Introduction

The L.A Rams are Super Bowl favorites next season, based off of their roster, which includes MVP Matthew Stafford, Puka Nacua, who had 1,715 receiving yards, and the legendary Davante Adams on offense. But on defense, they traded for Chiefs’ cornerback Trent McDuffie, one of the best cornerbacks in the league, and Myles Garrett, the player who broke the single season sack record last season and won Defensive Player of the Year last year, and possibly one of the greatest DTs of all-time Aaron Donald may be coming out of retirement to play for this L.A Rams super team. That roster is the Super Bowl favorites, and rightly so, because that team may be one of the greatest of all time. But this team still does have weaknesses which may hold them back from their Super Bowl expectations.

Quarterback Dependence

The Rams have, arguably, the best quarterback in the league right now. They have the reigning MVP, Matthew Stafford. But Stafford is 38 years old, and you can’t completely rely on a 38 year old quarterback. What if he gets injured? Their backup, however, is first-round pick Ty Simpson. He is a first-round pick, but he also needs to prove that he can play in the NFL.

Linebacker Depth

General manager Les Snead didn’t do much with the linebacker position, leaving projected starters Nate Landman and Omar Speights carrying this position, with little depth behind them. Omar Speights has trouble in coverage at times, and Landman has been inconsistent for the Rams defense. These problems leave the middle of the field open for offenses to exploit.

Conclusion

The L.A Rams have the best roster in the NFL and are favorites to win the Lambardi Trophy, but they do have weaknesses that hold them back, like any other team. However, even with these weaknesses, they are still the best roster in the NFL, and favorites to win the Super Bowl.

Introduction

Imagine you were a Triceratops, drinking water from a lake. On the other side of that lake is a pack of Edmontosauruses. They were gleefully sipping the water, but that’s when you see something lurking behind the trees. Two eyes peer out. You know what’s going to happen. In a flash, three T-Rexes pop out of the trees, lunging towards the Edmontosaurus pack. They all scrambled in different directions. Most got away, but one didn’t. It was trapped. The Edmontosaurus was cornered by the three T-Rexes. A T-Rex lunged at the Edmontosaurus, severely wounding it. But it may still be alive, so the T-Rex violently pulled its jaw backwards, killing its prey. All three T-Rexes ate their meal, while you, the Triceratops, are running away from the rexes, hoping they’ve had their fill. This is how scientists think T-Rex hunted, but it is still debated. So how did the king of the Cretaceous actually hunt?

Stealth and Ambush

A fully grown adult T-Rex weighed anywhere from 7 to 11 tons in weight. Because of its immense size, it could not run long distances to chase down its prey. If it did, the T-Rex would risk huge bone fractures. So, instead of chasing its prey, the T-Rex hid behind Cretaceous vegetation near its prey (Triceratops and Edmontosaurus were its main prey), waited for the right time to strike, and then killed its prey.

Strong Senses

The T-Rex had excellent vision and sense of smell. Many other theropods at the time had eyes on the sides of their heads, but the T-Rex was different. They had forward facing eyes. This gave the T-Rex excellent depth perception, so it could accurately gauge distances during a hunt. The T-Rex’s sense of smell was almost unmatched at the time. It had massive olfactory bulbs, which helped the T-Rex track prey from miles away. Another use of its extremely strong nose was also finding injured prey, which would be more vulnerable and easier to kill than uninjured prey.

The “Puncture-Pull” Strategy

Once the T-Rex located its prey, and closed the distance between them, the T-Rex would finally go for the kill. But it wouldn’t just slash at its prey like the Allosaurus which lived before it. It would use a “puncture-pull” method to kill its prey. The T-Rex would use its bone-crushing jaws to clamp down on the prey’s neck. This is the puncture. This part of the kill method would severely wound the T-Rex’s prey. Once the T-Rex lethally bit its prey, it would violently pull its jaw back, killing its prey. This is the pull. The puncture-pull method was used by the T-Rex because its teeth aren’t sharp like blades, but more thick and built to withstand armor when in clashes with dinosaurs like the Ankylosaurus.

Group Hunting?

In the Jurassic Park movies, the iconic T-Rex hunts alone, not in packs. But now there is evidence to suggest that the T-Rex hunted in packs. There have been several discoveries of burial sites containing multiple T-Rex skeletons. This has led paleontologists to wonder if the T-Rex hunted in packs, and not as a solitary dinosaur. Some believe that juvenile and adult T-Rexes worked together in collaborative hunting. The fast, long-legged juvenile T-Rexes would chase the prey towards the hidden adult T-Rexes, who would kill the prey. This is still debated though, as other paleontologists think that the burial sites including multiple T-Rexes doesn’t mean they hunted together, they just died near each other, possibly in a flood or other natural disaster.

Conclusion

So, if you were the Triceratops at the lake drinking water, you weren’t dealing with a brainless, chase predator — you were dealing with a smart, ambush predator with binocular vision, a nose that could smell you from miles away, and possibly two more sets of jaws hidden nearby. Before, we thought that the T-Rex was just like how it was depicted in the movies; dumb, fast, and had bad senses, but now we know the real T-Rex was the opposite of that; it was a patient, perceptive, precise, ambush predator. But our understanding of the Tyrant Lizard King could change as new fossils are found.

Introduction

In 2026, paleontologist Paul Sereno and an international team described a new dinosaur species. It was found in the Farak Formation in Niger. Its defining feature is a curved crest on the top of its head. The crest is the tallest head crest found on any predatory, non-avian dinosaur. The specimen found by Paul Sereno and his team was described as around 8 meters (26 feet) long, although the exact adult size remains uncertain. But, like most spinosaurids, it had interdigitating upper and lower teeth, which is great for clamping down on slippery fish. It also likely lived around 95 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous. This dinosaur’s name was Spinosaurus mirabilis, meaning “astonishing spine lizard”.

The 2019 Expedition

In 2019, Paul Sereno and his team were searching for fossils in the Farak Formation. But why were they searching in the Farak Formation? In the 1950s, a French geological report mentioned there were fossils in the area. So, the team of paleontologists searched the area mentioned in the French report for fossils. The team arrived in the area and soon made a fascinating discovery: a dinosaur skull. But this wasn’t just any dinosaur skull. They thought it was a Spinosaurus. However, among those bones was a huge crest, which wasn’t seen in other Spinosaurus fossils. At first, they didn’t think it was a skull crest. They just thought it was another bone mixed into the skull fossils. So, in this expedition, they just thought they found a Spinosaurus specimen, not a new species.

The 2022 Expedition

In 2022, Sereno and his team returned to the region where they found the “Spinosaurus” fossil for a larger expedition. The journey wasn’t easy, though, because they traveled deep into the Sahara Desert. In this expedition, they found many more fossils, including more skull material and the crest. Finding multiple crests was extremely crucial because it showed that the structure wasn’t simply an unusual feature found on a single Spinosaurus specimen. They found an entirely new species with a large crest on the top of each dinosaur’s head.

Lifestyle

Unlike the coastal environments often associated with other spinosaur fossils, Spinosaurus mirabilis was found deep inside Africa, in Niger, in an inland freshwater ecosystem. It was also a semi-aquatic dinosaur, meaning it spent part of its life on land and the rest in water. It also may have mated using its large crest; however, the exact use of the crest is uncertain. The crest could have had vibrant colors to attract mates.

Hunting Style

The Spinosaurus mirabilis’ diet most likely consisted of many varieties of fish and other aquatic prey. It would have hunted by stabilizing itself in shallow water and rapidly using its long, crocodile-like jaws to catch and seize its prey. However, it lived alongside Carcharodontosaurus, a ferocious predator similar to the Giganotosaurus. Spinosaurus mirabilis and Carcharodontosaurus would have competed for resources, although there is no direct evidence they regularly fought over food.

The Scimitar Crest

The most remarkable feature of this new species is its gigantic head crest. It rises from the skull and curves backwards, making a shape similar to a scimitar. The fossilized portion of the crest is around 50 centimeters in height, making it the tallest head crest in predatory non-avian dinosaurs. Scientists don’t know exactly what the crest was used for, but it may have been used to attract mates. The crest also was likely covered by soft tissue, possibly making it very vibrant.

Conclusion

Spinosaurus mirabilis is much more than a new dinosaur species. Its enormous crest, inland freshwater habitat, and adaptations for hunting aquatic prey provide new clues about the evolution and lifestyle of spinosaurids. However, many questions remain unanswered, including how the scimitar-shaped crest was used and how big the fully grown adult specimens can truly grow. Future discoveries may reveal even more about this “Hell Heron”.

Introduction

Caleb Williams is one of the most talked-about players in the NFL right now. He is the face of the Madden 27 cover. Does this mean he is the next great quarterback in the NFL? Will he live up to expectations?

Why Is He So Talked About?

Caleb Williams led the Chicago Bears to a regular-season record of 11–6, improving on his rookie-year mark of 5–12 and taking his team to the playoffs as the #2 seed, winning the NFC North. But this isn’t why he has been spotlighted so heavily. He paved the way for his team to reach a record-breaking seven 4th-quarter comebacks last season and made many crazy throws in those games. One game to highlight was the Bears-Packers playoff game. In this game, the Chicago Bears were trailing 21–3 to their division rivals, the Green Bay Packers, in the Wild Card round. The final score was 27–31 for the Bears. The Chicago Bears’ season ended with a dramatic Divisional round loss to the Los Angeles Rams in overtime. But in that game, Caleb Williams and co. were trailing 17–10 with 27 seconds left on 4th down. Caleb launched a miracle throw to tight-end Cole Kmet for a touchdown, in a play widely regarded as one of the best in playoff history.

Will He Live Up to Expectations?

Caleb is an extremely talented quarterback, but he needs a good head coach to guide him. Lucky for him, though, he has an excellent head coach in Ben Johnson, who will definitely shape him into a great quarterback. But Caleb Williams does have a really big problem to fix, as well.

The Big Problem That Needs to Be Fixed

The main issue for Caleb Williams is his completion percentage. Last season, his percentage was incredibly low at 59.2%. If he gets that percentage up, he will become a top quarterback in the NFL.

Conclusion

Caleb Williams will most likely become a legendary quarterback in the future, if not one of the best in the league, if he fixes his problems and lives up to expectations. His incredible playmaking and clutch already make him a good quarterback; if that is combined with even a mediocre completion percentage, he will be a top quarterback in the NFL in the near future.

Introduction

Research is one thing that has gotten humans this far. We need research to better understand the world. One way we conduct research is by testing products we make, such as vaccines, on animals to see whether they function properly. This is one of the most debated issues in research.

Animals Can Feel Pain

Science proves that animals can feel pain and have trauma, not just humans. The environment in a lab alone can make an animal scared, and in turn, cause stress and make an animal behave differently than it would in the wild. The stress can spread from animal to animal, as well.

Speciesism

Speciesism is the belief that one species deserves more importance than another. Just because humans are smart doesn’t mean we are better than animals. The counter belief to speciesism is that humans and animals are equal. The question is whether we can test on animals, which some think are the same as humans, or should we find another way?

Tests on Animals Won’t Guarantee Results to People

Almost 92% of drugs that pass animal tests fail tests on humans and don’t reach the market. This rate hasn’t changed a lot over the years. The main reasons tests failed for humans are unexpected toxicity that the animal tests didn’t expect, and the drugs simply don’t function properly on people. The ethical concern here is that the animals’ suffering does not always lead to results that predict human outcomes well.

Conclusion

Animal testing for research remains one of the most debated topics in science because it can cause animals suffering while still failing to predict some human results. The thing is, there are alternatives to animal testing. Organoids can be used to simulate a drug’s effect on the human body. An organoid is a simplified version of a real human organ. That is just one other way drugs can be tested. There are other ones, too. The question is, should we ditch animal testing and do something else?

Sources:

Why Animal Testing Is Cruel, Unethical, and Unreliable — ScienceInsights

Is animal testing ethical?

Introduction

There are many types of junk food, like burgers and donuts. Junk food can raise health risks when consumed regularly. But what exactly does junk food do to your body? We will look at four different junk foods and see how they affect your body.

Burgers

A burger is a slice of meat, lettuce, tomatoes, and cheese sandwiched between two toasted buns, most of the time, but they can be made differently. But they pose many issues to our health once consumed regularly. For starters, they have a very high fat content. This is mainly saturated fat. High levels of fat can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. It can also cause inflammation, which can then lead to various health problems. Burgers also have really high sodium levels. This can lead to cardiovascular issues, like high blood pressure. They also have very bad nutritional value. Many burgers can be high in saturated fat and sodium, depending on how they are made.

French Fries

French fries are potatoes deep-fried in oil. Yes, there are many different ways to make them, but this is the general way that french fries are made. They are very unhealthy, though. First of all, they are very high in calories. They also don’t include many key nutrients as compared to other side dishes. So, eating them constantly can lead to weight gain, increasing the chance of obesity. They can also contribute to the development of heart disease because of the amount of unhealthy fat and sodium.

Fried Chicken

Fried chicken is chicken coated in a mixture of flour and spices or breadcrumbs, then deep-fried to create a crispy, flavorful outer skin, resulting in a crispy, tender piece of chicken. But it is very unhealthy. It can cause bloating, because it is very fatty. This makes it slow to go through the digestive tract, which causes bloating. They are also high in calories, causing weight gain.

Donuts

A donut is made by mixing dough, letting it rise, then topping it with frosting or glazing it. They are sweet and pillowy, but they are bad for your health. First of all, they are very high in sugar, calories, and fat content. But they are low in essential nutrients. Eating too much sugar can lead to weight gain, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, etc.

Conclusion

Junk foods are bad for your health. But the risks mentioned above will only come if you eat junk food constantly. This article isn’t saying you can’t eat junk food at all. It’s saying you shouldn’t eat it regularly. A better way to eat junk food is to enjoy it once in a while.

Sources:

Are Doughnuts Healthy?

What Happens to Your Body When You Eat Fried Chicken — Eat This Not That

The Hidden Dangers of Hamburgers: Expert Warns of Devastating Consequences — Dishdashboard

Are French Fries Healthy or Unhealthy? A Comprehensive Analysis — HomeDiningKitchen

Introduction

Geography can shape a country’s economy in many different ways. Some countries have an abundance of natural resources, some sit along major trade routes, and others have climates that can change the way farming works in a country. These factors can create huge economic advantages or disadvantages, even though they aren’t the only thing that matters to an economy.

Natural Resources

The first thing is the number of natural resources a country has. If a country is located in a region with an abundance of natural resources, it can sell those resources to other countries and make money. Saudi Arabia is a good example of this. It has a lot of oil, an important resource. It makes a lot of money from exporting oil, bolstering its economy. Natural resources can also help create more jobs, which boosts the economy.

Location

Location also impacts a country’s economy. When a country sits along a place where trade routes cross, it helps because it would take less time to ship goods out, and it will cost less money, too. An example of this is Panama. Panama is located right in the middle of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. It is also between North and South America. It also has the Panama Canal, a way to move between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. This has turned Panama into a global trade hub. But this isn’t always an advantage. Countries in places that are isolated or have harsh climates may be less favorable for trade and won’t be able to grow good crops.

Climate

Climate will affect a country’s economy, because it is hard to grow crops in an extreme climate. Without these crops, a country will need to import (buy resources into the country), instead of exporting (sending out homegrown crops to the country that paid for them). This can hurt the economy by making agriculture less productive and increasing the dependence on imported crops. Iceland is an example of this. Iceland’s cold climate makes farming challenging. It can’t grow enough crops to feed its people, so they rely heavily on imported food.

Conclusion

A country’s geography affects its economy, giving it major advantages or disadvantages. But it isn’t everything for an economy. There are still other factors that come into play, like the government and relationships with other countries.

Everything will have an end eventually. The world, the solar system, the galaxy, and even the universe will eventually have an end. But how will the universe end? There isn’t an exact answer, but there are many theories. This article will explain the most likely possibilities.

The universe is expanding. Edwin Hubble discovered this in 1929. But won’t it slow down eventually because gravity will pull on it? Is that how the universe will end? Well, no. In fact, the universe is expanding faster. Dark energy is countering the force of gravity. In fact, dark energy is also accelerating the expansion of the universe. This means the universe could end in the Big Freeze.

The Big Freeze theory states that everything in the universe will start to drift apart. Everything is isolated from each other. Gas will run out, stopping the creation of stars. Everything will lose heat. Planets will freeze. Black holes will eat everything, then they will slowly evaporate. There will be nothing in the universe other than a small number of particles drifting through the lonely universe. This is the leading theory.

The universe is expanding, but there is a possibility that it accelerates into chaos because dark energy may be growing stronger. This could be another way the universe ends, the Big Rip. It isn’t slow, like the Big Freeze; it’s fast. Everything is torn apart. Gravity can’t pull everything together. It starts with the galaxies. They separate. Planets fly away from the stars they orbit, like the sun. The atoms in our body get ripped apart. And in the end of it all, even time itself is torn apart into pieces.

What if the growth of the universe reverses? This is the theory of the Big Crunch. It is basically the opposite of the Big Bang. Instead of the universe expanding, it starts shrinking. Temperatures rise. Everything compresses into one singular point. This most likely won’t happen because cosmic expansion may never stop, but if this does happen, the universe could reincarnate.

The Big Bounce is what could happen after the Big Crunch. This would just be the Big Bang all over again. This means the Big Crunch will happen again, then the Big Bounce, and the cycle will repeat forever. If this is what happens, there will be no end to the universe, just a different version of the universe. The thing is, this may not happen even if the Big Crunch happens. This is a hypothetical theory.

Again, these aren’t all of the theories. These are just a few of them. In fact, none of these may happen. Maybe the universe is destined for something else. We can’t see the future. Anything can happen.

Sources:

How Will the Universe End? The Most Mind-Bending Theories in Astronomy

The end of everything: 5 ways the universe could be destroyed

Earthquakes are very chaotic. Everyone knows that. But what causes earthquakes? Can we cause earthquakes? If yes, do we cause some earthquakes? Those are all questions that will be answered in this article.

First of all, how are earthquakes naturally caused? To answer that question, we have to look at tectonic plates. If the Earth is a puzzle, tectonic plates would be the puzzle pieces. They make up the Earth’s crust. They are constantly moving, as well. Well, we don’t feel them moving, because they move slowly. But what does this have to do with earthquakes? Sometimes, they can get stuck on their edges because of friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes this friction, it creates an earthquake that releases energy waves that travel through the Earth’s crust, causing the shaking that happens during an earthquake.

Can we cause man-made earthquakes? Yes, we can. We do this when we influence seismic activity (vibrations in the Earth’s crust caused by bursts of energy). This can create earthquakes. But what exactly do we do that causes earthquakes? Mining is one reason for human-induced earthquakes, along with building dams and the disposal of waste fluids. Mining can cause earthquakes because when we remove stuff from the Earth, it will cause instability, leading to earthquakes. Another thing humans do that causes earthquakes is building dams. Filling large reservoirs can change pressure and stress in the ground, creating earthquakes. Another cause is the disposal of waste fluids, which, according to USGS, is the leading cause of human-induced earthquakes in the central US. When wells dispose of waste fluids, they inject them into the ground, which can cause instability, creating earthquakes.

So, yes, we can cause earthquakes. This may be surprising, and that would make sense. Earthquakes are widely regarded as unpredictable. Most earthquakes are natural, but some are caused by humans, too.

Sources:

What is an earthquake and what causes them to happen? | U.S. Geological Survey

How Humans Are Causing Deadly Earthquakes | National Geographic

Can we cause earthquakes? Is there any way to prevent earthquakes? | U.S. Geological Survey

South Korea is a country known well for its pop culture and music, K-Pop. But how does its geography affect its security? This article will explain it.

First, we should look at the history of Korea and how it was split based on the 38th parallel. After World War 2, the Soviets and the Americans decided that the line, which is now the 38th parallel, should be the place where both sides would be divided. Korea was eventually divided, and both sides pulled out their troops. But later, North Korea wanted to have the entirety of Korea under its communist regime and decided to invade South Korea. They almost did it; they got to the tip of South Korea. But then the Americans pushed back, taking the North Koreans back near their border with China. The Chinese didn’t want American allies as their next-door neighbor, so they brought in their troops. They pushed back for almost 3 years, and both sides made a truce. Keep in mind this is a truce, not a treaty. Korea got split by the 38th parallel and stayed there.

The biggest problem for South Korea right now is the hostility of its next-door neighbor. North Korea is unpredictable. It is led by a government that has total control of the people and the country. Put that in a mix with nuclear weapons, and that would not be a good combination. North Korea is also backed by China, which is also in proximity to South Korea. In case they do get into a war, China could back up North Korea, too. Another problem for Korea is that its capital, Seoul, is only about 30 miles south of the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone), making it prone to a strike by North Korea. Almost half of its population lives in the region, making it a huge issue for South Korea.

Even though South Korea’s geography may not be the best, it still has a pretty strong military. It also has strong allies, like the US. South Korea’s geography likely won’t cause its demise, but it is still a point to think about when thinking about the security of South Korea.

Source:

Prisoners of Geography. By: Tim Marshall

Brainrot has taken the world by storm in many different forms. There’s Italian brainrot (shown above), skibidi toilet, and many more I cannot mention because it will take up the entire article. The name “brainrot” might make you think that it rots your brain. But what does it do to your brain? This article explains it.

Before we get into the effects of brainrot, let us see why people love watching it. It all goes back to our love for short-form content. This is where most brainrot lies, other than video games, but we will come back to that. All you do is watch the brainrot. It’s that simple. The brain wants to do easy stuff, and watching brainrot is easy. Our brain also thinks video games are fun. It will make us play games, even if they have brainrot in them. It keeps you in that comfort zone you want to stay in.

How does brainrot affect your brain? Well, first, brainrot may affect your mood, habits, and focus. Constantly watching brainrot may train your brain to expect short stimulation. This would make activities you once liked, like reading a book, boring. This may make slower activities less fun for your brain. Brainrot can make your brain feel overwhelmed. It also might cause memory problems, social withdrawal, and difficulties with planning or decision-making. In the worst-case scenario, it may cause a worse mood in some people.

If you want to stop being addicted to brainrot, here is how. First, you must establish rules to stop you from watching the brainrot, like screen-time limits. Once you do this, you may find you will have extra time, and you do not know what to do with it. Try doing something that stimulates you other than watching brainrot, like exercising or doing something you have been wanting to do but could not because of the screen on your phone. This will help get your brain used to slower, healthier activities again.

Brainrot is not the best thing for you. After reading this, maybe turn off the screen and do something real. Go outside and breathe fresh air or learn something new. Do anything you would like, other than watching brainrot.

Sources:

Brainrot: What Is It and How Do You Know If You Have It?

The Rise of Brainrot Culture: Harmless Fun or Mental Overload? — TechBullion

The Neuroscience Behind “Brain Rot” | Contemporary Psychology

Operation Epic Fury has raised a lot of questions for people. One question is, will this operation cause a large-scale war that could spread to the mainland US? The geography of the United States would make a large-scale invasion extremely difficult, and here’s why:

The US is surrounded by two oceans, the Pacific and the Atlantic. No country would want to send troops through these oceans into the mainland US. Even if a country sent troops through the ocean, they most likely wouldn’t have any connection to the country they were sent from. So, in case of an emergency, they probably wouldn’t be able to get the resources they need in time.

To try to invade the US, you will need to surprise them with the invasion. NORAD’s aerospace and maritime warning missions would make a surprise attack much harder. Once they see the ships, the US defense will get to them quickly.

Even if a country got to the US Pacific coast, they would be met with mountains welcoming their arrival. They would have to get on the ground and get through the terrain, which would not be easy. Even if they do overcome the coastline, they will be met with the changing climate that the US has. They will have to adjust quickly to the weather, which will make the mission harder. All of the terrain the US has will burn fuel quickly, causing the operation to screech to a halt.

Even if soldiers get into the US without a problem, they will face another huge problem: the citizens of the US. 32% of the people living in the US own guns, and 4 in 10 people live in a household with a gun. If you send in troops into the US, neighborhoods will become dangerous. The people will fight back and make an invasion way harder for the soldiers invading.

All of the geographic advantages the US has make an invasion extremely difficult, no matter how strong the invader is. The blanket of oceans, harsh climate and terrain, the warning systems, and the citizens will make an invasion of the US extremely challenging. This doesn’t make the US invulnerable, but it will make a normal invasion unlikely.

Sources:

Can USA Survive a Full Scale Invasion?

Key facts about Americans and guns | Pew Research Center

About NORAD

Prisoners of Geography. By: Tim Marshall

In simple terms, they first found a DNA sample of a dire wolf specimen. They then found a living animal and modified its DNA to match that of the extinct animal. In this case, it was a gray wolf. Then they edited the gray wolf cells and transferred their nuclei into denucleated dog egg cells (a cell that has had its nucleus removed) and implanted the embryos into surrogate hounds (a dog that replaces a real mother).

Colossal Biosciences made the debated claim that this project brought back the dire wolf and could help address declining biodiversity. They think that by introducing animals from previous ecosystems into the current ecosystems, the animals will thrive. But not everyone likes this idea. First of all, people don’t even think this is de-extinction. This is because critics say that Colossal didn’t change all of the gray wolf’s genome to match the dire wolf’s genome. Critics think that they just made a genetically modified gray wolf. Other people are looking at this from an ethical lens. They think that the animals were destined to be extinct, and we shouldn’t be “playing god” and bring extinct animals back to life again. Another group of people thinks that, since they want to stop the decrease in biodiversity and extinctions, we should spend the funding Colossal gets for de-extinction on saving endangered species instead, stopping them from going extinct.

The big question is whether this is the best way to solve the problem of decreasing biodiversity, or should they spend the funding on other solutions to solve the problem instead, like saving endangered species?