MDM5MTY1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItODE2NDAzIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.gflOC_lXLtSydu2NC1z9webyHNGGRO7rOIQkTHFBQWc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;cretsizdir. 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Abonelik &#252;cretsiz. Manevi destek olal&#305;m derseniz yorum yap&#305;n ve sayfam&#305; payla&#351;&#305;n. Abone olmaktan korkmay&#305;n, her zaman tek d&#252;&#287;meye t&#305;klay&#305;p &#231;&#305;kabilirsiniz.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>&#304;statistik</strong></h2><p>Abone say&#305;s&#305; : 496</p><p>Takip&#231;i say&#305;s&#305; : 680</p><p>Telif hakk&#305; yoktur. &#304;stedi&#287;iniz gibi kopyalay&#305;n da&#287;&#305;t&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ISIS Brides, Submarines, and Hair Transplants ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why did Australian women went to Syria to marry ISIS fighters? Now they came back and we may learn the answer. Also on the hair transplant capital of the world and secondhand nuclear submarines.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/isis-brides-submarines-and-hair-transplants</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/isis-brides-submarines-and-hair-transplants</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 09:59:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/isis-brides-submarines-and-hair-transplants?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/isis-brides-submarines-and-hair-transplants?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>In this post:</p><ul><li><p>ISIS Brides</p></li><li><p>AUKUS We Always Wanted?</p></li><li><p>Turkish Hair Transplant Industry</p></li><li><p>Mt Gravatt Markets</p></li><li><p>Pascal Hagi</p></li><li><p>Turkish Australian Grocery Prices</p></li></ul><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>ISIS Brides</h2><p>About forty Australian women travelled to Syria and Iraq during the rise of ISIS and married jihadist fighters. Following the collapse of the Caliphate, many were captured by Kurdish forces and spent years in detention camps. As of May 2026, at least seventeen Australian women, together with dozens of children, have returned to Australia.</p><p>These women came from a variety of backgrounds. Some were recent migrants, others second- or third-generation Australians. Some came from religious families, while others appear to have had little prior connection to Islam. The diversity of their backgrounds makes their decisions harder to explain.</p><p>The Australian government never wanted them back. Yet as Australian citizens they retained the legal right to return.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png" width="1032" height="588" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd56bda3c-3481-4b06-991c-a499bb67727e_1032x588.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Twitter post by Zehra Duman, third-generation Melbourne girl of Turkish ancestry  (From<a href="https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Till_Martyrdom_Do_Us_Part_Gender_and_the_ISIS_Phenomenon.pdf"> ICSR Report &#8216;Till Martyrdom Do Us Apart&#8217;</a>)</figcaption></figure></div><p>The question that interests me is not whether ISIS was evil. It was. The organisation glorified violence, targeted civilians, and practised slavery.</p><p>The more interesting question is why some people choose to abandon a safe and prosperous country in order to seek purpose in a distant conflict.</p><p>Media coverage often searches for defects in the personal histories of the women involved: broken families, depression, social isolation, or manipulation by recruiters. Such factors may have played a role, but they are incomplete explanations. Plenty of people experience similar hardships without joining a jihadist movement.</p><p>Similar questions arise whenever Australians volunteer for foreign causes. In recent years, Australians have travelled to Ukraine to fight against the Russian invasion. Earlier generations joined the International Brigades in Spain or travelled abroad to support the Greek War of Independence. The causes differ enormously, but the archetype is familiar: the outsider who sees a distant struggle as embodying a larger purpose and feels compelled to take part.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The question is not why they loved ISIS. The question is what they were looking for that they could not find in Australia.</p></div><p>The women who joined ISIS will never be described as romantic foreign volunteers, except perhaps in jihadist literature. Yet I doubt that many young women from Sydney or Melbourne travelled to Syria because they wished to participate in atrocities. More likely, they believed they were joining a grand historical project and helping to build a better world.</p><p>That belief was catastrophically wrong. Nevertheless, understanding why they found it attractive may tell us something important about modern society. I hope that future biographies and autobiographies will explore those motivations in greater depth than the stereotypes that dominate media coverage today.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2><strong>The AUKUS We Always Wanted?</strong></h2><p>When Scott Morrison signed the AUKUS agreement in 2021, Australia committed itself to acquiring nuclear-powered submarines from the United States. Successive governments have maintained their support for the arrangement.</p><p>Last week, however, we learned that Australia may receive second-hand submarines rather than newly built ones. The reason is straightforward: the United States is struggling to produce enough submarines to meet its own requirements. Australian ministers responded by saying that acquiring existing vessels was always an attractive option.</p><p>I believe them.</p><p>In fact, I suspect Canberra would be even happier if Washington eventually announced that no submarines were available at all.</p><p>The uncomfortable reality is that Australia has little independent need for nuclear-powered attack submarines. Their principal strategic purpose would be to support American efforts to control the maritime approaches to China in the event of a major conflict. Yet China remains Australia&#8217;s largest trading partner, and those same sea routes carry much of that trade.</p><p>For that reason, I would not be surprised if AUKUS undergoes further revisions in the years ahead. The strategic logic is less obvious than it appeared in 2021.</p><p>Meanwhile, the federal opposition has suggested that Australia should acquire long-range bombers capable of supporting operations around the Strait of Malacca. The implication is clear enough: such capabilities would be directed primarily at China.</p><p>This strikes me as a curious moment to advocate a larger Australian role in containing China. The United States has recently found it difficult to translate its overwhelming military superiority into decisive political outcomes in the Middle East. If projecting power against Iran is proving challenging, committing Australia to future coercive operations against a far stronger adversary would seem a risky proposition.</p><p>My impression is that parts of the Australian political class are still operating with assumptions inherited from an earlier era. The public may be adapting more quickly to the reality that the international system is changing. The growing disconnect between political elites and voters is not uniquely Australian; similar tensions are visible across much of the Western world, from Britain to France and Germany.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Turkish Hair Transplant Industry</h2><p>This <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/how-turkey-hacked-the-hair-transplant-industry">recent Wired article </a>explains the success of the Turkish hair transplant industry as one of innovation, scale, and accumulated expertise. Turkish doctors, engineers, and entrepreneurs adapted dental motors for hair-transplant surgery, borrowed sapphire blades from eye surgery, developed AI-assisted graft-planning systems, and refined techniques through tens of thousands of procedures. Turkey became a global leader by building an ecosystem that combined craftsmanship, engineering ingenuity, and medical know-how.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png" width="660" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:660,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:360221,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/199951810?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gviD!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F401ccae9-201e-47ff-9550-32802f9d9c13_660x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The challenge now is whether that reputation can survive the proliferation of low-quality &#8220;hair mills&#8221; that threaten to turn success into commoditisation.</p><p>Turkey generated $3 billion in 2025 (roughly the same as in 2024) from medical tourism.  A significant fraction must be coming from hair transplants.</p><p></p><h2>Mt Gravatt Markets</h2><p>I continue going to the Mt Gravatt Markets every Sunday morning.  Apart from the expansion of the flea market belt surrounding the farmers, they remain the same.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png" width="900" height="722" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:722,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:4051723,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/199951810?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-E6Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51ae3402-6953-401d-a220-1c824586f529_900x722.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>One can buy cheap guitars, pokempon cars, old vinyl records, pre-loved crockery, secondhand tools, pots and pans, pre-worn clothes and cheap toys.  I keep looking at the flea market stands when walking in but have never seen something of interest.</p><p>The winter is coming.  These are probably the last of the tropicals:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fHZc!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdbf9cf8-37c4-40a9-a898-83e436c7fbdc_900x970.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Good time to buy mandarins.  Imperials have been out for a while. I try a different type this Sunday.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O03N!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O03N!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O03N!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O03N!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O03N!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O03N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png" width="900" height="820" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb773d452-c88c-4934-b630-d1248552cea7_900x820.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Thin-skinned Turkish-style peppers are now available to buy. They are relatively expensive but I buy close to a kilo each week.  Fry half in the air-fryer and use the rest for salads and menemen.  The seller is Vietnamese but I think he is buying the peppers from a neighboring Turkish farm.  Peppers are available through the year. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqg4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd422ab44-c63c-4e21-ba80-e8f60ecd0df3_900x740.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I have my regulars in the Market.  There is a Thai couple who have their farms in Logan.  I buy from them avocados, tomatoes, and cucumbers.  I buy my eggs from a Mount Cotton farmer.  She tells me that she has sixty chooks and thinks that is a manageable number for her.  I asked her what they eat.  She says sorghum and wheat.  Expensive feed for chooks.  The eggs are always fresh.  She also has two grandchildren at ages similar to mine.  We tell each other stories about our grandkids.</p><p>Speaking about grandkids, I buy strawberries from a guy who has his farm in the Sunny Coast hinterland, I think Beerwah.  His strawberries are the best and available from May till October.  He got one of his sons married last year.  I asked him about them last Sunday and he said that they are expecting a child.  I asked if it were going to be his first grandkid.  No, I have thirteen grandchildren he said from three boys and two girls.  I said you have been busy and told him I only have one son and one granddaughter and one grandson.</p><p>Then I dropped by &#214;mer&#8217;s stand and bought some simits and &#231;&#246;rek returned home. </p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Pascal Hagi</h2><p>Here, Hugo and I are watching Pascal and Hagi through the glass.  </p><div id="youtube2-r2UCaJG-Hfk" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;r2UCaJG-Hfk&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/r2UCaJG-Hfk?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=32.95TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png" width="1072" height="202" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:202,&quot;width&quot;:1072,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39006,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/199951810?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v8R_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92480821-91d6-4d27-ae7a-f6eb85d679c7_1072x202.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:790,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39173,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/199951810?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wcBp!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7478bfc2-b77f-4329-9df7-482434e6fc49_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png" width="789" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/edde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:789,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:68165,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/199951810?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K_Xa!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedde0cf5-4aab-4f84-8edc-933ca2217fd2_789x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian national minimum wage increased to A$26.44 per hour on 1 July 2026. This corresponds to approximately A$4,230 per month based on a 160-hour working month. However, the national minimum wage applies to only a small proportion of Australian workers. More important are the modern award wages, which cover around 21% of all employees. The lowest award classifications are closely aligned with the national minimum wage and, in many cases, are slightly higher. As a result, changes to award wages generally have a much greater impact on Australian workers than changes to the national minimum wage itself.</p><p>The 2026 minimum wage in Turkey is 33,000 TRY per month (before tax). In contrast to Australia, where only a small minority of workers receive the statutory minimum wage, the Turkish minimum wage serves as a benchmark for a large share of the labour market. It is therefore both an economic indicator and a major political issue.</p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  Leave comments and share if you want to show an appreciation of my work. You can unsubscribe anytime you want. Your email will not be used for any other purpose.  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Please continue your shares and mentions.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Mutlak Butlan]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ge&#231;en haftaki ola&#287;an&#252;st&#252; mahkeme karar&#305; hakk&#305;nda d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;klerim]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/mutlak-butlan-96e</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/mutlak-butlan-96e</guid><pubDate>Sun, 24 May 2026 08:10:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rMUG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea3ddf11-0bc1-4b1e-b413-ef2ff74d8282_789x490.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. E-posta adresiniz kimse ile payla&#351;&#305;lmayacak</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#304;ngilizce&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school"><span>&#304;ngilizce</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/mutlak-butlan-96e?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/mutlak-butlan-96e?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h2></h2><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>Yak&#305;n zamana dek hukuk &#231;evreleri d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda neredeyse kimsenin duymad&#305;&#287;&#305; bir T&#252;rk hukuk terimi &#246;&#287;rendik. Anlam&#305; &#8220;Absolute Nullity&#8221;, yani &#8220;Mutlak H&#252;k&#252;ms&#252;zl&#252;k&#8221;.</p><p>Bir Ankara mahkemesi ge&#231;en hafta ana muhalefet partisi CHP&#8217;yi fiilen Kas&#305;m 2023&#8217;e geri d&#246;nd&#252;rd&#252;. 2023 Kurultay&#305; sonras&#305;nda ger&#231;ekle&#351;en her &#351;ey hukuken ge&#231;ersiz ilan edildi: liderlik de&#287;i&#351;iklikleri, parti i&#231;i kararlar ve atamalar. Pratikte mahkeme, 2023 &#246;ncesi y&#246;netimin yeniden g&#246;reve getirilmesine h&#252;kmetti.</p><p>Bu T&#252;rkiye gibi yarat&#305;c&#305; hukuk&#231;ular&#305;n bol oldu&#287;u bir &#252;lke i&#231;in bile emsalsiz bir ad&#305;m ve T&#252;rkiye elit konsens&#252;s&#252;n&#252;n yani yerli ve milli hegemonyan&#305;n Erdo&#287;an d&#246;nemini uzatma y&#246;n&#252;nde de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ine i&#351;aret ediyor.</p><p>Ge&#231;en y&#305;l Erdo&#287;an d&#246;neminin son safhas&#305;na girdi&#287;ini d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yordum. Belli ki etraf&#305;ndaki sistemin dayan&#305;kl&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; hafife alm&#305;&#351;&#305;m.</p><p>Mazeret olsun diye demiyorum ama, de&#287;i&#351;en &#351;ey sadece T&#252;rkiye i&#231; siyaseti de&#287;il. So&#287;uk Sava&#351; sonras&#305; kurulan d&#252;zenin tamam&#305; bask&#305; alt&#305;nda. Washington&#8217;un otoritesi daha iki y&#305;l &#246;ncesine g&#246;re bile daha zay&#305;flam&#305;&#351; durumda. &#214;zellikle Trump&#8217;&#305;n &#304;ran&#8217;la giri&#351;ti&#287;i &#231;at&#305;&#351;man&#305;n ard&#305;ndan Bat&#305; Asya yeni bir stratejik istikrars&#305;zl&#305;k d&#246;nemine giriyor. B&#246;yle bir ortamda T&#252;rk elitleri aras&#305;ndaki mutabakat, deney aray&#305;&#351;&#305;ndan ziyade s&#252;reklili&#287;in vaad etti&#287;i g&#252;venlilik tercihi yolunda olu&#351;mu&#351; g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;yor.</p><h2><strong>&#304;&#351;e yarar m&#305;?</strong></h2><p>Bu, Erdo&#287;an rejiminin att&#305;&#287;&#305; bir &#8220;Hail Mary&#8221; pas&#305;. Normal &#351;artlarda m&#252;mk&#252;n olmayan bir f&#305;rsat sa&#287;l&#305;yor rejime. Ama ayn&#305; zamanda riskli; &#231;&#252;nk&#252; yarg&#305;y&#305; a&#231;&#305;k bi&#231;imde siyasalla&#351;t&#305;rarak se&#231;im sisteminin me&#351;ruiyetini de a&#351;&#305;nd&#305;rma potansiyeli ta&#351;&#305;yor.</p><p>KK, 2010 y&#305;l&#305;nda Cumhuriyet&#8217;e y&#246;nelik G&#252;lenist sald&#305;r&#305;n&#305;n zirve d&#246;neminde CHP&#8217;nin ba&#351;&#305;na getirildi. Erdo&#287;an kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda bir&#231;ok se&#231;im kaybetti ve sonunda 2023 Kurultay&#305;&#8217;nda CHP liderli&#287;ini de kaybetti. CHP&#8217;nin Erdo&#287;an kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda d&#252;zenli &#351;ekilde kazanmaya ba&#351;lamas&#305; ise KK liderlikten ayr&#305;ld&#305;ktan sonra oldu. Bu bir tesad&#252;f olabilir. Ancak ge&#231;en hafta mahkeme mevcut CHP y&#246;netimini g&#246;revden ald&#305; ve KK ile ekibini yeniden g&#246;reve getirdi.</p><p>Yarg&#305; karar&#305;n&#305;n tersine &#231;evrilmemesi halinde, bundan sonra ya&#351;anacaklar b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de KK&#8217;n&#305;n Erdo&#287;an mahkemelerinin kendisine verdi&#287;i bu yeni yetkiyi nas&#305;l kullanmay&#305; planlad&#305;&#287;&#305;na ba&#287;l&#305; olacak.</p><p>KK&#8217;y&#305; &#351;ahsen tan&#305;m&#305;yorum ve a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da yazacaklar&#305;m tamamen spek&#252;lasyon. Kimseye sayg&#305;s&#305;zl&#305;k etmek istemem. Ama iki u&#231; senaryo var:</p><h2><strong>Senaryo 1: KK kendisine haks&#305;zl&#305;k yap&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;na inan&#305;yor</strong></h2><p>KK 77 ya&#351;&#305;nda. Ger&#231;ekten Erdo&#287;an d&#246;neminin sona yakla&#351;makta oldu&#287;una ve CHP liderli&#287;inden uzakla&#351;t&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305;n, Erdo&#287;an&#8217;a kar&#351;&#305; verdi&#287;i on &#252;&#231; y&#305;ll&#305;k m&#252;cadelenin nihai zaferinden onu mahrum b&#305;rakmak i&#231;in kurulmu&#351; bir komplo oldu&#287;una inan&#305;yor olabilir.</p><p>E&#287;er b&#246;yle d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yorsa, parti &#252;yelerinin adil bir parti i&#231;i se&#231;imde kendisini destekleyece&#287;ine de inanabilir. Bu durumda birka&#231; ay i&#231;inde yeni bir Kurultay&#8217;a gitmeye &#231;al&#305;&#351;mas&#305; muhtemeldir.</p><p>Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla 2026 sonundan &#246;nce yeni bir Kurultay yap&#305;labilir. B&#246;yle bir Kurultay&#8217;da KK&#8217;n&#305;n yeniden lider se&#231;ilece&#287;ini sanm&#305;yorum ama yan&#305;l&#305;yor olabilirim. Bir &#351;ekilde CHP &#252;zerindeki spek&#252;lasyonlar o noktada sona erer ve siyasi odak yeniden se&#231;imlere ve cumhurba&#351;kan&#305; adaylar&#305;na kayar.</p><h2><strong>Senaryo 2: KK daha geni&#351; bir siyasi projenin par&#231;as&#305; olarak hareket ediyor</strong></h2><p>KK ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z bir siyasi akt&#246;r olarak davranm&#305;yor olabilir. B&#246;yleyse, yeniden elde etti&#287;i konumu Erdo&#287;an&#8217;&#305;n se&#231;im &#351;ans&#305;n&#305; azamiye &#231;&#305;karmak i&#231;in kullanabilir.</p><p>Bu da Erdo&#287;an se&#231;im ilan edene kadar parti i&#231;indeki krizi uzatmak, muhalefetin cumhurba&#351;kan&#305; aday&#305; etraf&#305;nda koordinasyonunu zorla&#351;t&#305;rmak ve genel olarak muhalefeti fel&#231; etmek anlam&#305;na gelebilir.</p><p>Daha karanl&#305;k ihtimal ise se&#231;im s&#252;recinin kendisiyle ilgili.</p><p>T&#252;rkiye&#8217;nin se&#231;im sistemi b&#246;lge standartlar&#305;na g&#246;re asl&#305;nda olduk&#231;a adil ve &#351;effaf. Ancak sistemin b&#252;t&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252;, oy say&#305;m&#305; s&#305;ras&#305;nda muhalefet m&#252;&#351;ahitlerinin aktif kat&#305;l&#305;m&#305;na ciddi &#246;l&#231;&#252;de ba&#287;l&#305;.</p><p>Se&#231;menler oy pusulas&#305;n&#305; i&#351;aretleyip m&#252;h&#252;rl&#252; sand&#305;&#287;a at&#305;yor. Oy verme bittikten sonra b&#252;y&#252;k partilerin temsilcileri birlikte sand&#305;klar&#305; a&#231;&#305;p oylar&#305; say&#305;yor. Sonu&#231;lar t&#252;m m&#252;&#351;ahitlerin imzalad&#305;&#287;&#305; resmi tutanaklara ge&#231;iriliyor. Ard&#305;ndan oylar tekrar m&#252;h&#252;rlenip se&#231;im otoritelerine g&#246;nderiliyor.</p><p>Resm&#238; sonu&#231;lar sand&#305;k ve b&#246;lge baz&#305;nda internette yay&#305;mlan&#305;yor. B&#246;ylece partiler, kendi tuttuklar&#305; kay&#305;tlarla YSK verilerini kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rabiliyor. Uyu&#351;mazl&#305;k &#231;&#305;karsa itiraz ve yeniden say&#305;m talep edilebiliyor.</p><p>B&#246;yle bir sistemde b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;ekli se&#231;im hilesi yapmak son derece zor &#8212; tabii muhalefet partileri her sand&#305;&#287;a m&#252;&#351;ahit g&#246;nderebilecek &#246;rg&#252;tsel kapasiteye sahipse. E&#287;er bunu yapamazlarsa, s&#252;recin &#246;ng&#246;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;i ciddi bi&#231;imde zay&#305;flar.</p><h2><strong>Erdo&#287;an performans&#305;n&#305;n mu&#287;lakl&#305;&#287;&#305;</strong></h2><p>Muhalefetin bir&#231;ok fig&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n iddia etti&#287;inin aksine, Erdo&#287;an&#8217;&#305;n yirmi be&#351; y&#305;ll&#305;k iktidar&#305;n&#305; tamamen ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;zl&#305;k olarak tan&#305;mlamak zor. A&#351;a&#287;&#305;daki grafik, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;nin son &#231;eyrek y&#252;zy&#305;ldaki GSYH de&#287;i&#351;imini g&#246;steriyor:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rMUG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea3ddf11-0bc1-4b1e-b413-ef2ff74d8282_789x490.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rMUG!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea3ddf11-0bc1-4b1e-b413-ef2ff74d8282_789x490.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rMUG!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea3ddf11-0bc1-4b1e-b413-ef2ff74d8282_789x490.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rMUG!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea3ddf11-0bc1-4b1e-b413-ef2ff74d8282_789x490.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rMUG!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea3ddf11-0bc1-4b1e-b413-ef2ff74d8282_789x490.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rMUG!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea3ddf11-0bc1-4b1e-b413-ef2ff74d8282_789x490.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rMUG!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea3ddf11-0bc1-4b1e-b413-ef2ff74d8282_789x490.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rMUG!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea3ddf11-0bc1-4b1e-b413-ef2ff74d8282_789x490.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Elbette makroekonomik rakamlar hik&#226;yenin sadece bir k&#305;sm&#305;. Ki&#351;i ba&#351;&#305;na d&#252;&#351;en gelirdeki dramatik art&#305;&#351; toplumun tamam&#305;na e&#351;it &#351;ekilde yans&#305;mad&#305;. &#214;zellikle son &#252;&#231; y&#305;lda s&#305;radan T&#252;rkler ciddi bir yoksulla&#351;ma ya&#351;ad&#305;.</p><p>Buna ra&#287;men Erdo&#287;an, y&#252;ksek enflasyon ve d&#252;&#351;en ya&#351;am standartlar&#305;na ra&#287;men y&#252;zde 30&#8211;40 band&#305;nda dikkat &#231;ekici &#246;l&#231;&#252;de dayan&#305;kl&#305; bir se&#231;men taban&#305;n&#305; korumay&#305; ba&#351;ard&#305;.</p><p>Ekonomik ko&#351;ullar&#305;n istikrara kavu&#351;maya ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305;na dair i&#351;aretler de var. Merkez Bankas&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n alt&#305;n ve d&#246;viz cinsinden toplam rezervleri br&#252;t yakla&#351;&#305;k 160 milyar dolar seviyesinde. Swap kaynakl&#305; d&#246;viz y&#252;k&#252;ml&#252;l&#252;kleri hari&#231; tutuldu&#287;unda net rezervler yakla&#351;&#305;k 35 milyar dolar civar&#305;nda.</p><p>E&#287;er ekonomi s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; &#246;l&#231;&#252;de bile istikrar kazan&#305;r ve muhalefet uzun s&#252;reli i&#231; sava&#351;a s&#252;r&#252;klenirse, Erdo&#287;an daha bir y&#305;l &#246;nce imk&#226;ns&#305;z g&#246;r&#252;nen &#351;eyi yeniden ba&#351;ar&#305;p se&#231;men co&#351;kusunun yeniden y&#252;kselmesiyle de&#287;il, rakiplerinin par&#231;alanmas&#305; sayesinde siyasi hayat&#305;n&#305; bir d&#246;nem daha s&#252;rd&#252;rebilir.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>10 May&#305;s k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=32.68TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png" width="1082" height="204" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:204,&quot;width&quot;:1082,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39747,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/199044910?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cQlR!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0396f4a0-9ac2-4529-9dad-3c8918b967a4_1082x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q1H_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88598377-7a55-4107-bd78-d3c41f797478_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q1H_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88598377-7a55-4107-bd78-d3c41f797478_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q1H_!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  Kurdaki de&#287;er kayb&#305;n&#305;n her zaman enflasyon oran&#305;n&#305;n biraz &#252;zerinde seyretmesini beklerdim. Bu grafi&#287;i s&#252;rd&#252;rmenin tek yolu &#252;lkeye d&#252;zenli d&#246;viz giri&#351;i olmas&#305;d&#305;r; ancak hesaplarda b&#246;yle bir girdi g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.  Kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k bir mesele.</p><h3>Maa&#351;lar</h3><p>Avustralya&#8217;da asgari &#252;cret, saat ba&#351;&#305; olarak ifade ediliyor ve 3 Haziran 2025'te  saati 25 Avustralya dolar&#305;na y&#252;kseltildi. Bir ayda 160 saat &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;l&#305;r dersek, ayl&#305;k &#252;cret olarak 4000A$'a denk geliyor. Asgari &#252;cret alan Avustralyal&#305; i&#351;&#231;iler yakla&#351;&#305;k 2,6 milyon veya toplam Avustralya i&#351; g&#252;c&#252;n&#252;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %18'i.</p><p>Buna k&#305;yasla, T&#252;rkiye'deki asgari &#252;cret ayda 26.000 TRY. Mevcut d&#246;viz kuruna g&#246;re bu, ayda 1018A$'a denk geliyor.</p><p>Kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m veri taban&#305; ve yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">github&#8217;dan</a> indirebilirsiniz isterseniz.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/kac-yasnda-oleceksiniz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNDg1MDEzLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNDc4MTEyMTgsImlhdCI6MTcyNTQ0NzE2NSwiZXhwIjoxNzI4MDM5MTY1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItODE2NDAzIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.gflOC_lXLtSydu2NC1z9webyHNGGRO7rOIQkTHFBQWc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;cretsizdir. 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Manevi destek olal&#305;m derseniz yorum yap&#305;n ve sayfam&#305; payla&#351;&#305;n. Abone olmaktan korkmay&#305;n, her zaman tek d&#252;&#287;meye t&#305;klay&#305;p &#231;&#305;kabilirsiniz.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>&#304;statistik</strong></h2><p>Abone say&#305;s&#305; : 492</p><p>Takip&#231;i say&#305;s&#305; : 672</p><p>Telif hakk&#305; yoktur. &#304;stedi&#287;iniz gibi kopyalay&#305;n da&#287;&#305;t&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Mutlak Butlan]]></title><description><![CDATA[My take on last week's extraordinary court decision in Turkey]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/mutlak-butlan</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/mutlak-butlan</guid><pubDate>Sun, 24 May 2026 07:25:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/mutlak-butlan?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/mutlak-butlan?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>The title is a Turkish legal term that almost nobody outside legal circles had heard until recently. It means &#8220;Absolute Nullity&#8221;.</p><p>A Turkish court last week effectively reset the main opposition CHP to November 2023. Everything that happened after the 2023 Party Congress was declared legally void: leadership changes, internal decisions, and party appointments. In practical terms, the court ordered the restoration of the pre-2023 leadership.</p><p>This is an unprecedented act and indicates a renewed ambition by the Turkish elite to prolong the Erdo&#287;an era.</p><p>Last year I thought the Erdo&#287;an era was entering its final phase. Clearly, I underestimated the resilience of the system around him.</p><p>What changed is not simply Turkish domestic politics. The entire post-Cold War order is under strain. Washington&#8217;s authority is weaker than it was even two years ago. West Asia is entering another phase of strategic instability following Trump&#8217;s confrontation with Iran. In such an environment, the consensus by the Turkish elites appears to be favouring the safety of continuity against experimentation.</p><h2><strong>Will it work?</strong></h2><p>This is a &#8220;Hail Mary&#8221; pass by the Erdo&#287;an regime. It gives the regime a chance it otherwise may not have had. It is also risky because it openly politicises the judiciary in a way that could fracture the legitimacy of the electoral system itself.</p><p>KK was brought to the head of CHP in 2010, at the peak of the G&#252;lenist onslaught against the Republic. He lost many elections against Erdo&#287;an and finally lost the CHP leadership at the 2023 Congress. CHP only began consistently defeating Erdo&#287;an after KK was no longer the leader. This may be a coincidence. Last week, however, the court removed the current CHP leadership and restored KK and his team.</p><p>Barring a judicial reversal, what happens now will largely depend on what KK plans to do with the new authority bestowed on him by Erdo&#287;an&#8217;s courts.</p><p>I do not know KK personally and the following is pure speculation. I mean no disrespect to anyone. The two extreme scenarios are:</p><h3><strong>Scenario 1: KK believes he was wronged</strong></h3><p>KK is 77 years old. He may genuinely believe that the Erdo&#287;an era is coming to an end and that his removal from the CHP leadership was a plot designed to deprive him of the final triumph after a thirteen-year struggle against Erdo&#287;an.</p><p>If that is how he thinks, then he may also believe that the true believers of the party would support him in a fair internal election. In that case, he would likely move towards a new Party Congress within months.</p><p>A Congress could therefore take place before the end of 2026. I do not think KK would win a leadership position in such a Congress, but I may be wrong. One way or another, the speculation surrounding CHP would end at that point and the political focus would shift back to the next elections and the presidential candidates.</p><h3><strong>Scenario 2: KK is acting as part of a broader political design</strong></h3><p>KK is not acting as an independent political agent. In that case, he may use his renewed tenure to maximise Erdo&#287;an&#8217;s electoral chances.</p><p>This could mean stretching the turmoil inside the party until Erdo&#287;an declares elections, complicating opposition coordination around presidential candidates, and generally paralysing the opposition.</p><p>The darker possibility involves the election process itself.</p><p>Turkey&#8217;s electoral system is actually fair and transparent by regional standards, but its integrity depends heavily on participation by opposition scrutineers during the vote count.</p><p>Voters mark paper ballots and place them into sealed ballot boxes. At the end of voting, representatives of the major parties jointly open the boxes and count the votes. The results are recorded on official forms signed by all participating scrutineers. The ballots are then resealed and transferred to the electoral authorities.</p><p>The official district-by-district counts are published online, allowing parties to compare the published numbers against the records kept by their own scrutineers. If discrepancies emerge, objections may be lodged and recounts demanded.</p><p>In such a system, large-scale fraud becomes extremely difficult &#8212; provided the opposition parties are organisationally capable of sending scrutineers to every ballot box. If they fail to do so, the predictability of the process weakens considerably.</p><h2><strong>The ambiguity of the Erdo&#287;an record</strong></h2><p>Despite what many opposition figures claim, it is difficult to describe the twenty-five years of Erdo&#287;an rule as a complete failure. The following chart shows the change in Turkish GDP over the last quarter century:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png" width="789" height="490" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gtTn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F54b3ef0d-adf1-407a-ac57-fc16ac449066_789x490.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Of course, macroeconomic numbers are only part of the story. The dramatic increase in per capita GDP was not enjoyed equally across the population. Especially during the last three years, ordinary Turks experienced severe impoverishment.</p><p>Yet despite high inflation and declining living standards, Erdo&#287;an has retained a remarkably resilient electoral base in the 30&#8211;40% range.</p><p>There are also indications that economic conditions may be stabilising. The Central Bank&#8217;s total reserves in gold and hard currency are now roughly US$160 billion gross. Excluding swap-related currency holdings, net reserves are approximately US$35 billion.</p><p>If the economy stabilises even modestly while the opposition descends into prolonged internal warfare, Erdo&#287;an may once again achieve what many thought impossible only a year ago: political survival through fragmentation of his opponents rather than renewed popular enthusiasm.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=32.68TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png" width="1082" height="204" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:204,&quot;width&quot;:1082,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39143,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/198795207?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vB-h!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd94a61d4-3883-4a22-bb47-197b850d6709_1082x204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png" width="788" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:788,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39099,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/198795207?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k_nI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4883eef4-f413-4f08-8371-fc6f06ba8cd0_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png" width="789" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:789,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:68326,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/198795207?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GuD6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe115673b-0563-4c32-82ed-fc0a524eba51_789x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian minimum wage was increased to almost $25/h on 3 June 2025. This corresponds to A$4000/month for a 160-hour month. The Australian workers being paid the minimum wage are about 2.6 million or about 18% of the total Australian work force.</p><p>The minimum wage in Turkey is 26,000 TRY/month. </p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  Leave comments and share if you want to show an appreciation of my work. You can unsubscribe anytime you want. 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Please continue your shares and mentions.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Arrakis]]></title><description><![CDATA[Frank Herbert'in klasik eseri Dune ile &#304;ran sava&#351;&#305; aras&#305;ndaki ba&#287;lant&#305;ya dair k&#305;sa bir not.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/arrakis-97e</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/arrakis-97e</guid><pubDate>Sat, 16 May 2026 11:18:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. E-posta adresiniz kimse ile payla&#351;&#305;lmayacak</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#304;ngilizce&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school"><span>&#304;ngilizce</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/arrakis-97e?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/arrakis-97e?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h2></h2><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>Gelecekte Dune, United States Military Academy ve Royal Military College, Duntroon gibi asker&#238; akademilerin tavsiye edilen okuma listelerine girebilir.</p><p>Frank Herbert bu kitab&#305; 1960&#8217;larda yazd&#305;&#287;&#305; zaman, muazzam petrol rezervleri sayesinde Ortado&#287;u&#8217;nun giderek artan stratejik &#246;nemi art&#305;k iyice g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;r h&#226;le gelmi&#351;ti. <em>Dune</em>&#8217;daki te&#351;bihleri anlamak zor de&#287;ildi bu y&#252;zden. Baharat petrold&#252;. Arrakis &#231;&#246;lleri Ortado&#287;u&#8217;ydu. Fremenler ise &#231;&#246;l&#252;n sertle&#351;tirdi&#287;i halklard&#305;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Herbert&#8217;in basmakal&#305;p siyasi lafazanl&#305;&#287;&#305;n &#246;tesinde yakalad&#305;&#287;&#305; derin ger&#231;ek &#351;uydu: ba&#287;&#305;ml&#305;l&#305;k zay&#305;fl&#305;k &#252;retir. <em>Dune</em> evreninde &#304;mparatorluk her &#351;eye kadir g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;r ama y&#305;ld&#305;zlararas&#305; seyahat i&#231;in sadece Arrakis&#8217;te &#252;retilen baharata olan mutlak ba&#287;&#305;ml&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; y&#252;z&#252;nden asl&#305;nda bir tuza&#287;a d&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;t&#252;r.</p><p>Kiminiz diyecek ki: &#8220;Eee, bunda &#351;a&#351;&#305;racak ne var?&#8221; Haks&#305;z da say&#305;lmazs&#305;n&#305;z. Ama bu s&#246;zde a&#351;ik&#226;r &#246;nermenin &#246;tesinde, 1965&#8217;te yay&#305;mlanan romanda ba&#351;ka bir &#246;ng&#246;r&#252; daha vard&#305;; ben de ilk okudu&#287;umda bunun fark&#305;na varmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;m. Akl&#305;ma getiren &#351;ey, ABD&#8217;nin &#304;ran&#8217;da bug&#252;n kendi kendini soktu&#287;u ve nas&#305;l &#231;&#305;kaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; bilemedi&#287;i a&#231;maz oldu.</p><p>Trump ve Netanyahu &#304;ran&#8217;a sald&#305;rd&#305;klar&#305;nda, &#304;ran&#8217;&#305;n elindeki silahlarla klasik anlamda kendini savunmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;aca&#287;&#305;n&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yorlard&#305;. B&#246;yle bir savunmay&#305; k&#305;rman&#305;n da zor olmayaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; varsay&#305;yorlard&#305;. Ama &#304;ran kendini o &#351;ekilde savunmad&#305; bile.</p><p>ABD ve &#304;srail bombalar&#305; &#252;lkeyi yang&#305;n yerine &#231;evirdi. Okullar ve &#252;niversiteler vuruldu. Askerler b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de siper alt&#305;ndayd&#305; ama ortada kalan siviller &#246;ld&#252;. &#304;ran&#8217;&#305;n cevab&#305; ise hi&#231; beklemedikleri bir tarzda oldu. &#8220;Bunu beklemiyorduk&#8221; dedi &#304;srail&#8217;in Avustralya B&#252;y&#252;kel&#231;isi ABC Radyo Televizon kurumu ile yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; m&#252;lakatta.   ABD ve &#304;srail&#8217;den ba&#351;ka yetkililer de benzer &#351;eyler s&#246;yl&#252;yorlar zaten. Ama ni&#231;in beklemiyorlard&#305;, do&#287;rusu anlam&#305;yorum. Frank Herbert&#8217;in kitab&#305;n&#305; dikkatle okuyup anlayan herkes, ABD-&#304;ran sava&#351;&#305;n&#305;n hangi istikamete gidebilece&#287;ini az &#231;ok kestirebilirdi.</p><p>Romanda Herbert, bir serveti yok edebilme g&#252;c&#252;n&#252;n yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305; cayd&#305;r&#305;c&#305;l&#305;ktan s&#246;z ediyordu. Paul Atreides&#8217;in Fremenleri, konvansiyonel bir sava&#351;ta &#304;mparatorluk ordusunu do&#287;rudan yenemezdi. Buna imk&#226;n yoktu. Ama Paul Atreides&#8217;in elindeki as&#305;l koz, &#304;mparatorlu&#287;u asker&#238; olarak ma&#287;lup etmek de&#287;il, bizzat baharat d&#246;ng&#252;s&#252;n&#252; yok etmekle tehdit edebilmesiydi. Yani b&#252;t&#252;n y&#305;ld&#305;zlararas&#305; d&#252;zeni felce u&#287;ratabilecek bir tehditti bu.</p><p>&#8220;Bir &#351;eyi yok etme g&#252;c&#252;n varsa, onun ger&#231;ek kontrol&#252; sende demektir,&#8221; dedi Paul. &#8220;Baharat&#305; tamamen yok edebiliriz.&#8221;</p><p>Bizi topyek&#251;n katletseler bile, baharat bir daha geri gelmeyecekti.</p><p>&#304;ran&#8217;&#305;n Hormuz Bo&#287;az&#305;&#8217;n&#305; kapatma tehdidinin ard&#305;ndaki stratejik mant&#305;k da tam olarak bu. Trump&#8217;&#305;n elinde buna kar&#351;&#305; ger&#231;ek bir kar&#351;&#305; koz g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.</p><p>Bence sava&#351; kapan&#305;&#351; a&#351;amas&#305;na giriyor. &#304;ran&#8217;a kara harek&#226;t&#305; hi&#231;bir zaman ger&#231;ek&#231;i de&#287;ildi. Trump&#8217;&#305;n dan&#305;&#351;man &#231;evresinde birileri muhtemelen <em>Dune</em>&#8217;u okumu&#351;tur ve Arrakis&#8217;e y&#246;nelik &#304;mparatorluk sald&#305;r&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n romanda nas&#305;l sonu&#231;land&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; biliyordur.</p><h2>Wollongong</h2><p>1990&#8217;lar&#305;n sonuna kadar, Avustralya kendi &#231;eli&#287;ini kendisi &#252;retirdi.   &#350;irketin ad&#305; BHP idi.   &#220;lkenin b&#252;y&#252;k &#231;elik merkezleri Newcastle, Whyalla ve Wollongong - Port Kembla idi.</p><p>BHP esas olarak bir madenci &#351;irketti ve maden i&#351;lerine daha iyi odaklanmak i&#231;in &#231;elik &#252;retiminden &#231;&#305;kmaya karar verdi. Newcastle Demir &#199;elik 1999&#8217;da kapand&#305;. Whyalla bug&#252;n zar zor ayakta ama devlet deste&#287;i olmazsa kapan&#305;r. Port Kembla ise yurtd&#305;&#351;&#305;ndan gelen amans&#305;z rekabete ra&#287;men dayanmay&#305; ba&#351;ard&#305;.</p><p>Port Kembla&#8217;ya ilk kez otuz be&#351; y&#305;l kadar &#246;nce, ba&#351;ka bir meslek hayat&#305;nda gitmi&#351;tim. Bir sigorta &#351;irketi ad&#305;na bir k&#246;m&#252;r y&#252;kleyicisi kazas&#305;n&#305; incelemek i&#231;in oradayd&#305;m. O g&#252;nden beri farkl&#305; nedenlerle defalarca geri d&#246;nd&#252;m. Son &#252;&#231; y&#305;ld&#305;r ise bir &#252;niversite ara&#351;t&#305;rma merkezinin dan&#305;&#351;ma kuruluna ba&#351;kanl&#305;k etmek i&#231;in y&#305;lda iki kez gidiyorum.</p><p>Bu hafta ba&#351;&#305;nda da 2026&#8217;n&#305;n ilk toplant&#305;s&#305; i&#231;in yine oradayd&#305;m.</p><h3><strong>Yolculuk</strong></h3><ul><li><p>Brisbane Havaalan&#305;na Uber: Tesla Model Y. 30 kilometreyi 26 dakikada gittik. Toplam 63 dolar&#305;n, 13 &#252; Clem7 t&#252;neli ve Airport Link otoyol ge&#231;i&#351; &#252;cretleriydi.</p></li><li><p>Brisbane&#8217;den Sydney&#8217;e Qantas Boeing 737 ile u&#231;u&#351;.<br>U&#231;u&#351; s&#252;resi 75 dakika. Saat 15:30 civar&#305;nda Sydney&#8217;e indik.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><ul><li><p>Avis&#8217;ten kiral&#305;k ara&#231;: Subaru SUV. Kullanmas&#305; keyifliydi ama a&#351;&#305;r&#305; titizdi. Yan &#351;eride biraz yakla&#351;&#305;nca, bir trafik tabelas&#305;na birka&#231; saniye fazla bak&#305;nca ya da bir tek arac&#305;n bildi&#287;i ba&#351;ka bir nedenle ikaz edilmem gerekti&#287;ini d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;&#287;&#252;nde hemen &#246;t&#252;p bipliyordu.</p></li><li><p>Saat 17:30 civar&#305;nda Wollongong&#8217;a vard&#305;m ve Novotel Wollongong Northbeach oteline giri&#351; yapt&#305;m..</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sD-z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e460913-7269-4f3b-b4d8-76954478c94f_900x778.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sD-z!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e460913-7269-4f3b-b4d8-76954478c94f_900x778.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wollongong&#8217;da</strong></h3><p>Ben hep Novotel Northbeach&#8217;te kal&#305;r&#305;m. Otel art&#305;k biraz ya&#351;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;stermeye ba&#351;lad&#305; ama h&#226;l&#226; ho&#351; bir yer. Bu sefer sahile bakan bir oda verdiler.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Otelin restoran&#305; beni &#351;imdiye kadar hi&#231; hayal k&#305;r&#305;kl&#305;&#287;&#305;na u&#287;ratmad&#305;. Bu sefer brokolini e&#351;li&#287;inde &#305;zgara barramundi yedim. Yan&#305;nda da bir Carlton Dry iyi gitti.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Televizyonda izlemeye de&#287;er hi&#231;bir &#351;ey yoktu. Biraz kitap okumaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;m ama saat 21:30 gibi uykuya teslim oldum.</p><p>Sabah alt&#305; civar&#305; kalk&#305;p kahvalt&#305;dan &#246;nce y&#252;r&#252;y&#252;&#351;e &#231;&#305;kt&#305;m. O saatte d&#305;&#351;ar&#305;da ummad&#305;&#287;&#305;m kadar insan vard&#305;.</p><p>Hava s&#305;cakl&#305;&#287;&#305; 14 dereceydi ama denize girenler vard&#305;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Baz&#305;lar&#305; ise ellerinde kahvelerle sahil boyunca y&#252;r&#252;yordu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png" width="900" height="674" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Anla&#351;&#305;lan i&#351;e gitmeden &#246;nce parkta bulu&#351;mak burada yerle&#351;mi&#351; bir sabah rit&#252;eli. Bir ara bir kad&#305;n telefonuna &#8220;Erin&#8217;in kahvesi neydi?&#8221; diye sordu. Telefonun verdi&#287;i cevab&#305; y&#252;ksek sesle tekrar etti: &#8220;Skin&#8217; cap.&#8221; Bunun &#8220;ya&#287;s&#305;z s&#252;tl&#252; cappuccino&#8221; anlam&#305;na geldi&#287;ini &#231;&#246;zmem birka&#231; saniye s&#252;rd&#252;.</p><p>Yak&#305;ndaki mart&#305;lar denize d&#246;k&#252;len k&#252;&#231;&#252;k derenin kenar&#305;nda dinleniyordu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png" width="900" height="339" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:339,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1745189,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/196765265?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kahvalt&#305; ve du&#351; sonras&#305; otelden &#231;&#305;k&#305;p kamp&#252;se gittim. Toplant&#305;ya daha bir saat vard&#305;. Ben de kamp&#252;ste biraz dola&#351;t&#305;m.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png" width="900" height="727" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:727,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1416254,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/196765265?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bronz kangurular&#305;n yan&#305;ndan ge&#231;tikten sonra reng&#226;renk boyanm&#305;&#351; bir bisiklet konteyneri dikkatimi &#231;ekti:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sonra kendime b&#252;y&#252;k boy bir long black kahve ald&#305;m ve toplant&#305; binas&#305;na gittim.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Okuduklar&#305;m</h2><p><strong>Ru&#776;ya&#8217;y&#305; Kurtarmak</strong> &#8212;- Be&#351;ikta&#351;&#8217;&#305;n filozof berberi sevgili dostum Mevl&#252;t Bolat&#8217;&#305;n kitab&#305; Cinius Yay&#305;nlar&#305; taraf&#305;ndan Nisan 2026&#8217;da yay&#305;nland&#305;.  Elif ve Tayfun&#8217;un hikayesi Hatay&#8217;da ba&#351;lay&#305;p &#304;stanbul&#8217;da devam ediyor.  &#304;nsanlara kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;ks&#305;z yard&#305;m s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;l&#252;rse, istemeseniz de bir kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;r&#252;rs&#252;n&#252;z ama bu kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k k&#246;t&#252;l&#252;k olur.  Hikaye ilgin&#231; ve ger&#231;ek&#231;i, Mevl&#252;t Bolat&#8217;&#305;n ak&#305;c&#305; bir &#252;slubu var.  G&#252;zel bir kitap. &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p><strong>Ghost Cities </strong>&#8212; Siang Lu is a Chinese-Australian author based in Sydney. The novel follows the surreal adventures of Xiang Lu, a Sydneysider of Chinese background who, despite not knowing Chinese, briefly works as a Chinese-English translator using Google Translate. The book moves along two parallel storylines: one set in ancient China involving a cruel emperor, and the other in the present day among Chinese movie producers and eerily empty ghost cities. Strange, absurd, and often very funny. &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p><strong>Lucky&#8217;s</strong> &#8212; This novel by Andrew Pippos is a multi-generational Australian story centred on a family-run restaurant business and migrants from the Greek islands. I have noticed this before: life on many Aegean islands has always been difficult, and some of these islands produced remarkably large migration waves. I personally know many Greek Australians from Kythera. Pippos mentions Ithaca in the novel. ChatGPT informs me that there was indeed migration from Ithaca to Australia, although not on the same scale as islands such as Castellorizo, Kythera, Crete, or Samos. &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p><strong>Elder Race</strong> &#8212; I have a suspicion that Adrian Tchaikovsky wrote this novella partly as an homage to Ursula K. Le Guin, who died in 2018, three years before <em>Elder Race</em> was published. There are similar themes and moods. A tired and not entirely competent interstellar scientist is stranded on a planet where the natives treat him as a wizard. The story cleverly shifts between fantasy and science fiction depending on whose perspective we are following. &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>10 May&#305;s k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=32.91TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png" width="1078" height="206" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:206,&quot;width&quot;:1078,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39601,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/197966978?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qoss!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c3737e0-9085-4351-842f-11a61c55da3c_1078x206.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g2mA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59b8f005-047e-404e-b805-5a894ab06111_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g2mA!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59b8f005-047e-404e-b805-5a894ab06111_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g2mA!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59b8f005-047e-404e-b805-5a894ab06111_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76ab8bb9-89d2-4c18-b555-5f344f525b11_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  Kurdaki de&#287;er kayb&#305;n&#305;n her zaman enflasyon oran&#305;n&#305;n biraz &#252;zerinde seyretmesini beklerdim. Bu grafi&#287;i s&#252;rd&#252;rmenin tek yolu &#252;lkeye d&#252;zenli d&#246;viz giri&#351;i olmas&#305;d&#305;r; ancak hesaplarda b&#246;yle bir girdi g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.  Kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k bir mesele.</p><h3>Maa&#351;lar</h3><p>Avustralya&#8217;da asgari &#252;cret, saat ba&#351;&#305; olarak ifade ediliyor ve 3 Haziran 2025'te  saati 25 Avustralya dolar&#305;na y&#252;kseltildi. Bir ayda 160 saat &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;l&#305;r dersek, ayl&#305;k &#252;cret olarak 4000A$'a denk geliyor. Asgari &#252;cret alan Avustralyal&#305; i&#351;&#231;iler yakla&#351;&#305;k 2,6 milyon veya toplam Avustralya i&#351; g&#252;c&#252;n&#252;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %18'i.</p><p>Buna k&#305;yasla, T&#252;rkiye'deki asgari &#252;cret ayda 26.000 TRY. Mevcut d&#246;viz kuruna g&#246;re bu, ayda 1018A$'a denk geliyor.</p><p>Kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m veri taban&#305; ve yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">github&#8217;dan</a> indirebilirsiniz isterseniz.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/kac-yasnda-oleceksiniz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNDg1MDEzLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNDc4MTEyMTgsImlhdCI6MTcyNTQ0NzE2NSwiZXhwIjoxNzI4MDM5MTY1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItODE2NDAzIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.gflOC_lXLtSydu2NC1z9webyHNGGRO7rOIQkTHFBQWc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;cretsizdir. 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Manevi destek olal&#305;m derseniz yorum yap&#305;n ve sayfam&#305; payla&#351;&#305;n. Abone olmaktan korkmay&#305;n, her zaman tek d&#252;&#287;meye t&#305;klay&#305;p &#231;&#305;kabilirsiniz.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>&#304;statistik</strong></h2><p>Abone say&#305;s&#305; : 493</p><p>Takip&#231;i say&#305;s&#305; : 671</p><p>Telif hakk&#305; yoktur. &#304;stedi&#287;iniz gibi kopyalay&#305;n da&#287;&#305;t&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Arrakis]]></title><description><![CDATA[A brief note on the connection between the Frank Herbert classic Dune and the Iran war]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/arrakis</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/arrakis</guid><pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 09:36:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/arrakis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/arrakis?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>Following Trump&#8217;s infelicitous Iran war, Dune may well find its way onto the recommended reading lists of military academies such as United States Military Academy and Royal Military College, Duntroon.</p><p>Frank Herbert extrapolated from trends already visible in the early 1960s and correctly sensed the growing strategic centrality of the Middle East. The analogy in <em>Dune</em> was never subtle. Spice was oil. Arrakis was the desert Middle East. The Fremen were the hardened peoples of the desert.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PQAI!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795d9fed-1115-4d2f-b57a-ca3fb9346f6d_768x432.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Herbert understood something deeper than simple resource politics. Dependency creates weakness. In the <em>Dune</em> universe, the Empire appears omnipotent, yet it is trapped by its absolute dependence on spice for interstellar navigation.</p><p>The second, and perhaps more important, insight in the novel was the deterrent power of resource denial. Paul Atreides gains leverage not because he can conventionally defeat the Empire, but because he can threaten the destruction of the spice cycle itself.</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;He who can destroy a thing has the real control of it,&#8221; Paul said. &#8220;We can destroy the spice.&#8221; (<em>Frank Herbert, Dune,  pp. 535-536. Kindle Edition</em>)</p></blockquote><p>That is very close to Iran&#8217;s strategic logic in threatening closure of the Strait of Hormuz, through which roughly twenty percent of global seaborne oil trade passes, along with other essential exports tied to Gulf shipping routes.</p><p>I think the war is closing. The United States and Israel do not appear to have many military options left that do not involve escalation into far more dangerous territory. A ground invasion of Iran was never realistic. Someone within Trump&#8217;s advisory circle has probably read <em>Dune</em> and understands how the Imperial assault on Arrakis ultimately ended.</p><h2>Wollongong</h2><p>Until the late 1990s, BHP produced most of the steel Australia required. The great steel cities were Newcastle, Whyalla, and Port Kembla, the industrial heart of Wollongong.</p><p>Then BHP decided to exit steelmaking. Newcastle Steelworks closed in 1999. Whyalla survives on something resembling life support. Port Kembla endured, despite relentless pressure from overseas competition.</p><p>I first visited Port Kembla thirty-five years ago in another professional life while inspecting a ship-loader failure for an insurance company. Since then I have returned many times for different reasons. For the last three years, I have travelled there twice annually to chair the advisory board of a university research centre.</p><p>I was there again earlier this week for the first meeting of 2026.</p><h3>Itinerary</h3><ul><li><p>Uber to Brisbane Airport: Tesla Model Y, 30 km in 26 minutes, $63 &#8212; of which $13 were tolls for the Clem7 tunnel and the Airport Link)</p></li><li><p>Brisbane to Sydney on a Qantas Boeing 737. Flight time: 75 minutes, landing around 3:30 pm..</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!waba!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39880618-e96f-45c8-99e7-9422ba78c889_666x666.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><ul><li><p>Picked up the Avis rental car, a Subaru SUV. Pleasant to drive, although excessively attentive. The car clicked and beeped whenever I drifted slightly toward an adjoining lane, glanced too long at a road sign, or apparently failed some invisible attentiveness test set by the machine.</p></li><li><p>Arrived in Wollongong at around 5:30pm and checked in to Novotel Northbeach.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sD-z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e460913-7269-4f3b-b4d8-76954478c94f_900x778.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sD-z!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e460913-7269-4f3b-b4d8-76954478c94f_900x778.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>In Wollongong</h3><p>I always stay at the Novotel Northbeach. It is becoming slightly dated now, but it remains a lovely hotel. This time I had a room overlooking the beach.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png" width="900" height="629" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:629,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3519912,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/196765265?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B86o!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F654d3dde-85f2-4630-ba17-e753673520ed_900x629.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The hotel restaurant has never disappointed me. This visit I had grilled barramundi with broccolini and a Carlton Dry to wash it down.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg" width="900" height="1199" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E797!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873faffb-17bb-4840-86e7-2d79bca9cec3_900x1199.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>There was nothing worth watching on television. I tried to read but succumbed to sleep around 9:30 pm.</p><p>I woke around six and went out for a walk before breakfast. It was remarkable how many people were already outside at that hour of the morning.</p><p>The temperature was fourteen degrees, yet some had decided to swim anyway.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png" width="900" height="380" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S_Ex!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d77b-98f0-4850-9c35-186cd09be21d_900x380.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Others walked along the waterfront carrying takeaway coffees.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png" width="900" height="674" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Zvj!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff33d49a5-29b8-4dd8-8535-203bffb43cdd_900x674.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>It appears to be a local ritual to gather in the park before work. At one point, a woman asked her phone, &#8220;What is Erin&#8217;s coffee?&#8221; The answer, repeated aloud, was &#8220;skinny cap.&#8221; It took me a few seconds to realise that &#8220;Erin&#8217;s coffee&#8221; was simply shorthand for a skim-milk cappuccino.</p><p>Nearby seagulls rested along the creek flowing into the sea.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:339,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1745189,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/196765265?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaMB!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcce01ff2-dec4-43e6-949e-676bcbe3eee7_900x339.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>After breakfast and a shower, I checked out and drove to campus, arriving an hour early. I walked around the grounds before the meeting.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pyUs!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f731c78-bed9-4bf1-90a0-5bd510b9c138_900x727.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>After passing the bronze kangaroos, I noticed a brightly decorated bicycle container:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png" width="882" height="823" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:823,&quot;width&quot;:882,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1635956,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/196765265?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!va4Y!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4cabd1f-05e3-4027-b35c-bd6ada2be18e_882x823.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Then I bought a jumbo long black and went to the meeting.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Books I Read</h2><p><strong>Ghost Cities </strong>&#8212; Siang Lu is a Chinese-Australian author based in Sydney. The novel follows the surreal adventures of Xiang Lu, a Sydneysider of Chinese background who, despite not knowing Chinese, briefly works as a Chinese-English translator using Google Translate. The book moves along two parallel storylines: one set in ancient China involving a cruel emperor, and the other in the present day among Chinese movie producers and eerily empty ghost cities. Strange, absurd, and often very funny. &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p><strong>Lucky&#8217;s</strong> &#8212; This novel by Andrew Pippos is a multi-generational Australian story centred on a family-run restaurant business and migrants from the Greek islands. I have noticed this before: life on many Aegean islands has always been difficult, and some of these islands produced remarkably large migration waves. I personally know many Greek Australians from Kythera. Pippos mentions Ithaca in the novel. ChatGPT informs me that there was indeed migration from Ithaca to Australia, although not on the same scale as islands such as Castellorizo, Kythera, Crete, or Samos. &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p><strong>Elder Race</strong> &#8212; I have a suspicion that Adrian Tchaikovsky wrote this novella partly as an homage to Ursula K. Le Guin, who died in 2018, three years before <em>Elder Race</em> was published. There are similar themes and moods. A tired and not entirely competent interstellar scientist is stranded on a planet where the natives treat him as a wizard. The story cleverly shifts between fantasy and science fiction depending on whose perspective we are following. &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=32.91TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png" width="1078" height="206" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:206,&quot;width&quot;:1078,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39059,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/196765265?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!taA6!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1a181-34b6-4d73-9f87-6fe1d2ac5b6e_1078x206.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIrE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIrE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIrE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIrE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIrE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIrE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png" width="788" height="590" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIrE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIrE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gIrE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa363c7e-faa2-45ec-9e17-392ed36fa46e_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:790,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:68316,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/196765265?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjUN!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c52fc83-db39-4802-8457-d4822645088f_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian minimum wage was increased to almost $25/h on 3 June 2025. This corresponds to A$4000/month for a 160-hour month. The Australian workers being paid the minimum wage are about 2.6 million or about 18% of the total Australian work force.</p><p>The minimum wage in Turkey is 26,000 TRY/month. </p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  Leave comments and share if you want to show an appreciation of my work. You can unsubscribe anytime you want. Your email will not be used for any other purpose.  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Please continue your shares and mentions.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Yaşlanmanın dört tekeri ve kıkırdak dokularımız]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sa&#287; omuzdan sa&#287; dize inen bir dizi rahats&#305;zl&#305;k, v&#252;cudumuzun k&#305;r&#305;lganl&#305;&#287;&#305; ve eklem onar&#305;m&#305;ndaki gelecek yenilikler hakk&#305;nda yazma motivasyonum oldu.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/yaslanmann-dort-tekeri-ve-kkrdak</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/yaslanmann-dort-tekeri-ve-kkrdak</guid><pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2026 07:48:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. E-posta adresiniz kimse ile payla&#351;&#305;lmayacak</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#304;ngilizce&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/some-companies-are-like-another-school"><span>&#304;ngilizce</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/yaslanmann-dort-tekeri-ve-kkrdak?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/yaslanmann-dort-tekeri-ve-kkrdak?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h2></h2><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p>Benim ku&#351;a&#287;&#305;mdakiler s&#305;rf ba&#351;l&#305;ktan bu yaz&#305;n&#305;n nereye varaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; tahmin edecektir.</p><p>Uzun ince bir yolda giden arabalar&#305;z her birimiz. Ta&#351;&#305;t&#305; yolda tutan lastikler gibi v&#252;cudunuzu da  ta&#351;&#305;yan &#8220;d&#246;rt teker&#8221; oldu&#287;unu kilometreler artt&#305;k&#231;a fark edersiniz:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Motor:</strong> Kalp ve damarlar.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#350;asi:</strong> Kaslar ve kemikler.</p></li><li><p><strong>Yak&#305;t Sistemi:</strong> Metabolik fonksiyonlar (karaci&#287;er, b&#246;brekler vb.).</p></li><li><p><strong>Kontrol Odas&#305;:</strong> Zihniniz.</p></li></ol><p>Gen&#231; araban&#305;n bak&#305;m&#305;, kaza ar&#305;za sonras&#305; toparlanmas&#305; kolay olur. Ya&#351;land&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;zda ise her &#351;ey daha bir vakit almaya ba&#351;lar. Teker yalpalamaya ba&#351;larsa, s&#305;radan g&#252;nl&#252;k i&#351;ler eziyet vermeye ba&#351;lar.</p><h4>Kal&#231;a-Diz Ba&#287;lant&#305;s&#305;</h4><p>Son zamanlarda benim &#8220;&#350;asi&#8221; sorun &#231;&#305;kar&#305;yor; &#246;zellikle de k&#305;k&#305;rdaklar. </p><p>Yakla&#351;&#305;k bir y&#305;l &#246;nce omuz sorunlar&#305;mdan bahsetmi&#351;tim. Bir fizyoterapistin yard&#305;m&#305;yla&#8212;Brisbane&#8217;de ya&#351;ayanlar i&#231;in Louis Savill&#8217;i g&#246;n&#252;l rahatl&#305;&#287;&#305;yla tavsiye ederim&#8212;bu sorun neredeyse tamamen &#231;&#246;z&#252;ld&#252;.  Bu ba&#351;ar&#305;dan ald&#305;&#287;&#305;m cesaretle, sa&#287; kal&#231;amdaki 20 y&#305;ll&#305;k k&#252;nt bir a&#287;r&#305;y&#305; Louis&#8217;e a&#231;t&#305;m. Ben kesinlikle ya&#351;la gelen romatizma ba&#351;lang&#305;c&#305; oldu&#287;undan emindim ama Louis yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; incelemeden sonra ba&#351;ka bir su&#231;luya i&#351;aret etti: Kal&#231;a kaslar&#305;m, &#246;zellikle de <strong>gluteus medius</strong>.</p><p>&#8216;Gl&#252;t&#8217; kaslar&#305;,  kal&#231;an&#305;zdaki motor gibi.  Bu &#8220;motor&#8221; zay&#305;flarsa, baca&#287;&#305;n a&#351;a&#287;&#305;s&#305;na do&#287;ru bir zincirleme reaksiyon do&#287;abiliyormu&#351;. Gl&#252;tleri g&#252;&#231;lendirmek i&#231;in egzersizlere ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305;mda sa&#287; dizim sinyal vermeye ba&#351;lad&#305;.</p><p><strong>Te&#351;his</strong>: hafif k&#305;k&#305;rdak irritasyonu ve muhtemelen k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir menisk&#252;s a&#351;&#305;nmas&#305;.<br><strong>Tedavi</strong>: egzersiz&#8212;ama dozunda.  Neler yapt&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305; en sonunda yazaca&#287;&#305;m.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, 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src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg" width="750" height="394" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>[G&#246;rsel: &#304;nsan diz eklemi anatomisi]</p><h4>K&#305;k&#305;rdak Paradoksu: &#304;yile&#351;miyorsa a&#287;r&#305; neden kesiliyor?</h4><p>Kafamda hep bir ikilem vard&#305;: &#304;ki farkl&#305; ger&#231;e&#287;i zihnimde uzla&#351;t&#305;rmakta zorlan&#305;yordum.</p><p>Birinci g&#246;zlem:  <strong>hiyalin k&#305;k&#305;rdak</strong> (kemiklerinizin u&#231;lar&#305;ndaki o &#8220;ayna gibi parlat&#305;lm&#305;&#351;&#8221; p&#252;r&#252;zs&#252;z y&#252;zeye hiyalin doku deniyormu&#351;) kendi kendini iyile&#351;tiremezmi&#351;. &#304;&#231;inde damar ve sinir olmayan k&#305;k&#305;rdak doku ne kendi kendini onarabilirmi&#351; ne de beyine ben incindim diyebilirmi&#351;.  </p><p>&#304;kinci g&#246;zlem: Yine de hepimiz bir noktada diz veya eklem a&#287;r&#305;s&#305; ya&#351;am&#305;&#351;&#305;zd&#305;r ve bu a&#287;r&#305;lar bir s&#252;re sonra ge&#231;mi&#351;tir. K&#305;k&#305;rdakta sinir u&#231;lar&#305; yoksa, ac&#305; hissi nereden geliyor ve k&#305;k&#305;rda&#287;&#305; besleyen kan damarlar&#305; yoksa onar&#305;m nas&#305;l oluyor.</p><p>&#350;imdi anl&#305;yorum ki, <em>k&#305;k&#305;rdak y&#305;rt&#305;l&#305;yor</em> ama <em>a&#287;r&#305;</em> &#231;evresel fakt&#246;rlerden kaynaklan&#305;yor. Hasar sonucu minik k&#305;k&#305;rdak par&#231;ac&#305;klar&#305; kopup eklem s&#305;v&#305;s&#305;nda (sinoviyal s&#305;v&#305;) iltihaplanmaya (enflamasyon) yol a&#231;arm&#305;&#351;. A&#287;r&#305;y&#305; do&#287;uran bu iltihaplanma.  Zamanla v&#252;cut kanallar&#305; &#8220;temizler&#8221;, kaslar y&#252;k&#252; yeniden da&#287;&#305;tmay&#305; &#246;&#287;renir ve beyin bu a&#287;r&#305; sinyalinin art&#305;k &#8220;yeni&#8221; bir tehdit olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;na karar verirmi&#351;. Yap&#305;sal kusur, yani y&#305;rt&#305;k, durdu&#287;u yerde duruyor ama v&#252;cut y&#305;rt&#305;k k&#305;k&#305;rdakla ya&#351;amay&#305; &#246;&#287;reniyor.   Bu minik y&#305;rt&#305;klar &#252;st&#252;ste eklene eklene sonunda derin romatizma a&#287;r&#305;lar&#305; ba&#351;l&#305;yor.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jIh8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac6aadbb-5ba7-48ac-bd70-6cbd184a18f2_722x542.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jIh8!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac6aadbb-5ba7-48ac-bd70-6cbd184a18f2_722x542.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jIh8!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac6aadbb-5ba7-48ac-bd70-6cbd184a18f2_722x542.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>[G&#246;rsel: Hiyalin k&#305;k&#305;rdak]</p><h4>Menisk&#252;s: &#304;stisnai Durum</h4><p>P&#252;r&#252;zs&#252;z yumu&#351;ak kaygan hiyalin k&#305;k&#305;rda&#287;&#305;n aksine menisk&#252;s, &#8220;fibrok&#305;k&#305;rdak&#8221; t&#305;r; yani daha sert, kompozit bir conta gibidir. En &#246;nemli fark&#305;, menisk&#252;s&#252;n d&#305;&#351; cidarlar&#305;nda kan damarlar&#305; olmas&#305;d&#305;r.  E&#287;er menisk&#252;s y&#305;rt&#305;&#287;&#305; k&#252;&#231;&#252;kse ve bu &#8220;k&#305;rm&#305;z&#305; b&#246;lge&#8221; denilen d&#305;&#351; k&#305;s&#305;mdaysa, do&#287;ru dinlenme ve fizik tedavi ile iyile&#351;ebilir.</p><h4>Eklem Bak&#305;m&#305;nda Yenilikler</h4><p>&#220;&#231; bin y&#305;ll&#305;k m&#305;s&#305;r mumyalar&#305;nda, k&#246;sele ve tahtadan yap&#305;lm&#305;&#351; parmak protezleri bulmu&#351; arkeologlar.  Onca zaman ge&#231;ti, k&#305;k&#305;rdak hasar&#305; i&#231;in se&#231;eneklerimiz hala ayn&#305; &#351;ekilde: Ya a&#287;r&#305;yla ya&#351;amaya al&#305;&#351; ya da eklemin tamam&#305;n&#305; metal ve plastik par&#231;alarla de&#287;i&#351;tir (protez). Eklem de&#287;i&#351;tirme ameliyatlar&#305; art&#305;k eskiye g&#246;re &#231;ok g&#252;venli ve etkili de olsa, nadiren sizi orijinal hareket kabiliyetinize geri d&#246;nd&#252;r&#252;yor.</p><p>Ama bu durum pek yak&#305;nda k&#246;kten de&#287;i&#351;ecek gibi g&#246;z&#252;k&#252;yor.  Anlatay&#305;m.</p><p>Ge&#231;en hafta &#246;n iki di&#351;imde iki &#231;&#252;r&#252;k nokta i&#231;in di&#351;&#231;iye gittim. Yirmi y&#305;l &#246;nceki y&#246;ntem, di&#351; oyulur oyu&#287;un i&#231;i amalgamla doldurulurdu. &#350;imdi bunun yerine di&#351;&#231;im y&#252;zeyi hafif&#231;e kaz&#305;d&#305;, porselen benzeri s&#305;v&#305; bir madde s&#252;rd&#252; ve minik bir spat&#252;la ile son &#351;ekli verdi. Madde &#231;abuk hatta an&#305;nda dondu ve &#351;imdi bakt&#305;&#287;&#305;mda m&#252;kemmel g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;yor.  Sanki yeni di&#351;.</p><p>&#304;nan&#305;yorum ki eklemlerimiz i&#231;in de i&#351;e b&#246;yle bir &#231;a&#287;a giriyoruz. Art&#305;k b&#252;y&#252;k cerrahilerden uzakla&#351;&#305;p, <strong>enjekte edilebilir biyolojik restorasyonlar</strong> ba&#351;layacak.</p><p>&#8220;Metal ve plastik&#8221; yerine, on y&#305;l i&#231;inde &#351;&#246;yle tedaviler m&#252;mk&#252;n olacak:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Rejeneratif Enjeksiyonlar:</strong> V&#252;cudun kendi h&#252;crelerini onar&#305;m i&#231;in sinyal vermek &#252;zere kullanan Trombositten Zengin Plazma (PRP) ve k&#246;k h&#252;cre tedavileri.</p></li><li><p><strong>Biyo-&#304;skeleler:</strong> H&#252;crelerinizin &#252;zerinde b&#252;y&#252;yebilece&#287;i bir yap&#305; olu&#351;turan ve bir &#8220;yama&#8221; g&#246;revi g&#246;ren enjekte edilebilir hidrojeller.</p></li><li><p><strong>mRNA ve Gen Terapisi:</strong> Eklem h&#252;crelerinizi y&#305;k&#305;m&#305; durdurup yeniden in&#351;a etmeye ba&#351;lamas&#305; i&#231;in &#8220;yeniden programlayabilen&#8221; yeni tedaviler (baz&#305;lar&#305; &#351;u an ABD&#8217;de FDA onay&#305; bekliyor).</p></li></ul><p>Art&#305;k &#8220;gerilemeyi idare etmekten&#8221;, &#8220;hasar&#305; geri &#231;evirmeye&#8221; ge&#231;iyoruz. Yak&#305;n gelecekte bir diz veya omuz onar&#305;m&#305;n&#305;n, benim di&#351;&#231;iye gidi&#351;im kadar rutin bir i&#351;lem olaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; tahmin ediyorum.</p><h2>Diz Temrinleri</h2><p>A&#287;r&#305;yan diz ivedilikle iyile&#351;ir umuduyla yap&#305;lan hareketler:</p><h3>Haftada &#220;&#231; Kez</h3><p><strong>&#304;zometrik Ayak &#304;ttirmesi:</strong> Elastik bir engel mesela bir tane Pilates topunu ayaklar&#305;n&#305;zla ittirerek be&#351; saniye bekliyorsunuz.  Makinede a&#287;&#305;rl&#305;kla da yap&#305;labilir.  M&#252;him olan, dizler hareket etmiyor.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cKLE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cKLE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cKLE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Duvar Oturmas&#305;</strong>: Duvara yaslan&#305;p oturur gibi yap&#305;yor ondan sonra da &#246;yle bekliyorsunuz.  Ben altm&#305;&#351; saniye durup kalk&#305;yor, iki g&#252;nde bir &#252;&#231; kez tekrarl&#305;yorum.</p><p><strong>Kal&#231;a &#304;dman&#305;</strong>: Makinaya oturup bacaklar&#305;n&#305;z&#305; d&#305;&#351;ar&#305; do&#287;ru a&#231;maya &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;rken a&#287;&#305;rl&#305;klar size engel olmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;yor.  Her Gym&#8217;de var bu makinelerden. </p><h3>Her G&#252;n</h3><p>Ak&#351;am yeme&#287;i sonras&#305; y&#252;r&#252;y&#252;&#351; yapma al&#305;&#351;kanl&#305;&#287;&#305;m var.  Y&#252;r&#252;rken dizim ac&#305;m&#305;yor ama hi&#231; y&#252;r&#252;mesem daha iyi olur diye d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;m.  Y&#252;r&#252;me yerine Gym&#8217;e gidip pedal &#231;evireyim dedim.  Pedal &#231;evirmek dizime &#231;ok iyi geldi.  15-20 dakika &#231;ekilen pedal, gece boyunca t&#252;m a&#287;r&#305;y&#305; dindiriyor.</p><p>Louis bir de ayak bile&#287;imi bir silindiri yuvarlayarak hareket etmemi tavsiye etti.  Vakit bulduk&#231;a yap dedi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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Amazon Kindle sitesinde, yazar&#305;n di&#287;er kitaplar&#305;na bakarken, bu kitab&#305; zaten alm&#305;&#351; oldu&#287;umu farkettim, okudum.  Karakterleri ilgin&#231;, kurgusu &#231;ekici, g&#252;zel bir uzay maceras&#305;.  Maceran&#305;n ge&#231;ti&#287;i evren biraz rahmetli &#304;an Banks&#8217;&#305;n Culture evrenini and&#305;r&#305;yor. &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>28 Nisan k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=32.32TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png" width="1080" height="216" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:216,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38201,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/195718618?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VwQb!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97a1651e-0979-4b70-b823-f2daa6115d94_1080x216.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CmtX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c1f310e-240d-4fc8-9cb0-005a69406828_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CmtX!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c1f310e-240d-4fc8-9cb0-005a69406828_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CmtX!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cb6d238-aec9-45f1-bb36-28a09441c75a_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  Kurdaki de&#287;er kayb&#305;n&#305;n her zaman enflasyon oran&#305;n&#305;n biraz &#252;zerinde seyretmesini beklerdim. Bu grafi&#287;i s&#252;rd&#252;rmenin tek yolu &#252;lkeye d&#252;zenli d&#246;viz giri&#351;i olmas&#305;d&#305;r; ancak hesaplarda b&#246;yle bir girdi g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.  Kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k bir mesele.</p><h3>Maa&#351;lar</h3><p>Avustralya&#8217;da asgari &#252;cret, saat ba&#351;&#305; olarak ifade ediliyor ve 3 Haziran 2025'te  saati 25 Avustralya dolar&#305;na y&#252;kseltildi. Bir ayda 160 saat &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;l&#305;r dersek, ayl&#305;k &#252;cret olarak 4000A$'a denk geliyor. Asgari &#252;cret alan Avustralyal&#305; i&#351;&#231;iler yakla&#351;&#305;k 2,6 milyon veya toplam Avustralya i&#351; g&#252;c&#252;n&#252;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %18'i.</p><p>Buna k&#305;yasla, T&#252;rkiye'deki asgari &#252;cret ayda 26.000 TRY. Mevcut d&#246;viz kuruna g&#246;re bu, ayda 1018A$'a denk geliyor.</p><p>Kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m veri taban&#305; ve yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">github&#8217;dan</a> indirebilirsiniz isterseniz.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/kac-yasnda-oleceksiniz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNDg1MDEzLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNDc4MTEyMTgsImlhdCI6MTcyNTQ0NzE2NSwiZXhwIjoxNzI4MDM5MTY1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItODE2NDAzIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.gflOC_lXLtSydu2NC1z9webyHNGGRO7rOIQkTHFBQWc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;cretsizdir. 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Abone olmaktan korkmay&#305;n, her zaman tek d&#252;&#287;meye t&#305;klay&#305;p &#231;&#305;kabilirsiniz.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>&#304;statistik</strong></h2><p>Abone say&#305;s&#305; : 487</p><p>Takip&#231;i say&#305;s&#305; :663</p><p>Telif hakk&#305; yoktur. &#304;stedi&#287;iniz gibi kopyalay&#305;n da&#287;&#305;t&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The "Four Wheels" of Aging and the Cartilage Revolution]]></title><description><![CDATA[A chain of ailments, from the right shoulder down to the right knee, was the motivation to write about how fragile our body is and the coming innovations in joint repair.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/the-four-wheels-of-aging-and-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/the-four-wheels-of-aging-and-the</guid><pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 06:00:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/the-four-wheels-of-aging-and-the?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/the-four-wheels-of-aging-and-the?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Cartilage, Time, and the Illusion of Healing</h2><p>People of my age already know where this is going.</p><p>Imagine our lives as a car speeding down a long, narrow road with cliffs on either side. You are worried about the wheels. </p><p>Ageing brings a similar realisation. As the miles add up, you realize your body is made of essential subsystems.  They are the wheels keeping you on the road:</p><ul><li><p><strong>The Engine:</strong> Heart and vessels.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Chassis:</strong> Muscles and bones.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Fuel System:</strong> Metabolic function (liver, kidneys, etc.).</p></li><li><p><strong>The Control Room:</strong> Your mind.</p></li></ul><p>When young, the systems are forgiving. Get knocked out of action for weeks and return almost unchanged. Later in life, wear and tear accelerates and recovery slows. Suddenly, there is much less margin for error.</p><h2>Shoulder, hip, knee</h2><p>I have been dealing with a series of small but instructive problems.</p><p>It started with my shoulder last year. <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/166586786/part-1-from-gym-routine-to-sharp-shoulder-pain">I wrote about it then</a>.  With the help of a physiotherapist&#8212;<a href="mailto:ljsphysio@gmail.com">Louis Savill in Brisbane</a> &#8212;that issue is now almost resolved.</p><p>Encouraged by this success, I mentioned to him a dull ache in my right hip that I have lived with for nearly twenty years. It comes and goes, often blamed on &#8220;the weather,&#8221; which is a polite way of saying I had no real explanation. I assumed arthritis.</p><p>After examination, Louis suggested that even if there were some arthritic component, a more immediate issue was weakness in my hip stabilisers&#8212;particularly the <strong>gluteus medius</strong>. He prescribed a set of strengthening exercises.</p><p>I may have overdone those exercises, or simply uncovered a latent issue; my right knee then began to complain.</p><p>The working diagnosis from Louis last week:</p><blockquote><p><strong>mild cartilage irritation and possibly minor meniscal wear</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The prescription: <strong>exercise, but not too much of it</strong>&#8212;a subtle instruction. More on that later.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeJ2!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3a2651-16a3-4b62-ad30-31e6849f6c6a_750x394.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2>The paradox of cartilage</h2><p>I always was confused about cartilage.  I was able to resolve it while doing research for this post.</p><p>I had always heard that <strong>cartilage does not heal</strong>. At the same time, I had experienced joint pain that simply disappeared over time. How could both be true?</p><p>B<strong>oth statements are broadly correct&#8212;but they refer to different things.</strong></p><h2>The cartilage cannot heal itself</h2><p>This is true.  Most of the cartilage in our joints is hyaline cartilage.</p><p>It is an extraordinary material:</p><ul><li><p>Smooth, almost glass-like</p></li><li><p>Exceptionally low friction</p></li><li><p>A <strong>bearing surface between bones</strong></p></li></ul><p>But it has a critical limitation:</p><ul><li><p><strong>No direct blood supply</strong></p></li><li><p>Very few active cells</p></li></ul><p>It&#8217;s mostly a non-living matrix of collagen with a tiny population of "chondrocytes" (cartilage cells) that are too few and too slow to fix a tear.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jIh8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac6aadbb-5ba7-48ac-bd70-6cbd184a18f2_722x542.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jIh8!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac6aadbb-5ba7-48ac-bd70-6cbd184a18f2_722x542.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jIh8!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac6aadbb-5ba7-48ac-bd70-6cbd184a18f2_722x542.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jIh8!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac6aadbb-5ba7-48ac-bd70-6cbd184a18f2_722x542.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>So if it tears, it does <strong>not repair itself</strong> in the way bone does after a fracture.</p><h2>So why does the pain go away?</h2><p>Because the pain was never coming from the cartilage itself.</p><p>Cartilage has <strong>no nerve endings</strong>. The pain feeling comes from its environment.  When cartilage is damaged, torn fragments cause inflammation and mechanical irritation.  They cause pain.</p><p>Over time:</p><ul><li><p>Inflammation settles</p></li><li><p>The joint fluid (sinovial fluid) clears debris</p></li><li><p>Muscles adapt and redistribute load</p></li><li><p>The nervous system recalibrates</p></li></ul><p><strong>The pain disappears, but the structural defect often remains.</strong></p><p>I now suspect this is what happened to my knees after a hiking trip in the Victorian Alps nearly forty years ago. The pain lasted for a year, then faded.</p><h2>Not all cartilage is the same</h2><p>It is also useful to distinguish between types.</p><p>The meniscus in the knee is <strong>not</strong> hyaline cartilage. It is <strong>fibrocartilage</strong>&#8212;tougher, more like a composite gasket than a polished bearing surface.</p><p>The crucial difference from hyaline cartilage (normal cartilage):</p><ul><li><p>The outer edge (the red zone) of the meniscus has <strong>some blood supply</strong></p></li><li><p>Small tears in that region can partially heal</p></li></ul><p>If a tear is small and in the &#8220;red zone,&#8221; it actually can heal itself if given the proper rest and physiotherapy.</p><h2>The old solutions to joint problems</h2><p>Since this this wood-and-leather big toe discovered on an Egyptian mummy from 3000 years ago, treatment options have not changed too much.</p><p>At one extreme:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Do nothing</strong> and manage symptoms</p></li></ul><p>At the other:</p><ul><li><p>Replace the joint with <strong>metal and plastic components</strong><br>(total arthroplasty)</p></li></ul><p>Joint replacement is clearly a last resort. It turns a biological system into a mechanical one. It solves pain, but it does not restore youth.  Replacement joints never work as well as the original ones.  This is anecdotal evidence I collect from acquaintances who have undergone these procedures.  It is a limited sample, but covers a wide range of cases. One acquaintance had two shoulder joints and one hip replaced.  Almost a bionic woman.</p><h2>A useful comparison: dentistry</h2><p>I recently had treatment on two small areas of decay near my gums.</p><p>Twenty years ago, this would have meant drilling and filling with amalgam. This time, the dentist:</p><ul><li><p>Cleaned the surface</p></li><li><p>Applied a porcelain-like fluid</p></li><li><p>Sculpted it into shape</p></li><li><p>Let it cure in place</p></li></ul><p>The result was closer to <strong>surface restoration</strong> than structural replacement.  I must admit that at first I thought it was expensive at $800 Aussie dollars for two tooth surfaces done in less than half an hour.  On reflection, I think it is worth it.  You resurface your tooth with minimum intrusion.</p><p>Why did I mention this?</p><p>I believe we are entering the "Porcelain Era" for joints. We are moving away from major surgery toward <strong>injectable biological restoration</strong>.</p><h2>The new age of joint repair</h2><p>Instead of inserting metal and plastic artefacts into your body and trying to fit them into place, there is now a clear shift toward <strong>minimally invasive repair</strong>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Regenerative Injections:</strong> Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and stem cell therapies that use your body&#8217;s own cells to signal repair.</p></li><li><p><strong>Bio-Scaffolds:</strong> Injectable hydrogels that act like a &#8220;patch,&#8221; giving your cells a structure to grow on.</p></li><li><p><strong>mRNA &amp; Gene Therapy:</strong> New treatments (some currently awaiting FDA approval) that can actually &#8220;reprogram&#8221; your joint cells to stop breaking down and start rebuilding.</p></li></ul><p>We are shifting from &#8220;managing the decline&#8221; to &#8220;reversing the damage.&#8221; I suspect that in the near future, fixing a knee or shoulder will be as routine as my trip to the dentist. Instead of replacing damaged cartilage, your doctor will <strong>create the conditions for it to be rebuilt&#8212;or at least stabilised&#8212;in place.</strong></p><h2>Appendix - My Knee Recuperation Exercises</h2><p>If you are interested, my knee exercises are as follows.</p><h3>Three times a week</h3><p><strong>Isometric ankle push:</strong> You push against a slightly elastic object and hold for five seconds.  You can do it against a Pilates ball as shown below (the image is from the exercise program Louis sent to my phone) or against weights in an exercise regime.  I do the latter.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cKLE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cKLE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cKLE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cKLE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cKLE!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cKLE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png" width="258" height="444" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582b0c40-021c-4a25-9a28-91020c73f631_258x444.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Wall sit</strong>: Lean against a wall, move into a sitting position, and hold. I hold it for 60 seconds.</p><p><strong>Hip abduction</strong>:  Sit on a machine and push your legs outwards against resistance. Every gym has one.   </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GvDS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81151434-32ca-4f9e-93f7-f911a5df4acc_500x500.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GvDS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81151434-32ca-4f9e-93f7-f911a5df4acc_500x500.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GvDS!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81151434-32ca-4f9e-93f7-f911a5df4acc_500x500.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>Every day</h2><p>I used to walk around the block every night. I have stopped for now and will resume after the knee improves. In the meantime, I go to the gym at the same time every night and use the exercise bike for about 20 minutes. It makes the knee feel much better for the night.</p><p>Louis also asked me to roll my ankle on a foam roller whenever I have the chance. He said it is difficult to overdo it.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png" width="912" height="540" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:540,&quot;width&quot;:912,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:550159,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/195408796?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWC9!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd918ab09-2f51-47d9-ab4d-66e8606ed1aa_912x540.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Books I Read</h2><p><strong>Elizabeth Bear, Ancestral Night.</strong> I bought this book a long time ago but must have forgotten about it. Amazon Kindle web site told me that I already had it when I expressed interest in it. It is a well-crafted space opera with likeable characters in a future galactic civilisation not unlike the Culture of late Iain Banks. &#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;&#11088;&#65039;</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=32.32TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png" width="1080" height="216" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:216,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38552,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/195408796?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKGt!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5ffed9f-3d02-406d-b8ad-49a693f4474a_1080x216.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!05Mk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39acbee1-f924-4224-8bfe-3e681b8181a9_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!05Mk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39acbee1-f924-4224-8bfe-3e681b8181a9_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!05Mk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39acbee1-f924-4224-8bfe-3e681b8181a9_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!05Mk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39acbee1-f924-4224-8bfe-3e681b8181a9_788x590.png" width="788" height="590" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39acbee1-f924-4224-8bfe-3e681b8181a9_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!05Mk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39acbee1-f924-4224-8bfe-3e681b8181a9_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!05Mk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39acbee1-f924-4224-8bfe-3e681b8181a9_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!05Mk!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39acbee1-f924-4224-8bfe-3e681b8181a9_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:790,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:67562,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/195408796?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yZcn!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df11786-c846-471f-9ef2-37e4abfd1859_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian minimum wage was increased to almost $25/h on 3 June 2025. This corresponds to A$4000/month for a 160-hour month. The Australian workers being paid the minimum wage are about 2.6 million or about 18% of the total Australian work force.</p><p>The minimum wage in Turkey is 26,000 TRY/month. </p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  Leave comments and share if you want to show an appreciation of my work. You can unsubscribe anytime you want. 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Please continue your shares and mentions.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Akıllı insanlar niçin bazen en aptalca şeylere inanıyorlar?]]></title><description><![CDATA[A large number people do not believe that humans walked on the moon. They think Apollo moon landings were faked.]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/akll-insanlar-nicin-bazen-en-aptalca</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/akll-insanlar-nicin-bazen-en-aptalca</guid><pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2026 08:00:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors.</strong></em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Abonelik bedava. Abone olun ki her posta do&#287;rudan size gelsin.  &#304;lk &#246;nce siz okuyun.  Aboneli&#287;in bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; yok. 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A&#351;a&#287;&#305;daki grafik, All Ordinaries Endeksi&#8217;nin son be&#351; y&#305;ll&#305;k de&#287;i&#351;imini g&#246;steriyor.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, 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17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>28 &#350;ubat 2026&#8217;daki d&#252;&#351;meyi, bu d&#246;nem boyunca ya&#351;anan onlarca dalgalanmadan ay&#305;rt etmek imkans&#305;z.  Yani Avustralya hisse senetleri piyasas&#305; pek fazla kayg&#305;lanmam&#305;&#351;.  B&#252;y&#252;k ihtimalle, di&#287;er &#252;lke piyasalar&#305; da benziyordur.</p><p>&#8216;Uzman&#8217; s&#246;ylemleri farkl&#305;yd&#305; ama.  Mart ay&#305; boyunca, d&#252;nyan&#305;n &#304;ran krizi dolay&#305;s&#305; ile nas&#305;l bir &#231;&#246;k&#252;&#351; e&#351;i&#287;inde oldu&#287;una dair muhtelif yorumlar dinledik. M&#252;temadiyen.</p><p>Piyasa bu yorumlara inanmam&#305;&#351; demek ki.  Donald Trump&#8217;&#305;n H&#252;rm&#252;z Bo&#287;az&#305;&#8217;n&#305; bloke etme y&#246;n&#252;ndeki son hamlesini de piyasa b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de g&#246;rmezden geldi. Olas&#305; yorum, ki bu benim de sezgisel olarak vard&#305;&#287;&#305;m nokta: E&#287;er H&#252;rm&#252;z&#8217;&#252; kapatmak ger&#231;ekten &#304;ran&#8217;&#305;n oyununu bozacak bir hamle ise, neden ba&#351;tan yap&#305;lmad&#305;? Akla gelmemi&#351;tir demek zor; &#246;zellikle Venezuela&#8217;da ABD&#8217;nin nas&#305;l benzer bir abluka modelini uygulad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; hat&#305;rlarsak.</p><p>E&#287;er piyasalar&#305; perakende bilgi ve g&#246;r&#252;&#351;lerin yetkin bir birle&#351;tiricisi kabul edersek, &#231;&#305;kar&#305;m net: yat&#305;r&#305;mc&#305;lar, bu &#231;at&#305;&#351;may&#305; k&#252;resel ekonomi i&#231;in sistemik bir tehdit olarak g&#246;rm&#252;yor.</p><p>Buradan nereye var&#305;l&#305;r. Buradan ne sonu&#231; &#231;&#305;kar&#305;rs&#305;n&#305;z, o biraz da f&#305;trat&#305;n&#305;za ba&#287;l&#305;.</p><p>E&#287;er komplocu d&#252;&#351;&#252;nmeye meyilli olsayd&#305;m, z&#305;t bir u&#231; noktaya varabilir, t&#252;m bu olaylar&#305;n ABD-&#304;srail ittifak&#305;n&#305; zay&#305;flatmak i&#231;in kurguland&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; iddia edebilirdim... Yak&#305;n d&#246;nem ekonomik geli&#351;imler &#252;zerine &#8220;en iyi tahmin mekanizmas&#305;&#8221; olan piyasa (m&#252;&#351;terek ak&#305;l), &#304;ran&#8217;da kaos, petrol yataklar&#305;n&#305;n tahribi gibi ihtimallere prim vermedi &#231;&#252;nk&#252;.  Bu olay ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305; gibi biter dedi.  O zamanda, ABD&#8217;yi kim soktu bu bata&#287;a diye bir su&#231;lu aran&#305;r.  O su&#231;lunun kim oldu&#287;u da belli.  C&#252;rm&#252; me&#351;hut.</p><p>B&#246;yle bir komploya inanm&#305;yorum tabii.</p><p>Ama yaz&#305;ya ba&#351;lamak i&#231;in &#246;&#287;retici bir &#246;rnek diye d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;m.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h3>Ak&#305;ll&#305; &#304;nsanlar&#305;n Aptalca &#304;nan&#231;lar&#305;</h3><p>Takip&#231;isi oldu&#287;um bir Substack yazar&#305;, ge&#231;enlerde, Apollo Ay ini&#351;lerinin muhtemelen uydurmaca i&#351;ler oldu&#287;unu yazd&#305;.  Tamamen bamba&#351;ka bir konudan bahsederken, adeta sat&#305;r aras&#305; olarak.</p><p>Yaz&#305;m hatas&#305;d&#305;r dedim ama yine de bir yorum att&#305;m.</p><p>Yazar geri ad&#305;m atmad&#305;.</p><p>Yard&#305;msever bir okuyucu da &#8220;e&#287;itimim&#8221; i&#231;in baz&#305; ba&#287;lant&#305;lar payla&#351;t&#305; yapt&#305;&#287;&#305;m yorumun alt&#305;nda:</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://www.aulis.com/investigation.htm">https://www.aulis.com/investigation.htm</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://centerforaninformedamerica.com/moondoggie-1/">https://centerforaninformedamerica.com/moondoggie-1/</a></p></li></ul><p>Dikkatle okudum.</p><p>Hi&#231; ikna edici bulmad&#305;m.</p><h3>Yeterli Kan&#305;t Sorunu</h3><p>Belgelenmi&#351; genel olarak kabul g&#246;rm&#252;&#351; bir tarihsel olay&#305;n inkar&#305; i&#231;in, resmi anlat&#305;y&#305; destekleyen ve birbirini do&#287;rulayan kan&#305;tlar y&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n&#305; k&#252;lliyen &#231;&#252;r&#252;tmeniz gerekir.  C&#305;mb&#305;zla &#231;ekilmi&#351; birka&#231; anormalli&#287;e i&#351;aret etmek yetmez. </p><p>Apollo ay seyahatlerinin ger&#231;ekli&#287;i hakk&#305;nda &#231;ok kan&#305;t var:</p><p><strong>Jeopolitik:</strong> O zamanlar ABD&#8217;nin en b&#252;y&#252;k rakibi olan Sovyet bilim insanlar&#305;, Apollo uzay ara&#231;lar&#305;n&#305;, kendi ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z radyo ve optik teleskoplar&#305; ile izlediler. E&#287;er aya ini&#351;ler sahteyse, SSCB bunu hemen if&#351;a etmez miydi?</p><p><strong>Fiziksel:</strong> Apollo astronotlar&#305; Ay'da, bug&#252;n hala <strong>Ay Lazer Mesafe &#214;l&#231;&#252;m&#252;</strong> (LLR) deneyleri i&#231;in kullan&#305;lan retroreflekt&#246;r aynalar b&#305;rakt&#305;lar. Japonya, Rusya, &#199;in ve ABD'den bilim insanlar&#305; bu verilere dayanarak makaleler yay&#305;nlamaya devam ediyor. Hepsi mi bu s&#305;rr&#305;n orta&#287;&#305;?</p><p><strong>G&#246;rsel kan&#305;t:</strong> Hindistan, Japonya ve &#199;in&#8217;in uzay ara&#231;lar&#305; g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde ger&#231;ekle&#351;tirdikleri Ay yolculuklar&#305;nda, Apollo ini&#351; alanlar&#305;n&#305; y&#246;r&#252;ngeden g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;lediler ve bu g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;leri payla&#351;t&#305;lar. Onlar da komplonun bir par&#231;as&#305; m&#305; oluyor o zaman?</p><p>Bu temel ger&#231;eklere itiraz etmeden,  50 y&#305;ll&#305;k g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;lerdeki k&#252;&#231;&#252;k tutars&#305;zl&#305;klara i&#351;aret etmek, bir s&#246;zl&#252;kteki yaz&#305;m hatas&#305;ndan yola &#231;&#305;karak dilin var olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; iddia etmeye benzer.</p><p>Her b&#252;y&#252;k m&#252;hendislik projesinde ar&#351;ivleme ve kay&#305;t hatalar&#305; ka&#231;&#305;n&#305;lmazd&#305;r ve bunlar kendi ba&#351;lar&#305;na bir aldatmaca kan&#305;t&#305; olmazlar.</p><div><hr></div><h3>&#304;nsanlar Ger&#231;ekten Buna &#304;nan&#305;yor mu?</h3><p>G&#246;r&#252;n&#252;&#351;e g&#246;re Apollo misyonlar&#305;n&#305;n bir kurgu oldu&#287;una inanan &#231;ok var:.</p><ul><li><p>Amerikal&#305;lar&#305;n %5&#8211;10&#8217;u resmi anlat&#305;ya g&#252;venmiyor</p></li><li><p>Britanyal&#305;lar&#305;n %12&#8217;si, &#304;talyanlar&#305;n %20&#8217;si ayn&#305; g&#246;r&#252;&#351;te</p></li><li><p>Avrupa genelinde bu oran %25&#8217;e kadar &#231;&#305;k&#305;yor</p></li><li><p>2018 tarihli bir ankete g&#246;re Ruslar&#305;n %57&#8217;si de &#246;yle d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yormu&#351;.</p></li></ul><p>T&#252;rkiye i&#231;in benzer bir veri bilmiyorum.</p><p>Bu rakamlar bana ola&#287;an&#252;st&#252; geliyor. Ba&#351;ka alanlardaki fikirlerine sayg&#305; duydu&#287;um birinden duymam&#305;&#351; olsayd&#305;m, abart&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;nebilirdim.</p><p>Ama de&#287;il.</p><p>&#214;nemli bir nokta: Yazar&#305; isimlendirmiyorum. Bir alandaki hata, di&#287;er alanlardaki yetkinli&#287;i ge&#231;ersiz k&#305;lmaz. Zaten kimlik o kadar &#246;nemli de de&#287;il.</p><p>Benim meseleyi ta&#351;&#305;mak istedi&#287;im soru daha genel.</p><div><hr></div><h3>Zeki &#304;nsanlar Neden Sa&#231;mal&#305;&#287;a &#304;nan&#305;r?</h3><p>Apollo &#351;&#252;phecilerinin &#231;o&#287;u bilgisiz de&#287;il. Aksine, genellikle iyi e&#287;itimli ve mesleklerinde ba&#351;ar&#305;l&#305; insanlar.</p><p>Bu bir cehalet hik&#226;yesi de&#287;il.</p><p>Akademik &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar birka&#231; a&#231;&#305;klama sunuyor:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Entelekt&#252;el kibir:</strong> Y&#252;ksek e&#287;itim ve narsisizm birle&#351;ti&#287;inde, ki&#351;i kendini &#8220;kand&#305;r&#305;lamayacak kadar zeki&#8221; g&#246;r&#252;r ve gizli ger&#231;ekler aramaya y&#246;nelirmi&#351;.</p></li><li><p><strong>G&#252;d&#252;ml&#252; ak&#305;l y&#252;r&#252;tme:</strong> Zeki insanlar, mevcut inan&#231;lar&#305;n&#305; savunmak i&#231;in daha sofistike gerek&#231;eler &#252;retebilen insanlard&#305;r. Bazen ipin ucu ka&#231;ar.</p></li><li><p><strong>Uzmanl&#305;k paradoksu:</strong> Bir alandaki derin bilgi, ba&#351;ka alanlarda da yetkin olundu&#287;u yan&#305;lsamas&#305;n&#305; yarat&#305;r.</p></li></ul><p>Bunlar bireysel d&#252;zeyde a&#231;&#305;klamalar. </p><p>Ama bu inan&#231;lar&#305;n yay&#305;lmas&#305; i&#231;in uygun bir ortam da olmas&#305; gerekir.</p><div><hr></div><h3>Yanl&#305;&#351; Bilgi &#304;&#231;in M&#252;kemmel Ortam</h3><p>Modern toplum tam da b&#246;yle bir ortam sa&#287;l&#305;yor:</p><ul><li><p><strong>A&#351;&#305;r&#305; karma&#351;&#305;kl&#305;k:</strong> Her &#351;ey detayda o kadar karma&#351;&#305;k ki hi&#231;bir birey t&#252;m bilgileri ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z olarak do&#287;rulayamaz. Detaya inmeyen genel ge&#231;er h&#252;k&#252;mlemeleri de her yana &#231;ekmek m&#252;mk&#252;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>Kurumsal &#231;&#305;karlar:</strong> &#350;irketler, rakip teknolojileri itibars&#305;zla&#351;t&#305;rmak i&#231;in yar&#305; ger&#231;ek haberler yay&#305;yorlar m&#252;temadiyen ve hatta bazen do&#287;rudan yalan &#252;retiyorlar.</p></li><li><p><strong>Entelekt&#252;ellerin &#8220;ihaneti&#8221;:</strong> Akademisyenler finansal veya ideolojik etkilerle hareket etti&#287;inde, g&#252;venilirliklerini zedeler.  &#220;niversiteler de g&#252;venilmez olur.</p></li><li><p><strong>Te&#351;vik yap&#305;s&#305;:</strong> Sosyal medya do&#287;rulu&#287;u de&#287;il, dikkat &#231;ekicili&#287;i &#246;d&#252;llendirir.</p></li></ul><p>&#304;lk maddede de&#287;inilen karma&#351;adan do&#287;an mecburiyetten dolay&#305;,  modern d&#252;nyada teyit fonksiyonu bireylerden kurumlara devredilmi&#351;tir.</p><p>Ve bu kurumlar&#305;n ni&#231;in kusursuz olmad&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; di&#287;er maddeler ifade ediyorlar.</p><div><hr></div><h3>Sonu&#231;</h3><p>Apollo &#246;rne&#287;ini se&#231;memin nedeni, bunun &#8220;temiz&#8221; bir vaka olmas&#305;&#8212;kan&#305;tlar g&#252;&#231;l&#252;, duygusal ve ideolojik etkiler ise g&#246;rece s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; olmas&#305;.</p><p>E&#287;er zeki bir insan, Neil Armstrong&#8217;un Ay&#8217;da y&#252;r&#252;medi&#287;ine bile kendini ikna edebiliyorsa, &#231;ok daha karma&#351;&#305;k siyasi komplolar&#305;n nas&#305;l ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; anlamak zor olmuyor.</p><p>Sorun esasen kan&#305;t de&#287;il.</p><p>Sorun g&#252;ven.</p><p>G&#252;ven &#231;&#246;kt&#252;&#287;&#252;nde, kan&#305;t tek ba&#351;&#305;na yetmiyor.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>&#304;stanbul - Brisbane fiyat k&#305;yaslamas&#305; - AT endeksi</h2><p>2024 <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Temmuz ay&#305;nda</a>, ba&#351;lad&#305;m Avustralya (AU)-Brisbane Coles s&#252;permarket ve T&#252;rkiye(TR)-Istanbul Migros s&#252;permarket fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;rmaya.  <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146381001/at-endeksi">Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nler</a> s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; ama yine de bir fikir veriyor. </p><p>31 Mart k&#305;yaslamas&#305; <strong>T&#252;rk Liras&#305; olarak</strong> a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da. Avustralya fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; T&#252;rk liras&#305;na 1AUD=31.72TRY olarak &#231;evirdim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png" width="1080" height="200" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:200,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38623,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/194254931?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8n7Q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe16fdcd9-803c-493b-8917-e93ecbe5ec80_1080x200.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri,  &#304;stanbul&#8217;da et ve pirin&#231;, hep Brisbane&#8217;dan daha pahal&#305; oldu.  </p><p>&#304;lk ba&#351;ta, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki fiyatlar Avustralya&#8217;ya k&#305;yasla y&#252;kseliyordu. &#350;ubat 2025 sonras&#305; d&#252;&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Son zamanlarda sallant&#305;l&#305; gidiyor.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il2L!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb023bf22-6dce-4de2-b1f1-5f39b245b560_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il2L!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb023bf22-6dce-4de2-b1f1-5f39b245b560_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il2L!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sepetteki &#252;r&#252;nlerin toplam maliyetinin ayr&#305; ayr&#305; her iki &#252;lkede yerel para ile 5 Temmuz 2024&#8217;den beri nas&#305;l de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini a&#351;a&#287;&#305;da g&#246;rebilirsiniz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu grafikteki trendlerin s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;ini kavramam m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;il.  Kurdaki de&#287;er kayb&#305;n&#305;n her zaman enflasyon oran&#305;n&#305;n biraz &#252;zerinde seyretmesini beklerdim. M&#252;hendis hesab&#305;yla, bu grafi&#287;i s&#252;rd&#252;rmenin tek yolu &#252;lkeye d&#252;zenli d&#246;viz giri&#351;i olmas&#305;d&#305;r; ancak hesaplarda b&#246;yle bir girdi g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor.  Kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k bir mesele.</p><h3>Maa&#351;lar</h3><p>Avustralya&#8217;da asgari &#252;cret, saat ba&#351;&#305; olarak ifade ediliyor ve 3 Haziran 2025'te  saati 25 Avustralya dolar&#305;na y&#252;kseltildi. Bir ayda 160 saat &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;l&#305;r dersek, ayl&#305;k &#252;cret olarak 4000A$'a denk geliyor. Asgari &#252;cret alan Avustralyal&#305; i&#351;&#231;iler yakla&#351;&#305;k 2,6 milyon veya toplam Avustralya i&#351; g&#252;c&#252;n&#252;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %18'i.</p><p>Buna k&#305;yasla, T&#252;rkiye'deki asgari &#252;cret ayda 26.000 TRY. Mevcut d&#246;viz kuruna g&#246;re bu, ayda 1018A$'a denk geliyor.</p><p>Kulland&#305;&#287;&#305;m veri taban&#305; ve yaz&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">github&#8217;dan</a> indirebilirsiniz isterseniz.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/kac-yasnda-oleceksiniz?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNDg1MDEzLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNDc4MTEyMTgsImlhdCI6MTcyNTQ0NzE2NSwiZXhwIjoxNzI4MDM5MTY1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItODE2NDAzIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.gflOC_lXLtSydu2NC1z9webyHNGGRO7rOIQkTHFBQWc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;cretsizdir. Rahat rahat payla&#351;&#305;n daha fazla okunsun.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/akll-insanlar-nicin-bazen-en-aptalca?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/akll-insanlar-nicin-bazen-en-aptalca?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Sayfan&#305;n sonuna geldiniz. Abone olun ki gelecek sayfalar otomatikman e-posta adresinize gelsin. Abonelik &#252;cretsiz. Manevi destek olal&#305;m derseniz yorum yap&#305;n ve sayfam&#305; payla&#351;&#305;n. Abone olmaktan korkmay&#305;n, her zaman tek d&#252;&#287;meye t&#305;klay&#305;p &#231;&#305;kabilirsiniz.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>&#304;statistik</strong></h2><p>Abone say&#305;s&#305; : 482</p><p>Takip&#231;i say&#305;s&#305; :652</p><p>Telif hakk&#305; yoktur. &#304;stedi&#287;iniz gibi kopyalay&#305;n da&#287;&#305;t&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Why do rational people sometimes have irrational beliefs?]]></title><description><![CDATA[A large number people do not believe that humans walked on the moon. They think Apollo moon landings were faked,]]></description><link>https://halimgur.substack.com/p/why-do-rational-people-sometimes</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://halimgur.substack.com/p/why-do-rational-people-sometimes</guid><pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 08:28:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><strong>If interested in AI, <a href="/__u/teachwithllm.substack.com/">check my other page</a> where I write on prospects for LLM tutors. </strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Please also subscribe to make sure you will not miss future posts. Subscription is free.  Your email will not be used for other purposes.  You will receive no advertisements. </strong></p></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/s/genel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Turkish Edition&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/s/genel"><span>Turkish Edition</span></a></p><p><code>              </code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/p/why-do-rational-people-sometimes?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/why-do-rational-people-sometimes?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>I am sick of writing about the Iran war.</p><p>There is, however, one observation that only occurred to me this morning. The chart below shows the <strong>All Ordinaries Index</strong> over the last five years.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png" width="960" height="506" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:506,&quot;width&quot;:960,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:61072,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/189522638?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TXRM!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8d6f18-ce21-4c02-b9b8-511e71f651a7_960x506.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The dip on 28 February 2026 is indistinguishable from dozens of other fluctuations over that period.</p><p>Yet throughout March we were treated to a steady stream of commentary suggesting that the world, or at least the global economic order, was on the brink of collapse.</p><p>The market did not agree.Incidentally, the latest move by Donald Trump to double down on a blockade of the Strait of Hormuz appears to have been largely shrugged off by markets, at least at the time of writing. One plausible interpretation is the same intuition I find myself reaching for: if blocking Hormuz is truly a game-changer, why was it not the opening move? It is difficult to argue that the option had not been considered earlier, particularly given that the current strategy explicitly draws on the earlier U.S. blockade model applied in Venezuela.</p><p>If one takes markets seriously as aggregators of distributed information, then the implication is straightforward: traders&#8212;collectively risking real capital&#8212;did not perceive the conflict as a systemic threat to the global economy.</p><p>You may draw your own conclusions.</p><p>If I were inclined toward conspiratorial thinking, I might even argue the opposite extreme: that the entire affair was engineered to weaken the U.S.&#8211;Israeli alliance. After all, the &#8220;best predictive mechanism&#8221; we have&#8212;the market&#8212;registered little concern.</p><p>I do not believe this.</p><p>But it is an instructive way to begin.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Stupid Beliefs of Smart People</h2><p>On a recent Substack post, I read&#8212;almost in passing&#8212;that the author believed the Apollo moon landings may have never happened.</p><p>At first I assumed it was a typo. I commented.</p><p>The author doubled down.</p><p>A helpful reader offered the following links &#8220;for my education&#8221;:</p><blockquote><p>https://www.aulis.com/investigation.htm</p><p>https://centerforaninformedamerica.com/moondoggie-1/</p></blockquote><p>I read them carefully. I was not persuaded.</p><h3>The Problem of Overwhelming Evidence</h3><p>If one wishes to reject a well-documented historical event, it is not enough to point to anomalies. One must first dismantle the overwhelming body of converging evidence.</p><ul><li><p><strong>The Geopolitical Proof:</strong> Soviet scientists&#8212;America&#8217;s fiercest rivals&#8212;tracked the Apollo spacecraft using deep-space radio antennas and optical telescopes. If the landings were a hoax, why didn&#8217;t the USSR expose it?</p></li><li><p><strong>The Physical Proof:</strong> Apollo astronauts left retroreflector mirrors on the moon that are still used today for <strong>Lunar Laser Ranging</strong> experiments. Scientists from Japan, Russia, China, and the U.S. continue to publish papers based on this data. Are they all in on the secret?</p></li><li><p><strong>The Visual Proof:</strong> Modern lunar missions from India, Japan, and China have all photographed the Apollo landing sites from lunar orbit.</p></li></ul><p>Unless these foundational facts are addressed, pointing to minor inconsistencies in 50-year-old footage is akin to finding a typo in a dictionary and concluding that the language itself does not exist.</p><p>In any large engineering project, minor archival or recording errors are inevitable. They are not evidence of a planetary-scale deception.</p><h2>Do people really believe this?</h2><p>Apparently, yes.</p><p>A survey by the <strong>TRESCA EU</strong> research project found that <strong>25% of Europeans</strong> across seven countries agreed the landings were a hoax. Other reports indicate:</p><ul><li><p><strong>5&#8211;10%</strong> of Americans distrust the official account.</p></li><li><p><strong>12%</strong> of Britons and <strong>20%</strong> of Italians believe in the conspiracy.</p></li><li><p><strong>57%</strong> of Russians (according to a 2018 poll) believe it was a hoax&#8212;a figure likely inflated by anti-Western sentiment.</p></li></ul><p> I am not aware of comparable data for Turkey.</p><p>I find these numbers extraordinary. Had I not encountered this belief directly from someone I otherwise respect, I might have assumed such views were exaggerated for effect.</p><p>They are not.</p><p>Importantly, I do not name the author. Competence in one domain is not invalidated by error in another.</p><p>This raises a more interesting question:</p><h2><strong>Why do intelligent people believe in nonsense?</strong></h2><p>It is striking that many Apollo skeptics come from science and engineering backgrounds. They are often professionally successful. This is not a story about ignorance.</p><p>Academic research offers several explanations:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Intellectual Arrogance:</strong> Narcissism paired with high education can make a person feel they are &#8220;too smart&#8221; to be fooled by the mainstream, leading them to seek &#8220;hidden&#8221; truths.</p></li><li><p><strong>Motivated Reasoning:</strong> Highly intelligent people are often better at constructing sophisticated rationalizations to defend pre-existing worldviews or cultural identities.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Specialization Paradox:</strong> Deep expertise in one domain can produce unwarranted confidence in unrelated domains..</p></li></ol><p>These factors help explain individual susceptibility. But individual flaws require a social environment in which they can flourish.</p><h2>A Modern Environment for Misinformation</h2><p>Modern society provides the perfect incubator for delusional growth:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Complexity:</strong> Science has become so specialized that it is impossible for one person to independently verify every fact. </p></li><li><p><strong>Corporate Interests:</strong> Companies often fund campaigns of half-truths and sometimes lies to discredit a competitor&#8217;s technology. The end result is no one believes in anything.</p></li><li><p><strong>The &#8220;Treason&#8221; of Intellectuals:</strong> When university academics pursue corporate funding or allow personal biases to infect their research, they compromise the very institutions meant to be our &#8220;truth-checkers.&#8221;  I dedicated <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/p/treason-of-intellectuals">a whole blog post to this in September 2025</a>.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Incentive of the &#8220;Tall Tale&#8221;:</strong> Social media rewards engagement. Telling a &#8220;boring&#8221; truth doesn&#8217;t pay as well as a captivating, controversial lie that attracts followers and ad revenue.</p></li></ul><p>Of these, the first may be the most important. In a pre-modern world, a single individual could verify much of what mattered to their daily lives. In a technological civilization, verification is delegated to institutions. We depend on distributed systems of expertise.  And we know that experts are not reluctant to tell lies or at least to hide truth from us: at best for the higher good at the worst for profit.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>I used the Lunar Landing conspiracy as an example because it is a &#8220;clean&#8221; case&#8212;a clear set of facts with fewer emotional or political confounding biases than most topics. But the logic applies everywhere.</p><p>If an intelligent person can convince themselves that Neil Armstrong never walked on the Moon, then it becomes easier to understand how far more complex political conspiracies take hold.</p><p>The issue is not primarily evidence.</p><p>It is trust.</p><p>Once trust erodes, evidence alone is no longer sufficient.</p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><p></p><p>-+-+-+-+</p><h2>Comparing Istanbul and Brisbane prices - AT index</h2><p>Based on <a href="/__u/halimgur.substack.com/i/146002988/at-index">my basket of goods</a>, I compare Turkish and Australian prices. Both <a href="https://www.coles.com.au/">Coles (AU)</a> and <a href="https://www.migros.com.tr/sepetim">Migros (TR) </a>prices are expressed in Turkish liras in the following tables. I converted Coles prices to Turkish liras at the exchange rate of 1AUD=31.72TRY.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png" width="1082" height="218" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:218,&quot;width&quot;:1082,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:39135,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/189522638?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!as8q!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ce8d03-85ed-47dc-ab43-9361f98703e7_1082x218.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I started this section on 5 July 2024. The Turkish prices initially rose fast. Since February 2025, the Turkish prices had been getting increasingly lower compared to the Australian prices. The trend seems to have been reversing with the Turkish prices rising again compared to the Australian prices but is highly volatile.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png" width="788" height="590" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:590,&quot;width&quot;:788,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38402,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/i/189522638?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4V_w!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4115df6-f11e-4fb2-a52b-1abf3d1cd161_788x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Some items, e.g. beef mince and rice, have consistently been more expensive in Istanbul. Raw data can be downloaded from my<a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices"> github</a> page.</p><p>The following chart shows the variation of the total cost for the basket in each country separately taking 5 July 2024 as the base.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2i4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2i4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_424, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2i4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2i4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2i4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2i4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png" width="790" height="590" 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/__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2i4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_848, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2i4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2i4!, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/halimgur.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9c4c69a-d689-4fe7-956b-ab159119d8a3_790x590.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Wages</strong></h3><p>The Australian minimum wage was increased to almost $25/h on 3 June 2025. This corresponds to A$4000/month for a 160-hour month. The Australian workers being paid the minimum wage are about 2.6 million or about 18% of the total Australian work force.</p><p>The minimum wage in Turkey is 26,000 TRY/month. At the current exchange rate this corresponds to A$1018/month.</p><p>The code to create the above tables and the charts is in <a href="https://github.com/Gurgenci/prices">my github repository</a> and can be downloaded if you are interested</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://halimgur.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Halim&#8217;in G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252; --- Halim's Diary! Subscribe for free to receive new posts.  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