<script data-pm-proxy="intercept"></script><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Paul Tian ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Merci de monter à bord de ma newsletter : un voyage à travers mes récits, réflexions, instantanés...]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ze2p!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e689187-f297-4732-8574-25564e5f1e00_1280x1280.png</url><title>Paul Tian </title><link>https://paultian.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 23:07:30 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[fr]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[paultian@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[paultian@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[paultian@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[paultian@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Fibre Excellence : peut-on sauver une usine sans repreneur ?]]></title><description><![CDATA[91 millions d&#8217;euros, 270 emplois en jeu et l&#8217;&#201;tat appel&#233; au secours. &#192; quelques jours de l&#8217;audience d&#233;cisive, Fibre Excellence cherche toujours son industriel majoritaire.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/fibre-excellence-peut-on-sauver-une</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/fibre-excellence-peut-on-sauver-une</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 15:06:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p5ki!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F119c0d4d-331d-481f-b587-170105377b0a_784x444.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p5ki!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F119c0d4d-331d-481f-b587-170105377b0a_784x444.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F119c0d4d-331d-481f-b587-170105377b0a_784x444.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p5ki!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F119c0d4d-331d-481f-b587-170105377b0a_784x444.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p5ki!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F119c0d4d-331d-481f-b587-170105377b0a_784x444.webp" width="784" height="444" 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F119c0d4d-331d-481f-b587-170105377b0a_784x444.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p5ki!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F119c0d4d-331d-481f-b587-170105377b0a_784x444.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p5ki!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F119c0d4d-331d-481f-b587-170105377b0a_784x444.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p5ki!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F119c0d4d-331d-481f-b587-170105377b0a_784x444.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><blockquote><p>&#192; six jours de l&#8217;audience d&#233;cisive devant le tribunal de commerce de Toulouse, le dossier <em>Fibre Excellence</em> entre dans sa derni&#232;re ligne droite. Et derri&#232;re les 91 millions d&#8217;euros annonc&#233;s, les 270 emplois menac&#233;s et l&#8217;appel &#224; Emmanuel Macron, une question demeure : qui reprendra r&#233;ellement l&#8217;usine de Saint-Gaudens ?</p></blockquote><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>*</strong></p><p>Ce mercredi 2 septembre, &#224; l&#8217;occasion d&#8217;une conf&#233;rence de presse &#224; Toulouse, Carole Delga a demand&#233; une nationalisation temporaire du site, plac&#233; en liquidation judiciaire depuis le 29 juillet. La pr&#233;sidente de la R&#233;gion Occitanie souhaite que l&#8217;&#201;tat apporte 15 millions d&#8217;euros et entre provisoirement au capital, aux c&#244;t&#233;s de la R&#233;gion qui pr&#233;voit d&#8217;engager environ 13 millions.</p><blockquote><p>L&#8217;objectif est de gagner trois ou quatre mois, le temps de trouver l&#8217;industriel capable de prendre durablement les commandes de la derni&#232;re usine fran&#231;aise de p&#226;te &#224; papier.</p></blockquote><p>Car le projet a d&#233;sormais des financements, des partenaires et un business plan. Mais il lui manque encore son acteur principal.</p><p>L&#8217;offre d&#233;pos&#233;e le 24 ao&#251;t par l&#8217;Agence r&#233;gionale des investissements strat&#233;giques (ARIS) repr&#233;sente 91 millions d&#8217;euros : 31 millions pour red&#233;marrer l&#8217;activit&#233; et 60 millions pour diversifier et moderniser le site. Plusieurs industriels sont associ&#233;s au projet, dont Soprema.</p><p>Mais le groupe alsacien, sp&#233;cialiste de l&#8217;&#233;tanch&#233;it&#233; et de l&#8217;isolation, n&#8217;a jamais eu vocation &#224; reprendre <em>Fibre Excellence</em>. Il pourrait valoriser les copeaux de bois, acheter la chaleur produite sur place et d&#233;velopper une activit&#233; industrielle &#224; proximit&#233;.</p><p>Reste donc &#224; trouver l&#8217;actionnaire industriel appel&#233; &#224; d&#233;tenir 52 % du capital. Et c&#8217;est l&#224; toute la fragilit&#233; actuelle du dossier.</p><h4>Acheter du temps avec de l&#8217;argent public</h4><p>Il n&#8217;existe plus en France d&#8217;autre papetier susceptible de reprendre l&#8217;usine. La recherche se tourne donc vers l&#8217;&#233;tranger et la R&#233;gion estime avoir besoin de trois &#224; quatre mois pour convaincre un op&#233;rateur.</p><p>Le probl&#232;me est que le calendrier judiciaire se compte d&#233;sormais en jours. L&#8217;offre peut &#234;tre ajust&#233;e jusqu&#8217;&#224; jeudi (3 septembre) et le tribunal de commerce doit l&#8217;examiner &#224; huis clos le 8.</p><blockquote><p>La nationalisation temporaire d&#233;fendue par Carole Delga r&#233;pond &#224; cette contradiction : faire de l&#8217;&#201;tat et de la R&#233;gion des actionnaires de transition en attendant qu&#8217;un industriel priv&#233; prenne le relais.</p></blockquote><p>La solution n&#8217;a donc rien d&#8217;une nationalisation classique. Il s&#8217;agit avant tout d&#8217;acheter du temps. Mais avec de l&#8217;argent public, ce qui pose n&#233;cessairement la question de la solidit&#233; du projet pr&#233;sent&#233;.</p><p>Carole Delga assure que les fondamentaux &#233;conomiques permettent d&#8217;y croire. Le site &#233;tait b&#233;n&#233;ficiaire jusqu&#8217;en 2024, avec jusqu&#8217;&#224; 9 millions d&#8217;euros d&#8217;exc&#233;dent annuel, avant d&#8217;&#234;tre d&#233;stabilis&#233; par la flamb&#233;e du prix du bois. La baisse de 20 % du co&#251;t de l&#8217;&#233;lectricit&#233; obtenue au printemps et de nouvelles pistes d&#8217;approvisionnement permettraient, selon la R&#233;gion, un retour &#224; la rentabilit&#233; fin 2027.</p><blockquote><p>La fermeture aurait elle aussi un prix : environ 55 millions d&#8217;euros, selon les estimations avanc&#233;es, entre cons&#233;quences sociales, d&#233;pollution, d&#233;mant&#232;lement et impact sur la fili&#232;re.</p></blockquote><h4>Souverainet&#233; ou sauvetage industriel ?</h4><p>Carole Delga ajoute un autre argument : celui de la souverainet&#233;. La disparition de l&#8217;usine de Saint-Gaudens ferait dispara&#238;tre la derni&#232;re production fran&#231;aise de p&#226;te &#224; papier et augmenterait encore la d&#233;pendance du pays aux importations.</p><blockquote><p>L&#8217;argument m&#233;rite d&#8217;&#234;tre entendu. Mais il m&#233;rite &#233;galement d&#8217;&#234;tre interrog&#233;.</p></blockquote><p>Toute activit&#233; industrielle menac&#233;e peut-elle &#234;tre qualifi&#233;e de strat&#233;gique d&#232;s lors qu&#8217;elle devient la derni&#232;re de son secteur en France ? Et jusqu&#8217;o&#249; l&#8217;&#201;tat doit-il intervenir pour pr&#233;server un outil de production lorsqu&#8217;aucun industriel priv&#233; n&#8217;est encore pr&#234;t &#224; en prendre le contr&#244;le ?</p><blockquote><p>C&#8217;est probablement l&#224; que se situe d&#233;sormais le v&#233;ritable d&#233;bat autour de <em>Fibre Excellence</em>.</p></blockquote><p>Il ne s&#8217;agit &#233;videmment pas de nier ce que repr&#233;sente l&#8217;usine pour le Comminges : 270 emplois directs, toute une fili&#232;re bois, des sous-traitants, des comp&#233;tences et une histoire industrielle. </p><blockquote><p>Mais pr&#233;cis&#233;ment parce que l&#8217;enjeu est consid&#233;rable, l&#8217;espoir des salari&#233;s ne peut reposer uniquement sur des annonces.</p></blockquote><p>Depuis mai, la R&#233;gion affirme avoir mobilis&#233; 15 agents &#224; temps plein, mandat&#233; des cabinets sp&#233;cialis&#233;s et approch&#233; pr&#232;s de 150 entreprises. Cet investissement montre l&#8217;ampleur du travail engag&#233;. Il montre aussi, en creux, la difficult&#233; &#224; trouver celui qui manque toujours autour de la table : le papetier pr&#234;t &#224; prendre la majorit&#233; du capital.</p><h4>Le temps judiciaire contre le temps industriel</h4><p>Carole Delga reproche d&#233;sormais ouvertement &#224; l&#8217;&#201;tat son manque d&#8217;implication et consid&#232;re qu&#8217;une partie du travail effectu&#233; par la R&#233;gion aurait d&#251; l&#8217;&#234;tre par Bercy. Elle demande donc &#224; Emmanuel Macron de prendre sa part.</p><p>Ses contradicteurs lui r&#233;pondent qu&#8217;on ne peut engager des millions d&#8217;euros suppl&#233;mentaires d&#8217;argent public sans garanties suffisantes sur l&#8217;avenir industriel du site.</p><p>Les deux questions sont l&#233;gitimes.</p><blockquote><p>Que co&#251;terait &#224; la France la disparition d&#233;finitive de sa derni&#232;re usine de p&#226;te &#224; papier ? Mais aussi : que garantit r&#233;ellement aujourd&#8217;hui le projet de reprise en l&#8217;absence de son futur actionnaire industriel majoritaire ?</p></blockquote><p>C&#8217;est entre ces deux interrogations que se joue d&#233;sormais l&#8217;avenir de <em>Fibre Excellence</em>.</p><p>Le 8 septembre, le tribunal de commerce devra raisonner avec les &#233;l&#233;ments dont il dispose. Carole Delga, elle, demande &#224; l&#8217;&#201;tat de suspendre en quelque sorte le chronom&#232;tre pour permettre au projet d&#8217;aboutir.</p><p>Pour les salari&#233;s de Saint-Gaudens, l&#8217;urgence n&#8217;est plus aux d&#233;clarations. Elle est de savoir si, derri&#232;re les 91 millions d&#8217;euros et les partenaires d&#233;j&#224; r&#233;unis, un industriel acceptera finalement de mettre son nom, son capital et son avenir dans l&#8217;usine.</p><blockquote><p>C&#8217;est lui, plus encore que l&#8217;&#201;tat ou la R&#233;gion, qui manque aujourd&#8217;hui &#224; la table.</p></blockquote><p><strong>Rappel</strong> : La nationalisation de <em>Fibre Excellence</em> n&#8217;est pas une id&#233;e nouvelle. D&#232;s le 27 mars 2026, une proposition de loi avait &#233;t&#233; d&#233;pos&#233;e &#224; l&#8217;Assembl&#233;e nationale pour nationaliser l&#8217;entreprise, alors consid&#233;r&#233;e comme strat&#233;gique pour la production fran&#231;aise de p&#226;te &#224; papier. Port&#233; notamment par le d&#233;put&#233; LFI de Haute-Garonne Hadrien Clouet, le texte alertait d&#233;j&#224; sur la fragilit&#233; de la fili&#232;re et le risque de voir dispara&#238;tre un outil industriel jug&#233; essentiel. (<strong><a href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/industrie-papetiere-une-proposition?utm_source=publication-search">Lire ici</a></strong>)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/fibre-excellence-peut-on-sauver-une?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/fibre-excellence-peut-on-sauver-une?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/fibre-excellence-peut-on-sauver-une/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/fibre-excellence-peut-on-sauver-une/comments"><span>Laissez un commentaire.</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/subscribe"><span>S'abonner maintenant</span></a></p><div class="install-substack-app-embed install-substack-app-embed-web" data-component-name="InstallSubstackAppToDOM"><img class="install-substack-app-embed-img" src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ze2p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e689187-f297-4732-8574-25564e5f1e00_1280x1280.png"><div class="install-substack-app-embed-text"><div class="install-substack-app-header">Profitez davantage de Paul Tian avec l'App Substack</div><div class="install-substack-app-text">Disponible sur iOS et Android</div></div><a href="/__u/substack.com/app/app-store-redirect?utm_campaign=app-marketing&amp;utm_content=author-post-insert&amp;utm_source=paultian" target="_blank" class="install-substack-app-embed-link"><button class="install-substack-app-embed-btn button primary">Obtenir l&#8217;appli</button></a></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Ne pas appuyer sur le bouton]]></title><description><![CDATA[Il suffisait de ne pas le toucher. C'est ce que j'ai r&#233;pondu un mercredi apr&#232;s-midi, &#224; Bordeaux, &#224; une m&#232;re d&#233;sempar&#233;e. Un dessin de Deligne me l'a rappel&#233; ce matin.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/ne-pas-appuyer-sur-le-bouton</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/ne-pas-appuyer-sur-le-bouton</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:09:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1700221981891-751d52e54e39?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MXx8dHYlMjBhdmVjJTIwJUMzJUE5Y3JhbiUyMG5vaXJ8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MzM5OTcwfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1700221981891-751d52e54e39?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MXx8dHYlMjBhdmVjJTIwJUMzJUE5Y3JhbiUyMG5vaXJ8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MzM5OTcwfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1700221981891-751d52e54e39?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MXx8dHYlMjBhdmVjJTIwJUMzJUE5Y3JhbiUyMG5vaXJ8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MzM5OTcwfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1700221981891-751d52e54e39?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MXx8dHYlMjBhdmVjJTIwJUMzJUE5Y3JhbiUyMG5vaXJ8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MzM5OTcwfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="5999" height="4000" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1700221981891-751d52e54e39?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MXx8dHYlMjBhdmVjJTIwJUMzJUE5Y3JhbiUyMG5vaXJ8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MzM5OTcwfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:4000,&quot;width&quot;:5999,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;a flat screen tv sitting on top of a wooden stand&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="a flat screen tv sitting on top of a wooden stand" title="a flat screen tv sitting on top of a wooden stand" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1700221981891-751d52e54e39?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MXx8dHYlMjBhdmVjJTIwJUMzJUE5Y3JhbiUyMG5vaXJ8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MzM5OTcwfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1700221981891-751d52e54e39?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MXx8dHYlMjBhdmVjJTIwJUMzJUE5Y3JhbiUyMG5vaXJ8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MzM5OTcwfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1700221981891-751d52e54e39?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MXx8dHYlMjBhdmVjJTIwJUMzJUE5Y3JhbiUyMG5vaXJ8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MzM5OTcwfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1700221981891-751d52e54e39?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MXx8dHYlMjBhdmVjJTIwJUMzJUE5Y3JhbiUyMG5vaXJ8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MzM5OTcwfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@jalgtvstand">JALG TV Stand</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Ce matin, dans les pages d&#8217;un quotidien r&#233;gional, un dessin de Deligne. Rentr&#233;e scolaire. Un panneau &#224; l&#8217;entr&#233;e de l&#8217;&#233;tablissement : <em>&#201;teignez votre smartphone et laissez-le &#224; l&#8217;entr&#233;e.</em> Un bac, en dessous, d&#233;j&#224; rempli de t&#233;l&#233;phones bleus et gris. Et un gamin, cheveux en bataille, sac &#224; dos, qui l&#232;ve les yeux vers le surveillant et lui lance : </p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Vous voulez dire qu&#8217;il existe un bouton pour l&#8217;&#233;teindre ?</em></p></div><p>J&#8217;ai souri. Puis autre chose est remont&#233;, intact, comme ces images qui n&#8217;attendent qu&#8217;un pr&#233;texte pour ressurgir.</p><p>C&#8217;&#233;tait &#224; Bordeaux. Je venais de m&#8217;installer dans un quartier qu&#8217;on disait chic, couru, tout pr&#232;s d&#8217;une &#233;cole primaire r&#233;put&#233;e o&#249; les parents ais&#233;s faisaient des pieds et des mains pour inscrire leurs enfants, ceux, du moins, qui ne les mettaient pas d&#233;j&#224; dans le priv&#233;. Un mercredi apr&#232;s-midi, mon fils avait invit&#233; un petit camarade &#224; la maison. Pierre. Sa m&#232;re est venue le r&#233;cup&#233;rer en d&#233;but d&#8217;apr&#232;s-midi. Je lui ai offert un caf&#233;.</p><p>Elle &#233;tait chirurgienne, comme son mari. Haute soci&#233;t&#233; bordelaise, cliniques, gardes, emplois du temps qui ne laissent pas de place. Nous avons parl&#233; de choses et d&#8217;autres, et puis son regard s&#8217;est pos&#233; sur mon poste de t&#233;l&#233;vision, dans un coin du salon. Elle m&#8217;a demand&#233;, tout de go, main tendue vers l&#8217;&#233;cran : </p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Comment faites-vous pour g&#233;rer &#231;a ?</em></p></div><p>&#192; l&#8217;&#233;poque, les &#233;crans comme on les conna&#238;t aujourd&#8217;hui n&#8217;existaient pas. Il n&#8217;y avait que la t&#233;l&#233;vision. La sacro-sainte t&#233;l&#233;vision, d&#233;j&#224; nounou de tant d&#8217;enfants, d&#233;j&#224; refuge des programmes les plus consternants, et je dois avouer, avec le recul et ce que je vois aujourd&#8217;hui d&#233;filer sur les smartphones, que ces &#233;missions-l&#224; &#233;taient peut-&#234;tre moins b&#234;tes que je ne le croyais alors.</p><p>Elle a insist&#233;. Elle savait que Pierre passait des heures devant le petit &#233;cran, elle savait que ce n&#8217;&#233;tait pas bon, et elle avait fini par baisser les bras, faute de temps, faute d&#8217;&#233;nergie. </p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Mais comment faites-vous, vraiment ?</em></p></div><p>Je lui ai dit que chez nous, c&#8217;&#233;tait simple : on ne regardait jamais la t&#233;l&#233;vision, on enregistrait des films et des documentaires sur le magn&#233;toscope, on louait des cassettes au vid&#233;o-club du quartier.</p><p>Elle a repos&#233; la question, une troisi&#232;me fois, comme si la r&#233;ponse lui &#233;chappait encore. Alors je me suis lev&#233;. Je suis all&#233; vers le poste. Et je lui ai montr&#233; le bouton, l&#224;, marche-arr&#234;t.</p><p>&#8212; Vous voyez ce bouton ? </p><p>&#8212; Oui. </p><p>&#8212; Eh bien, il suffit de ne pas le toucher.</p><p>Et l&#8217;&#233;cran reste muet.</p><p>Je revois encore son visage. Stup&#233;faction, d&#8217;abord, comme si je venais de lui r&#233;v&#233;ler un m&#233;canisme secret. Puis autre chose, plus lent &#224; se dessiner : la compr&#233;hension que rien, dans cette histoire, ne relevait de la technique. Que le probl&#232;me n&#8217;&#233;tait ni le poste, ni les programmes, ni m&#234;me le temps qui manquait. Qu&#8217;il s&#8217;agissait, depuis le d&#233;but, d&#8217;une chose que nous seuls, parents, avions le pouvoir d&#8217;accorder ou de refuser &#224; un &#233;cran : celui de devenir le gardien de l&#8217;enfance &#224; notre place.</p><p>Le gamin du dessin de Deligne ne dit pas autre chose, &#224; sa fa&#231;on, avec son ironie de coll&#233;gien. Il d&#233;couvre, incr&#233;dule, qu&#8217;un objet qu&#8217;il croyait tout-puissant ob&#233;it en r&#233;alit&#233; &#224; un geste minuscule. </p><blockquote><p>Trente ans s&#233;parent le magn&#233;toscope du smartphone. Le bouton, lui, n&#8217;a pas chang&#233; de place.</p></blockquote><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/ne-pas-appuyer-sur-le-bouton?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/ne-pas-appuyer-sur-le-bouton?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/ne-pas-appuyer-sur-le-bouton/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/ne-pas-appuyer-sur-le-bouton/comments"><span>Laissez un commentaire.</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/subscribe"><span>S'abonner maintenant</span></a></p><div class="install-substack-app-embed install-substack-app-embed-web" data-component-name="InstallSubstackAppToDOM"><img class="install-substack-app-embed-img" src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ze2p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e689187-f297-4732-8574-25564e5f1e00_1280x1280.png"><div class="install-substack-app-embed-text"><div class="install-substack-app-header">Profitez davantage de Paul Tian avec l'App Substack</div><div class="install-substack-app-text">Disponible sur iOS et Android</div></div><a href="/__u/substack.com/app/app-store-redirect?utm_campaign=app-marketing&amp;utm_content=author-post-insert&amp;utm_source=paultian" target="_blank" class="install-substack-app-embed-link"><button class="install-substack-app-embed-btn button primary">Obtenir l&#8217;appli</button></a></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[France : quand la cocaïne devient ordinaire]]></title><description><![CDATA[On la saisit dans les ports, on la r&#233;cup&#232;re au large, on la revend dans les villes et on la consomme comme si elle n&#8217;&#233;tait qu&#8217;un produit de plus. La coca&#239;ne est devenue ordinaire]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/france-quand-la-cocaine-devient-ordinaire</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/france-quand-la-cocaine-devient-ordinaire</guid><pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:30:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1653675492052-c54ba1667447?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOXx8Y29jYSVDMyVBRm5lfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4ODI1NDQ3MXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1653675492052-c54ba1667447?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxOXx8Y29jYSVDMyVBRm5lfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4ODI1NDQ3MXww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@aivenieks">Aiva Apsite</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p>La France compte ses tonnes de coke comme on compterait les naufrages. Quatre-vingt-quinze tonnes de coca&#239;ne saisies en 2025. Un chiffre immense, presque abstrait, qui dit pourtant quelque chose de tr&#232;s concret : la drogue ne passe plus exceptionnellement par le pays, elle y circule &#224; grande &#233;chelle.</p><p>Elle arrive dans les conteneurs, depuis l&#8217;Am&#233;rique latine, traverse les ports du Havre, de Marseille, d&#8217;Anvers ou de Rotterdam, se glisse dans les cargaisons l&#233;gales et se disperse selon les principes efficaces de toute &#233;conomie mondialis&#233;e : diversification des itin&#233;raires, division du travail, sous-traitance et adaptation permanente.</p><p>Les douanes interceptent un bateau. Les r&#233;seaux en affr&#232;tent un autre. Une cargaison dispara&#238;t ; plusieurs continuent leur route. Le trafic a compris avant nous la logique du brouillage : multiplier les flux pour rendre l&#8217;ensemble ind&#233;chiffrable.</p><blockquote><p>Mais la coca&#239;ne ne se contente plus d&#8217;entrer en France. Elle s&#8217;y installe.</p></blockquote><p>Elle &#233;tait autrefois associ&#233;e &#224; certains milieux, &#224; certaines nuits, &#224; une forme de distinction sociale. Elle est d&#233;sormais vendue dans des environnements plus larges, &#224; des consommateurs plus nombreux, parfois plus jeunes, parfois plus pr&#233;caires. Son prix baisse, son acc&#232;s s&#8217;&#233;largit, son usage se banalise. Voil&#224; le mot qu&#8217;il faut oser prononcer : banalisation.</p><p>La coca&#239;ne n&#8217;est pas devenue inoffensive parce qu&#8217;elle est devenue plus courante. Elle est seulement devenue plus discr&#232;te. Elle ne ressemble pas toujours &#224; la drogue. Elle peut prendre le visage d&#8217;un stimulant de soir&#233;e, d&#8217;un coup de pouce professionnel, d&#8217;une habitude mondaine ou d&#8217;un secret bien gard&#233;.</p><p>C&#8217;est l&#224; que commence notre hypocrisie collective. Nous voyons les passeurs, les ports et les saisies. Nous voyons moins les consommateurs ordinaires, les salari&#233;s &#233;puis&#233;s, les &#233;tudiants sous pression, les f&#234;tards qui ne dorment plus, les familles qui d&#233;couvrent trop tard qu&#8217;une pratique occasionnelle est devenue une d&#233;pendance.</p><blockquote><p>La marchandise, elle, a parcouru des milliers de kilom&#232;tres. Mais son dernier trajet est souvent tr&#232;s court : une rue, une soir&#233;e, un appartement, un vestiaire, un bureau.</p></blockquote><p>Derri&#232;re chaque gramme vendu, il y a pourtant une cha&#238;ne enti&#232;re : producteurs, transporteurs, logisticiens, revendeurs, blanchisseurs, corrupteurs et victimes. Le consommateur n&#8217;est pas toujours responsable de toute cette cha&#238;ne, mais il en constitue le d&#233;bouch&#233;. Le march&#233; criminel n&#8217;existe pas sans demande.</p><p>La France ne sera pas sauv&#233;e par les seuls records de saisies. Elle devra s&#8217;interroger sur ce que la coca&#239;ne vient combler : la fatigue, la pression, la f&#234;te obligatoire, la performance permanente, la solitude parfois. </p><blockquote><p>R&#233;primer les r&#233;seaux est indispensable. Soigner les d&#233;pendances l&#8217;est tout autant. Pr&#233;venir vaut mieux que commenter les naufrages une fois la marchandise &#233;chou&#233;e sur les plages.</p></blockquote><p>La coca&#239;ne est entr&#233;e par les ports. Mais si elle a pu se r&#233;pandre si vite, c&#8217;est qu&#8217;elle a trouv&#233; dans la soci&#233;t&#233; fran&#231;aise des portes d&#233;j&#224; ouvertes. Elle y circule d&#233;sormais avec l&#8217;apparence de la normalit&#233;.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/subscribe"><span>S'abonner maintenant</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/france-quand-la-cocaine-devient-ordinaire/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/france-quand-la-cocaine-devient-ordinaire/comments"><span>Laissez un commentaire.</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" 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url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sw_w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda529423-5b65-4bcb-a69f-c1aabcfeabdd_780x1142.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sw_w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda529423-5b65-4bcb-a69f-c1aabcfeabdd_780x1142.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sw_w!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda529423-5b65-4bcb-a69f-c1aabcfeabdd_780x1142.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sw_w!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda529423-5b65-4bcb-a69f-c1aabcfeabdd_780x1142.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sw_w!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda529423-5b65-4bcb-a69f-c1aabcfeabdd_780x1142.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sw_w!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda529423-5b65-4bcb-a69f-c1aabcfeabdd_780x1142.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sw_w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda529423-5b65-4bcb-a69f-c1aabcfeabdd_780x1142.webp" width="394" height="576.8564102564103" 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda529423-5b65-4bcb-a69f-c1aabcfeabdd_780x1142.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>Il arrive parfois qu&#8217;un premier roman fasse &#233;clater le paysage litt&#233;raire comme une grenade silencieuse. </span><em><span>C&#8217;&#233;tait &#231;a ou mourir</span></em><span>, du Qu&#233;b&#233;cois d&#8217;origine ha&#239;tienne Th&#233;lyson Or&#233;lien, est de cette trempe-l&#224; : un texte qui ne cherche pas &#224; s&#233;duire mais &#224; dire, et qui, ce faisant, s&#8217;impose comme l&#8217;un des r&#233;cits majeurs de cette rentr&#233;e.</span></p><p><span>Jonas Dorl&#233;on, professeur d&#8217;histoire-g&#233;ographie &#224; Carrefour-Feuilles, quitte Ha&#239;ti dans l&#8217;urgence absolue, un sac Carrefour pour tout bagage. Un dipl&#244;me, un cahier de po&#232;mes, une photo de sa m&#232;re, un slip propre : voil&#224; ce qu&#8217;il reste d&#8217;une vie quand les gangs vous somment de dispara&#238;tre. Commence alors une travers&#233;e de douze pays, du Br&#233;sil au Mexique, de la jungle du Dari&#233;n aux postes de l&#8217;ICE, jusqu&#8217;au chemin Roxham, derni&#232;re porte vers le Canada.</span></p><p><span>Ce qui frappe, dans ce roman, c&#8217;est la mani&#232;re dont </span>Th&#233;lyson <span>Or&#233;lien redonne chair &#224; ce que l&#8217;on r&#233;duit trop souvent &#224; des chiffres. Jonas n&#8217;est pas un &#171; migrant &#187; : il est un homme qui marche, qui n&#233;gocie sa survie, qui apprend &#224; devenir invisible, qui rit pour ne pas hurler. Le livre documente avec une pr&#233;cision implacable ce que la migration fait aux corps, aux identit&#233;s, aux langues, cette &#171; langue de l&#8217;exil &#187; qui s&#8217;apprend &#171; avec les os et la peau &#187;.</span></p><p><span>La force du texte tient aussi &#224; sa langue : foisonnante, po&#233;tique, nerveuse, elle claque comme un fouet et porte comme un chant. </span>Th&#233;lyson <span>Or&#233;lien &#233;crit l&#8217;exil sans pathos, sans mis&#233;rabilisme, avec une lucidit&#233; qui n&#8217;exclut jamais l&#8217;humour ni la tendresse. Il montre la violence des fronti&#232;res, mais aussi les gestes minuscules qui sauvent : un morceau de pain partag&#233;, une main pos&#233;e sur une &#233;paule, un rire &#233;chang&#233; dans la nuit.</span></p><p><span>Ph&#233;nom&#232;ne d&#8217;&#233;dition au Qu&#233;bec, traduit dans plus de vingt pays, </span><em><span>C&#8217;&#233;tait &#231;a ou mourir</span></em><span> s&#8217;impose comme un roman essentiel dans un d&#233;bat public satur&#233; de slogans. Ici, pas de discours : des vies. Pas de &#171; vagues migratoires &#187; : des visages. Pas de statistiques : Jonas, Marthe, les damn&#233;s du Dari&#233;n, les suppliants connect&#233;s de CBP One.</span></p><p><span>Un livre qui d&#233;place le regard. Un livre qui oblige &#224; regarder autrement. Un livre qui, dans une rentr&#233;e souvent encombr&#233;e de lamentations fran&#231;aises, rappelle ce que peut encore la litt&#233;rature : dire le monde, le vrai, le br&#251;lant.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/cetait-ca-ou-mourir-de-thelyson-orelien?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/cetait-ca-ou-mourir-de-thelyson-orelien?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/cetait-ca-ou-mourir-de-thelyson-orelien/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" 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isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/pour-vivre-heureux-vivons-complotistes</guid><pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 08:55:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="5184" height="3456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3456,&quot;width&quot;:5184,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;silhouette of couple&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="silhouette of couple" title="silhouette of couple" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559769697-23e044c5e0e5?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0OXx8Y291cGxlJTIwYW1vdXJldXh8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg4MTY2MDcxfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@anestislove">Anastasia Sklyar</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p><span>Il fallait bien que cela arrive. Apr&#232;s avoir colonis&#233; les cha&#238;nes Telegram, les groupes Facebook, les vid&#233;os nocturnes et les conversations de comptoir, le complotisme franchit une nouvelle &#233;tape : </span>il ne s&#8217;est pas content&#233; d&#8217;investir un site de rencontres, il en a cr&#233;&#233; un.</p><p>&#192; l&#8217;<em>Alliance Rencontre du Nouveau Monde (ARNM)</em>, on ne cherche pas seulement l&#8217;&#226;me s&#339;ur. On cherche quelqu&#8217;un qui partage les m&#234;mes soup&#231;ons, les m&#234;mes ennemis et, si possible, le m&#234;me refus du vaccin. Ici, la compatibilit&#233; ne se mesure pas au go&#251;t pour le cin&#233;ma ou aux projets de vacances. Elle se v&#233;rifie &#224; l&#8217;aune de la d&#233;fiance : &#234;tes-vous &#233;veill&#233; ? M&#233;fiez-vous des m&#233;dias ? Croyez-vous que la v&#233;rit&#233; officielle est toujours fausse ? Alors, peut-&#234;tre &#234;tes-vous faits l&#8217;un pour l&#8217;autre.</p><p>Le progr&#232;s est consid&#233;rable. Jadis, il fallait attendre plusieurs rendez-vous avant de d&#233;couvrir que votre interlocuteur croyait que les gouvernements dissimulaient des extraterrestres. D&#233;sormais, un badge suffit. </p><blockquote><p>La transparence amoureuse a fait un bond : chacun peut afficher son degr&#233; d&#8217;insoumission, comme on indiquait autrefois son signe astrologique.</p></blockquote><p>Mais ne rions pas trop vite. Le rire est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment ce que ces communaut&#233;s attendent de nous. Il leur permet de transformer le m&#233;pris en preuve. Si nous les moquons, c&#8217;est que nous sommes complices du syst&#232;me. Si nous les r&#233;futons, c&#8217;est que nous avons peur de leur v&#233;rit&#233;. Si nous les ignorons, c&#8217;est que nous voulons les faire taire. Dans leur monde ferm&#233;, tout devient confirmation.</p><blockquote><p>Voil&#224; le g&#233;nie triste du complotisme : il a r&#233;ponse &#224; tout parce qu&#8217;il ne doute jamais de lui-m&#234;me.</p></blockquote><p>Il prosp&#232;re dans les ruines de la confiance. Il se nourrit des mensonges av&#233;r&#233;s, des scandales impunis, des promesses non tenues et des vies pr&#233;caris&#233;es. Il r&#233;cup&#232;re la col&#232;re des citoyens qui ne supportent plus d&#8217;&#234;tre somm&#233;s de croire ceux qui leur ont trop souvent menti. Puis il leur vend une explication globale, un ennemi unique et une communaut&#233; de remplacement.</p><p>On vient y chercher l&#8217;amour ; on y trouve une doctrine. On vient y chercher une &#233;coute ; on y trouve une cellule de recrutement. On vient y chercher un covoiturage ; on y d&#233;couvre une soci&#233;t&#233; parall&#232;le, avec ses petites annonces, ses codes, ses gourous et ses v&#233;rit&#233;s de contrebande.</p><p>Le plus inqui&#233;tant n&#8217;est pas qu&#8217;un millier de personnes se retrouvent sur une plateforme r&#233;serv&#233;e aux &#171; &#233;veill&#233;s &#187;. Le plus inqui&#233;tant est qu&#8217;elles aient besoin d&#8217;un monde s&#233;par&#233; pour se sentir enfin consid&#233;r&#233;es. </p><blockquote><p>La d&#233;mocratie ne devrait pas abandonner ses citoyens au point qu&#8217;ils pr&#233;f&#232;rent une fable coh&#233;rente &#224; une r&#233;alit&#233; contradictoire.</p></blockquote><p>Car la v&#233;rit&#233;, elle, est souvent moins s&#233;duisante. Elle ne promet pas que tout s&#8217;explique. Elle ne d&#233;signe pas toujours un coupable. Elle accepte de dire : nous ne savons pas encore ; les d&#233;cisions sont imparfaites ; les institutions doivent rendre des comptes ; les experts peuvent se tromper ; les citoyens ont le droit d&#8217;exiger des preuves.</p><blockquote><p>Le complotisme, lui, ne demande ni patience ni enqu&#234;te. Il offre imm&#233;diatement ce que la politique ne sait plus donner : une identit&#233;, une communaut&#233; et la sensation grisante d&#8217;&#234;tre du c&#244;t&#233; de ceux qui ont compris.</p></blockquote><p>&#192; force de laisser la col&#232;re sans d&#233;bouch&#233;, la solitude sans r&#233;ponse et la d&#233;fiance sans d&#233;bat, nous avons laiss&#233; prosp&#233;rer un march&#233; de l&#8217;&#233;veil. Un march&#233; o&#249; l&#8217;on vend de l&#8217;amour entre semblables, de la peur en abonnement et de la v&#233;rit&#233; au prix de l&#8217;isolement.</p><p>Le complotisme ne prosp&#232;re pas dans le vide : il avance sur le terrain laiss&#233; vacant par les institutions, les m&#233;dias et les responsables politiques. Tant que la d&#233;fiance ne trouvera pas de r&#233;ponse autrement que dans le m&#233;pris ou la communication, les communaut&#233;s de l&#8217;&#171; &#233;veil &#187; continueront de recruter&#8230;</p><div><hr></div><blockquote><p><span>Fond&#233;e par Antoine Cuttitta, l&#8217;une des figures fran&#231;aises de la mouvance complotiste QAnon, qui reprend notamment l&#8217;id&#233;e que des r&#233;seaux p&#233;docriminels dirigeraient le monde, l&#8217;Alliance pr&#233;tend cr&#233;er des espaces sentimentaux et amicaux &#171; </span><em><span>parfaitement s&#233;curis&#233;s</span></em><span> &#187;. Sa plateforme la plus active, </span><em>Alliance Rencontre du Nouveau Monde</em><span>, revendique plus d&#8217;un millier de membres, venus se faire des amis ou trouver l&#8217;&#226;me s&#339;ur dans un espace o&#249; &#171; </span><em><span>les esprits libres peuvent se retrouver </span></em><span>&#187;. Un entre-soi pr&#233;sent&#233; comme un refuge, mais dont la s&#233;curit&#233; semble surtout reposer sur le partage des m&#234;mes croyances. </span><em>(Le Canard encha&#238;n&#233;, 1er ao&#251;t 2026.)</em></p><div><hr></div></blockquote><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/pour-vivre-heureux-vivons-complotistes?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/pour-vivre-heureux-vivons-complotistes?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/pour-vivre-heureux-vivons-complotistes/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/pour-vivre-heureux-vivons-complotistes/comments"><span>Laissez un commentaire.</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/subscribe"><span>S'abonner maintenant</span></a></p><div class="install-substack-app-embed install-substack-app-embed-web" data-component-name="InstallSubstackAppToDOM"><img class="install-substack-app-embed-img" src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ze2p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e689187-f297-4732-8574-25564e5f1e00_1280x1280.png"><div class="install-substack-app-embed-text"><div class="install-substack-app-header">Profitez davantage de Paul Tian avec l'App Substack</div><div class="install-substack-app-text">Disponible sur iOS et Android</div></div><a href="/__u/substack.com/app/app-store-redirect?utm_campaign=app-marketing&amp;utm_content=author-post-insert&amp;utm_source=paultian" target="_blank" class="install-substack-app-embed-link"><button class="install-substack-app-embed-btn button primary">Obtenir l&#8217;appli</button></a></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Luchon-Superbagnères : lumières d’altitude]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mon amie Marie a la d&#233;licatesse de m&#8217;envoyer tr&#232;s souvent, depuis Superbagn&#232;res, des photos baign&#233;es d&#8217;une atmosph&#232;re particuli&#232;re. J&#8217;ai plaisir &#224; les partager avec vous, chers lecteurs.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/luchon-superbagneres-lumieres-daltitude</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/luchon-superbagneres-lumieres-daltitude</guid><pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 08:32:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PzjP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c019f43-64bd-476b-9b16-ea811cc061be_2048x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PzjP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c019f43-64bd-476b-9b16-ea811cc061be_2048x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c019f43-64bd-476b-9b16-ea811cc061be_2048x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h6 style="text-align: center;">(Photos &#169; Marie Colombi&#233;)</h6><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e594d3eb-a0ff-4e6f-9d8f-0a2953abebb0_2048x1536.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb495762-18e3-425a-b628-93255617c304_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c75d49e9-cd46-4cab-a91c-a48d07920393_2048x1536.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/07d30dae-7907-44cb-80e5-556cb8e5bfac_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/38b5639b-b3ac-45e3-b196-951bd7075c96_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7dce495e-2a44-4481-ae85-345c48fa7d8a_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/774114cf-d2eb-42d2-a586-5dc65434cc0d_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/60a502d1-15ca-4e46-84db-e8a3374037b7_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;(Photos &#169; Marie Colombi&#233;)&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4a184e44-db43-4d38-ad11-d3c6ee8bdad1_1456x1700.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p><strong>A noter</strong> : l&#8217;exposition &#8220;Danse avec Luchon&#8221; de Marie Colombi&#233; &#224; la Maison du Curiste est prolong&#233;e jusqu&#8217;au <strong>15 septembre 2026.</strong></p><p><strong>A lire</strong> : <strong><a href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/marie-colombie-a-la-maison-du-curiste">Marie Colombi&#233; &#224; la Maison du Curiste : quand l&#8217;art rencontre la tradition luchonnaise</a></strong></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1abe1171-b5fb-4cf7-a624-daf6854a9da0_2048x1536.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/50a3244d-a03b-4b84-8659-44b251d37306_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/716696cc-ebf3-459d-91c3-1dffed514d70_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;(Photos &#169; Marie Colombi&#233;)&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fcc9e3ac-f31c-4f2b-82d9-bb2a82a7839d_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p></p><p class="button-wrapper" 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Pourtant, les fraudes d&#233;tect&#233;es les plus lourdes concernent d&#8217;abord certains acteurs du syst&#232;me de sant&#233;.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/fraude-sociale-la-chasse-aux-pauvres</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/fraude-sociale-la-chasse-aux-pauvres</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 13:02:09 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1651259129029-6d1b57cf0f0a?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0NHx8ZXVyb3N8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3OTIxODMyfDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@stockbirken">Stock Birken</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p>Il y a la fraude sociale que l&#8217;on aime montrer. Celle qui tient dans un reportage tourn&#233; &#224; la sortie d&#8217;une caisse d&#8217;allocations, dans le soup&#231;on jet&#233; sur un ch&#244;meur, dans l&#8217;indignation automatique contre l&#8217;assur&#233; qui aurait per&#231;u quelques centaines d&#8217;euros de trop. Cette fraude-l&#224; a un visage, une adresse, parfois m&#234;me un pr&#233;nom. Elle est commode : on peut la d&#233;signer du doigt, la condamner en direct et promettre, dans la foul&#233;e, de serrer la vis.</p><p>Et puis il y a l&#8217;autre fraude. Celle qui se niche dans les factures, les actes fictifs, les prescriptions, les remboursements et les montages professionnels. Celle qui ne se donne pas en spectacle, qui ne s&#8217;exhibe pas devant les cam&#233;ras, qui se dissimule derri&#232;re des nomenclatures et des proc&#233;dures administratives. Celle-l&#224; est moins photog&#233;nique. Elle est pourtant beaucoup plus co&#251;teuse.</p><p>Un rapport de l&#8217;Igas et de l&#8217;Inspection g&#233;n&#233;rale des finances vient rappeler cette v&#233;rit&#233; embarrassante : en 2025, l&#8217;Assurance maladie a d&#233;tect&#233; et stopp&#233; 723 millions d&#8217;euros de fraudes. Les professionnels de sant&#233; lib&#233;raux repr&#233;senteraient 73,5% de cette somme. Les assur&#233;s, eux, environ 16%. Le chiffre ne condamne &#233;videmment pas une profession dans son ensemble. Mais il devrait condamner une vieille habitude : celle qui consiste &#224; faire de l&#8217;assur&#233; le suspect naturel de la fraude sociale.</p><h4>Le petit fraudeur, coupable id&#233;al</h4><p>Le citoyen fraudeur est un coupable parfait. Il est isol&#233;, vuln&#233;rable, facilement identifiable. Lorsqu&#8217;il commet une irr&#233;gularit&#233;, m&#234;me minime, la machine administrative sait le retrouver. On contr&#244;le son dossier, son compte, ses d&#233;clarations. On lui r&#233;clame le remboursement. On lui inflige parfois une sanction qui, pour lui, n&#8217;a rien d&#8217;anecdotique.</p><p>Le petit dossier rassure les politiques : il donne l&#8217;impression que l&#8217;&#201;tat agit. Il rassure certains m&#233;dias : il fournit une histoire simple, un abus concret, une indignation imm&#233;diatement disponible. Il rassure enfin tous ceux qui pr&#233;f&#232;rent parler des pauvres plut&#244;t que des puissants, des allocataires plut&#244;t que des syst&#232;mes, des individus plut&#244;t que des m&#233;canismes.</p><p>Mais le nombre de dossiers ne dit pas tout. Il peut m&#234;me tromper.</p><blockquote><p>Environ 30% des dossiers trait&#233;s concernent un pr&#233;judice inf&#233;rieur &#224; 1 000 euros. Beaucoup de dossiers, donc. Beaucoup de contr&#244;les. Beaucoup de petites prises. Mais pas forc&#233;ment l&#8217;essentiel de la facture. &#192; l&#8217;inverse, moins de 3% des dossiers concernant des professionnels de sant&#233; repr&#233;senteraient 60% du pr&#233;judice total.</p></blockquote><p>Voil&#224; le genre de chiffres qui devraient faire tousser dans les studios de t&#233;l&#233;vision et dans les couloirs minist&#233;riels. Quelques dossiers peuvent co&#251;ter davantage que des milliers d&#8217;irr&#233;gularit&#233;s individuelles. La fraude la plus visible n&#8217;est donc pas n&#233;cessairement la plus ch&#232;re. Et la chasse au fraudeur peut parfaitement s&#8217;&#233;garer en chemin.</p><h4>Quand contr&#244;ler devient communiquer</h4><p>Il ne s&#8217;agit pas de nier la fraude des assur&#233;s. Elle existe. Elle doit &#234;tre contr&#244;l&#233;e. La solidarit&#233; nationale n&#8217;est pas un libre-service et l&#8217;argent public n&#8217;est pas sans limite. Mais une politique s&#233;rieuse ne devrait pas seulement traquer ce qui est facile &#224; compter. Elle devrait s&#8217;attaquer &#224; ce qui co&#251;te le plus.</p><blockquote><p>Or contr&#244;ler des milliers de petits dossiers est plus simple que d&#233;m&#234;ler des syst&#232;mes de facturation complexes. C&#8217;est plus rapide, plus visible, plus rentable en communication. On peut annoncer un nombre de contr&#244;les, un nombre de sanctions, un montant r&#233;cup&#233;r&#233;. On peut brandir des r&#233;sultats et construire un r&#233;cit d&#8217;autorit&#233;.</p></blockquote><p>Pendant ce temps, les fraudes organis&#233;es dans certains secteurs professionnels exigent des enqu&#234;teurs, du temps, des comp&#233;tences et du courage administratif. Il faut analyser les pratiques, croiser les donn&#233;es, comprendre les circuits de remboursement, remonter les fili&#232;res. Il faut parfois affronter des acteurs mieux arm&#233;s, mieux d&#233;fendus, plus influents que l&#8217;assur&#233; convoqu&#233; dans un bureau.</p><blockquote><p>La question n&#8217;est donc pas seulement : &#171; <em>Qui fraude ?</em> &#187; Elle est aussi :<em> </em>&#171; <em>qui contr&#244;le-t-on en priorit&#233;, et pourquoi ? </em>&#187;</p></blockquote><p>Si l&#8217;on choisit syst&#233;matiquement les dossiers les plus faciles, on ne m&#232;ne pas une politique efficace de lutte contre la fraude. On organise une politique de rendement statistique. On produit des chiffres de contr&#244;le, pas n&#233;cessairement des r&#233;sultats &#224; la hauteur du pr&#233;judice.</p><h4>La respectabilit&#233; n&#8217;est pas une immunit&#233;</h4><p>Il existe dans notre soci&#233;t&#233; une &#233;trange hi&#233;rarchie morale des fraudeurs. Le b&#233;n&#233;ficiaire d&#8217;une prestation est imm&#233;diatement suspect. Le professionnel de sant&#233;, lui, b&#233;n&#233;ficie spontan&#233;ment du cr&#233;dit attach&#233; &#224; son statut. Il soigne, il prescrit, il conna&#238;t la technique : il serait donc moins susceptible de d&#233;tourner le syst&#232;me.</p><blockquote><p>Cette confiance est l&#233;gitime dans la relation de soin. Elle ne devrait pas devenir une immunit&#233; dans la gestion des fonds publics.</p></blockquote><p>Les professionnels de sant&#233; ne sont pas des fraudeurs par nature. L&#8217;immense majorit&#233; exerce son m&#233;tier honn&#234;tement, souvent dans des conditions difficiles. Mais pr&#233;cis&#233;ment parce qu&#8217;ils occupent une position strat&#233;gique dans le syst&#232;me de remboursement, leurs &#233;ventuels abus peuvent produire des effets d&#233;multipli&#233;s. Une facturation indue r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;e, un acte fictif ou une pratique organis&#233;e ne p&#232;se pas comme une erreur isol&#233;e commise par un assur&#233;.</p><p>Les centres de sant&#233; dentaires et ophtalmologiques auraient ainsi repr&#233;sent&#233; 138 millions d&#8217;euros de fraudes d&#233;tect&#233;es et stopp&#233;es. Les professionnels de l&#8217;audioproth&#232;se, les transporteurs sanitaires et les infirmiers figurent &#233;galement parmi les secteurs concern&#233;s. Ces chiffres ne justifient aucun amalgame. Ils justifient des contr&#244;les adapt&#233;s, cibl&#233;s et &#233;quitables.</p><p>La respectabilit&#233; d&#8217;une profession ne peut pas tenir lieu de m&#233;thode de contr&#244;le.</p><h4>Le scandale est aussi dans le r&#233;cit</h4><p>Le v&#233;ritable scandale n&#8217;est peut-&#234;tre pas seulement l&#8217;existence de la fraude. Il r&#233;side dans la mani&#232;re dont elle est racont&#233;e.</p><p>Quand un assur&#233; est soup&#231;onn&#233;, on parle volontiers de fraudeur. Quand un syst&#232;me professionnel g&#233;n&#232;re des millions d&#8217;euros de pr&#233;judice, on parle de d&#233;rives, d&#8217;anomalies, de pratiques litigieuses ou de d&#233;fauts de r&#233;gulation. Le vocabulaire n&#8217;est pas neutre. Il dessine une morale &#224; deux vitesses.</p><blockquote><p>En bas, on parle de triche, d&#8217;abus individuel et de mauvais citoyen ; en haut, de dysfonctionnements, de probl&#232;mes de proc&#233;dure et de syst&#232;mes &#224; am&#233;liorer.</p></blockquote><p>Cette indulgence lexicale ne prot&#232;ge pas seulement les professionnels ind&#233;licats. Elle prot&#232;ge aussi une certaine paresse politique. Il est toujours plus facile de demander des comptes &#224; celui qui d&#233;pend d&#8217;une prestation qu&#8217;&#224; celui qui ma&#238;trise les rouages d&#8217;un dispositif, dispose de conseils et peut contester longuement les d&#233;cisions qui le concernent.</p><h4>Cesser de faire la morale aux plus faibles</h4><p>La lutte contre la fraude sociale ne devrait pas &#234;tre une guerre men&#233;e contre les plus visibles ni une op&#233;ration de morale publique dirig&#233;e contre les plus fragiles. Elle devrait ob&#233;ir &#224; une r&#232;gle &#233;l&#233;mentaire : concentrer les moyens l&#224; o&#249; le pr&#233;judice financier est le plus important.</p><p>Cela implique de contr&#244;ler les assur&#233;s, bien s&#251;r. Mais aussi de contr&#244;ler s&#233;rieusement les professionnels, les &#233;tablissements et les secteurs o&#249; les fraudes peuvent &#234;tre massives ou organis&#233;es. Cela implique d&#8217;acc&#233;l&#233;rer les proc&#233;dures, de mieux croiser les donn&#233;es et de rendre les sanctions r&#233;ellement dissuasives. </p><blockquote><p>Cela implique surtout de renoncer au spectacle du petit coupable brandi pour masquer les grandes failles.</p></blockquote><p>La fraude sociale n&#8217;a pas un seul visage. Elle ne se r&#233;sume ni &#224; l&#8217;allocataire soup&#231;onn&#233; ni au professionnel ind&#233;licat. Mais lorsque les chiffres indiquent que la plus grande part du pr&#233;judice d&#233;tect&#233; provient de professionnels de sant&#233;, il devient difficile de continuer &#224; pr&#233;senter l&#8217;assur&#233; comme le principal probl&#232;me.</p><blockquote><p>&#192; moins de consid&#233;rer que la justice sociale consiste &#224; surveiller les pauvres avec une loupe et les puissants avec des jumelles.</p></blockquote><p>La solidarit&#233; nationale m&#233;rite mieux que cette com&#233;die. Elle m&#233;rite une lutte contre la fraude qui ne choisisse pas ses coupables selon leur faiblesse, leur visibilit&#233; ou leur rendement m&#233;diatique. Elle m&#233;rite que l&#8217;on regarde enfin les montants, les m&#233;canismes et les responsabilit&#233;s.</p><blockquote><p>Et que l&#8217;on cesse, surtout, de confondre la chasse &#224; la fraude avec la chasse aux citoyens.</p></blockquote><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/fraude-sociale-la-chasse-aux-pauvres?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/fraude-sociale-la-chasse-aux-pauvres?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/fraude-sociale-la-chasse-aux-pauvres/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/fraude-sociale-la-chasse-aux-pauvres/comments"><span>Laissez un commentaire.</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/subscribe"><span>S'abonner maintenant</span></a></p><div class="install-substack-app-embed install-substack-app-embed-web" data-component-name="InstallSubstackAppToDOM"><img class="install-substack-app-embed-img" src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ze2p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e689187-f297-4732-8574-25564e5f1e00_1280x1280.png"><div class="install-substack-app-embed-text"><div class="install-substack-app-header">Profitez davantage de Paul Tian avec l'App Substack</div><div class="install-substack-app-text">Disponible sur iOS et Android</div></div><a href="/__u/substack.com/app/app-store-redirect?utm_campaign=app-marketing&amp;utm_content=author-post-insert&amp;utm_source=paultian" target="_blank" class="install-substack-app-embed-link"><button class="install-substack-app-embed-btn button primary">Obtenir l&#8217;appli</button></a></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[À contresens jusqu’au cercueil ]]></title><description><![CDATA[La vitesse tue, l&#8217;algorithme amplifie, et la r&#233;gulation arrive toujours apr&#232;s l&#8217;impact. Les pouvoirs publics r&#233;agissent au lieu d&#8217;anticiper, laissant les adolescents rouler vers le cercueil.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/a-contresens-jusquau-cercueil</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/a-contresens-jusquau-cercueil</guid><pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 16:48:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" width="4957" height="3305" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3305,&quot;width&quot;:4957,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;a blurry photo of a city street at night&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="a blurry photo of a city street at night" title="a blurry photo of a city street at night" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1634402149804-67614eb48331?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1fHx2aXRlc3NlJTIwdm9pdHVyZSUyMG51aXR8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg3ODQ4NzY4fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@carrier_lost">Ian Taylor</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p><span>Nous vivons une &#233;poque formidable. Une &#233;poque o&#249; l&#8217;on peut, pour quelques pouces lev&#233;s, foncer &#224; contresens sur une autoroute et transformer sa propre mort, ou celle d&#8217;un inconnu crois&#233; dans l&#8217;autre sens, en contenu. Il fallait y penser. La jeunesse britannique et irlandaise l&#8217;a fait. Le d&#233;fi du contresens explose sur </span><em><span>TikTok</span></em><span> comme explosent les pare-brise, en silence d&#8217;abord, puis d&#8217;un coup.</span></p><p><span>Le principe est d&#8217;une simplicit&#233; primitive : on prend la bretelle &#224; l&#8217;envers, on &#233;crase l&#8217;acc&#233;l&#233;rateur, on filme son visage &#233;clair&#233; par le tableau de bord, et on attend que les phares d&#8217;en face grossissent dans le r&#233;troviseur comme une preuve de bravoure.</span></p><blockquote><p><span>Le courage, aujourd&#8217;hui, se mesure en vues et en likes.</span></p></blockquote><p><span>Ces gar&#231;ons vivent entre deux mondes, ou plut&#244;t hors de tous les deux. Ils n&#8217;ont plus de sol sous les pieds, alors ils remplissent ce vide &#224; 160 km/h, persuad&#233;s que la vitesse donnera une forme &#224; ce qui leur manque.</span></p><p><span>En Irlande, les autorit&#233;s recensent plus de cinq cents signalements de v&#233;hicules &#224; contresens depuis 2019, et d&#233;j&#224; plus de soixante depuis janvier, bien au&#8209;del&#224; des chiffres de l&#8217;an dernier. Une courbe qui grimpe comme grimpent les compteurs de vues. Et l&#8217;on sait que ces donn&#233;es ne repr&#233;sentent qu&#8217;une fraction de la r&#233;alit&#233;, faute de cam&#233;ras partout. Une statistique d&#233;j&#224; vertigineuse n&#8217;est donc que la partie &#233;merg&#233;e d&#8217;un iceberg lanc&#233; plein pot dans le mauvais sens.</span></p><blockquote><p><span>Nous vivons une &#233;poque formidable, o&#249; m&#234;me les chiffres qui nous alertent sont en r&#233;alit&#233; sous&#8209;estim&#233;s.</span></p></blockquote><p><span>Le r&#233;el, forc&#233;ment, finit par rattraper la mise en sc&#232;ne. Le 16 ao&#251;t, cinq adolescents de 15 &#224; 18 ans meurent sur la M9, pr&#232;s de Kildare, en percutant de face une famille qui roulait, elle, dans le bon sens. Quatre bless&#233;s en prime. Les gar&#231;ons revenaient d&#8217;un cambriolage, masqu&#233;s, cam&#233;ra allum&#233;e. Six jours plus tard, en Angleterre, un contresens sur l&#8217;A66 fait sept morts : cinq jeunes et deux policiers. Le conducteur, 18 ans, habitu&#233; des vid&#233;os de fuite post&#233;es en ligne, menait une course&#8209;poursuite qui s&#8217;est termin&#233;e comme finissent les paris idiots : brutalement. Personne ne sait si la sc&#232;ne &#233;tait destin&#233;e &#224; </span><em><span>TikTok</span></em><span>. Personne ne sait le contraire non plus. Entre les deux, il y a une habitude, et l&#8217;habitude parle plus fort que les preuves.</span></p><p><span>&#192; ce degr&#233; d&#8217;indiff&#233;rence au r&#233;el, le hasard a remplac&#233; le Code de la route comme seule autorit&#233; en vigueur. Dublin envisage d&#233;sormais de revoir la loi qui interdit &#224; ses policiers de poursuivre un v&#233;hicule &#224; contresens, trop dangereux, disait&#8209;on hier ; on pr&#233;f&#232;re aujourd&#8217;hui courir le risque plut&#244;t que regarder passer les cercueils. Certains agents ont m&#234;me &#233;t&#233; inqui&#233;t&#233;s pour avoir tent&#233; de stopper ces trajectoires suicidaires.</span></p><blockquote><p><span>Nous vivons une &#233;poque formidable, o&#249; emp&#234;cher la police de rattraper le danger paraissait, hier encore, la solution la plus raisonnable.</span></p></blockquote><p><span>Face &#224; cela, </span><em><span>TikTok</span></em><span> temporise, attend les conclusions des enqu&#234;tes, tout en laissant circuler des vid&#233;os de bolides fant&#244;mes fon&#231;ant vers la mort de quelqu&#8217;un. Les autorit&#233;s irlandaises rappellent qu&#8217;une entreprise qui laisse prosp&#233;rer des contenus glorifiant des comportements criminels n&#8217;agit pas de mani&#232;re responsable. Il aura fallu des morts pour &#233;noncer une &#233;vidence que personne, apparemment, n&#8217;avait le pouvoir de faire appliquer.</span></p><p><span>Et le ph&#233;nom&#232;ne ne s&#8217;arr&#234;te pas aux &#238;les Britanniques. En France, au printemps, la police nationale comptait pr&#232;s de cinq cents vid&#233;os en une semaine de conducteurs fon&#231;ant droit dans des ronds&#8209;points. Le </span><em><span>joyriding</span></em><span>, voler une voiture pour battre des records de vitesse devant cam&#233;ra, a co&#251;t&#233; la vie &#224; trois jeunes de Mouscron en 2024, roulant &#224; 200 km/h sur une voie express belge ; la vid&#233;o, film&#233;e juste avant l&#8217;accident, a continu&#233; de circuler apr&#232;s, alimentant une haine que plus personne n&#8217;a su arr&#234;ter. En 2023, &#224; Rome, des influenceurs organisaient une course en Lamborghini qui a co&#251;t&#233; la vie &#224; un enfant de cinq ans. Le d&#233;cor change, le sc&#233;nario non.</span></p><p><span>Pendant ce temps, le Conseil constitutionnel censure la tentative fran&#231;aise d&#8217;interdire les r&#233;seaux sociaux aux moins de 15 ans, pour de bonnes raisons juridiques sans doute, tandis que quelques d&#233;partements se contentent de suspendre le permis &#224; qui touche son t&#233;l&#233;phone au volant.</span></p><blockquote><p><span>On l&#233;gif&#232;re &#224; la marge d&#8217;un probl&#232;me qui, lui, avance &#224; pleine vitesse et sans phares.</span></p></blockquote><p><span>Nous vivons une &#233;poque formidable, o&#249; l&#8217;on compte les morts en attendant les conclusions d&#8217;une enqu&#234;te, o&#249; l&#8217;algorithme sait exactement quelle vid&#233;o montrer &#224; un adolescent de dix&#8209;sept ans en manque de reconnaissance, et o&#249; la seule chose qui roule vraiment &#224; contresens, c&#8217;est notre capacit&#233; collective &#224; r&#233;agir avant le prochain carambolage.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/a-contresens-jusquau-cercueil?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/a-contresens-jusquau-cercueil?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/a-contresens-jusquau-cercueil/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/a-contresens-jusquau-cercueil/comments"><span>Laissez un commentaire.</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" 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url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png" width="470" height="639.0147783251232" 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vPfS!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524f9566-7981-491f-ac0a-4416d4fab79c_812x1104.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Il y a dans <em>Sud sauvage</em> cette mani&#232;re si singuli&#232;re qu&#8217;a Ga&#235;lle B&#233;lem de faire basculer le r&#233;el dans une inqui&#233;tude sourde, presque imperceptible, comme si l&#8217;&#238;le elle-m&#234;me, La R&#233;union, son territoire matriciel, respirait sous nos pas, pr&#234;te &#224; r&#233;v&#233;ler ce qu&#8217;elle dissimule depuis des si&#232;cles. </p><blockquote><p>Treize nouvelles, treize secousses, treize fissures dans le vernis du quotidien o&#249; l&#8217;on croit encore que la raison suffit &#224; tenir le monde debout.</p></blockquote><p>Ce recueil ne se contente pas de raconter des histoires : il r&#233;veille des peurs anciennes, exhume des m&#233;moires enfouies, et redonne &#224; l&#8217;&#238;le son visage nocturne, celui que les cartes postales ont toujours refus&#233; de montrer. La R&#233;union n&#8217;est plus ici la terre solaire des brochures touristiques. Elle devient un territoire rugueux, ancestral, hant&#233;, o&#249; les ravines sont des gouffres, les for&#234;ts des labyrinthes, les cyclones des portes ouvertes sur l&#8217;invisible.</p><p>Ga&#235;lle B&#233;lem y convoque les b&#233;b&#234;tes, ces puissances malveillantes que l&#8217;on murmure encore dans les hauts, et les fant&#244;mes d&#8217;un pass&#233; esclavagiste que la mer semble parfois recracher comme un remords. <em>O&#249; sont-ils</em>, sans doute la nouvelle la plus saisissante du recueil, offre une vision d&#8217;apocalypse : une plage recouverte d&#8217;ossements, une mar&#233;e blanche d&#8217;adultes et d&#8217;enfants vomis par l&#8217;oc&#233;an. On est ici moins dans le folklore que dans l&#8217;Histoire, revenue frapper &#224; la porte du pr&#233;sent, m&#234;me si, ailleurs dans le recueil, ce glissement du mythe vers la m&#233;moire coloniale est parfois plus sugg&#233;r&#233; qu&#8217;assum&#233;, comme si l&#8217;autrice h&#233;sitait &#224; trancher entre l&#8217;&#233;pouvante pure et le geste politique.</p><p>Le recueil se d&#233;ploie en trois familles. Les nouvelles franchement fantastiques, <em>Chien-loup</em>, <em>Ambre</em>, <em>P&#233;trel noir</em>, <em>Fuyez</em>, o&#249; l&#8217;extraordinaire surgit dans le plus ordinaire : une femme seule dans les bois, un guide &#233;gar&#233;, un fermier au cr&#233;puscule, l&#8217;&#233;trange s&#8217;installant sans fracas, comme une ombre qui s&#8217;allonge. Les nouvelles r&#233;alistes ensuite, <em>Le Ren&#233;</em>, <em>La Maison Valliam&#233;e</em>, <em>Le jour o&#249; Mauricia est morte</em>, o&#249; rien de surnaturel ne se produit, mais o&#249; des faits d&#233;rapent, des situations se tordent, des d&#233;nouements surprennent ; le r&#233;el, soudain, devient suspect. Les r&#233;cits &#224; chute enfin, <em>Sept t&#234;tes</em>, <em>Veilleur de nuit</em>, <em>Le tr&#233;sor</em>, <em>Le tableau</em>, quatre textes qui se referment comme des pi&#232;ges, avec un coup de th&#233;&#226;tre final qui laisse le lecteur interdit. De ces trois veines, c&#8217;est la seconde, la plus discr&#232;te, qui m&#8217;a le plus tenu en respect : sans le filet du surnaturel, Ga&#235;lle B&#233;lem est oblig&#233;e de faire peur avec le seul poids du r&#233;el, et c&#8217;est l&#224;, je crois, qu&#8217;elle est la plus forte.</p><p>Ga&#235;lle B&#233;lem revendique un style &#171; surann&#233; &#187;, et c&#8217;est vrai : ses phrases ont la lenteur des r&#233;cits d&#8217;autrefois, une &#233;l&#233;gance l&#233;g&#232;rement d&#233;su&#232;te. On y sent parfois l&#8217;ombre de Maupassant dans la chute s&#232;che, parfois celle de Lovecraft dans le fr&#233;missement du surnaturel, moins par emprunt direct que par une m&#234;me patience &#224; laisser monter la peur avant de la nommer. Ce style n&#8217;est jamais purement d&#233;coratif : il porte la peur, il sculpte l&#8217;atmosph&#232;re, il instille le doute. Il faut dire aussi qu&#8217;il expose l&#8217;autrice &#224; un risque qu&#8217;elle ne d&#233;joue pas toujours : certaines chutes, &#224; force d&#8217;annoncer leur propre solennit&#233;, perdent un peu de la sid&#233;ration qu&#8217;elles visent, la voix se fait alors entendre avant l&#8217;histoire elle-m&#234;me.</p><p>Sous les frissons, sous les b&#233;b&#234;tes, sous les fant&#244;mes, il y a une id&#233;e plus profonde : nous sommes nos propres monstres. Nos peurs fabriquent des silhouettes, nos solitudes inventent des pr&#233;sences, nos m&#233;moires convoquent des ombres. Et pourtant Ga&#235;lle B&#233;lem laisse toujours une porte entrouverte, peut-&#234;tre existe-t-il un monde parall&#232;le, un envers du d&#233;cor o&#249; les morts, les cr&#233;atures et les l&#233;gendes continuent de vivre, o&#249; La R&#233;union n&#8217;est jamais tout &#224; fait seule.</p><p><em>Sud sauvage</em> est un recueil audacieux, ancr&#233; dans l&#8217;histoire et les mythes de l&#8217;&#238;le, capable de faire frissonner sans toujours c&#233;der &#224; la facilit&#233;, m&#234;me si tout n&#8217;y est pas de force &#233;gale. Troisi&#232;me livre, troisi&#232;me r&#233;ussite pour Ga&#235;lle B&#233;lem, qui confirme une voix singuli&#232;re. Un livre pour ceux qui aiment les r&#233;cits o&#249; la peur prend son temps, o&#249; l'inqui&#233;tude s'installe avant de se nommer, mais surtout pour ceux qui veulent d&#233;couvrir l'envers de La R&#233;union, son ombre, son souffle, ses secrets, cette part de l'&#238;le que la lumi&#232;re ne visite jamais tout &#224; fait.</p><ul><li><p>Ga&#235;lle B&#233;lem, <em>Sud Sauvage</em>, &#201;ditions Gallimard, nouvelles, collection <em>Continents noirs</em>, 176 pages.</p></li></ul><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/sud-sauvage-de-gaelle-belem-cette?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/sud-sauvage-de-gaelle-belem-cette?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/sud-sauvage-de-gaelle-belem-cette/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/sud-sauvage-de-gaelle-belem-cette/comments"><span>Laissez un commentaire.</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/subscribe"><span>S'abonner maintenant</span></a></p><div class="install-substack-app-embed install-substack-app-embed-web" data-component-name="InstallSubstackAppToDOM"><img class="install-substack-app-embed-img" src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ze2p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e689187-f297-4732-8574-25564e5f1e00_1280x1280.png"><div class="install-substack-app-embed-text"><div class="install-substack-app-header">Profitez davantage de Paul Tian avec l'App Substack</div><div class="install-substack-app-text">Disponible sur iOS et Android</div></div><a href="/__u/substack.com/app/app-store-redirect?utm_campaign=app-marketing&amp;utm_content=author-post-insert&amp;utm_source=paultian" target="_blank" class="install-substack-app-embed-link"><button class="install-substack-app-embed-btn button primary">Obtenir l&#8217;appli</button></a></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[L’éponge]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#201;couter un proche en difficult&#233; finit parfois par vider celui qui &#233;coute. Ce n'est pas de la faiblesse : c'est une &#233;ponge qui a atteint son point de saturation.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/leponge</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/leponge</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 16:35:39 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1618038483079-bfe64dcb17f1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2fHwlQzMlQTlwb25nZSUyMG1haXNvbnxlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODc0NzUyNDl8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1618038483079-bfe64dcb17f1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2fHwlQzMlQTlwb25nZSUyMG1haXNvbnxlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODc0NzUyNDl8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1618038483079-bfe64dcb17f1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2fHwlQzMlQTlwb25nZSUyMG1haXNvbnxlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODc0NzUyNDl8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1618038483079-bfe64dcb17f1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2fHwlQzMlQTlwb25nZSUyMG1haXNvbnxlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODc0NzUyNDl8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1618038483079-bfe64dcb17f1?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2fHwlQzMlQTlwb25nZSUyMG1haXNvbnxlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODc0NzUyNDl8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 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Priske</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Il y a des conversations qui ne font pas de bruit, mais dont on sort comme apr&#232;s une longue marche sous la pluie. On raccroche, on sourit parfois par r&#233;flexe, puis l&#8217;on reste quelques secondes immobile, incapable de reprendre le fil de sa propre journ&#233;e. On vient d&#8217;&#233;couter un proche parler de ses probl&#232;mes. On l&#8217;a rassur&#233;, conseill&#233;, consol&#233;. On a trouv&#233; les mots, ou du moins essay&#233;. </p><blockquote><p>Et soudain, une question peu avouable surgit : pourquoi suis-je &#233;puis&#233; alors que ce n&#8217;est pas moi qui vais mal ?</p></blockquote><p>On dit souvent, dans ces moments-l&#224;, qu&#8217;on se sent &#171; vid&#233; &#187;. L&#8217;expression est plus juste qu&#8217;elle n&#8217;y para&#238;t. Car c&#8217;est bien ce qui se passe : on devient, pour l&#8217;autre, une &#233;ponge. On absorbe l&#8217;inqui&#233;tude, on retient l&#8217;angoisse, on &#233;ponge, au sens propre, ce qui d&#233;borde chez quelqu&#8217;un d&#8217;autre. Et une &#233;ponge, aussi utile soit-elle, finit toujours par saturer.</p><p>Il ne s&#8217;agit pourtant pas toujours d&#8217;un proche qui chercherait &#224; se d&#233;charger sur nous sans vergogne. Celui qui s&#8217;appuie peut &#234;tre un ami isol&#233;, un parent inquiet, un coll&#232;gue en crise ou un conjoint qui ne sait plus comment calmer ses propres angoisses. Il ne cherche pas forc&#233;ment &#224; nuire. Il cherche &#224; tenir debout. Et, pour y parvenir, il presse contre lui la premi&#232;re surface capable d&#8217;absorber.</p><p>C&#8217;est l&#224; que commence le malaise. La souffrance de l&#8217;un est bien r&#233;elle, mais elle finit par devenir la responsabilit&#233; quotidienne de l&#8217;autre. Il faut r&#233;pondre vite, &#233;couter longtemps, rassurer encore. Il faut &#234;tre disponible, compr&#233;hensif, patient, solide, &#234;tre, en somme, une &#233;ponge toujours s&#232;che et toujours pr&#234;te, sans horaires, sans cong&#233;s et sans droit d&#8217;&#234;tre elle-m&#234;me gorg&#233;e d&#8217;eau.</p><h4>La fatigue de ceux qui absorbent</h4><p>Notre &#233;poque a appris &#224; parler des &#233;motions. C&#8217;est un progr&#232;s. On ose davantage dire son anxi&#233;t&#233;, son &#233;puisement, ses doutes, ses blessures. Mais nous avons beaucoup moins appris &#224; organiser cette parole. Qui &#233;coute ? Pendant combien de temps ? Avec quelle r&#233;ciprocit&#233; ? Et que devient celui qui &#233;coute lorsque la conversation ne s&#8217;arr&#234;te jamais ?</p><p>Dans les familles, les couples et les amiti&#233;s, certains deviennent les r&#233;gulateurs &#233;motionnels du groupe. On les d&#233;crit comme forts, g&#233;n&#233;reux, fiables, capables d&#8217;absorber n&#8217;importe quel choc sans jamais rendre l&#8217;eau qu&#8217;ils ont bue. </p><blockquote><p>Cette r&#233;putation ressemble parfois &#224; une condamnation : puisqu&#8217;ils ont toujours tenu, on suppose qu&#8217;ils peuvent continuer ind&#233;finiment.</p></blockquote><p>Cette fatigue-l&#224; ne laisse pas de bleu. Elle ne justifie pas toujours un arr&#234;t de travail et ne se raconte pas facilement. Comment expliquer que l&#8217;on ait besoin de distance avec une personne qui souffre ? La culpabilit&#233; s&#8217;installe aussit&#244;t : on craint d&#8217;&#234;tre &#233;go&#239;ste, indiff&#233;rent, voire cruel. Le nom appara&#238;t sur l&#8217;&#233;cran, et la r&#233;ponse se remet &#224; plus tard. La conversation se redoute avant m&#234;me de commencer. Ce n&#8217;est pas qu&#8217;on n&#8217;aime plus l&#8217;autre. C&#8217;est peut-&#234;tre qu&#8217;on n&#8217;a plus une goutte de place pour en absorber davantage.</p><h4>Une &#233;ponge n&#8217;est pas un abri</h4><p>Il existe aujourd&#8217;hui une injonction discr&#232;te &#224; la disponibilit&#233; permanente, les smartphones qui rendent chacun joignable, les r&#233;seaux qui entretiennent l&#8217;illusion d&#8217;une pr&#233;sence continue, la compassion devenue une qualit&#233; qu&#8217;on affiche volontiers.</p><blockquote><p>Mais cette g&#233;n&#233;rosit&#233; obligatoire oublie une v&#233;rit&#233; &#233;l&#233;mentaire : une &#233;ponge, m&#234;me la meilleure, a un point de saturation.</p></blockquote><p>On confond parfois l&#8217;&#233;coute avec le sauvetage. &#201;couter, c&#8217;est offrir une pr&#233;sence. Sauver, c&#8217;est croire qu&#8217;on doit trouver la solution, emp&#234;cher la rechute, r&#233;parer la blessure et garantir le bien-&#234;tre de l&#8217;autre. Cette seconde mission est impossible : elle transforme la solidarit&#233; en dette, et l&#8217;affection en astreinte permanente.</p><p>Dans certaines relations, la conversation cesse alors d&#8217;&#234;tre un &#233;change. Elle devient une sc&#232;ne r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;e o&#249; le m&#234;me r&#233;cit revient, o&#249; les m&#234;mes conseils sont refus&#233;s, o&#249; chaque solution ouvre une nouvelle plainte. Celui qui &#233;coute ne participe plus vraiment : il absorbe. &#192; la longue, ce n&#8217;est plus une relation, mais un essorage.</p><p>Il faut pourtant se m&#233;fier des diagnostics improvis&#233;s. Une personne qui traverse une crise n&#8217;est pas responsable d&#8217;ass&#233;cher qui que ce soit. Quelqu&#8217;un qui parle beaucoup de ses probl&#232;mes n&#8217;agit pas forc&#233;ment par calcul. La fragilit&#233;, le deuil, la d&#233;pression, l&#8217;isolement ou l&#8217;angoisse peuvent r&#233;duire consid&#233;rablement la capacit&#233; &#224; percevoir les besoins d&#8217;autrui. Ce qui doit alerter n&#8217;est donc pas une conversation difficile, mais un fonctionnement durable : l&#8217;absence de r&#233;ciprocit&#233;, le refus syst&#233;matique des limites, le sentiment, chez celui qui &#233;coute, d&#8217;&#234;tre progressivement essor&#233;.</p><h4>Dire non n&#8217;est pas abandonner</h4><p>Poser une limite n&#8217;est pas renoncer &#224; la solidarit&#233;. C&#8217;est refuser qu&#8217;elle repose sur une seule &#233;ponge. Dire &#171; Je ne peux pas parler maintenant &#187;, &#171; Je n&#8217;ai pas la disponibilit&#233; pour t&#8217;aider ce soir &#187; ou &#171; Cette conversation devient trop lourde pour moi &#187; n&#8217;est pas une d&#233;claration de guerre. C&#8217;est une information honn&#234;te.</p><p>Cette limite peut m&#234;me sauver une relation. Celui qui se force &#224; absorber jusqu&#8217;&#224; saturation finit souvent par se retirer d&#8217;un coup, et avec ressentiment. Celui qui exprime plus t&#244;t ce qu&#8217;il peut r&#233;ellement porter donne &#224; la relation une chance de durer.</p><p>Cela suppose aussi de multiplier les points d&#8217;appui. Un proche en difficult&#233; ne devrait pas d&#233;pendre d&#8217;une seule &#233;ponge. La famille, les amis, les associations, les groupes de parole et les professionnels de sant&#233; peuvent contribuer &#224; r&#233;partir le poids. Cette diversification n&#8217;est pas un d&#233;saveu affectif. Elle rappelle simplement qu&#8217;une relation intime n&#8217;a pas vocation &#224; remplacer tous les autres soutiens.</p><h4>R&#233;habiliter la r&#233;ciprocit&#233;</h4><p>La question de cette fatigue-l&#224; r&#233;v&#232;le finalement un probl&#232;me plus large : nous savons de mieux en mieux nommer nos souffrances, mais nous peinons encore &#224; penser la r&#233;ciprocit&#233;. Nous demandons &#224; nos proches d&#8217;&#234;tre attentifs, disponibles et bienveillants, sans toujours nous demander ce que nous leur laissons en retour.</p><p>Une relation &#233;quilibr&#233;e n&#8217;est pas une comptabilit&#233; froide des services rendus. Elle conna&#238;t des moments d&#8217;in&#233;galit&#233;, il est normal qu&#8217;un jour l&#8217;un soutienne davantage l&#8217;autre. Mais cette asym&#233;trie doit pouvoir &#233;voluer. Elle devient pr&#233;occupante lorsqu&#8217;elle se fige, et que celui qui absorbe n&#8217;a plus le droit d&#8217;&#234;tre lui-m&#234;me fatigu&#233;, triste ou silencieux.</p><p>Derri&#232;re l&#8217;image de l&#8217;&#233;ponge, il n&#8217;y a donc pas seulement des relations &#233;puisantes. Il y a des individus en souffrance, des proches qui s&#8217;oublient, et une soci&#233;t&#233; qui demande aux relations priv&#233;es de r&#233;parer ce que les dispositifs collectifs ne prennent plus suffisamment en charge.</p><p>La bonne question n&#8217;est peut-&#234;tre pas : </p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#171; Qui m&#8217;ass&#232;che ? &#187;</p></div><p>Elle serait plut&#244;t : </p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#171; Comment nous soutenir sans que l&#8217;un de nous soit condamn&#233; &#224; absorber seul la d&#233;tresse de l&#8217;autre ? &#187; </p></div><blockquote><p>&#201;couter reste un geste pr&#233;cieux. Mais l&#8217;&#233;coute ne devrait jamais exiger qu&#8217;on se laisse essorer jusqu&#8217;&#224; dispara&#238;tre.</p></blockquote><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/leponge?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/leponge?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/leponge/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/leponge/comments"><span>Laissez un commentaire.</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/subscribe"><span>S'abonner maintenant</span></a></p><div class="install-substack-app-embed install-substack-app-embed-web" data-component-name="InstallSubstackAppToDOM"><img class="install-substack-app-embed-img" src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ze2p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e689187-f297-4732-8574-25564e5f1e00_1280x1280.png"><div class="install-substack-app-embed-text"><div class="install-substack-app-header">Profitez davantage de Paul Tian avec l'App Substack</div><div class="install-substack-app-text">Disponible sur iOS et Android</div></div><a href="/__u/substack.com/app/app-store-redirect?utm_campaign=app-marketing&amp;utm_content=author-post-insert&amp;utm_source=paultian" target="_blank" class="install-substack-app-embed-link"><button class="install-substack-app-embed-btn button primary">Obtenir l&#8217;appli</button></a></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Afghanistan : un million d'enfants menacés de mort par la famine]]></title><description><![CDATA[Un million d'enfants afghans risquent de mourir de malnutrition s&#233;v&#232;re, a averti l'Unicef mardi. En France, l'information a tenu en un entrefilet, coinc&#233;e entre un zoo et une poubelle jaune.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/afghanistan-un-million-denfants-menaces</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/afghanistan-un-million-denfants-menaces</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 09:59:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png" width="1456" height="691" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:691,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:4980442,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/i/212821520?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-4gb!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9615850c-0f2a-4de2-ad2f-01584c7f5088_2660x1262.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h6 style="text-align: center;">(Photo : capture &#233;cran France 24 / YouTube)</h6><div><hr></div><p>Il y a des chiffres qui devraient arr&#234;ter le monde. Mardi, depuis Kaboul, un responsable de l&#8217;Unicef a l&#226;ch&#233; une phrase que n&#8217;importe quelle r&#233;daction digne de ce nom aurait d&#251; faire remonter en haut de sa page d&#8217;accueil : 3,7 millions d&#8217;enfants afghans souffrent d&#8217;&#233;maciation, et un million d&#8217;entre eux sont en danger de mort imm&#233;diat par malnutrition aigu&#235; s&#233;v&#232;re. Un million. Le chiffre est si &#233;norme qu&#8217;il en devient abstrait, c&#8217;est peut-&#234;tre bien &#231;a, le probl&#232;me.</p><p>Parce qu&#8217;en France, ce mardi-l&#224;, comme tous les autres mardis depuis que ce pays a cess&#233; d&#8217;int&#233;resser qui que ce soit, cette information n&#8217;a pas fait la Une. Elle n&#8217;a pas fait la deux, ni la trois. Au mieux, elle s&#8217;est gliss&#233;e en entrefilet quelque part en page int&#233;rieure, coinc&#233;e entre le zoo de Beauval qui n&#8217;accueillera finalement pas de dauphins et un article expliquant, avec le s&#233;rieux qu&#8217;on r&#233;serve aux grandes causes, les huit erreurs &#224; ne pas commettre pour trier ses d&#233;chets dans la poubelle jaune.</p><blockquote><p>Voil&#224; la hi&#233;rarchie de l&#8217;information fran&#231;aise, en 2026 : le sort des c&#233;tac&#233;s en captivit&#233; et le civisme du tri s&#233;lectif l&#8217;emportent, sans discussion possible, sur un million de gosses qui risquent de mourir de faim avant la fin de l&#8217;ann&#233;e.</p></blockquote><p>On pourrait croire &#224; un hasard de calendrier, un mauvais jour, une actualit&#233; charg&#233;e. Mais non. C&#8217;est une ligne de conduite. L&#8217;Afghanistan a quitt&#233; nos &#233;crans le jour o&#249; les derniers h&#233;licopt&#232;res ont d&#233;coll&#233; de Kaboul, en 2021, et il n&#8217;y est jamais vraiment revenu, sauf pour un anniversaire, une fois par an, format documentaire nostalgique sur &#8220;la chute de Kaboul&#8221;. </p><blockquote><p>Entre-temps, plus rien. </p></blockquote><p>L&#8217;Iran, pareil : on en parle quand une chanteuse est arr&#234;t&#233;e ou qu&#8217;un missile part vers Isra&#235;l, jamais pour ce qui se passe &#224; hauteur d&#8217;enfant, dans les h&#244;pitaux, dans les campagnes. Le Soudan, c&#8217;est pire encore : une guerre civile qui a jet&#233; des millions de gens sur les routes, et un silence si total qu&#8217;on pourrait croire que ce pays a &#233;t&#233; ray&#233; de la carte du monde &#233;ditorial.</p><p>Il y a une g&#233;ographie de l&#8217;empathie m&#233;diatique, et elle est d&#8217;une brutalit&#233; absolue. Un enfant compte, fait pleurer, mobilise des cha&#238;nes de solidarit&#233; et des unes en larmes, &#224; condition qu&#8217;il soit n&#233; au bon endroit, avec la bonne couleur de conflit, dans une guerre qui arrange nos &#233;ditorialistes et nos alliances du moment. Les autres enfants, ceux qui meurent de faim sous des r&#233;gimes qu&#8217;on a cess&#233; de vouloir regarder en face, ceux-l&#224; n&#8217;ont droit qu&#8217;au silence poli des r&#233;dactions qui ont autre chose &#224; faire.</p><p>On nous expliquera, comme toujours, que l&#8217;Afghanistan c&#8217;est &#8220;compliqu&#233;&#8221;, que les talibans compliquent l&#8217;acc&#232;s, que le public s&#8217;est &#8220;lass&#233;&#8221;, que &#231;a ne &#8220;marche pas&#8221; en audience. Voil&#224; l&#8217;aveu terrible : l&#8217;info ne se hi&#233;rarchise plus selon ce qui compte, mais selon ce qui rapporte. Un million d&#8217;enfants qui meurent lentement, &#231;a ne fait pas de clics. Un dauphin qui ne va pas &#224; Beauval, si.</p><p>Ce texte ne sauvera aucun enfant afghan. Il ne changera rien &#224; l&#8217;indiff&#233;rence organis&#233;e de r&#233;dactions qui ont fait, depuis longtemps, leur tri dans les enfants du monde. Mais il fallait l&#8217;&#233;crire, ne serait-ce que pour que quelqu&#8217;un, quelque part, ait au moins lu ce chiffre en entier, une fois, sans qu&#8217;il soit noy&#233; entre un zoo et une poubelle.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/afghanistan-un-million-denfants-menaces?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/afghanistan-un-million-denfants-menaces?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/afghanistan-un-million-denfants-menaces/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/afghanistan-un-million-denfants-menaces/comments"><span>Laissez un commentaire.</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/subscribe"><span>S'abonner maintenant</span></a></p><div class="install-substack-app-embed install-substack-app-embed-web" data-component-name="InstallSubstackAppToDOM"><img class="install-substack-app-embed-img" src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ze2p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e689187-f297-4732-8574-25564e5f1e00_1280x1280.png"><div class="install-substack-app-embed-text"><div class="install-substack-app-header">Profitez davantage de Paul Tian avec l'App Substack</div><div class="install-substack-app-text">Disponible sur iOS et Android</div></div><a href="/__u/substack.com/app/app-store-redirect?utm_campaign=app-marketing&amp;utm_content=author-post-insert&amp;utm_source=paultian" target="_blank" class="install-substack-app-embed-link"><button class="install-substack-app-embed-btn button primary">Obtenir l&#8217;appli</button></a></div><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Blackleaf d’Isabelle Sallé : la neige étouffe les cris, mais pas les vérités]]></title><description><![CDATA[Des moutons d&#233;capit&#233;s, une femme disparue, et un village o&#249; personne n&#8217;est innocent. Blackleaf est un thriller qui vous happe d&#232;s les premi&#232;res pages&#8230; et ne vous l&#226;che plus.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/blackleaf-disabelle-salle-la-neige</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/blackleaf-disabelle-salle-la-neige</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 08:15:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUAD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12251047-e699-4c53-aabc-01377fd7c7c8_710x1092.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUAD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12251047-e699-4c53-aabc-01377fd7c7c8_710x1092.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUAD!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12251047-e699-4c53-aabc-01377fd7c7c8_710x1092.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUAD!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12251047-e699-4c53-aabc-01377fd7c7c8_710x1092.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUAD!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12251047-e699-4c53-aabc-01377fd7c7c8_710x1092.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>D&#232;s les premi&#232;res pages de <em>Blackleaf</em>, Isabelle Sall&#233; nous plonge dans un univers impitoyable : le Montana, terre de contrastes o&#249; les &#233;tendues enneig&#233;es et l&#8217;isolement pesant deviennent des personnages &#224; part enti&#232;re. Le village de Blackleaf, perdu au nord de cet &#201;tat am&#233;ricain, n&#8217;est pas qu&#8217;un simple cadre. Il est une pr&#233;sence obs&#233;dante, un d&#233;cor qui impr&#232;gne chaque sc&#232;ne, chaque &#233;motion. Le froid mordant, l&#8217;hostilit&#233; de la nature, la solitude des personnages&#8230; Tout concourt &#224; installer une tension palpable, une angoisse sourde qui ne nous l&#226;che plus.</p><blockquote><p>Ici, le pass&#233; ne meurt jamais. Il r&#244;de, il murmure, il resurgit avec une violence inou&#239;e.</p></blockquote><p>Et c&#8217;est dans ce contexte que le roman d&#233;ploie son intrigue, aussi sombre que captivante.</p><h4>Une intrigue redoutable, un suspense implacable</h4><p><em>Blackleaf</em> commence par une d&#233;couverte macabre : des moutons et leur propri&#233;taire retrouv&#233;s d&#233;capit&#233;s dans un ranch. Puis, c&#8217;est au tour de l&#8217;&#233;pouse d&#8217;un m&#233;decin de dispara&#238;tre sans laisser de traces. Ces &#233;v&#233;nements troublants vont &#233;branler la qui&#233;tude apparente du village et r&#233;veiller des secrets enfouis depuis des d&#233;cennies. Les deux sh&#233;rifs charg&#233;s de l&#8217;enqu&#234;te, confront&#233;s &#224; leurs propres d&#233;mons, devront naviguer dans un labyrinthe de mensonges, de non-dits et de trahisons.</p><p>Isabelle Sall&#233; ma&#238;trise l&#8217;art du suspense. Les chapitres courts, les points de vue multiples et cette tension qui monte crescendo rendent la lecture addictive. Impossible de s&#8217;arr&#234;ter apr&#232;s un chapitre. Impossible de ne pas se demander : <em>Qui ment ? Qui a quelque chose &#224; cacher ?</em> Chaque r&#233;v&#233;lation soul&#232;ve de nouvelles questions, chaque indice semble &#224; la fois crucial et trompeur.</p><p>Le roman joue avec nos attentes, les d&#233;tourne, les retourne. Ce qui pourrait sembler familier (un polar dans un village isol&#233;) devient sous sa plume une exp&#233;rience unique, d&#233;stabilisante, inoubliable.</p><h4>Des personnages complexes, une plong&#233;e psychologique vertigineuse</h4><p><em>Blackleaf</em> est un roman choral, o&#249; chaque personnage a sa voix, ses failles, ses zones d&#8217;ombre. Isabelle Sall&#233; nous offre un acc&#232;s privil&#233;gi&#233; &#224; la psych&#233; de ses protagonistes, et c&#8217;est l&#224; que r&#233;side une partie de la magie du livre. On ne suit pas seulement une enqu&#234;te : on plonge dans des ab&#238;mes humains, dans des blessures jamais referm&#233;es, dans des secrets qui rongent les &#226;mes.</p><p>Les personnages sont cr&#233;dibles, d&#233;rangeants, parfois ha&#239;ssables, mais toujours fascinants. On doute, on soup&#231;onne, on se trompe&#8230; et c&#8217;est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment ce qui rend la lecture aussi prenante. La mani&#232;re dont l&#8217;autrice aborde les th&#232;mes des violences conjugales, du silence des victimes et de la descente aux enfers des agresseurs est poignante, crue, mais toujours n&#233;cessaire. Elle donne une voix &#224; ceux qui n&#8217;osent pas parler, tout en explorant la psychologie tordue de ceux qui infligent la souffrance.</p><h4>Une dimension sociale et historique poignante</h4><p>Au-del&#224; du thriller, <em>Blackleaf</em> est aussi un roman qui interroge. Isabelle Sall&#233; y &#233;voque avec justesse les r&#233;alit&#233;s des populations autochtones, les r&#233;serves, l&#8217;effacement culturel, les blessures historiques encore bien vivaces. Cette dimension apporte une profondeur suppl&#233;mentaire au r&#233;cit, ancrant le polar dans une r&#233;alit&#233; sociale et humaine qui r&#233;sonne longtemps apr&#232;s la derni&#232;re page.</p><p>Le roman nous rappelle que derri&#232;re chaque myst&#232;re, chaque crime, il y a des vies bris&#233;es, des histoires oubli&#233;es, des injustices qui persistent.</p><h4>Un hommage aux grands thrillers, une &#233;criture visuelle et immersive</h4><p>Isabelle Sall&#233; ne cache pas ses influences : <em>Fargo</em>, <em>True Detective</em>, <em>Wind River</em>&#8230; Et on les sent, ces inspirations, dans la construction de son r&#233;cit. Les sc&#232;nes sont visuelles, presque cin&#233;matographiques, avec des cadrages pr&#233;cis qui accentuent l&#8217;immersion. Le lecteur a l&#8217;impression de marcher dans la neige du Montana, de ressentir le vent glac&#233;, d&#8217;entendre le silence pesant qui plane sur Blackleaf.</p><blockquote><p>Le roman reprend les codes du polar psychologique avec brio, mais il les d&#233;passe.</p></blockquote><p><em>Blackleaf</em> n&#8217;est pas qu&#8217;un simple thriller : c&#8217;est une exp&#233;rience litt&#233;raire, une plong&#233;e dans l&#8217;obscurit&#233; de l&#8217;&#226;me humaine, une r&#233;flexion sur la r&#233;silience, la culpabilit&#233; et la r&#233;demption.</p><h4>Un coup de ma&#238;tre</h4><p><em>Blackleaf : Fuir ou mourir</em> est un roman qui vous coupe le souffle. Isabelle Sall&#233; signe ici un premier roman mature, ambitieux, et surtout r&#233;ussi. Entre intrigue haletante, ambiance glaciale et profondeur psychologique, ce thriller coche toutes les cases&#8230; et bien plus encore.</p><p>Si vous aimez les r&#233;cits qui vous happent d&#232;s les premi&#232;res pages, qui vous transportent dans un univers &#224; la fois familier et d&#233;stabilisant, qui vous font r&#233;fl&#233;chir bien apr&#232;s avoir referm&#233; le livre, alors <em>Blackleaf</em> est fait pour vous.</p><blockquote><p>Un seul mot d&#8217;ordre : Lisez-le. Et pr&#233;parez-vous &#224; en redemander.</p></blockquote><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/blackleaf-disabelle-salle-la-neige?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/blackleaf-disabelle-salle-la-neige?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/blackleaf-disabelle-salle-la-neige/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un commentaire.&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" 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url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SgFU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95172e24-51ad-4e5c-91e2-42d2de605da2_2048x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SgFU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95172e24-51ad-4e5c-91e2-42d2de605da2_2048x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SgFU!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61589647168686&amp;__cft__[0]=AZaP8c-mFNEhUELdV0MC2cdoHaLIcA77NJ-htRYoaU-FR6RCOnXPUtaOXgs2SJgZFaOnsHg8swXa92UB7XNmX1XNuob6KX99h50YKZxM5j2aRTymI16QkriYtSHffhQYz8T_K6lj2Q5YvvK9FcNReSr9lmK0713uV9kw00_AUF6g-w&amp;__tn__=-UC%2CP-R">Douane Toulouse Facebook</a>)</h6>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Arc‑en‑ciel sur Superbagnères]]></title><description><![CDATA[Merci &#224; Marie pour le partage de ses photos prises ce lundi matin depuis le plateau de Luchon&#8209;Superbagn&#232;res, o&#249; un magnifique arc&#8209;en&#8209;ciel s&#8217;est form&#233; au&#8209;dessus de la montagne.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/arcenciel-sur-superbagneres</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/arcenciel-sur-superbagneres</guid><pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 14:50:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tdh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F116dfcb9-cba8-4c18-b8a8-1b2ceea9d090_2048x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F116dfcb9-cba8-4c18-b8a8-1b2ceea9d090_2048x1536.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tdh!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F116dfcb9-cba8-4c18-b8a8-1b2ceea9d090_2048x1536.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tdh!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F116dfcb9-cba8-4c18-b8a8-1b2ceea9d090_2048x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F116dfcb9-cba8-4c18-b8a8-1b2ceea9d090_2048x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a74e3423-8376-432b-b5ac-c097102ea0a5_2048x1536.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27a7552d-2aa4-4a1d-99c4-ef9a0151fc83_2048x1536.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d7af15ea-a9ef-42a4-af34-c05556e53c5a_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/20109441-18ba-4d17-9f65-a6a3d0a7c91c_2048x1536.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;(Photos &#169; Marie Colombi&#233;)&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/14f336f5-a132-4ff6-bac5-59d44ac92bf2_1456x1456.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/arcenciel-sur-superbagneres?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/arcenciel-sur-superbagneres?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/p/arcenciel-sur-superbagneres/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Laissez un 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2dce3649-e934-493d-aaae-56eeaee86f99_1448x948.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h6 style="text-align: center;"><strong><span>(Photo illustration : Facebook @ </span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61567702498212&amp;__tn__=-UC*F"><span>Syndicats Cgt-HtGaronne</span></a><span>)</span></strong></h6>
      <p>
          <a href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/fibre-excellence-une-lueur-despoir">
              Read more
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La 123e Fête des Fleurs rend hommage aux Pyrénées (photos) ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sur le th&#232;me &#8220;Nos Pyr&#233;n&#233;es&#8221;, la 123e F&#234;te des Fleurs de Luchon a c&#233;l&#233;br&#233; ce week-end les paysages et le patrimoine local avec une vingtaine de chars fleuris. Merci &#224; mon amie H&#233;l&#232;ne pour les photos.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/la-123e-fete-des-fleurs-rend-hommage</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/la-123e-fete-des-fleurs-rend-hommage</guid><pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2026 15:07:03 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg" width="1456" height="821" 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ae_k!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd617ca-e66b-44d9-b274-88aa49e4efd1_2048x1155.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h6 style="text-align: center;">(Photos &#169; H&#233;l&#232;ne Haffner)</h6><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" 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class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2b9b49af-a639-457f-995a-4af30bc4170e_1156x2049.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c4ecd048-2109-4125-bb28-bb4c8dfa524b_1156x2049.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/255f4eaa-04d1-43ed-a02b-5e1265822655_1456x720.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p></p><h6 style="text-align: center;">(Photos &#169; H&#233;l&#232;ne Haffner)</h6><p class="button-wrapper" 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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Saint-Gaudens : lundi, dernière ligne droite pour Fibre Excellence ?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Lundi, &#224; midi, le destin de 270 salari&#233;s se joue. Sans repreneur, l&#8217;usine de Saint-Gaudens suivra Tarascon en liquidation, malgr&#233; les risques industriels point&#233;s par la CGT.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/saint-gaudens-lundi-derniere-ligne</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/saint-gaudens-lundi-derniere-ligne</guid><pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2026 14:13:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png" width="1426" height="1074" 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hVjL!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5b0e0-611f-4632-9847-27f558640e02_1426x1074.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h6 style="text-align: center;">(Photo illustration : Facebook @ UL CGT Comminges)</h6>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Ne tirez pas sur l’oiseau moqueur de Harper Lee : ces livres qui nous tiennent debout]]></title><description><![CDATA[Chaque relecture de Ne tirez pas sur l&#8217;oiseau moqueur me rappelle pourquoi certains livres traversent les ann&#233;es sans faiblir. Ils nous accompagnent, simplement, et nous aident &#224; rester droits.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/ne-tirez-pas-sur-loiseau-moqueur</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/ne-tirez-pas-sur-loiseau-moqueur</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2026 08:40:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1qV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4bdaf904-e4b3-440d-bbc3-7eb80b502605_578x828.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1qV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4bdaf904-e4b3-440d-bbc3-7eb80b502605_578x828.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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/__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4bdaf904-e4b3-440d-bbc3-7eb80b502605_578x828.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1qV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4bdaf904-e4b3-440d-bbc3-7eb80b502605_578x828.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1qV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4bdaf904-e4b3-440d-bbc3-7eb80b502605_578x828.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1qV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4bdaf904-e4b3-440d-bbc3-7eb80b502605_578x828.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Il y a des livres qui reviennent chaque &#233;t&#233;, comme on retourne dans une maison d&#8217;enfance dont on a gard&#233; la cl&#233;. <em>Ne tirez pas sur l&#8217;oiseau moqueur</em> est de ceux-l&#224;. Je ne saurais dire combien de fois je l&#8217;ai relu, dix, peut-&#234;tre davantage, mais je sais qu&#8217;&#224; chaque fois, quelque chose en moi se rappelle pourquoi j&#8217;ai fait des mots mon m&#233;tier.</p><h4>Scout, ou l&#8217;en&#8230;</h4>
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          <a href="/__u/paultian.substack.com/p/ne-tirez-pas-sur-loiseau-moqueur">
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Salut nazi : la banalisation en marche]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mus&#233;es, synagogues, r&#233;seaux sociaux : le salut nazi s&#8217;affiche sans complexe. La banalisation est en marche, et elle est terrifiante]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/salut-nazi-la-banalisation-en-marche</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/salut-nazi-la-banalisation-en-marche</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 14:00:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg" width="1280" height="846" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:846,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:335650,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/i/212149992?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_U8A!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fd2f861-4929-4530-8a54-f702aa616c71_1280x846.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h6 style="text-align: center;">(Photo illustration : Berlin - <strong>Mus&#233;e de l&#8217;horreur nazie en plein air / Topographie des Terrors)</strong></h6>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Ceuta ou le naufrage d’une promesse]]></title><description><![CDATA[Les d&#233;parts de jeunes Marocains disent moins le r&#234;ve d&#8217;Europe que la d&#233;fiance envers un avenir sans perspectives. Derri&#232;re le mirage europ&#233;en, une g&#233;n&#233;ration risque la fronti&#232;re faute d&#8217;alternative.]]></description><link>https://paultian.substack.com/p/ceuta-ou-le-naufrage-dune-promesse</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://paultian.substack.com/p/ceuta-ou-le-naufrage-dune-promesse</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Paul Tian]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 08:35:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png" width="1456" height="660" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:660,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2093060,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://paultian.substack.com/i/211827841?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_424, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_848, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!njiV!, /__u/paultian.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/paultian.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/paultian.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/paultian.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/paultian.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F287f1d14-16cb-43b4-ac5e-a0ee1691d3db_1852x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h6 style="text-align: center;">(Photo illustration : capture &#233; cran Arte-TV / YouTube)</h6>
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