<script data-pm-proxy="intercept"></script><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[What keeps us up at night. ]]></title><description><![CDATA[I write about the fault lines of liberal democracy — where antisemitism, authoritarian influence, and moral confusion reveal what is truly breaking in the West.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9Gd!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0313bf3-ea94-4a05-af6a-b5a1cbda4197_144x144.png</url><title>What keeps us up at night. </title><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 12:07:04 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="/__u/simonerodan.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[simonerodan@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[simonerodan@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[simonerodan@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[simonerodan@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[A European Reads an American Election]]></title><description><![CDATA[Michigan votes on Tuesday, and the favorite in the Democratic Senate primary is a man most people in Europe have never heard of.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/a-european-reads-an-american-election</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/a-european-reads-an-american-election</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 15:47:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9Gd!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0313bf3-ea94-4a05-af6a-b5a1cbda4197_144x144.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Michigan votes on Tuesday, and the favorite in the Democratic Senate primary is a man most people in Europe have never heard of. Abdul El-Sayed is a physician, once Detroit&#8217;s health director, now a progressive standard-bearer backed by Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. He leads the polls, and in a seat that leans Democratic, winning Tuesday puts him within reach of the United States Senate and possibly more. The coverage of him has settled into two grooves. One is his hostile rhetoric on Israel. The other is the money fight, or more precisely, his obsession with AIPAC, the pro-Israel lobby in the United States. Both are worth examining. Neither is the same as examining the man and the network around him, which sits in the public record and has drawn remarkably little scrutiny.</p><p>Start with the platforms. El-Sayed gave the keynote at the national banquet of the Council on American-Islamic Relations in 2017 and returned to its national conference in 2018. He also spoke at CAIR-Florida in 2020, and a Republican Senate committee later claimed he was paid $5,000 for a 2022 conversation with CAIR executives, though that claim should be treated as an allegation unless independently verified. A federal court named CAIR an unindicted co-conspirator in the Holy Land Foundation case, the largest terrorism-financing prosecution in American history. The trial exhibits show CAIR being added to the Palestine Committee, a structure the Brotherhood created. On a wiretapped 1993 meeting in Philadelphia, a participant spelled out the strategy plainly: present an acceptable face, do not raise a large Islamic flag, soften the language. The instruction was not to strike. It was to reassure.</p><p>While the story fixes on the lobby spending against El-Sayed, his own campaign runs on a quieter stream. His father-in-law, Tayeb Jukaku, led CAIR&#8217;s Michigan chapter from 2005 to 2010 and sits on the founding committee of the Islamic Society of North America, the other prominent unindicted co-conspirator in the same case. Jukaku has poured two hundred thousand dollars into the Fighting for Michigan super PAC boosting El-Sayed, nearly half the money it had raised as of the last filing, ranking him among its largest donors. The candidate who built his brand on driving money out of politics has said nothing when asked about his father-in-law&#8217;s ISNA role.</p><p>Linda Sarsour, the activist familiar to Europeans as a figurehead of the American women&#8217;s march and of the pro-Palestinian left, endorsed El-Sayed in his 2018 run for governor, appeared at his events, and has publicly named him her choice for Senate in 2026. Reporters who cover him describe him as her protege. Her early backing helped move an obscure Detroit physician into the national coalition that funds and staffs him today.</p><p>The positions track the surroundings. Asked at an event billed as outreach to Jewish voters whether Israel has the right to exist as a Jewish state, El-Sayed said the question troubled him, then turned it back on his questioner, demanding to know how a Jewish state squares with liberal values. On a leaked campaign call, he advised against any statement on the death of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, because there are a lot of people in Dearborn who are sad. This is the material the Israel-discourse coverage flattens into a single line about his views, when the pattern is what matters.</p><p>Even his own staff have seen it. Jordan Domingue, a Marine veteran who had run El-Sayed&#8217;s security since 2018, resigned in January and went on the record with the Michigan Enjoyer about the candidate&#8217;s posture toward antisemitism and Islamist factions. He refused a separation payment so that he could speak freely. The campaign disparaged him; documents reviewed by the outlet showed he left on principle. Domingue also recalled El-Sayed acknowledging the value of Israel&#8217;s Iron Dome in protecting civilians, a detail a fair account keeps in view.</p><p>A European reader assembles these facts differently than an American one. America looks for terrorism, for the plot, for the armed cell, and when it finds none it concludes there is nothing to see. We learned in France that the question sits elsewhere. The organizations that grew out of the Muslim Brotherhood milieu in the West are not jihadist groups. They seek power, and they seek it through the means the liberal state hands them. Their method is legal, institutional, discursive. It advances through the courts, through the vocabulary of human rights, through the patient work of associations, mosques, charities, and student unions that turn a scattered population into an organized constituency a politician must court. Its sharpest instrument is a word: Islamophobia, deployed less to shield believers from real bigotry than to reclassify scrutiny of the political project itself as bigotry, so that the questions stop before they are asked. The aim is not to terrorize the majority. It is to discipline the debate, to place certain subjects beyond challenge, and to convert religious identity into political leverage. That is what the wiretap in Philadelphia captured, the instruction to reassure rather than to strike, and it is what the American lens, fixed on the search for a weapon, keeps failing to register.</p><p>I cannot tell you that Abdul El-Sayed belongs to the Muslim Brotherhood, and I will not pretend to. That is not the claim, and it is not the point. What unsettles a European reading his file is not a membership card. It is a pattern we have learned to recognize, because we watched it take shape at home for thirty years. An American looks at El-Sayed and searches for the plot, the cell, the weapon, and finding none, concludes there is nothing to discuss. We learned in France to look elsewhere. The networks that grew out of the Brotherhood milieu in the West are not conspiracies of violence. They are projects of influence, and they advance through exactly the channels a candidate like this moves through: the keynote at the CAIR banquet, the father-in-law on the ISNA founding committee funding the super PAC, the mentorship of Linda Sarsour, the security chief who resigned on principle and refused the money to keep quiet. Each fact is innocent on its own. A European does not read them one at a time. He reads them together, and he recognizes the grammar, the same reassuring face, the same discipline of the debate, the same word wielded to end the questions before they begin. That is why this makes us nervous. Not because we can prove what El-Sayed is, but because we have seen what surroundings like these produce, and we know how long the American lens keeps insisting there is nothing to see.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[America Alone? Or Human Rights Alone?]]></title><description><![CDATA[On July 24, France&#8217;s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva published a tweet.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/america-alone-or-human-rights-alone</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/america-alone-or-human-rights-alone</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 19:25:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png" width="1536" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1536,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:0,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-JYt!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1c8fb4a-dadc-4574-9ba1-818938106033_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>On July 24, France&#8217;s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva published a tweet. In English, complete with hashtag:</p><p>&#8220;The United States used to be a beacon of human rights. Not anymore. It now stands alongside North Korea, Nicaragua, Mali and Russia, isolated. And the world is no longer listening. #AmericaAlone.&#8221;</p><p>According to this logic, the world no longer listens to Washington. It listens instead to the institution Paris had just helped preserve: the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, whose chief, Volker T&#252;rk, had just been reappointed by the General Assembly for another four-year term over U.S. objections.</p><p>A word about the man French diplomacy was celebrating.</p><p>According to UN Watch, which reviewed the first two years of his tenure, Volker T&#252;rk has condemned the United States more often than China, North Korea, Cuba, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar combined. He has said nothing about Cuba, nothing about North Korea, nothing about Eritrea, and nothing about Qatar. By contrast, he has found ample reason to criticize the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Italy, and France.</p><p>When it comes to China, none of his rare public criticisms has even mentioned the detention of more than one million Uyghurs, despite the United Nations itself concluding in 2022 that their mass detention may constitute crimes against humanity. Nor did he see fit to distance himself from Francesca Albanese, the UN Special Rapporteur whose repeated statements have drawn condemnation even from European capitals. On that issue, the UN&#8217;s highest-ranking human rights official had nothing to say.</p><p>Kenneth Roth, who led Human Rights Watch for three decades and can hardly be accused of pro-American sympathies, summed up T&#252;rk&#8217;s record in a single word: <em>a disaster.</em></p><p>One might argue that T&#252;rk cannot be blamed for everything&#8212;that he inherited the institution.</p><p>Perhaps.</p><p>But that only makes matters worse.</p><p>The founding resolution of the Human Rights Council, the body that oversees the High Commissioner&#8217;s office, requires its members to uphold &#8220;the highest standards&#8221; in the promotion and protection of human rights. Yet China and Cuba have served on the Council for eighteen years, Qatar for seventeen. Russia and Saudi Arabia have long been regular members. A majority of its members are not classified as democracies by Freedom House.</p><p>Only one country in the world appears automatically on the Council&#8217;s agenda at every single session as a permanent item: Israel. Every other country is debated only if a majority of member states decides it should be&#8212;which rarely happens. At the UN General Assembly, Israel receives roughly twenty times more condemnatory resolutions each year than Iran, Syria, and North Korea combined.</p><p>This selectivity comes at a price&#8212;and it is not paid by the regimes it protects.</p><p>An institution that singles out one country squanders the only capital it truly possesses: its moral authority. The day it finally condemns Beijing, Tehran, or Khartoum, its words carry little weight because that authority has already been spent elsewhere.</p><p>The Uyghurs do not need yet another resolution on Israel.</p><p>They need an institution the world still listens to.</p><p>One may consider American diplomacy blunt&#8212;and selective in its own way. Washington attacks the Human Rights Council, sanctions the International Criminal Court, and opposed T&#252;rk&#8217;s reappointment without subtlety.</p><p>But the finger it points is pointing at something real, and Paris knows it as well as Washington does.</p><p>France chose cowardice&#8212;and a cheap joke.</p><p>Yet someone will ultimately pay the price.</p><p>The next Uyghur sent to an internment camp, the next Iranian woman beaten for demanding her freedom, the next Sudanese family driven from its village will turn to an institution that will have nothing left to offer them except another press release that nobody reads.</p><p>In Beijing, Tehran, and Moscow, that is precisely the outcome they could have hoped for.</p><p>Paris called it a victory.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Last Song Was “Imagine”]]></title><description><![CDATA[The last song Jewish, lesbian DJ Barbara Butch played before she was driven from the stage was "Imagine."]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-last-song-was-imagine</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-last-song-was-imagine</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 18:33:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pFTG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc34d4506-da27-42a0-ab6d-059073982fef_588x393.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It was Saturday night in Grenoble, at a municipal festival the city has hosted for twenty-five years, and the crowd had not come to dance. Around a hundred and fifty people had come to stop her. They blew whistles. They screamed. They threw bottles toward the stage. After twenty minutes, the DJ &#8212; Jewish, lesbian, a fixture of Parisian queer nightlife &#8212; gave up and walked away.</p><p>John Lennon's hymn to a world beyond religion and borders played on to people who had just demonstrated the opposite instinct: every utopia eventually decides who does not belong.</p><p>If Barbara Butch's name sounds familiar, it is because this was not the first mob.</p><p>Two years earlier, after the opening ceremony of the Paris Olympics, she became one of the principal targets of an international campaign of abuse. Then, the outrage came from the Christian right and the reactionary internet. She was denounced as a blasphemer, a desecrator of Christianity, a symbol of civilizational decline. Tens of thousands of insults and death threats followed. That hatred nearly destroyed her. But it had no headquarters. It was a swarm &#8212; furious, anonymous, leaderless, dispersing as quickly as it had formed.</p><p>This time was different.</p><p>The crowd that came for her in Grenoble called itself antifascist. Its organizers accused her of complicity in "genocide" because she had signed a petition supporting a French bill against contemporary antisemitism. The boycott was called by the local federation of La France Insoumise, the party of the French radical left &#8212; of presidential candidate Jean-Luc M&#233;lenchon. Its militants handed out a leaflet showing Butch spattered with blood, spinning records before a rainbow flag stamped with a Star of David, Netanyahu at her shoulder, captioned "complice du g&#233;nocide." Elected officials led the crowd. And the next morning, the party's national coordinator went on the radio to explain that boycotting her had been a legitimate political act.</p><p>The grievance had inverted completely. The target did not move.</p><p>The costumes changed. The slogans changed. Even the moral vocabulary changed. In 2024 she was denounced as a blasphemer. In 2026 she was denounced as a supporter of genocide. But the social function assigned to her remained remarkably stable. Every age discovers its own language of exclusion. The Jew simply arrives already cast in the role.</p><p>We often say antisemitism is a shape-shifter, as though it merely changes vocabulary over time. That is too comforting. The remarkable thing about antisemitism is not that it evolves. It is that it travels. It migrates effortlessly between ideologies that otherwise define themselves by mutual hatred. It can speak the language of blood and soil or the language of decolonization. It can invoke Christ or human rights.</p><p>Perhaps that is because antisemitism is less an ideology than a political reflex. Most prejudices belong to a particular worldview. Antisemitism belongs to all of them. It survives revolutions because it answers a need that revolutions never eliminate: the need to explain why history has failed to produce the promised redemption.</p><p>Barbara Butch was not attacked because she is conservative. She was not attacked because she is progressive. She was attacked despite being progressive. She was attacked because she was Jewish and refused to apologize for it.</p><p>She is not the exception. She is the warning.</p><p>Imagine there's no countries, Lennon asked. It was never an invitation to erase difference. It was an invitation to imagine a world that no longer needed enemies. The crowd in Grenoble imagined something else entirely. They imagined a world in which everyone belonged&#8212;provided the right people remained outside the circle.</p><p>Barbara Butch happened to be standing there that night. Next time, it will be someone else. Because movements that begin by sorting Jews into acceptable and unacceptable rarely stop with Jews. Once exclusion becomes a virtue, the circle of the excludable only widens.</p><p>That is why the silent majority can no longer treat each episode as an isolated scandal or a Jewish problem. What happened in Grenoble was not simply an act of antisemitism. It was a rehearsal for a politics in which moral certainty licenses intimidation and ideological conformity replaces democratic pluralism. Every generation believes it would have recognized the mob. The real test is whether it recognizes one that calls itself antifascist.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pFTG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc34d4506-da27-42a0-ab6d-059073982fef_588x393.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pFTG!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc34d4506-da27-42a0-ab6d-059073982fef_588x393.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pFTG!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, 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13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Trial for Glorifying Terrorism: When French European Parliamentarian Rima Hassan Is Backed by Rabid Antisemites (no surprise)]]></title><description><![CDATA[This is not Palestine they are defending. On the eve of what was supposed to be her trial this summer, some 250 public figures signed an open letter in far left paper L&#8217;Humanit&#233; supporting Rima Hassan.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/trial-for-glorifying-terrorism-when</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/trial-for-glorifying-terrorism-when</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 10:50:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9Gd!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0313bf3-ea94-4a05-af6a-b5a1cbda4197_144x144.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><p><em>*This article was originally published in French</em></p><p>The far-left member of the European Parliament is portrayed as the victim of a &#8220;crime of Palestine&#8221;: prosecuted for her opinions by a government supposedly criminalizing solidarity and curtailing civil liberties. The letter denounces the erosion of the rule of law and presents her case as the symbol of a voice that the authorities are attempting to silence. The hearing has since been postponed until October 19 and 20. But the letter remains&#8212;and so does its list of signatories.</p><p>That list deserves to be read. &nbsp;</p><p>Let us begin with what the letter carefully avoids saying. It refers to a tweet, to a quotation that supposedly restates a principle enshrined at the heart of international law, and to a voice that someone is trying to silence. It contains neither the name nor the facts.</p><p>So let us restore them.</p><p>On March 26, 2026, Rima Hassan posted on X&#8212;accompanied by Japanese and Palestinian flags&#8212;a tribute to K&#333;z&#333; Okamoto. Okamoto is not a theorist of the right of peoples to self-determination. He is the sole surviving member of the commando that, on May 30, 1972, opened fire with automatic weapons and threw grenades inside the arrivals hall of Lod Airport, near Tel Aviv, killing 26 civilians and wounding nearly 80 others, including a group of Puerto Rican Christian pilgrims. The attack was carried out on behalf of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.</p><p>That is what the trial is about. Not a &#8220;crime of Palestine,&#8221; but the glorification of a mass murderer.</p><p>Once that is established, the meaning of the letter changes. Signing a text that minimizes this tribute and disguises it as a principle of law is not a defense of an oppressed people. It amounts to condoning the glorification of a terrorist attack.</p><p>The question, therefore, is no longer why the justice system has taken an interest in Rima Hassan. It is who agreed to sign alongside her&#8212;and what the company she keeps reveals about her. For a thread runs through this list, discreet but persistent, and it is the same thread that runs through the case itself: terrorism, renamed &#8220;resistance.&#8221;</p><p>The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine is not an abstraction in this affair. It is Okamoto&#8217;s organization. It is also the organization that reappears from one signatory to another, like a signature within the signatures.</p><p>Take Salah Hamouri. He is invariably presented as a French-Palestinian lawyer and human-rights defender subjected to Israeli arbitrariness. What is generally omitted is that he was sentenced to seven years in prison by an Israeli court in 2008&#8212;a fact reported by AFP and by the French press itself&#8212;for his involvement in a plot to assassinate Ovadia Yosef, Israel&#8217;s former Sephardic chief rabbi and the founder of the Shas party.</p><p>The plot was devised within the ranks of the same PFLP. Hamouri maintains his innocence and says that he pleaded guilty only to avoid a 14-year sentence. He has nevertheless subsequently been suspected on several occasions by the Israeli security services of renewing his ties with the organization.</p><p>This is one of the people now coming to Rima Hassan&#8217;s defense, when she is being prosecuted precisely for glorifying a member of the PFLP.</p><p>Further down the list is Mohammed El-Kurd. We will return to his antisemitism, but one detail should be noted here because it is no detail at all. Among the figures publicly celebrated by the young Palestinian writer is Leila Khaled, a PFLP member who participated in two hijackings of civilian aircraft, in 1969 and 1970.</p><p>The same PFLP, for a third time.</p><p>People do not accidentally sign alongside individuals who all orbit the same terrorist organization. They sign because they share something&#8212;and here, that something has a name.</p><p>Add Omar Al Soumi, co-founder and spokesman of Urgence Palestine, a collective against which the French Interior Ministry has initiated dissolution proceedings. In its notice of intent, the ministry accuses the organization of promoting rhetoric that glorifies the terrorist attacks perpetrated by Hamas on October 7, 2023, calling for an intifada on French soil and inciting hatred against Jews. The collective disputes those allegations.</p><p>Al Soumi himself is being prosecuted&#8212;although he has not yet been tried&#8212;for glorifying terrorism after calling for an &#8220;Al-Aqsa Flood&#8221; to be spread through France, using the name Hamas gave to its October 7 massacre.</p><p>These people did not sign by mistake. Rima Hassan&#8217;s cause is theirs, almost word for word. Their presence is not a scandal. It is a matter of consistency.</p><p>Widen the circle beyond France and the same face appears again, from one country to another, like a tune one recognizes without having looked for it.</p><p>First comes Ilhan Omar, the Democratic representative from Minnesota&#8212;in many respects America&#8217;s Rima Hassan&#8212;with the same ability to flirt with the red line and then plead misunderstanding.</p><p>As early as 2012, she wrote that Israel had &#8220;hypnotized the world,&#8221; reviving the ancient fantasy of the Jew who casts a spell over and manipulates entire peoples. In 2019, she summarized lawmakers&#8217; support for Israel with a phrase that became notorious: &#8220;It&#8217;s all about the Benjamins&#8221;&#8212;in other words, about hundred-dollar bills&#8212;before naming, in a single word, the organization supposedly buying Congress: AIPAC.</p><p>She then accused supporters of Israel of demanding allegiance to a foreign country, reviving the centuries-old suspicion of dual loyalty that has followed Jews throughout the diaspora. The House of Representatives was compelled to pass a resolution condemning antisemitism, and Nancy Pelosi, then the Democratic leader, demanded an apology.</p><p>In 2023, Omar was removed from the House Foreign Affairs Committee because of this history of remarks deemed antisemitic. Her signature on the letter is therefore anything but insignificant.</p><p>Cross the English Channel. Zarah Sultana, a British member of Parliament and co-founder with Jeremy Corbyn of a new radical-left party, has campaigned for a boycott of Israel since her student days.</p><p>In June 2025, as Britain prepared to ban Palestine Action under counterterrorism legislation following a series of violent actions against British military facilities, she declared on X: &#8220;We are all Palestine Action.&#8221; The British Parliament considered the statement serious enough to remove it from the official record.</p><p>The mechanism never changes: identify as closely as possible with an organization designated as terrorist by the state, then wrap oneself in freedom of expression the moment anyone objects.</p><p>Cross the Atlantic again. Mohammed El-Kurd, now 30, has become the darling of part of the Western left and the first Palestine correspondent for the American magazine&nbsp;<em>The Nation</em>.</p><p>At a meeting in London in January 2024, he made remarks that caused an uproar. Some interpreted them as a call to normalize massacres; he maintains that he intended to say the opposite. The controversy alone speaks to the ambiguity surrounding him.</p><p>The rest is less open to dispute. In his writings and on social media, he attributes to Israelis an insatiable thirst for Palestinian blood and accuses them of harvesting organs from the dead, reviving the oldest anti-Jewish poison of all: the medieval blood libel, now repackaged for audiences at literary festivals.</p><p>He hailed the escape of six terrorists from Gilboa Prison as &#8220;a light at the end of the tunnel&#8221;; celebrated the Second Intifada and its &#8220;martyrs&#8221;&#8212;the wave of suicide bombings that killed more than a thousand Israeli civilians; and defended, explicitly and in writing, the right to hijack airplanes and throw Molotov cocktails.</p><p>El-Kurd denies any antisemitism and insists that his target is Zionism alone. It is exactly the same device used by Rima Hassan.</p><p>Remain on the other side of the Atlantic, but move one rung higher on the ladder of respectability, and you find Judith Butler. The American philosopher, a leading figure in gender studies and progressive academic thought, lends the letter her intellectual authority.</p><p>She also brings a precedent.</p><p>Asked during an event at Berkeley about the relationship between the left and Islamist movements, Butler said it was important to understand Hamas and Hezbollah as &#8220;social movements that are progressive&#8221; and part of the &#8220;global left.&#8221;</p><p>Faced with the resulting uproar, she argued that the quotation had been taken out of context and said that she did not endorse violence. But the context does not alter the words. She did place two terrorist organizations within the camp of progress&#8212;and she is now coming to Rima Hassan&#8217;s aid.</p><p>Consistency, once again.</p><p>And presiding over the whole affair is the veteran: Roger Waters. The former Pink Floyd musician also rejects every allegation of antisemitism.</p><p>But a 2010 email, revealed in a 2023 documentary, showed him proposing that the giant inflatable pig used at his concerts should bear a Star of David alongside various slogans, including an anti-Jewish slur. The pig did indeed float above an audience in Belgium bearing the Star of David.</p><p>In 2023, in Berlin&#8212;the very city from which tens of thousands of Jews were deported&#8212;he appeared on stage in an outfit evoking the uniform of an SS officer, brandishing a replica weapon. He also displayed the names of Anne Frank and the journalist Shireen Abu Akleh side by side, prompting German police to open an investigation into alleged Holocaust distortion.</p><p>He rejects these interpretations and argues that they are politically motivated. Yet this is another of the international voices summoned to the defense of the member of the European Parliament.</p><p>All these people belong on this list. They are at home there.</p><p>Their signatures do not show that they made a mistake. They show who Rima Hassan is. People do not gather around a name by accident. They gather because they resemble one another. And what they share here is the allegation itself: the same uninhibited relationship with terrorism, the same way of referring to Jews without ever quite naming them.</p><p>Amid this company, however, there remain a handful of names that should never have been there.</p><p>Christiane Taubira, the former justice minister, once held the seals of the French Republic and knows better than most what the glorification of terrorism means under French law.</p><p>Annie Ernaux, the Nobel Prize-winning author, had already lent her name to the petition opposing the dissolution of Urgence Palestine.</p><p>These are the legitimizing figures: the respectable names enlisted to cover for the rest, so that the list appears to be an outpouring of conscience rather than what it really is. Whether they signed negligently, without reading to the end, or in full knowledge of what they were doing, the result is the same. They lent their credibility to a text that trivializes a tribute to a murderer of civilians.</p><p>It is appalling, and it does them no honor.</p><p>But let us not be mistaken. These respectable signatures are the exception&#8212;the packaging. The heart of the list lies elsewhere: in this international coalition of transgression that recognized itself in Rima Hassan and, by rushing to her defense, produced the most accurate portrait of her.</p><p>The organizers of the letter wanted to prove that she was an isolated victim, singled out by a government seeking to criminalize speech.</p><p>They proved the opposite.</p><p>She is not a French exception. She is one link in a chain&#8212;and the list of her supporters is less a defense than a confession.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Voici les 13 Palestiniens chargés de gouverner Gaza après le Hamas]]></title><description><![CDATA[Papier de recherche FDD]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/voici-les-13-palestiniens-charges</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/voici-les-13-palestiniens-charges</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 11:06:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9Gd!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0313bf3-ea94-4a05-af6a-b5a1cbda4197_144x144.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>PAR DAVID DAOUD ET AHMAD SHARAWI</strong></p><p><strong>JUILLET 2026</strong></p><p>Le Hamas refuse de d&#233;sarmer, mais apr&#232;s deux ann&#233;es de guerre avec Isra&#235;l, il pourrait bient&#244;t c&#233;der son r&#244;le de gouvernance &#224; une autorit&#233; de transition, apr&#232;s avoir dirig&#233; Gaza pendant plus de vingt ans. Reste &#224; savoir si le Hamas entend rendre cette transition permanente &#8212; et si un comit&#233; de technocrates peut gouverner l'enclave c&#244;ti&#232;re alors que des milliers d'hommes arm&#233;s demeurent sous le commandement du Hamas. Quoi qu'il en soit, les 13 personnes pr&#233;sent&#233;es dans cette note de recherche ont accept&#233; la mission d'aider &#224; mettre en &#339;uvre le plan de paix en 20 points du pr&#233;sident Donald Trump pour ce territoire troubl&#233; &#8212; et de le reconstruire.</p><p>Le Comit&#233; national pour l'administration de Gaza (National Committee for the Administration of Gaza, NCAG) a &#233;t&#233; charg&#233; par le nouveau &#171; Conseil de la paix &#187; (Board of Peace) de Trump &#171; d'&#233;tablir la s&#233;curit&#233;, de r&#233;tablir les services essentiels qui constituent le socle de la dignit&#233; humaine, tels que l'&#233;lectricit&#233;, l'eau, la sant&#233; et l'&#233;ducation, ainsi que de cultiver une soci&#233;t&#233; fond&#233;e sur la paix, la d&#233;mocratie et la justice &#187;. Il est cens&#233; g&#233;rer les affaires quotidiennes de l'enclave c&#244;ti&#232;re, le Hamas &#233;tant d&#233;sarm&#233; et exclu de la gouvernance.</p><p>Le NCAG n'est pas cens&#233; constituer un gouvernement permanent. Ses membres, choisis par l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne (AP) dirig&#233;e par le Fatah et par le Hamas, et valid&#233;s par les &#201;tats-Unis et Isra&#235;l, sont issus de domaines tels que le logement, la finance, l'agriculture, la sant&#233; publique et la gouvernance municipale. Sur le plan id&#233;ologique, ses membres, bien que nationalistes palestiniens, sont dans l'ensemble proches de l'AP et du Fatah plut&#244;t que du Hamas. Il convient toutefois de noter que le Fatah et l'AP ont eux aussi un long pass&#233; de corruption, de mauvaise gestion et d'extr&#233;misme.</p><p>Parmi les personnalit&#233;s mentionn&#233;es ci-dessous, plusieurs ont occup&#233; des fonctions bureaucratiques pendant le r&#232;gne du Hamas &#224; Gaza. Plusieurs autres ont un parcours de confrontation directe avec l'organisation islamiste. Beaucoup ont employ&#233; une rh&#233;torique anti-isra&#233;lienne virulente pendant la guerre de Gaza, mais leurs positions rejoignent largement l'opinion publique palestinienne majoritaire.</p><p>Le NCAG n'est pas cens&#233; op&#233;rer seul. Son pr&#233;sident, Ali Shaath, a annonc&#233; que 5 000 policiers palestiniens seraient d&#233;ploy&#233;s &#224; Gaza dans le cadre d'une nouvelle force de s&#233;curit&#233; de transition. Le NCAG a publi&#233; les crit&#232;res de recrutement d'une force de police qu'il d&#233;crit comme &#171; professionnelle, responsable, transparente et fond&#233;e sur le m&#233;rite &#187;. Les candidats doivent &#234;tre des r&#233;sidents de Gaza &#226;g&#233;s de 18 &#224; 35 ans, sans casier judiciaire, et faire preuve d'une bonne condition physique. Fait notable, ces crit&#232;res ne comportaient aucune interdiction explicite visant les membres ou affili&#233;s du Hamas ou d'autres factions arm&#233;es d&#233;sireux de rejoindre la force. Le v&#233;ritable danger serait que le Conseil se persuade que le NCAG, et sa force de police, peuvent fonctionner alors que le Hamas conserve ses armes. Par ailleurs, le plan de paix de Trump pr&#233;voit le d&#233;ploiement d'une Force internationale de stabilisation (International Stabilization Force, ISF) destin&#233;e &#224; se substituer &#224; un Hamas d&#233;sarm&#233;, l'Indon&#233;sie, le Maroc, le Kazakhstan, le Kosovo et l'Albanie s'&#233;tant dits pr&#234;ts &#224; engager des troupes.</p><p>Laissant de c&#244;t&#233; les interrogations sur l'efficacit&#233; d'une force qui ne confronterait vraisemblablement pas le Hamas, cette note s'attache &#224; r&#233;pondre &#224; une question cl&#233; : les &#201;tats-Unis et Isra&#235;l peuvent-ils faire confiance au NCAG ? D'une part, de nombreux membres du NCAG d&#233;fendent des positions qu'Isra&#235;l consid&#232;re comme fondamentalement hostiles &#8212; m&#234;me si elles refl&#232;tent le courant majoritaire palestinien. Certains entretiennent des liens avec des organisations controvers&#233;es, telles que le Centre Al Mezan pour les droits de l'homme, sanctionn&#233; par les &#201;tats-Unis, et la Coordination europ&#233;enne des comit&#233;s et associations pour la Palestine, toutes deux ouvertement hostiles &#224; Isra&#235;l. D'autre part, toute nouvelle entit&#233; qui se substitue au Hamas doit &#234;tre accueillie favorablement &#8212; quoique avec prudence. Voici les membres de ce nouvel organe et un r&#233;sum&#233; de leur parcours.</p><p><strong>ALI ABDUL HAMID SHAATH</strong></p><p><strong>COMMISSAIRE EN CHEF DU COMIT&#201; NATIONAL PALESTINIEN POUR L'ADMINISTRATION DE GAZA</strong></p><p>Ali Shaath, natif de la bande de Gaza, pr&#233;side le NCAG. Il est n&#233; &#224; Khan Younis, dans le sud de Gaza, en 1958, et a ensuite &#233;tudi&#233; le g&#233;nie civil au Caire. Shaath a occup&#233; plusieurs postes de haut niveau au sein de l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne, notamment celui de sous-secr&#233;taire au minist&#232;re de la Planification et de la Coop&#233;ration internationale ainsi qu'au minist&#232;re des Transports et des Communications &#8212; deux fonctions apolitiques. Il a ensuite pr&#233;sid&#233; l'Autorit&#233; g&#233;n&#233;rale palestinienne pour l'industrie, le Conseil palestinien du logement et l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne des ports &#8212; des postes qui n'&#233;taient pas non plus consid&#233;r&#233;s comme politiques. Il a &#233;galement particip&#233;, en 2005, aux comit&#233;s de n&#233;gociation sur le statut final, portant sur les arrangements frontaliers et l'acc&#232;s maritime.</p><p>La presse isra&#233;lienne rel&#232;ve que, si Shaath a une affiliation institutionnelle claire avec l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne, il n'a pas &#233;t&#233; associ&#233; &#224; l'&#233;laboration des d&#233;cisions politiques fondamentales. Des proches de Shaath, cit&#233;s par les m&#233;dias isra&#233;liens, le d&#233;crivent comme quelqu'un qui &#171; s'est toujours tenu &#224; l'&#233;cart de la politique &#187;. Les m&#233;dias isra&#233;liens le per&#231;oivent comme une figure du Fatah align&#233;e sur le camp palestinien non violent. Shaath a n&#233;anmoins mentionn&#233; dans un podcast qu'il avait &#233;t&#233; arr&#234;t&#233; par Isra&#235;l dans son enfance pour avoir jet&#233; des pierres sur des soldats de Tsahal.</p><p>En exposant sa vision de Gaza d'apr&#232;s-guerre, Shaath a affirm&#233; que le d&#233;blaiement des gravats constituerait la premi&#232;re &#233;tape de la reconstruction. Il a &#233;voqu&#233; l'id&#233;e de d&#233;verser les gravats dans la mer et de cr&#233;er des &#171; &#238;les artificielles &#187; au large des c&#244;tes de Gaza.</p><p><strong>ABDUL KARIM ASHOUR</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DE L'AGRICULTURE</strong></p><p>Abdel Karim Ashour s'est vu confier le portefeuille de l'agriculture au sein du NCAG. Il a auparavant &#233;t&#233; directeur des Comit&#233;s palestiniens de secours agricole (Palestinian Agricultural Relief Committees) et directeur de la soci&#233;t&#233; Reef Finance. Ashour a &#233;galement &#233;t&#233; vice-pr&#233;sident du conseil d'administration du NGO Development Center, membre du conseil du Programme de sant&#233; mentale communautaire de Gaza (Gaza Community Mental Health Program) et membre fondateur du R&#233;seau palestinien des organisations non gouvernementales. En outre, il a fond&#233; plusieurs organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile et travaill&#233; comme conseiller &#233;conomique de l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne.</p><p>Sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux, Ashour a exprim&#233; l'id&#233;e que le maintien du r&#232;gne du Hamas &#224; Gaza sert les int&#233;r&#234;ts isra&#233;liens en entretenant un contexte qui justifie &#171; un blocus prolong&#233;, une reconstruction au point mort et une fragmentation du territoire &#187;. Dans le m&#234;me temps, il a soutenu qu'attendre la reddition, le d&#233;sarmement ou le d&#233;part du Hamas de Gaza est irr&#233;aliste. Il a explicitement pr&#233;sent&#233; la gouvernance technocratique comme un effort limit&#233; et apolitique visant &#224; att&#233;nuer la souffrance des civils et &#224; pr&#233;server le fonctionnement de l'administration, plut&#244;t qu'&#224; remplacer les acteurs existants &#224; Gaza.</p><p><strong>JABER AL-DAOUR</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DE L'&#201;DUCATION</strong></p><p>Jaber al-Daour est une figure &#233;tablie de l'enseignement sup&#233;rieur palestinien. Il est titulaire d'un doctorat en administration des affaires de l'Universit&#233; de Manchester, au Royaume-Uni, et d'une licence de l'Universit&#233; de Mansoura, en &#201;gypte. Selon des sources m&#233;diatiques arabes, al-Daour a &#233;t&#233; vice-pr&#233;sident de l'Universit&#233; Al-Azhar&#8211;Gaza pour les affaires financi&#232;res et administratives, ainsi que pr&#233;sident de l'Universit&#233; ouverte Al-Quds &#8212; deux &#233;tablissements largement associ&#233;s au Hamas. En dehors du monde universitaire, il a pr&#233;sid&#233; l'Association des comptables et auditeurs du nord de Gaza et si&#233;g&#233; au conseil d'administration de l'Universit&#233; de Palestine.</p><p>Selon Al-Araby Al-Jadeed, al-Daour est &#171; consid&#233;r&#233; comme affili&#233; &#224; ce que l'on appelle le courant de la &#8220;R&#233;forme d&#233;mocratique&#8221;, dirig&#233; par Mohammed Dahlan &#187;, ancien chef de la s&#233;curit&#233; du Fatah et homme fort de Gaza, qui s'est ensuite brouill&#233; avec la direction palestinienne. Dahlan est aujourd'hui &#233;troitement li&#233; aux &#201;mirats arabes unis.</p><p><strong>BASHIR AL-RAIS</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DES FINANCES</strong></p><p>Bashir al-Rais est un expert en finance et en d&#233;veloppement originaire de la bande de Gaza. Il est titulaire d'un doctorat de l'Imperial College de Londres sur les petites et moyennes entreprises (entrepreneuriat). Al-Rais a &#233;t&#233; ma&#238;tre de conf&#233;rences &#224; l'Universit&#233; de Birzeit, en Cisjordanie, et a contribu&#233; &#224; des &#233;tudes financi&#232;res relatives aux projets d'infrastructure et de d&#233;veloppement dans la bande de Gaza. En 2013, un d&#233;cret pr&#233;sidentiel de Mahmoud Abbas l'a nomm&#233; au conseil d'administration de l'Autorit&#233; mon&#233;taire palestinienne. Un rapport de 2018 le pr&#233;sente comme conseiller du Premier ministre de l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne de l'&#233;poque, Rami Hamdallah.</p><p>Al-Rais occupe &#233;galement la pr&#233;sidence de la Coordination europ&#233;enne des comit&#233;s et associations pour la Palestine, un &#171; r&#233;seau de 46 organisations, ONG, syndicats et groupes de solidarit&#233; issus de 19 pays europ&#233;ens, d&#233;di&#233; &#224; la lutte du peuple palestinien pour la libert&#233;, la justice et l'&#233;galit&#233; &#187;. Ce r&#233;seau appelle fr&#233;quemment &#224; des actions en justice contre Isra&#235;l et au boycott des entreprises et produits isra&#233;liens.</p><p><strong>AAED YAGHI</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DE LA SANT&#201;</strong></p><p>Aaed Yaghi est un m&#233;decin palestinien de Gaza. N&#233; en 1967 dans l'enclave c&#244;ti&#232;re, Yaghi a &#233;t&#233; directeur de la Soci&#233;t&#233; m&#233;dicale palestinienne de secours (Palestinian Medical Relief Society) dans la bande de Gaza et dirige la Soci&#233;t&#233; nationale de r&#233;adaptation, qui vient en aide aux personnes en situation de handicap. Il est &#233;galement membre du conseil consultatif du minist&#232;re de la Sant&#233; de Gaza, dirig&#233; par le Hamas, et a jou&#233; le r&#244;le d'agent de liaison pour le R&#233;seau palestinien des organisations non gouvernementales dans l'enclave. Politiquement, Yaghi est membre de l'Initiative nationale palestinienne (Palestinian National Initiative, PNI) et figurait sur la liste &#233;lectorale du PNI aux &#233;lections l&#233;gislatives palestiniennes pr&#233;vues en 2021, qui ont ensuite &#233;t&#233; annul&#233;es. De fa&#231;on g&#233;n&#233;rale, le PNI est un parti de gauche qui &#171; affirme le droit du peuple palestinien de r&#233;sister &#224; l'occupation par tous les moyens possibles &#187; et &#171; de boycotter et de sanctionner l'appareil d'occupation isra&#233;lien &#187;.</p><p>Dans plusieurs entretiens au cours de la guerre de Gaza, Yaghi a d&#233;clar&#233; que les forces isra&#233;liennes ne voulaient pas de la pr&#233;sence des Nations unies ou d'autres organisations internationales &#224; Gaza, car cela &#171; emp&#234;cherait la r&#233;v&#233;lation des crimes et des abus commis [par Isra&#235;l] contre les civils et le syst&#232;me de sant&#233; publique &#187;. Il a &#233;galement affirm&#233; que les forces isra&#233;liennes &#171; ciblent d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;ment les infrastructures de sant&#233; de Gaza et violent de mani&#232;re r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;e le droit international humanitaire [&#8230;] dans la bande &#187;.</p><p><strong>OSAMA AL-SAADAWI</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DU LOGEMENT</strong></p><p>Osama al-Saadawi est un ing&#233;nieur civil de Rafah n&#233; en 1964. Il a obtenu une licence de g&#233;nie civil &#224; l'Universit&#233; de Birzeit et un master de g&#233;nie civil &#224; l'Universit&#233; islamique de Gaza. Il a &#233;t&#233; ministre de l'Entrepreneuriat et de l'Autonomisation au sein de l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne de 2019 &#224; 2024. Avant cette fonction, il a &#233;t&#233; directeur g&#233;n&#233;ral du Conseil palestinien du logement dans la bande de Gaza de 1998 &#224; 2018. Plus t&#244;t dans sa carri&#232;re, de 1995 &#224; 1998, il a travaill&#233; comme planificateur au minist&#232;re de la Planification et de la Coop&#233;ration internationale, contribuant &#224; la gestion du projet du port de Gaza. Entre 1992 et 1995, al-Saadawi a &#233;t&#233; ing&#233;nieur civil aupr&#232;s de l'Office de secours et de travaux des Nations unies pour les r&#233;fugi&#233;s de Palestine (UNRWA), une entit&#233; qui a fait l'objet d'un examen minutieux de la part des &#201;tats-Unis et d'Isra&#235;l en raison d'une pr&#233;tendue collaboration avec le Hamas.</p><p><strong>SAMI NASMAN</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DE L'INT&#201;RIEUR</strong></p><p>Sami Nasman est n&#233; en 1967 &#224; Gaza et a pass&#233; la majeure partie de sa vie dans le quartier de Sheikh Radwan, dans le nord de Gaza. Selon le journal Asharq al-Awsat, bas&#233; &#224; Londres, il a rejoint le Mouvement de la jeunesse du Fatah et est devenu actif pendant la premi&#232;re Intifada.</p><p>Apr&#232;s la prise de contr&#244;le de la bande de Gaza par le Hamas en 2007, Nasman a fui Gaza, craignant pour sa vie, sur fond d'accusations selon lesquelles il aurait supervis&#233; l'arrestation et la traque de membres du Hamas. Il s'est install&#233; &#224; Ramallah, o&#249; il est devenu responsable de la gestion du dossier de Gaza depuis la Cisjordanie. En 2015, le Hamas a accus&#233; Nasman de diriger, depuis Ramallah, des r&#233;seaux clandestins &#224; l'int&#233;rieur de Gaza afin d'y fomenter des troubles et de mener des tentatives d'assassinat contre des dirigeants et responsables du Hamas. En mars 2016, un tribunal contr&#244;l&#233; par le Hamas l'a condamn&#233; par contumace &#224; 15 ans de prison, invoquant les aveux d'agents de s&#233;curit&#233; palestiniens affirmant que Nasman les avait recrut&#233;s pour commettre des assassinats.</p><p>Apr&#232;s l'attaque du 7 octobre 2023 contre Isra&#235;l, le Hamas a de nouveau accus&#233; Nasman de superviser un r&#233;seau de renseignement qui aurait exploit&#233; l'entr&#233;e de convois d'aide humanitaire internationaux et arabes dans la bande &#224; des fins d'espionnage.</p><p><strong>ADNAN ABU WARDA</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DE LA JUSTICE</strong></p><p>Abu Warda est n&#233; en 1955 et vit actuellement dans le quartier d'al-Rimal, &#224; Gaza. Mahmoud Abbas l'a nomm&#233; en juin 2019 juge &#224; la Cour constitutionnelle supr&#234;me de Ramallah. Il n'a aucune affiliation politique publiquement document&#233;e. Toutefois, apr&#232;s sa nomination, une page Facebook associ&#233;e au Bureau central du mouvement pour les avocats de Gaza (Central Movement Office for Lawyers&#8211;Gaza) &#8212; une organisation regroupant des avocats de l'Assembl&#233;e g&#233;n&#233;rale de l'Ordre des avocats palestiniens qui soutiennent le Fatah et lui sont affili&#233;s &#8212; l'a publiquement f&#233;licit&#233;. Selon la page Facebook de la famille Abu Warda, il a &#233;galement &#233;t&#233; chef du parquet de Deir al-Balah et procureur adjoint &#224; Gaza avant la prise de contr&#244;le de la bande de Gaza par le Hamas.</p><p><strong>ALI BARHOUM</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DES AFFAIRES MUNICIPALES, DES COLLECTIVIT&#201;S LOCALES ET DE L'EAU</strong></p><p>Ali Barhoum est pr&#233;sent&#233; de diverses mani&#232;res dans la presse, tant&#244;t comme m&#233;decin, tant&#244;t comme ing&#233;nieur &#8212; mais il ne d&#233;tient probablement qu'un master de sant&#233; publique de l'Universit&#233; Al-Quds. Barhoum a &#233;t&#233; directeur g&#233;n&#233;ral de la municipalit&#233; de Rafah au moins de 2006 &#224; 2013. Un rapport de 2015 indique qu'il a servi la municipalit&#233; de Rafah &#224; divers titres &#171; pendant plus de 30 ans &#187;. Il aurait &#233;t&#233; directeur ex&#233;cutif du Conseil conjoint des services pour la gestion des d&#233;chets solides entre 2019 et 2021, en charge de Khan Younis et de Rafah, apr&#232;s quoi il a travaill&#233; comme consultant.</p><p>Selon les m&#233;dias isra&#233;liens, Barhoum a repris une partie de la rh&#233;torique de guerre align&#233;e sur le Hamas, accusant notamment Isra&#235;l d'avoir commis des massacres et un g&#233;nocide pendant la guerre d&#233;clench&#233;e le 7 octobre. Aucun lien direct entre Barhoum et le Hamas ou toute autre faction militante palestinienne n'a &#233;t&#233; &#233;tabli &#8212; si ce n'est le fait qu'il a servi au sein des organes administratifs de Gaza pendant qu'ils &#233;taient contr&#244;l&#233;s par le Hamas.</p><p><strong>HANAA TARAZI</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DES AFFAIRES SOCIALES ET DES AFFAIRES F&#201;MININES</strong></p><p>Le lieu et la date de naissance de Tarazi ne sont pas ais&#233;ment disponibles dans les sources ouvertes, bien qu'elle semble &#234;tre originaire de la bande de Gaza. Elle est chr&#233;tienne, mais a &#233;tudi&#233; le droit et est dipl&#244;m&#233;e de l'Universit&#233; Al-Azhar du Caire, un &#233;tablissement d'enseignement islamique. En 2018, elle a obtenu une licence lui permettant d'exercer le droit islamique, ou charia, dans la bande de Gaza. Tarazi dirige &#233;galement un cabinet priv&#233; de conseil juridique et a &#233;t&#233; directrice adjointe du Centre Al Mezan pour les droits de l'homme &#8212; qui a qualifi&#233; le conflit d'Isra&#235;l avec le Hamas dans la bande de Gaza de g&#233;nocide. Le d&#233;partement du Tr&#233;sor des &#201;tats-Unis a d&#233;sign&#233; le Centre Al Mezan en septembre 2025 en vertu du d&#233;cret pr&#233;sidentiel 14203, qui a impos&#233; des sanctions &#224; la Cour p&#233;nale internationale ainsi qu'aux entit&#233;s et personnes assistant l'enqu&#234;te de la CPI visant des citoyens am&#233;ricains et des alli&#233;s des &#201;tats-Unis. Tarazi elle-m&#234;me n'est toutefois pas sanctionn&#233;e. NGO Monitor affirme qu'Al Mezan entretient des &#171; liens avec le terrorisme &#187;, citant sa participation &#224; des &#233;v&#233;nements aux c&#244;t&#233;s de repr&#233;sentants de divers groupes militants. Tarazi para&#238;t politiquement non affili&#233;e.</p><p><strong>OMAR MOHAMMAD HASSAN SHAMALI</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DES T&#201;L&#201;COMMUNICATIONS ET DES COMMUNICATIONS</strong></p><p>Omar Mohammad Hassan Shamali serait n&#233; en 1975 dans le quartier de Shujaiyya, &#224; Gaza. Il est un cadre de longue date du groupe Paltel (Palestine Telecommunications Company) et de son op&#233;rateur mobile, Jawwal. Le rapport annuel 2019 de Paltel le d&#233;signait comme directeur r&#233;gional de Jawwal pour Gaza, poste qu'il a continu&#233; d'occuper au moins jusqu'en 2022. Il a critiqu&#233; Isra&#235;l, d&#233;clarant en 2023 que les restrictions isra&#233;liennes &#224; la connectivit&#233; dans la bande de Gaza, qui ont emp&#234;ch&#233; le d&#233;ploiement des g&#233;n&#233;rations avanc&#233;es de t&#233;l&#233;phonie mobile, ont port&#233; pr&#233;judice aux secteurs &#233;conomique, &#233;ducatif et sanitaire de Gaza.</p><p>Aucun &#233;l&#233;ment direct dans les sources ouvertes ne laisse penser que Shamali ait &#233;t&#233; personnellement impliqu&#233; dans une quelconque activit&#233; violente ou extr&#233;miste, &#224; titre individuel ou pour le compte d'un groupe arm&#233; ou extr&#233;miste. Au contraire, le Centre Al Mezan pour les droits de l'homme rapporte qu'en 2018, la S&#233;curit&#233; int&#233;rieure de Gaza (la force de s&#233;curit&#233; du Hamas) a convoqu&#233; et d&#233;tenu Shamali ainsi que d'autres employ&#233;s de Jawwal, les pressant de fournir des informations sur les abonn&#233;s apr&#232;s une attaque contre le convoi du Premier ministre de l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne. Shamali a exig&#233; que les autorit&#233;s lui pr&#233;sentent une demande juridique formelle avant de remettre les donn&#233;es requises.</p><p><strong>AYED AWNI ABU RAMADAN</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DE L'&#201;CONOMIE, DU COMMERCE ET DE L'INDUSTRIE</strong></p><p>Il n'existe aucune information en sources ouvertes sur la date ou le lieu de naissance d'Ayed Awni Abu Ramadan. Il est pr&#233;sident de la Chambre de commerce, d'industrie et d'agriculture de Gaza, poste qu'il occupe depuis 2023. Il est le fondateur et directeur g&#233;n&#233;ral de la cha&#238;ne de supermarch&#233;s Super Food, cr&#233;&#233;e en 2020, et a &#233;t&#233; directeur de programme au Fonds d'investissement palestinien, un fonds souverain de d&#233;veloppement. Il a &#233;tudi&#233; le g&#233;nie civil &#224; l'Universit&#233; de Syracuse, dont il est dipl&#244;m&#233; en 1985. Le journal isra&#233;lien Makor Rishon affirme qu'il a &#171; publi&#233; des contenus glorifiant l'Intifada, tournant en d&#233;rision les soldats isra&#233;liens, exprimant sa solidarit&#233; avec des militants emprisonn&#233;s et utilisant des images pr&#233;sentant l'ensemble de l'&#201;tat d'Isra&#235;l comme la Palestine &#187;. Il a par ailleurs &#233;t&#233; directeur du d&#233;partement administratif de la Banque islamique de Palestine (Gaza). Isra&#235;l all&#232;gue que la banque a effectu&#233; des transactions avec le Hamas en 2007.</p><p><strong>HUSNI SALMAN HUSSAIN AL MUGHNI</strong></p><p><strong>PORTEFEUILLE DES AFFAIRES TRIBALES ET CLANIQUES</strong></p><p>Husni Salman Hussain Al Mughni (kunya Abu Salman) est n&#233; en 1941, et son lieu de naissance est probablement le quartier de Shujaiyya, &#224; Gaza. Il est titulaire d'un dipl&#244;me d'entra&#238;nement en &#233;ducation physique obtenu &#224; Gaza en 1960, et d'une licence de langue arabe de l'Universit&#233; arabe de Beyrouth, promotion 1985. Il a enseign&#233; en &#201;gypte de 1960 &#224; 1968 et au Kowe&#239;t de 1969 &#224; 1992. Il a travaill&#233; pour l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne, assurant une &#171; orientation politique &#187;, jusqu'&#224; sa retraite en 2005 avec le grade de g&#233;n&#233;ral de brigade. Depuis lors, il a assum&#233; le r&#244;le de coordinateur g&#233;n&#233;ral de la Haute Commission pour les affaires tribales &#224; Gaza. Il ne semble affili&#233; ni au Hamas ni &#224; d'autres groupes arm&#233;s bas&#233;s &#224; Gaza. Il a rejoint le Fatah en 1968, et les m&#233;dias arabes l'ont pr&#233;sent&#233; comme l'un des fid&#232;les de Mohammed Dahlan, bas&#233; aux &#201;mirats arabes unis.</p><p>Mughni a un parcours d'opposition aux accords d'Oslo, ayant exprim&#233; son soutien &#224; la &#171; r&#233;sistance &#187;, y compris l'action arm&#233;e, ainsi qu'&#224; la &#171; lib&#233;ration de toute la Palestine historique &#187; et au retour de tous les r&#233;fugi&#233;s palestiniens dans leurs lieux d'origine. Il a &#233;galement exprim&#233; son soutien &#224; &#171; l'application des ch&#226;timents prescrits par la religion &#187; (Hudud) &#224; l'encontre de ceux qu'il qualifie de collaborateurs ou de criminels, et a approuv&#233; une action s&#233;curitaire contre eux jusqu'&#224; ce que les tribunaux fonctionnent de nouveau. Il pourrait s'&#234;tre agi d'une tentative de Mughni de pr&#233;venir les conflits claniques au moyen de &#171; tribunaux de campagne &#187; en attendant le r&#233;tablissement des institutions formelles. Il a par ailleurs &#233;t&#233; cit&#233; comme oppos&#233; aux meurtres par vengeance et aux exc&#232;s contre ceux qu'il estimait &#234;tre des collaborateurs, tout en consid&#233;rant qu'il fallait leur demander des comptes au titre d'un &#171; devoir religieux et national &#187;.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong></p><p>Compte tenu du vivier limit&#233; de personnes poss&#233;dant les qualifications professionnelles requises sans liens politiques disqualifiants, les personnes nomm&#233;es au NCAG constituent un groupe aussi acceptable qu'on pouvait l'esp&#233;rer. Leur affiliation au Fatah ou leur penchant pour ce dernier pose ses propres probl&#232;mes, mais confier la gouvernance de la bande de Gaza &#224; leurs mains la soustrait &#224; l'emprise du Hamas, r&#233;duisant ainsi la probabilit&#233; d'un nouveau conflit avec Isra&#235;l. &#192; l'examen de leurs parcours, les personnes nomm&#233;es au NCAG apparaissent individuellement comp&#233;tentes, dot&#233;es d'une vaste exp&#233;rience dans les portefeuilles qui leur ont &#233;t&#233; confi&#233;s. En outre, elles ne semblent pas personnellement corrompues, malgr&#233; leurs sympathies pro-Fatah.</p><p>N&#233;anmoins, certains membres de cet organe technocratique ont fait preuve d'une r&#233;ceptivit&#233; malvenue &#224; l'&#233;gard du Hamas. Par exemple, si Abdel Karim Ashour a soutenu que le maintien du r&#232;gne du Hamas profite en d&#233;finitive &#224; Isra&#235;l, il a aussi affirm&#233; que le d&#233;sarmement ou le retrait pur et simple du groupe est irr&#233;aliste. Cela rel&#232;ve peut-&#234;tre d'un simple pragmatisme, mais certains membres ont exprim&#233; des positions proches de la pens&#233;e du Hamas. Ainsi, Aaed Yaghi, qui a si&#233;g&#233; au minist&#232;re de la Sant&#233; de Gaza dirig&#233; par le Hamas, est affili&#233; &#224; l'Initiative nationale palestinienne, un parti favorable &#224; la r&#233;sistance &#224; Isra&#235;l &#171; par tous les moyens possibles &#187; et qui a publiquement accus&#233; Isra&#235;l de commettre d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;ment des crimes de guerre.</p><p>D'autres membres ont &#233;galement fait partie d'institutions civiles de Gaza dirig&#233;es par le Hamas, comme Osama al-Saadawi et Arabi Abu Shaaban, qui ont occup&#233; des fonctions administratives mais n'ont aucune affiliation ni appartenance explicite au groupe terroriste. Plus pr&#233;occupant encore, plusieurs membres ont manifest&#233; un soutien &#224; l'activit&#233; terroriste. Ainsi, outre le soutien d'Aaed Yaghi &#224; un parti favorable au recours &#224; la violence contre Isra&#235;l, Husni al-Mughni a ouvertement soutenu la r&#233;sistance arm&#233;e, pr&#244;nant la &#171; lib&#233;ration de toute la Palestine historique &#187;, ce qui revient &#224; nier le droit d'Isra&#235;l &#224; exister. D'autres membres entretiennent des liens avec des entit&#233;s douteuses et sanctionn&#233;es et y ont assum&#233; des r&#244;les de direction, tels que Bashir al-Rais, qui a servi au sein de r&#233;seaux de plaidoyer europ&#233;ens promouvant le boycott et les actions en justice contre Isra&#235;l, et Hanaa Tarazi, qui a &#339;uvr&#233; au sein d'une organisation sanctionn&#233;e par le Tr&#233;sor am&#233;ricain.</p><p>Ces positions sugg&#232;rent que, si le NCAG peut &#234;tre op&#233;rationnellement comp&#233;tent et moins radical que le Hamas, une partie de sa direction demeure id&#233;ologiquement proche de ceux qui souhaitent nuire &#224; Isra&#235;l. Cela jette un doute sur sa capacit&#233; &#224; repr&#233;senter une alternative v&#233;ritablement mod&#233;r&#233;e pour Gaza. Cela soul&#232;ve &#233;galement plusieurs questions quant &#224; l'efficacit&#233; potentielle du NCAG, m&#234;me dans l'hypoth&#232;se la plus favorable concernant ces personnes nomm&#233;es.</p><p>Avant tout, il existe la possibilit&#233; d'une r&#233;surgence du Hamas. Il est loin d'&#234;tre acquis qu'un gouvernement technocratique tel que le NCAG parvienne &#224; emp&#234;cher le Hamas de reconstruire son influence soci&#233;tale et de r&#233;g&#233;n&#233;rer ses capacit&#233;s militaires &#8212; m&#234;me si l'introduction attendue de troupes de l'ISF dans l'enclave c&#244;ti&#232;re se concr&#233;tise. Deuxi&#232;mement, le NCAG fait face &#224; une lourde t&#226;che s'il s'agit de d&#233;radicaliser la population de Gaza &#8212; pour autant qu'il cherche &#224; le faire &#8212; et de la d&#233;tacher de sa d&#233;pendance au Hamas apr&#232;s vingt ans de symbiose entre le groupe terroriste et son environnement civil. Troisi&#232;mement, la l&#233;gitimit&#233; du NCAG &#224; Gaza pourrait p&#226;tir s'il engageait ce processus de d&#233;radicalisation. Le Hamas, le Jihad islamique palestinien ou d'autres acteurs extr&#233;mistes pourraient fort bien chercher &#224; saper ce processus en le pr&#233;sentant comme servant les int&#233;r&#234;ts isra&#233;liens et liquidant la cause palestinienne.</p><p>Le maintien de la transparence et de la comp&#233;tence demeure une derni&#232;re question. M&#234;me en supposant la droiture et la coop&#233;ration des personnes nomm&#233;es, celles-ci devront recruter et superviser une bureaucratie consid&#233;rable pour administrer la bande de Gaza. Elles devront s'assurer que les recrues et le personnel en place sont suffisamment comp&#233;tents et int&#232;gres, et non affili&#233;s &#224; des groupes ou factions extr&#233;mistes. Faute de quoi, la nouvelle bureaucratie de Gaza deviendra la porte d&#233;rob&#233;e d'une r&#233;surgence du Hamas au pouvoir.</p><p>Il est donc essentiel, avant que les &#201;tats-Unis n'accordent leur plein soutien &#224; cet organe, que le commissaire en chef Ali Shaath et ses subordonn&#233;s pr&#233;sentent un plan d&#233;taill&#233; sur la mani&#232;re dont ils entendent relever ces d&#233;fis &#8212; &#224; la fois un plan d'ensemble et un plan propre &#224; chaque portefeuille. Le Conseil de la paix doit pouvoir examiner les plans du NCAG et donner son avis sur le caract&#232;re r&#233;aliste et r&#233;alisable de leurs recommandations, avec un compte rendu p&#233;riodique du NCAG &#224; Washington sur les jalons et les progr&#232;s de la mise en &#339;uvre. Les membres du NCAG affili&#233;s &#224; des entit&#233;s sanctionn&#233;es par les &#201;tats-Unis, ainsi que ceux qui ont publiquement approuv&#233; la &#171; r&#233;sistance arm&#233;e &#187;, devraient faire l'objet d'une vigilance accrue de la part de Washington.</p><p>De m&#234;me, les membres ayant fait partie d'institutions civiles dirig&#233;es par le Hamas devraient &#234;tre surveill&#233;s attentivement afin de s'assurer que leur service au sein de ces institutions ne refl&#233;tait pas une all&#233;geance politique ou id&#233;ologique et ne fa&#231;onnera pas leur conduite au sein du NCAG. Les &#201;tats-Unis doivent &#233;galement veiller &#224; ce que le NCAG n'int&#232;gre pas le Hamas ou d'autres affili&#233;s terroristes dans sa force de police, et le NCAG devrait rendre cette interdiction explicite dans tous les crit&#232;res de recrutement. Le NCAG doit par ailleurs mettre en place un m&#233;canisme de v&#233;rification rigoureux, men&#233; en coordination avec les &#201;tats-Unis et Isra&#235;l, afin de pr&#233;venir une telle infiltration.</p><p>Tout bien consid&#233;r&#233;, le NCAG repr&#233;sente peut-&#234;tre l'option la moins mauvaise pour gouverner Gaza aujourd'hui, mais il ne constitue pas encore un partenaire manifestement mod&#233;r&#233; ou fiable. C'est un organe comp&#233;tent d'un point de vue technique, mais ce n'est pas le seul crit&#232;re de r&#233;ussite ; ses membres ne sont pas de v&#233;ritables mod&#233;r&#233;s ni des partisans de la coexistence avec Isra&#235;l, tandis que ses efforts de gouvernance devront composer avec l'empreinte durable du Hamas sur Gaza. Si Washington entend investir du capital diplomatique et des ressources dans cette exp&#233;rience, il doit le faire sous conditions et selon des crit&#232;res clairs. Une supervision et un suivi continus des membres du NCAG sont n&#233;cessaires pour l'emp&#234;cher de devenir un simple organe administratif temporaire derri&#232;re lequel le Hamas se r&#233;g&#233;n&#232;re et maintient son emprise sur Gaza.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><em>Le FDD valorise la diversit&#233; des opinions et l'ind&#233;pendance des points de vue de ses chercheurs, fellows et membres du conseil. Les opinions des auteurs ne refl&#232;tent pas n&#233;cessairement celles du FDD, de son personnel ou de ses conseillers.</em></p><p><strong>&#192; propos de la Foundation for Defense of Democracies</strong></p><p>La Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) est un institut de politique publique non partisan, bas&#233; &#224; Washington, D.C., sp&#233;cialis&#233; dans la politique &#233;trang&#232;re et la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez consulter www.fdd.org.</p><p><strong>David Daoud </strong>est senior fellow au FDD, sp&#233;cialis&#233; sur le Liban et le Hezbollah. Il a auparavant &#233;t&#233; nonresident fellow &#224; l'Atlantic Council, directeur de la recherche sur Isra&#235;l, le Liban et la Syrie &#224; United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI), et analyste de recherche au FDD.</p><p><strong>Ahmad Sharawi </strong>est senior research analyst au FDD, sp&#233;cialis&#233; dans les affaires du Moyen-Orient, en particulier le Levant, l'Irak et l'intervention iranienne dans le monde arabe, ainsi que la politique &#233;trang&#232;re am&#233;ricaine &#224; l'&#233;gard de la r&#233;gion. Il a auparavant travaill&#233; au Washington Institute for Near East Policy, ainsi qu'&#224; la Soci&#233;t&#233; financi&#232;re internationale et chez S&amp;P Global.</p><p>Les 13 personnes charg&#233;es de gouverner Gaza apr&#232;s le Hamas&#8203;</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Mamdanization of the Democratic Party]]></title><description><![CDATA[New York has handed Democrats a warning: what happened to Labour under Jeremy Corbyn can happen to them too.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-mamdanization-of-the-democratic</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-mamdanization-of-the-democratic</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 27 Jun 2026 08:13:37 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9Gd!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0313bf3-ea94-4a05-af6a-b5a1cbda4197_144x144.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On October 8, 2023, the blood had barely dried in the kibbutzim of southern Israel when, in Times Square, part of New York&#8217;s radical left was already celebrating Palestinian &#8220;resistance.&#8221; Hamas had just massacred, raped, burned and kidnapped. In New York, activists hailed the attack, mimed throat-slitting gestures, and chanted the number of Jewish dead as if it were a score.</p><p>Among them was Darializa Avila Chevalier, then unknown to the wider public. Thirty-two months later, she has just defeated Adriano Espaillat, the incumbent congressman and chair of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, in the Democratic primary for New York&#8217;s 13th congressional district. In this solidly Democratic district, winning the primary is tantamount to winning the seat. Barring an accident, she will soon sit in the United States Congress.</p><p>She will not enter alone. That same night, two other candidates backed by Zohran Mamdani also won their primaries. Brad Lander, the former New York City comptroller, a progressive Jew close to the DSA&#8217;s political universe but not a DSA member, defeated Dan Goldman in the 10th district with nearly two-thirds of the vote. Claire Valdez, a union activist and radical-left elected official, won in the 7th district against an opponent endorsed by the outgoing incumbent.</p><p>Three different profiles, but one same signal. Chevalier embodies the militant radicalism born in the aftermath of October 7. Lander shows how part of the Jewish left, even when critical of the DSA, is increasingly forced to accommodate it. Valdez illustrates the ideological escalation that has become almost routine in certain Democratic strongholds. Three victories in one night, two incumbents defeated: this is not a local anecdote. It is a method. And perhaps already a national warning.</p><p>Because Mamdani is no longer just New York&#8217;s mayor. In a matter of months, he has become a kingmaker inside the Democratic Party. He has understood one simple thing: in a low-turnout primary, an organized minority can defeat a passive majority. That is true in New York. It can be true elsewhere.</p><p>That is the strength of the Democratic Socialists of America, the DSA, and of the broader ecosystem around it. It is not a great mass party. In some ways, it is more effective than that: a militant machine. It recruits, trains, mobilizes, occupies the ground, imposes its slogans and punishes dissenters. The moderates have elected officials. They have activists. In American primaries, that is often enough to make the difference.</p><p>The DSA was not born yesterday. But it has changed scale. Long marginal, it now claims tens of thousands of members and has weight in several major American cities. Since 2017, it has made the boycott of Israel one of its markers. It has declared itself anti-Zionist, turned rejection of Israel into a political test, and did not hesitate to withdraw its support from Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez for voting in favor of Iron Dome, the defensive system that intercepts rockets fired at Israeli civilians. At that level of radicalism, even protecting Jewish lives becomes suspect.</p><p>It would be wrong to see this as the revolt of a forgotten proletariat. The numbers suggest the opposite. In her district, which includes part of the Bronx, Avila Chevalier lost the Bronx portion by thirty points; she lost majority-Black and Hispanic neighborhoods, as well as low-income areas, by ten points. She won among young voters, affluent voters, and swept the most highly educated precincts by twenty points. The candidate herself is a faithful portrait of her electorate: at thirty-two, she is entering the seventh year of a PhD at the City University of New York, has been a student for fourteen years, and has made her own precarity the central argument of her campaign.</p><p>This left is urban, educated, academic. It speaks the language of the campus: colonialism, domination, privilege, oppression. Everything is read through the same grid. The police become an occupying army, the border a form of violence, the landlord a settler, and Israel the ideal culprit. This vocabulary did not fall from the sky. It has been shaped for years in universities that have become the laboratory of this worldview. Much has been said there about &#8220;decolonization,&#8221; and far less about who funded these departments. Qatar, which hosts the political leadership of Hamas, is now the largest foreign donor to American higher education, with more than six billion dollars given since the 1980s, a third of it since 2021. One should not pretend that a check mechanically produces an ideology. But the atmosphere this money helped sustain &#8212; the atmosphere of encampments and slogans after October 7 &#8212; is precisely the world from which these new elected officials emerge.</p><p>Since October 7, the relationship to Israel has become the central test. It is no longer merely a matter of criticizing an Israeli government or the war in Gaza. One must use the right words, at the right moment, with the right anger. Say &#8220;genocide.&#8221; Refuse nuance. Describe Israel as a colonial state. Distrust AIPAC. And above all, never suggest that the October 7 massacre might complicate the narrative.</p><p>The Palestinian cause is no longer just a cause. It has become a password. Anti-Zionism, a sign of virtue. And the worried Jew, very quickly, an inconvenience.</p><p>Avila Chevalier embodies this generation to the end. A convert to Islam, shaped by Columbia and the networks of Students for Justice in Palestine, returning to support the pro-Palestinian encampments in 2024, she is not just one more radical candidate. She is the product of a new militant universe in which Israel is not a foreign-policy issue, but a marker of belonging.</p><p>Brad Lander tells another story, and perhaps an even more troubling one. Jewish, long a left-wing Zionist, close to the DSA before distancing himself from it after October 7, he should be proof that another left still exists. But his case mostly shows how far the center of gravity has shifted. Even those who do not share the hardest line now know they must accommodate it. They can distance themselves. They can no longer confront it head-on without risk.</p><p>Claire Valdez, finally, shows the logical next step: escalation. In some districts, there is almost no debate left on Israel. The pro-Israel line has already disappeared. The competition now takes place between candidates who share the same words, the same reflexes, the same indignations. The question is no longer who thinks what, but who will go furthest, fastest.</p><p>This is what one might call the Mamdanization of the Democratic Party. Not the victory of one man, but the installation of a system in which Israel becomes the supreme test. In which AIPAC becomes the name of every suspicion. In which Jewish donors, Jewish elected officials, Jewish organizations are asked, again and again, to prove that they are not on the wrong side of history.</p><p>Officially, AIPAC is a legal, public, bipartisan pro-Israel advocacy group. In the imagination of this left, it has become something else: the proper name of hidden power. They no longer say &#8220;Jewish power.&#8221; They say &#8220;AIPAC.&#8221; The vocabulary has changed. The old reflex, however, is recognizable. Mamdani himself called the organization &#8220;monsters&#8221; at a joint rally with his candidates. When the word &#8220;lobby&#8221; becomes an obsession, one should always listen to what it carries.</p><p>For Republicans, this is a gift. For years, they have tried to convince voters that the Democratic Party has become the party of the DSA, &#8220;defund the police,&#8221; obsessive anti-Israel politics and indulgence toward antisemitism. New York has just given them the perfect poster. Every refusal to clearly condemn Hamas, every slogan about &#8220;genocide,&#8221; every attack on AIPAC, every ambiguity on Israel will feed a Republican ad in the states that decide elections.</p><p>Because New York is not America. Of course. But national politics no longer works that way. A handful of very loud elected officials can now shape the image of an entire party. Republicans will not need to prove that Mamdani represents all Democrats. It will be enough to show that Democrats do not know what to do with him.</p><p>The problem will not only be electoral. It will also be very concrete. These elected officials will vote in Congress. And this left does not merely oppose American aid to Israel. It also views aid to Ukraine with hostility, denounces NATO, wants to reduce American power, distrusts sanctions against Iran, and often sees the enemies of the West as victims of American &#8220;imperialism.&#8221;</p><p>For Democrats, the trap is formidable. In parts of Brooklyn or Queens, this line can win a primary. In Nevada, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin or Arizona, it can lose a presidential election. What still counts in Washington as a strategic consensus &#8212; supporting allies, containing hostile regimes, maintaining the transatlantic relationship &#8212; risks becoming, vote after vote, an internal battlefield.</p><p>The British already know this story. It had a name: Jeremy Corbyn. When he took over the Labour Party, many insisted the danger was exaggerated. That Jewish Labour members were panicking. That the right was exploiting the issue. That the media was caricaturing him. Then Labour sank into an antisemitism crisis from which it has never truly recovered. In 2020, the Equality and Human Rights Commission, an independent public body, found that the party had broken the law in its handling of complaints. Corbyn was suspended, then marginalized. The party of Clement Attlee, the party that built Britain&#8217;s welfare state, lost its honor before it lost power.</p><p>The comparison is not gratuitous. Corbyn himself supported Mamdani. In France, Jean-Luc M&#233;lenchon and those close to him hailed Mamdani as an American counterpart. From London to Paris, from Paris to New York, one finds the same mechanism: anti-Zionism presented as courage, accusations of antisemitism dismissed as a right-wing maneuver, and the worried Jew transformed into an obstacle to progress.</p><p>Labour thought it could absorb Corbyn. Part of the French left thought it could contain M&#233;lenchon. The Democratic Party may believe it can confine Mamdani and the DSA to a handful of urban districts. This is always how capitulations begin: with the idea that the problem will remain local.</p><p>Yet New York has just sent a warning &#8212; not only to American Jews, nor only to Israel&#8217;s friends, but to Democrats themselves. Republicans have already understood the opportunity they have been handed. The question now is whether Democrats will know how to prove them wrong. For now, they are mostly giving them ammunition.</p><p><br></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A Recognition Without Accountability]]></title><description><![CDATA[On September 22, 2025, from the podium of the United Nations, Emmanuel Macron formally recognized the State of Palestine.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/a-recognition-without-accountability</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/a-recognition-without-accountability</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 12:08:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f_95!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf4fa275-4cca-4a0b-b4c6-fc3913ebc682_1320x1897.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On September 22, 2025, from the podium of the United Nations, Emmanuel Macron formally recognized the State of Palestine. The &#201;lys&#233;e presented the move as &#8220;conditional,&#8221; anchored in written commitments from Mahmoud Abbas dated June 9: condemnation of October 7, the demilitarization of Hamas and its exclusion from Gaza&#8217;s governance, the release of hostages, elections within a year, deep reform of the Palestinian Authority, and an end to payments to prisoners and the families of so-called &#8220;martyrs.&#8221; Macron hailed it as &#8220;a letter of hope, courage, and clarity.&#8221;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f_95!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf4fa275-4cca-4a0b-b4c6-fc3913ebc682_1320x1897.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f_95!, 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/__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf4fa275-4cca-4a0b-b4c6-fc3913ebc682_1320x1897.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Many of us&#8212;myself included&#8212;warned at the time that this was a gamble dressed up as strategy. Not because we oppose a Palestinian state alongside Israel; that remains the most viable political horizon. But because the logic was backward. Recognize first, demand later, and trust an authority whose past promises have been honored only reluctantly, if at all. It was to surrender leverage at the very moment one claimed to be creating it.</p><p>Seven months on, the verdict is in.</p><p>The U.S. State Department has just submitted its report to Congress under the Taylor Force Act. Taylor Force was a 28-year-old American veteran, a graduate of West Point who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. On March 8, 2016, he was stabbed to death in Jaffa by a Palestinian attacker targeting a group of tourists. In the weeks that followed, his family discovered that the Palestinian Authority was paying the killer&#8217;s family a monthly stipend through its &#8220;martyrs&#8217; fund.&#8221; The outrage led to legislation conditioning U.S. aid on ending precisely that system. Americans chose to write a name and a face into law. Europeans chose to keep paying.</p><p>The April 2026 report is meticulous&#8212;and damning. In 2025, the Palestinian Authority paid roughly $156 million to convicted terrorists and to the families of Palestinians killed while carrying out attacks. Among the beneficiaries: five prisoners released in February 2025 in exchanges with Hamas, owed about $1.55 million in accumulated arrears&#8212;including the organizer of a shooting that killed Eli Biton and wounded five others in 2003, and two bomb-makers behind the Afula mall suicide attack that killed three and injured seventy.</p><p>The Palestinian Authority has rebranded the system under a new name&#8212;the Palestinian National Economic Empowerment Foundation (PNEEI)&#8212;claiming the payments are now based on socioeconomic criteria. The State Department concludes it is the same system under a different label. In February 2026, Palestinian Finance Minister Estephan Salameh said as much publicly.</p><p>Which brings us back to Paris.</p><p>On November 11, 2025, standing beside Abbas at the &#201;lys&#233;e, Macron declared that Abbas had &#8220;personally confirmed&#8221; the end of the prisoner payment system and assured him that &#8220;no further payments would be made.&#8221; He praised this as &#8220;an essential step toward the credibility of the Palestinian Authority.&#8221; Hours earlier in Ramallah, Abbas had dismissed his finance minister, Omar Bitar, precisely because payments under the old mechanism had continued. Washington read the firing as a gesture of good faith. Paris took Abbas at his word. The numbers tell a different story: the payments never stopped.</p><p>No one at the &#201;lys&#233;e has since explained the gap between what was promised and what is plainly happening.</p><p>And if this were only a French problem.</p><p>For years, the European Union has been the Palestinian Authority&#8217;s largest donor. In April 2025, the European Commission announced a &#8364;1.6 billion package for 2025&#8211;2027, including &#8364;620 million in direct budget support through the PEGASE mechanism. This aid is not unconditional. It falls under the NDICI regulation, which explicitly ties disbursement to respect for human rights, the rule of law, and international commitments. In November 2025, the Commission itself &#8220;regretted&#8221; that a payment had been made to prisoners&#8217; families under the previous scheme. It did not suspend funding.</p><p>For fifteen years, Europe has repeated its conditions. It has never enforced them.</p><p>Meanwhile, European taxpayers&#8217; money&#8212;French taxpayers&#8217; money&#8212;sustains, through the fungibility of budgets, an authority that pays stipends to the killers of civilians and the architects of bombings. This is not a rhetorical claim. It is a political, financial, and legal reality that European governments have chosen not to confront.</p><p>What message does this send?</p><p>To Israelis, who are asked&#8212;legitimately&#8212;to accept the prospect of a Palestinian state on their border: it does not matter if that state rewards the murder of your citizens.<br>To Palestinians who choose negotiation over violence: dialogue does not pay&#8212;terrorism does, and we will underwrite it.<br>To Europeans: your taxes fund what your laws condemn.</p><p>France and the European Union have set conditions for their aid. They have the legal instruments to enforce them. They now have clear evidence&#8212;from Brussels&#8217; own statements and from Washington&#8217;s findings&#8212;that those conditions are not being met. Continuing to disburse funds in these circumstances is not bureaucratic oversight. It is a failure of coherence&#8212;and of responsibility.</p><p>France can still act. It should publicly acknowledge that the June 9 commitments were not honored, suspend bilateral aid pending verifiable cessation of all such payments, and press at the European Council for the enforcement of NDICI conditionality&#8212;tied to an independent audit of the Palestinian Authority and the PNEEI. Conditionality means nothing if it is never applied. It becomes an alibi for inaction&#8212;the opposite of what it claims to be.</p><p>This is not about undoing recognition. A recognized state remains recognized. It is about refusing to confuse recognition with indulgence&#8212;and financial support with a blank check.</p><p>Otherwise, France will not only have squandered its diplomatic leverage. It will have done something worse: it will have legitimized, with both its word and its money, the very system it claims to oppose.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Lebanon: France Is Confusing the Symptom with the Disease]]></title><description><![CDATA[This piece was published in French in Le Point]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/lebanon-france-is-confusing-the-symptom</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/lebanon-france-is-confusing-the-symptom</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2026 18:59:58 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9Gd!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0313bf3-ea94-4a05-af6a-b5a1cbda4197_144x144.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This piece  was published in French in Le Point </p><p>More than 300 people were killed in a single day. On April 8, the Israeli army launched its largest wave of strikes in Lebanon since early March, targeting, according to the IDF, more than one hundred Hezbollah command centers and military sites in the span of ten minutes. Israel&#8217;s defense minister said that &#8220;hundreds of Hezbollah operatives&#8221; had been targeted. France&#8217;s response, by contrast, was the familiar one: condemnation of &#8220;intolerable attacks,&#8221; calls for a ceasefire, expressions of solidarity with Lebanon&#8217;s national mourning, and threats to reopen the question of the EU-Israel association agreement. This diplomatic ritual returns with every escalation. And every time, it ends in exactly the same place.</p><p></p><p>France is not ignorant of the facts. It knows that Hezbollah attacked Israel on March 2 on its own initiative. It knows that the Lebanese government did not authorize it, that Parliament did not vote for it, and that the Lebanese people did not choose this war. At times, it even says so, if only indirectly. But it refuses to follow that logic to its conclusion. It acknowledges that Hezbollah is the problem, then insists that it is not Israel&#8217;s place to disarm it. So it falls back on the same reflex: ceasefire, resolution, mechanism. It manages the status quo instead of challenging it. And it never fully states what everyone can see: that the Lebanese state either cannot, or will not, disarm the militia that controls it. That any ceasefire without disarmament is temporary by definition. And that this logic condemns Lebanon to an endless cycle of war.</p><p></p><p>Hezbollah is not a &#8220;political party with an armed wing.&#8221; That distinction is a Western invention that the movement itself does not recognize. It is an Iranian army on Lebanese soil, created in the 1980s as a replica of the Revolutionary Guards, and one that broke Lebanon&#8217;s national pact by arrogating to itself a monopoly over war. It assassinated a prime minister. It turned the south of the country into a military zone. It transformed village after village into a weapons depot and launchpad, using civilians as human shields.</p><p></p><p>Even more revealing was France&#8217;s demand that the ceasefire agreed between Washington and Tehran be &#8220;extended to Lebanon.&#8221; But what does it actually mean to include Lebanon in an agreement negotiated between the United States and Iran? It means that Lebanon&#8217;s fate would depend on a deal between Tehran and Washington. That the Islamic Republic would be given a say over war and peace in Lebanon. That the very regime that created Hezbollah and uses it as a regional lever would be recognized as a guarantor of Lebanese stability. That is the exact opposite of the sovereignty France claims to defend. In reality, it amounts to endorsing Iranian tutelage over Lebanon.</p><p></p><p>And the Lebanese state? Even in its supposedly &#8220;renewed&#8221; form, it has not been able to disarm Hezbollah. In January 2026, the army chief announced that the first phase of disarmament south of the Litani had been completed. It was not true: the weapons had simply been hidden, not dismantled. The rockets later fired from that same area proved it. Resolution 1701, adopted in 2006 at France&#8217;s initiative, already required the disarmament of all militias south of the Litani. It was never implemented. UNIFIL, to which France contributes some 700 troops, watched Hezbollah strengthen its arsenal year after year. The November 2024 ceasefire held for three months. Each time, Paris celebrates the agreement, then laments its violation, then calls for a new one. That is not diplomacy. It is procrastination dressed up as statecraft, and it is what sets the stage for the next round.</p><p></p><p>One example is enough. During Israel&#8217;s 2024 operations, the Christian village of Rmeish, on the Blue Line, refused to allow Hezbollah to install launchers on its territory. Its residents stayed. Israel did not bomb them. Around them, villages where Hezbollah had embedded military infrastructure were struck and evacuated. Rmeish is proof on the ground of what French diplomacy refuses to admit: where Hezbollah is absent, civilians are not the target.</p><p></p><p>None of this means Israel is beyond criticism. The strikes of recent days on residential areas of Beirut, with a heavy civilian toll, make peace harder to build and hand Hezbollah the victimhood narrative it needs. One can defend a country&#8217;s right to defend itself without endorsing every operational choice it makes. France would be right to say so, if only it did not stop there.</p><p></p><p>There is something revealing, too, in the language of French diplomacy itself. Paris speaks of &#8220;ceasefire,&#8221; &#8220;de-escalation,&#8221; and &#8220;mechanisms.&#8221; But it never uses the word that should be at the heart of any serious policy: peace. Not a truce. A peace agreement between two states. Normalization. The end of a state of war. That is the only durable outcome. And it is precisely what France refuses to set out as an objective. Yet it does so in other conflicts far more complex, beginning with the Israeli-Palestinian one. By refusing to make peace the goal in Lebanon, France validates, whether it intends to or not, Hezbollah&#8217;s core premise: that a permanent state of war with Israel is Lebanon&#8217;s natural condition.</p><p></p><p>What has just happened in Washington confirms that the equation has changed. On April 15, for the first time since 1993, the Lebanese and Israeli ambassadors sat face to face in the U.S. capital, under the auspices of Marco Rubio, who described it as a &#8220;historic opportunity.&#8221; Netanyahu had set two conditions: Hezbollah&#8217;s disarmament and a &#8220;real peace agreement.&#8221; After the meeting, Israeli ambassador Yechiel Leiter declared: &#8220;We discovered today that we are on the same side. We are both united in our desire to free Lebanon from an occupation, from a power dominated by Iran and called Hezbollah.&#8221; Gideon Saar added: &#8220;There are no major disagreements between Israel and Lebanon. The problem is Hezbollah.&#8221; The State Department announced that the two countries had agreed to begin direct negotiations aimed at a durable peace. France, meanwhile, was not at the table. Israel excluded it from the talks, now viewing it as an &#8220;unfair mediator.&#8221; The result is telling: when Lebanon and Israel finally begin speaking directly, France is left on the sidelines.</p><p></p><p>The signals from Lebanon have shifted as well. President Joseph Aoun said he hoped these talks would mark &#8220;the beginning of the end of the suffering of the Lebanese people.&#8221; Samir Geagea, leader of the Lebanese Forces, supports Hezbollah&#8217;s disarmament. These are the voices of a new political class that understands what twenty years of Iranian tutelage have cost the country. But the obstacles are real: much of Lebanon&#8217;s Shiite population remains under Hezbollah&#8217;s influence, and Beirut is negotiating under fire.</p><p></p><p>Hezbollah&#8217;s response says it all. Fifteen minutes after the talks began, the movement claimed responsibility for simultaneous rocket fire on thirteen towns in northern Israel. Wafiq Safa declared that Hezbollah &#8220;would respect no agreement&#8221; resulting from the talks. And beforehand, Naim Qassem had demanded that the meeting be canceled, describing it as &#8220;capitulation.&#8221; Hezbollah is not merely telling the Lebanese government that it has no right to negotiate peace on behalf of its own country. It is militarily sabotaging the negotiations while they are taking place. That is the very definition of a state within a state. It is precisely what France should be denouncing, instead of insisting that any negotiations first pass through a ceasefire that includes Hezbollah&#8212;in other words, through recognition of its veto power.</p><p></p><p>The path to peace imposes obligations on both sides. Israel will have to withdraw from sovereign Lebanese territory, respect the Blue Line, and refrain from any action that gives Hezbollah a pretext to reject an agreement. Israel says it wants peace. Its actions will have to match its words. But that path also requires Hezbollah to be effectively dismantled as a military force, by the Lebanese army, not by UNIFIL. It may even require direct security coordination between the two armies. And it requires that any Israeli withdrawal be conditioned on guarantees jointly verified by both sides.</p><p></p><p>France says it loves Lebanon. It says so at every conference, every disaster, every day of national mourning. But that love has become an alibi for changing nothing. The diplomacy of permanent de-escalation has failed. The Lebanese know it. What the country feels today is not gratitude toward its diplomatic protectors, but anger at the militia holding it hostage. The &#8220;Paris of the Levant&#8221; will not be revived by yet another resolution. It will return the day Lebanon dismantles the army occupying it from within, negotiates directly with its neighbor, and regains real sovereignty&#8212;not the kind France invokes precisely in order to avoid acting. That moment may well be taking shape in Washington. France should at least have the courage to support it.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[600 Euros and a Lighter]]></title><description><![CDATA[Iran&#8217;s Low-Cost Terror War on European Soil]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/600-euros-and-a-lighter</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/600-euros-and-a-lighter</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 18:51:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9Gd!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0313bf3-ea94-4a05-af6a-b5a1cbda4197_144x144.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><p><em>Iran&#8217;s Low-Cost Terror War on European Soil</em></p><p>Last Friday evening, on the rue de la Bo&#233;tie in Paris, a 17-year-old recruited via Snapchat for 600 euros attempted to ignite an explosive device outside the Bank of America. He was arrested lighter in hand. Two accomplices were detained. France&#8217;s counterterrorism prosecutor opened an investigation. Laurent Nu&#241;ez, France&#8217;s national intelligence coordinator, cited a &#8220;strong suspicion&#8221; of a link to Iran and &#8220;similarities&#8221; with the wave of attacks sweeping across Europe: a synagogue in Li&#232;ge, a Jewish school in Amsterdam, Jewish ambulance vehicles set on fire in London. Always the same targets: Jewish or American. Always the same method: teenagers or petty criminals paid to plant devices. State terrorism on the cheap, carried out under the banner of a previously unknown group, Ashab al-Yamin, which intelligence services regard as a proxy for the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.</p><p>None of this is new.</p><p>The Islamic Republic did not suddenly discover extraterritorial terrorism. It has practiced it for forty years as an instrument of state. Buenos Aires in 1992 and 1994: 114 people killed in two attacks against Jewish targets. Berlin in 1992: four Iranian dissidents assassinated at the Mykonos restaurant &#8212; the order came from the Supreme Leader, according to the German court. Suresnes, outside Paris, in 1991: former Prime Minister Bakhtiar stabbed to death in his own home. Villepinte in 2018: an Iranian diplomat accredited to Vienna was convicted for planning a bombing at an opposition rally near Paris.</p><p>In recent years, the Islamic Republic&#8217;s operations in Europe have clearly intensified. In Sweden, the Foxtrot criminal network attacked the Israeli embassy in Stockholm on Tehran&#8217;s behalf; its leader lives under Iranian protection, and the ambassador was summoned. In Germany, 160 agents of the Quds Force have been identified. In France, a plot targeting Jews was disrupted in 2023: eight people were charged, including criminals who did not even know they were working for Tehran.</p><p>The method is always the same: outsource to organized crime and deny. A shadow war that has been going on for years and refuses to speak its name.</p><p>The European Union finally designated the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization in February 2026. Despite repeated warnings &#8212; including in these pages &#8212; it took tens of thousands of Iranian deaths and a war to get there. And even now, the designation alone will not stop the attacks. Without expulsions, without dismantling the networks, without real protection of the targets, it will remain a symbolic gesture.</p><p>600 euros and a lighter. That is the price the Islamic Republic puts on our security.</p><p><a href="https://www.franc-tireur.fr/terrorisme-un-briquet-et-des-fous">https://www.franc-tireur.fr/terrorisme-un-briquet-et-des-fous</a></p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Le deuxième front de l’Iran est en Europe]]></title><description><![CDATA[Dimanche, le groupe terroriste Ashab al-Yamin a fait exploser un engin improvis&#233; devant la Bank of New York Mellon, &#224; deux pas du World Trade Center d&#8217;Amsterdam.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/le-deuxieme-front-de-liran-est-en</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/le-deuxieme-front-de-liran-est-en</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 18 Mar 2026 09:59:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Wwm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53eedda0-6311-4a7a-b947-6e1ebc5fd4e8_1200x675.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dimanche, le groupe terroriste Ashab al-Yamin a fait exploser un engin improvis&#233; devant la Bank of New York Mellon, &#224; deux pas du World Trade Center d&#8217;Amsterdam. Dans une vid&#233;o diffus&#233;e sur les canaux Telegram de l&#8217;axe chiite, le groupe lance un &#171; avertissement final &#187; aux peuples de l&#8217;Union europ&#233;enne : &#171; &#233;loignez-vous de tous les int&#233;r&#234;ts am&#233;ricains et sionistes. &#187; En une semaine, ce groupe &#8212; qui n&#8217;existait pas il y a dix jours &#8212; a revendiqu&#233; l&#8217;attentat contre la synagogue de Li&#232;ge, l&#8217;attaque d&#8217;une &#233;cole juive &#224; Amsterdam, l&#8217;incendie d&#8217;une synagogue &#224; Rotterdam, et d&#233;sormais le ciblage d&#8217;une banque am&#233;ricaine.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Wwm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53eedda0-6311-4a7a-b947-6e1ebc5fd4e8_1200x675.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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/__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53eedda0-6311-4a7a-b947-6e1ebc5fd4e8_1200x675.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Il est tentant de s&#8217;&#233;mouvoir de ces faits puis de passer &#224; ce qui semble plus vaste : la guerre entre les &#201;tats-Unis, Isra&#235;l et l&#8217;Iran. Ce serait une erreur de lecture. Ces &#233;v&#233;nements ne sont pas parall&#232;les au conflit &#8212; ils en sont le prolongement direct. L&#8217;assaillant qui a vis&#233; une synagogue dans le Michigan &#233;tait un citoyen d&#8217;origine libanaise agissant, selon les enqu&#234;teurs am&#233;ricains, pour venger ses deux fr&#232;res, membres du Hezbollah au Liban. En Europe, Ashab al-Yamin op&#232;re, selon les experts du terrorisme islamiste, avec le soutien des Gardiens de la R&#233;volution, et a &#233;t&#233; cr&#233;&#233; pendant la phase actuelle de guerre avec le r&#233;gime iranien. La fusillade du 1&#7497;&#691; mars &#224; Austin &#8212; un tireur arborant le drapeau iranien, trois morts, quatorze bless&#233;s &#8212; et l&#8217;attaque contre la salle de sport d&#8217;un dissident iranien &#224; Toronto font partie du m&#234;me ph&#233;nom&#232;ne.</p><p>Aucune des attaques europ&#233;ennes n&#8217;a fait de morts. Toutes d&#233;livrent pourtant le m&#234;me message aux communaut&#233;s juives d&#8217;Europe et d&#8217;Am&#233;rique : vous &#234;tes comptables des actes d&#8217;Isra&#235;l, que vous les souteniez ou non. Rendre les Juifs collectivement responsables de la politique isra&#233;lienne est un acte antis&#233;mite au sens de la d&#233;finition de l&#8217;IHRA, ratifi&#233;e par les pays touch&#233;s. Mais ces attentats ne sont que les derniers &#233;pisodes d&#8217;une campagne bien plus large &#8212; des dizaines d&#8217;agressions et d&#8217;actes antis&#233;mites visant &#224; r&#233;tr&#233;cir l&#8217;espace de vie des communaut&#233;s juives et &#224; dissuader quiconque d&#8217;afficher son soutien &#224; Isra&#235;l. Les gouvernements ne peuvent pas continuer &#224; traiter ces &#233;v&#233;nements comme des faits divers sans contexte. Ce sont les &#233;l&#233;ments d&#8217;une campagne coordonn&#233;e contre les Juifs de la diaspora, qui menace non seulement ces communaut&#233;s, mais les soci&#233;t&#233;s d&#233;mocratiques dans leur ensemble.</p><p></p><p>Il faut le dire clairement : le terrorisme iranien &#224; l&#8217;&#233;tranger n&#8217;est pas un ph&#233;nom&#232;ne nouveau. C&#8217;est une politique d&#8217;&#201;tat vieille de plus de quarante ans. En 1992, un attentat &#224; la bombe contre l&#8217;ambassade d&#8217;Isra&#235;l &#224; Buenos Aires fait 29 morts. En 1994, l&#8217;attentat contre le centre communautaire juif AMIA, toujours &#224; Buenos Aires, en tue 85 &#8212; le plus meurtrier de l&#8217;histoire de l&#8217;Argentine. La justice argentine a formellement accus&#233; l&#8217;Iran et le Hezbollah d&#8217;en &#234;tre les commanditaires. La m&#234;me ann&#233;e, &#224; Londres, un attentat vise le centre communautaire juif de Balfour House ainsi que l&#8217;ambassade d&#8217;Isra&#235;l, faisant une vingtaine de bless&#233;s. En 1992, au restaurant Mykonos de Berlin, des agents iraniens assassinent quatre opposants kurdes ; le tribunal allemand qui condamne les ex&#233;cutants en 1997 &#233;tablit que l&#8217;ordre venait du sommet de l&#8217;&#201;tat iranien &#8212; du Guide supr&#234;me et du pr&#233;sident de la R&#233;publique eux-m&#234;mes. Tout au long des ann&#233;es 1980 et 1990, des dissidents iraniens sont assassin&#233;s &#224; Paris, &#224; Vienne, &#224; Gen&#232;ve. L&#8217;ancien premier ministre Chapour Bakhtiar est poignard&#233; &#224; son domicile de Suresnes en 1991. En 1989, la fatwa prononc&#233;e par l&#8217;ayatollah Khomeini contre l&#8217;&#233;crivain Salman Rushdie inaugure une forme in&#233;dite de terrorisme d&#8217;&#201;tat : la condamnation &#224; mort publique d&#8217;un citoyen &#233;tranger sur le sol occidental, assortie d&#8217;une prime pour son ex&#233;cution. Cette sentence, jamais lev&#233;e, a fini par &#234;tre mise en &#339;uvre trente-trois ans plus tard, en ao&#251;t 2022, lorsque Rushdie a &#233;t&#233; poignard&#233; lors d&#8217;une conf&#233;rence dans l&#8217;&#201;tat de New York. Il a surv&#233;cu, en perdant un &#339;il. La R&#233;publique islamique n&#8217;a jamais cess&#233; d&#8217;utiliser le terrorisme comme instrument de politique &#233;trang&#232;re.</p><p></p><p>Ce qui se passe aujourd&#8217;hui en Europe est la reprise, dans un contexte de guerre ouverte, d&#8217;une pratique que le r&#233;gime n&#8217;a jamais abandonn&#233;e.</p><p></p><p>Car l&#8217;infrastructure est en place depuis longtemps. Depuis 2015, selon les services de renseignement fran&#231;ais, les services iraniens ont repris leurs op&#233;rations terroristes en Europe apr&#232;s une accalmie de fa&#231;ade, en sous-traitant &#224; des criminels de droit commun. En 2023, un complot ciblant des int&#233;r&#234;ts isra&#233;liens dans le sud de la France et des membres de la communaut&#233; juive en France et en Allemagne a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;jou&#233; : huit personnes mises en examen, dont des figures du crime organis&#233; qui ignoraient probablement agir pour le compte d&#8217;un &#201;tat &#233;tranger. La R&#233;publique islamique ach&#232;te des capacit&#233;s partout o&#249; elle peut en trouver, et elle a transform&#233; le milieu criminel europ&#233;en en un atout op&#233;rationnel. Comme l&#8217;a not&#233; la DGSI, les services iraniens privil&#233;gient d&#233;sormais syst&#233;matiquement le recours &#224; des proxies criminels &#8212; un changement qui rend la d&#233;tection infiniment plus difficile.</p><p></p><p>L&#8217;Allemagne a r&#233;v&#233;l&#233; en 2023 que la Force Qods &#8212; le bras op&#233;rationnel ext&#233;rieur des Gardiens de la R&#233;volution &#8212; &#233;tait active sur son sol depuis plus d&#8217;une d&#233;cennie, avec 160 individus identifi&#233;s. La Cour d&#8217;appel de Berlin a &#233;tabli que cette force dispose de capacit&#233;s de renseignement autonomes, ind&#233;pendantes de l&#8217;appareil central. Les r&#233;seaux europ&#233;ens de la Force Qods ont &#233;t&#233; construits pour fonctionner sans d&#233;pendre d&#8217;un commandement centralis&#233;. La d&#233;capitation de la direction de T&#233;h&#233;ran ne d&#233;sactive pas ces cellules &#8212; elle pourrait les lib&#233;rer de leurs derni&#232;res entraves.</p><p></p><p>Le sch&#233;ma est continental. Les Pays-Bas ont document&#233; des assassinats de dissidents attribu&#233;s &#224; T&#233;h&#233;ran. Le Danemark a d&#233;jou&#233; un complot. En Su&#232;de, une grenade non explos&#233;e a &#233;t&#233; retrouv&#233;e dans l&#8217;enceinte de l&#8217;ambassade d&#8217;Isra&#235;l &#224; Stockholm en janvier 2024. En 2018, un diplomate iranien a &#233;t&#233; arr&#234;t&#233; pour un projet d&#8217;attentat contre un rassemblement d&#8217;opposants pr&#232;s de Paris ; condamn&#233; &#224; Anvers en 2021, il a &#233;t&#233; &#233;chang&#233; deux ans plus tard contre un otage belge d&#233;tenu en Iran. Ce cas est embl&#233;matique d&#8217;un probl&#232;me que l&#8217;Europe refuse de regarder en face : les repr&#233;sentations diplomatiques iraniennes servent de couverture op&#233;rationnelle aux Gardiens de la R&#233;volution. L&#8217;agent condamn&#233; &#224; Anvers n&#8217;&#233;tait pas un franc-tireur &#8212; c&#8217;&#233;tait un diplomate accr&#233;dit&#233; qui utilisait le r&#233;seau diplomatique iranien pour organiser un attentat sur le sol europ&#233;en. Les services de renseignement europ&#233;ens savent que nombre de soi-disant diplomates iraniens ne sont rien d&#8217;autre que des agents des Gardiens de la R&#233;volution sous couvert diplomatique. D&#233;signer les Gardiens comme organisation terroriste sans expulser ceux de leurs agents qui se dissimulent dans les ambassades et consulats, c&#8217;est interdire une organisation tout en laissant ses op&#233;rateurs travailler en toute impunit&#233;.</p><p></p><p>T&#233;h&#233;ran d&#233;tient toujours les Fran&#231;ais C&#233;cile Kohler et Jacques Paris. Pour le r&#233;gime, propagande, terreur et prises d&#8217;otages servent une seule et m&#234;me strat&#233;gie. En juillet 2025, quatorze gouvernements &#8212; dont la France, les &#201;tats-Unis, l&#8217;Allemagne, les Pays-Bas, la Su&#232;de et le Canada &#8212; ont publi&#233; une d&#233;claration conjointe condamnant les services iraniens pour avoir planifi&#233; des assassinats et des enl&#232;vements &#224; travers l&#8217;Europe et l&#8217;Am&#233;rique du Nord. Les r&#233;seaux qu&#8217;ils ont publiquement d&#233;crits restent largement intacts.</p><p></p><p>L&#8217;Europe a franchi une &#233;tape le 19 f&#233;vrier 2026 en d&#233;signant unanimement les Gardiens de la R&#233;volution comme organisation terroriste. Qu&#8217;il ait fallu une guerre pour accomplir ce que les preuves auraient d&#251; imposer depuis des ann&#233;es est en soi un acte d&#8217;accusation. Mais une d&#233;signation sans mise en &#339;uvre est sans valeur. Les services de renseignement europ&#233;ens doivent passer d&#8217;une coop&#233;ration &#233;pisodique &#224; des op&#233;rations conjointes permanentes. Et l&#8217;Europe doit avoir le courage d&#8217;expulser les faux diplomates et, si n&#233;cessaire, de fermer les repr&#233;sentations qui servent de bases op&#233;rationnelles au terrorisme d&#8217;&#201;tat.</p><p></p><p>La R&#233;publique islamique a d&#233;j&#224; frapp&#233; le territoire europ&#233;en dans cette guerre. Des drones ont touch&#233; la base britannique d&#8217;Akrotiri, &#224; Chypre. L&#8217;OTAN a d&#233;clar&#233; qu&#8217;elle d&#233;fendrait chaque centim&#232;tre de territoire alli&#233;. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens doivent traiter la menace int&#233;rieure avec le m&#234;me s&#233;rieux. Les r&#233;seaux clandestins op&#233;rant au sein de l&#8217;Europe ne sont pas un probl&#232;me distinct du conflit. Ils en sont le deuxi&#232;me front.</p><p></p><p>La prudence continue n&#8217;est plus de la sagesse. C&#8217;est une forme de complaisance. Si les agents de l&#8217;Iran sont d&#233;j&#224; implant&#233;s dans les villes europ&#233;ennes &#8212; dans les milieux criminels, dans les r&#233;seaux sociaux, et jusque dans les ambassades &#8212;, leur d&#233;mant&#232;lement n&#8217;est pas une question de diplomatie. C&#8217;est une question de s&#233;curit&#233; nationale.</p><p></p><p>Simone Rodan-Benzaquen est Senior Envoy for Europe &#224; la Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD).</p><p>Dis-moi si &#231;a t&#8217;int&#233;resse.</p><p></p><p>Le deuxi&#232;me front de la R&#233;publique islamique est en Europe</p><p></p><p>Simone Rodan-Benzaquen</p><p></p><p>Dimanche, le groupe terroriste Ashab al-Yamin a fait exploser un engin improvis&#233; devant la Bank of New York Mellon, &#224; deux pas du World Trade Center d&#8217;Amsterdam. Dans une vid&#233;o diffus&#233;e sur les canaux Telegram de l&#8217;axe chiite, le groupe lance un &#171; avertissement final &#187; aux peuples de l&#8217;Union europ&#233;enne : &#171; &#233;loignez-vous de tous les int&#233;r&#234;ts am&#233;ricains et sionistes. &#187; En une semaine, ce groupe &#8212; qui n&#8217;existait pas il y a dix jours &#8212; a revendiqu&#233; l&#8217;attentat contre la synagogue de Li&#232;ge, l&#8217;attaque d&#8217;une &#233;cole juive &#224; Amsterdam, l&#8217;incendie d&#8217;une synagogue &#224; Rotterdam, et d&#233;sormais le ciblage d&#8217;une banque am&#233;ricaine.</p><p></p><p>Il est tentant de s&#8217;&#233;mouvoir de ces faits puis de passer &#224; ce qui semble plus vaste : la guerre entre les &#201;tats-Unis, Isra&#235;l et l&#8217;Iran. Ce serait une erreur de lecture. Ces &#233;v&#233;nements ne sont pas parall&#232;les au conflit &#8212; ils en sont le prolongement direct. L&#8217;assaillant qui a vis&#233; une synagogue dans le Michigan &#233;tait un citoyen d&#8217;origine libanaise agissant, selon les enqu&#234;teurs am&#233;ricains, pour &#171;&nbsp;venger ses deux fr&#232;res&nbsp;&#187;, membres du Hezbollah au Liban. En Europe, Ashab al-Yamin op&#232;re, selon les experts de s&#233;curit&#233;, avec le soutien des Gardiens de la R&#233;volution, et a &#233;t&#233; cr&#233;&#233; pendant la phase actuelle de guerre avec le r&#233;gime iranien. La fusillade du 1&#7497;&#691; mars &#224; Austin &#8212; un tireur arborant le drapeau iranien, trois morts, quatorze bless&#233;s &#8212; et l&#8217;attaque contre la salle de sport d&#8217;un dissident iranien &#224; Toronto font partie du m&#234;me ph&#233;nom&#232;ne.</p><p></p><p>Aucune des attaques europ&#233;ennes n&#8217;a fait de morts. Toutes d&#233;livrent pourtant le m&#234;me message aux communaut&#233;s juives et aux dissidents iraniens d&#8217;Europe et d&#8217;Am&#233;rique : vous &#234;tes comptables des actes d&#8217;Isra&#235;l et des Etats-Unis, que vous les souteniez ou non. Mais ces attentats ne sont que les derniers &#233;pisodes d&#8217;une campagne bien plus large &#8212; des dizaines d&#8217;agressions et d&#8217;actes de vandalisme visant &#224; r&#233;tr&#233;cir l&#8217;espace de vie des communaut&#233;s juives et &#224; dissuader quiconque d&#8217;afficher son soutien &#224; Isra&#235;l. Les gouvernements ne peuvent pas continuer &#224; traiter ces &#233;v&#233;nements comme des faits divers sans contexte. Ce sont les &#233;l&#233;ments d&#8217;une campagne coordonn&#233;e contre les Juifs de la diaspora, qui menace non seulement ces communaut&#233;s, mais les soci&#233;t&#233;s d&#233;mocratiques dans leur ensemble.</p><p></p><p>Il faut le dire clairement : le terrorisme iranien &#224; l&#8217;&#233;tranger n&#8217;est pas un ph&#233;nom&#232;ne nouveau. C&#8217;est une politique d&#8217;&#201;tat vieille de plus de quarante ans. En 1992, un attentat &#224; la bombe contre l&#8217;ambassade d&#8217;Isra&#235;l &#224; Buenos Aires fait 29 morts. En 1994, l&#8217;attentat contre le centre communautaire juif AMIA, toujours &#224; Buenos Aires, en tue 85 &#8212; le plus meurtrier de l&#8217;histoire de l&#8217;Argentine. La justice argentine a formellement accus&#233; l&#8217;Iran et le Hezbollah d&#8217;en &#234;tre les commanditaires. La m&#234;me ann&#233;e, &#224; Londres, un attentat vise le centre communautaire juif de Balfour House ainsi que l&#8217;ambassade d&#8217;Isra&#235;l, faisant une vingtaine de bless&#233;s. En 1992, au restaurant Mykonos de Berlin, des agents iraniens assassinent quatre opposants kurdes ; le tribunal allemand qui condamne les ex&#233;cutants en 1997 &#233;tablit que l&#8217;ordre venait du sommet de l&#8217;&#201;tat iranien &#8212; du Guide supr&#234;me et du pr&#233;sident de la R&#233;publique eux-m&#234;mes. Tout au long des ann&#233;es 1980 et 1990, des dissidents iraniens sont assassin&#233;s &#224; Paris, &#224; Vienne, &#224; Gen&#232;ve. La R&#233;publique islamique n&#8217;a jamais cess&#233; d&#8217;utiliser le terrorisme comme instrument de politique &#233;trang&#232;re. Ce qui se passe aujourd&#8217;hui en Europe n&#8217;est pas une rupture. C&#8217;est la reprise, dans un contexte de guerre ouverte, d&#8217;une pratique que le r&#233;gime n&#8217;a jamais abandonn&#233;e &#8212; il l&#8217;avait simplement mise en sommeil.</p><p></p><p>Car l&#8217;infrastructure est en place depuis longtemps. Depuis 2015, selon les services de renseignement fran&#231;ais, les services iraniens ont repris leurs op&#233;rations terroristes en Europe apr&#232;s une accalmie de fa&#231;ade, en sous-traitant &#224; des criminels de droit commun. En 2023, un complot ciblant des int&#233;r&#234;ts isra&#233;liens dans le sud de la France et des membres de la communaut&#233; juive en France et en Allemagne a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;jou&#233; : huit personnes mises en examen, dont des figures du crime organis&#233; qui ignoraient probablement agir pour le compte d&#8217;un &#201;tat &#233;tranger. La R&#233;publique islamique ach&#232;te des capacit&#233;s partout o&#249; elle peut en trouver, et elle a transform&#233; le milieu criminel europ&#233;en en un atout op&#233;rationnel. Comme l&#8217;a not&#233; la DGSI, les services iraniens privil&#233;gient d&#233;sormais syst&#233;matiquement le recours &#224; des proxies criminels &#8212; un changement qui rend la d&#233;tection infiniment plus difficile.</p><p></p><p>L&#8217;Allemagne a r&#233;v&#233;l&#233; en 2023 que la Force Qods &#8212; le bras op&#233;rationnel ext&#233;rieur des Gardiens de la R&#233;volution &#8212; &#233;tait active sur son sol depuis plus d&#8217;une d&#233;cennie, avec 160 individus identifi&#233;s. La Cour d&#8217;appel de Berlin a &#233;tabli que cette force dispose de capacit&#233;s de renseignement autonomes, ind&#233;pendantes de l&#8217;appareil central. Les r&#233;seaux europ&#233;ens de la Force Qods ont &#233;t&#233; construits pour fonctionner sans d&#233;pendre d&#8217;un commandement centralis&#233;. La d&#233;capitation de la direction de T&#233;h&#233;ran ne d&#233;sactive pas ces cellules &#8212; elle pourrait les lib&#233;rer de leurs derni&#232;res entraves.</p><p></p><p>Le sch&#233;ma est continental. Les Pays-Bas ont document&#233; des assassinats de dissidents attribu&#233;s &#224; T&#233;h&#233;ran. Le Danemark a d&#233;jou&#233; un complot. En Su&#232;de, une grenade non explos&#233;e a &#233;t&#233; retrouv&#233;e dans l&#8217;enceinte de l&#8217;ambassade d&#8217;Isra&#235;l &#224; Stockholm en janvier 2024. En 2018, un diplomate iranien a &#233;t&#233; arr&#234;t&#233; pour un projet d&#8217;attentat contre un rassemblement d&#8217;opposants pr&#232;s de Paris ; condamn&#233; &#224; Anvers en 2021, il a &#233;t&#233; &#233;chang&#233; deux ans plus tard contre un otage belge d&#233;tenu en Iran. Ce cas est embl&#233;matique d&#8217;un probl&#232;me que l&#8217;Europe refuse de regarder en face : les repr&#233;sentations diplomatiques iraniennes servent de couverture op&#233;rationnelle aux Gardiens de la R&#233;volution. L&#8217;agent condamn&#233; &#224; Anvers n&#8217;&#233;tait pas un franc-tireur &#8212; c&#8217;&#233;tait un diplomate accr&#233;dit&#233; qui utilisait le r&#233;seau diplomatique iranien pour organiser un attentat sur le sol europ&#233;en. Les services de renseignement europ&#233;ens savent que nombre de soi-disant diplomates iraniens ne sont rien d&#8217;autre que des agents des Gardiens de la R&#233;volution sous couvert diplomatique. D&#233;signer les Gardiens comme organisation terroriste sans expulser ceux de leurs agents qui se dissimulent dans les ambassades et consulats, c&#8217;est interdire une organisation tout en laissant ses op&#233;rateurs travailler en toute impunit&#233;.</p><p></p><p>T&#233;h&#233;ran d&#233;tient toujours les Fran&#231;ais C&#233;cile Kohler et Jacques Paris. Pour le r&#233;gime, propagande, terreur et prises d&#8217;otages servent une seule et m&#234;me strat&#233;gie. En juillet 2025, quatorze gouvernements &#8212; dont la France, les &#201;tats-Unis, l&#8217;Allemagne, les Pays-Bas, la Su&#232;de et le Canada &#8212; ont publi&#233; une d&#233;claration conjointe condamnant les services iraniens pour avoir planifi&#233; des assassinats et des enl&#232;vements &#224; travers l&#8217;Europe et l&#8217;Am&#233;rique du Nord. Les r&#233;seaux qu&#8217;ils ont publiquement d&#233;crits restent largement intacts.</p><p></p><p>L&#8217;Europe a franchi une &#233;tape le 19 f&#233;vrier 2026 en d&#233;signant unanimement les Gardiens de la R&#233;volution comme organisation terroriste. Qu&#8217;il ait fallu une guerre pour accomplir ce que les preuves auraient d&#251; imposer depuis des ann&#233;es est en soi un acte d&#8217;accusation. Mais une d&#233;signation sans mise en &#339;uvre est sans valeur. Les services de renseignement europ&#233;ens doivent passer d&#8217;une coop&#233;ration &#233;pisodique &#224; des op&#233;rations conjointes permanentes. Et l&#8217;Europe doit avoir le courage d&#8217;expulser les faux diplomates et, si n&#233;cessaire, de fermer les repr&#233;sentations qui servent de bases op&#233;rationnelles au terrorisme d&#8217;&#201;tat.</p><p></p><p>L&#8217;Iran a d&#233;j&#224; frapp&#233; le territoire europ&#233;en dans cette guerre. Des drones tir&#233;s depuis le Liban ont touch&#233; la base britannique d&#8217;Akrotiri, &#224; Chypre. L&#8217;OTAN a d&#233;clar&#233; qu&#8217;elle d&#233;fendrait chaque centim&#232;tre de territoire alli&#233;. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens doivent traiter la menace int&#233;rieure avec le m&#234;me s&#233;rieux. Les r&#233;seaux clandestins op&#233;rant au sein de l&#8217;Europe ne sont pas un probl&#232;me distinct du conflit. Ils en sont le deuxi&#232;me front.</p><p></p><p>La prudence continue n&#8217;est plus de la sagesse. C&#8217;est une forme de complaisance. Si les agents de l&#8217;Iran sont d&#233;j&#224; implant&#233;s dans les villes europ&#233;ennes &#8212; dans les milieux criminels, dans les r&#233;seaux sociaux, et jusque dans les ambassades &#8212;, leur d&#233;mant&#232;lement n&#8217;est pas une question de diplomatie. C&#8217;est une question de s&#233;curit&#233; nationale.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The law that ate itself ]]></title><description><![CDATA[On the morning of January 9, 2026, a seventeen-year-old boy named Sam Afshari was shot in the lower back on a street in Karaj, Iran.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-law-that-ate-itself</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-law-that-ate-itself</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 18 Mar 2026 09:52:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9Gd!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0313bf3-ea94-4a05-af6a-b5a1cbda4197_144x144.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><p>On the morning of January 9, 2026, a seventeen-year-old boy named Sam Afshari was shot in the lower back on a street in Karaj, Iran. He was taken to hospital. There, according to his father &#8212; now living in Germany, one of the thousands of Iranians who fled the Islamic Republic and built quiet lives in European cities&#8212; Sam was killed by a finishing shot administered by Iranian state security forces while he lay on the operating table. His crime was walking outside.</p><p>The Iranian government did not deny that security forces killed protesters that week. It confirmed as much, officially. What it contested was the number &#8212; which it placed at 3,117, a figure so precisely low as to constitute its own dark comedy, given that international human rights investigators put the toll somewhere between 7,000 and 36,500. Trump, in the State of the Union address, cited 32,000. Amnesty International called January 2026 the deadliest period of repression it had documented in decades of monitoring Iran. Human Rights Watch found bodies arriving at Tehran's Kahrizak morgue by refrigerated truck, stacked on top of each other in body bags, some with gunshot wounds to the head that indicated execution-style killings of the already wounded. Women's bodies were returned to their families with organs removed, to conceal evidence of rape. The regime called the dead rioters and terrorists. It called the protests an Israeli-American plot.</p><p>And the international community &#8212; that august body of norms, institutions, and carefully worded communiqu&#233;s &#8212; issued statements of deep concern.</p><p>Now, six weeks later, the United States and Israel have launched Operation Epic Fury and Rising Lion &nbsp;against the Islamic Republic, and Emmanuel Macron has called it an outbreak of war that carries grave consequences for international peace and security. The UN Secretary-General has condemned the use of force. Pedro S&#225;nchez of Spain &#8212; who banned American aircraft from Spanish bases and forced the withdrawal of US tanker planes from Rota and Mor&#243;n &#8212; has declared that the strikes represent an escalation and contribute to a more uncertain and hostile international order.</p><p>One is tempted, at this point, to ask a simple question: where were you in January?</p><p>But the answer, on reflection, is the more interesting subject. Because the problem is not merely hypocrisy &#8212; though hypocrisy is certainly present, and it is worth examining with a scalpel. The deeper problem though is structural. It is, in the most precise sense of the word, systemic. What we are witnessing in the reaction to Operation Epic Fury is not the healthy functioning of an international legal order straining under pressure. It is the final, clarifying exposure of an order that ceased to function long ago &#8212; and that has, in its dysfunction, been quietly serving the interests of the regimes it was designed to constrain.</p><p>To understand where we are, it helps to understand where we were supposed to be. The international legal order built after 1945 rested on a straightforward moral compact: the catastrophic wars of the twentieth century had demonstrated that unchecked state power was the primary threat to human civilization, and that only a framework of binding norms &#8212; codified, enforced, universally applied &#8212; could prevent a recurrence. The UN Charter, the Geneva Conventions, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Genocide Convention, the later Rome Statute: they were the product of a civilizational trauma, the attempt to translate the lesson of sixty million dead into durable institutional form.</p><p>The ambition was genuine. The architecture, however, contained a fatal flaw from the beginning, one that was visible to anyone who looked carefully enough. Enforcement &#8212; the mechanism that transforms law from aspiration into reality &#8212; was vested in the Security Council, a body whose five permanent members held an absolute veto over any action they disliked. It was the price of American and Soviet participation. But it meant, in practice, that the most powerful states in the system were permanently immunized from its most consequential provisions. They could commit aggression, massacre civilians, invade neighbors, and fund terrorist proxies &#8212; and as long as they or a friendly power held a Security Council seat, they faced no legal consequence whatsoever. The irony cuts in every direction: the same veto that shields Russia from accountability for its invasion of Ukraine is the mechanism that has shielded Israel from the automatic majorities of the General Assembly &#8212; majorities that would, without the American veto, have long since voted to expel the Jewish state, or worse. The proof is visible in the bodies where no veto applies: the Human Rights Council, where the West cannot block resolutions, has become a permanent prosecution chamber against Israel, with the apathy of several European states. The system is not selectively broken. It is comprehensively broken &#8212; and even those who benefit from its dysfunction in one arena are destroyed by it in another.</p><p>For the first four decades of the postwar order, this structural contradiction was partially obscured by the Cold War's crude simplicity. It was after 1989 &#8212; when the Cold War's end seemed to open a window for the universalization of liberal norms &#8212; that the contradiction became impossible to ignore. The 1990s were, in retrospect, both the high-water mark and the beginning of the end. The international community intervened in Bosnia, eventually, after enough people had been killed in European concentration camps. It did not intervene in Rwanda, where 800,000 people were murdered with machetes in three months. It intervened in Kosovo without Security Council authorization &#8212; because Russia would have vetoed it &#8212; and was immediately accused by Moscow of violating international law. The accusation was, in a strictly technical sense, not wrong. But its source rendered it obscene.</p><p>This pattern was now established. And it would repeat, with diminishing shame and increasing brazenness, for the next thirty years.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>The University of Chicago law professor Tom Ginsburg, writing in the Journal of Democracy, identified what he called authoritarian international law &#8212; the systematic appropriation of legal mechanisms by illiberal regimes not to constrain themselves, but to shield themselves from accountability and to advance their own anti-democratic projects. The playbook is by now familiar. You sit on the Human Rights Council while executing political prisoners. You invoke the UN Charter's prohibition on interference in internal affairs as a shield against scrutiny of your massacres. You use your Security Council veto to block any resolution that might constrain your allies' worst behavior &#8212; or your own. You file cases at the International Court of Justice not because you believe in its jurisdiction, but because the process itself delegitimizes adversaries. You sign treaties you have no intention of honoring, attend conferences you use for intelligence operations, and staff multilateral bodies with apparatchiks whose job is institutional capture rather than institutional function.</p><p>Russia perfected this art. For twenty years, Moscow used its Security Council veto to block accountability for its own aggression &#8212; in Georgia, in Syria, in Ukraine &#8212; while simultaneously invoking international law as the framework within which it demanded Western compliance. When Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, it did so while claiming, with a straight face, that it was acting in defense of international legal norms against NATO encroachment. When the General Assembly voted to condemn the invasion, Russia's response was to accelerate its bombing of Ukrainian cities. And it retained its permanent seat on the Security Council &#8212; the body nominally responsible for enforcing international peace and security &#8212; throughout.</p><p>Iran mastered a variant of the same technique. For forty years, the Islamic Republic simultaneously claimed the protections of sovereignty and international law while systematically violating both in practice. It funded, trained, armed, and directed proxy militias &#8212; in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, the Palestinian Territories &nbsp;&#8212; in flagrant violation of the sovereignty of states and the laws of armed conflict. These proxies accomplished what invasions sometimes fail to achieve: they captured institutions from the inside. Hezbollah sits in the Lebanese parliament, controls customs, holds the ports. The Iraqi Shia militias &#8212; the Hashd al-Shaabi &#8212; are paid from the Iraqi state budget. The Houthis administer Sanaa. This is not influence. It is occupation, without the uniforms and flags that would have made it nameable. It supplied Russia with the Shahed drones that killed Ukrainian civilians in their apartments, in their hospitals, in their power stations in winter. It executed political prisoners, tortured dissidents, murdered journalists, and persecuted religious minorities on a scale that would have been headline news for months in any other context. And through all of this, it retained full standing in the international system &#8212; attending UN sessions, participating in IAEA negotiations, accepting the mediation of Omani diplomats who shuttled between Tehran and Washington with the air of people negotiating the sale of a used car rather than managing a regime that had just killed tens of thousands of its own citizens. Meanwhile, the Islamic Republic sat on the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women &#8212; the body dedicated to promoting gender equality worldwide. The regime that imprisoned women for improper veiling had been elected a member in May 2021. It served for eighteen months. It took the death of Mahsa Amini, the bullets in the back, the bodies returned to families with missing organs, for ECOSOC to vote for its removal in December 2022 &#8212; by 29 votes to 8. Russia tried to block the vote. On procedural grounds.</p><p><em>The law that was designed to protect the weak from the strong had been quietly converted into a mechanism for protecting the strong &#8212; specifically, the strong who were willing to be sufficiently shameless about breaking it.</em></p><p>The key insight &#8212; the one that the Sanchez of the world either cannot grasp or will not acknowledge &#8212; is that this asymmetry was not an accidental malfunction. It was the point. Illiberal states face no domestic legal check on their international behavior. There is no Iranian court that will rule against the IRGC for war crimes in Syria. There is no Russian judge who will indict the FSB for poisoning dissidents in Salisbury. The legal systems of authoritarian states are instruments of state power, not constraints upon it. This means that international law, in its external dimension, falls asymmetrically &#8212; and crushingly &#8212; on democracies alone. In democracies, international legal obligations are incorporated into domestic law. In democracies, there are independent courts, active NGOs, aggressive media organizations, and opposition politicians who can and do invoke international norms against their own governments. In democracies, soldiers can be prosecuted for actions taken in good faith on the battlefield, while their adversaries execute prisoners and face no consequence.</p><p>Nine former British military chiefs of four-star rank made this point with unusual directness in a public letter last November. They warned that lawfare had become a direct threat to national security &#8212; that every deployed British soldier must consider not just the enemy in front but the lawyer behind, and that this paralysis in decision-making and distortion of rules of engagement was already affecting recruitment and retention in the special forces. The most experienced military minds in Britain were warning that the legal framework their government had signed onto was actively degrading its ability to defend itself. Meanwhile, Iran was shooting hospitalized teenagers in the head with live ammunition &nbsp;.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>There is a historical parallel here, and it is not a comfortable one, but it is precise enough to be worth examining. In the 1930s, the world possessed an international legal order &#8212; the League of Nations, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, the various disarmament agreements of the interwar period &#8212; constructed with genuine idealism after the First World War. The architects of that order believed, as the architects of the postwar order would believe after 1945, that the experience of industrial-scale slaughter had fundamentally changed the moral calculus of statecraft, and that binding legal commitments could substitute for the crude mechanisms of power politics that had produced the catastrophe.</p><p>They were wrong, in the specific way that well-intentioned idealists tend to be wrong: they had designed a system that functioned well when all parties were acting in good faith, and catastrophically when they were not. The League of Nations could not stop Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia because Italy was a member. It could not stop Japanese aggression in Manchuria because Japan simply withdrew. It could not stop Hitler's remilitarization of the Rhineland because the major democracies were paralyzed by a combination of war-weariness, economic crisis, and a genuine, well-meaning but ultimately fatal reluctance to disturb the peace. And the democracies that might have enforced the order had so thoroughly internalized its norms that they could not bring themselves to act even when acting was obviously necessary and obviously justified. The result was not the preservation of peace. The result was the Second World War.</p><p>The parallel is imperfect &#8212; history's parallels always are &#8212; but the structural logic is disturbingly similar. We have spent the last three decades constructing an elaborate legal architecture that functions as a constraint on democracies and a decoration for autocracies. We have watched Russia invade two sovereign nations with impunity. We have watched Iran massacre its own citizens repeatedly &#8212; in 2009, in 2019, in 2022, and now in a January 2026 slaughter that by any reasonable accounting constitutes one of the worst atrocities of the twenty-first century. We have watched China build concentration camps for ethnic minorities on a scale not seen since the 1940s. And the primary institutional response &#8212; the one that occupied the most diplomatic energy, generated the most official communiqu&#233;s, consumed the most column inches &#8212; was the question of whether Israel's conduct in Gaza met the technical legal definition of genocide.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>This brings us to a phenomenon that is not incidental to the collapse of international law's legitimacy. It is central to it. And it operates on two levels that are rarely discussed together, though they are deeply connected.</p><p>The first is the specific treatment of Israel in international legal forums. Israel is the only democracy in the world that has been the subject of a genocide case at the International Court of Justice &#8212; brought by South Africa, a country whose own government has a complicated relationship with the human rights principles it invoked and even more so with the Islamic Republic of Iran. Israel is the only country whose military conduct is subjected to a dedicated UN commission of inquiry operating on a permanent rather than situation-specific basis. The UN Human Rights Council, which counts Venezuela, China, Qatar, and Cuba among its members, has passed more resolutions condemning Israel than it has passed condemning every other country in the world combined. The consistent application of a different, harsher standard to the Jewish state is not a coincidence, and it is not a result of Israel being uniquely worse in its behavior than other states. It is the product of a specific political coalition &#8212; encompassing most of the Arab bloc, the non-aligned movement, and much of what goes by the name of the Global South &#8212; that has made the delegitimization of Israel a structural feature of multilateral diplomacy since 1967. The infamous 1975 UN resolution equating Zionism with racism was revoked in 1991, but the political culture that produced it did not disappear. It evolved, refined its language, shifted from explicit antisemitism to the more defensible terrain of international humanitarian law, and continued to produce the same results.</p><p>The second level is more uncomfortable, because it implicates institutions that present themselves as the conscience of the international order rather than its corruptors. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch are not neutral observers of this distortion. In important respects, they have participated in it. Both organizations have in recent years applied the terms genocide and apartheid to Israel in ways that bear little relationship to the legal definitions those words carry under international law &#8212; definitions developed, with great care and at great cost, precisely to mark the most extreme categories of human rights violation and distinguish them from lesser, though still serious, wrongs. The inflation of these terms, their application to a democracy engaged in a genuine if brutal urban war against a terrorist organization that deliberately embeds itself in civilian infrastructure, does not strengthen international law. It destroys it. When genocide means what Israel does in Gaza, the word has no remaining force to describe what Iran did in January, what Hamas did on October 7th, what China is doing in Xinjiang, or what the Assad regime did in Syria.</p><p>Robert Bernstein, the founder of Human Rights Watch, saw this coming. He broke publicly with the organization he had created, writing that it had lost its way by focusing obsessively on Israel &#8212; a democracy with an independent judiciary, a free press, and a genuine legal system through which its own conduct can be challenged &#8212; while giving comparatively less scrutiny to the closed societies where human rights monitors cannot operate and where abuses occur on a vastly larger scale without accountability. Amnesty's own internal history tells a similar story: its former Secretary General resigned in 2022 partly over accusations of institutional antisemitism that the organization's own internal review did not fully exonerate. The most recent case is the most striking, because it comes from within. In February 2026, Halima Begum &#8212; the former chief executive of Oxfam Great Britain, ousted after eighteen months &#8212; gave an interview to Channel 4. She described intense pressure on the organization to label Israeli operations in Gaza as genocide before the evidence and legal opinions had been assembled. She described a toxic antisemitic culture. She spoke of a focus on Gaza that she considered disproportionate to all other humanitarian crises worldwide. She is now taking the matter to an employment tribunal. These are not external attacks on human rights work. They are internal admissions of a problem that the organizations themselves have been unable to resolve.</p><p>The damage this does to international law is profound and, in a sense, more insidious than what autocrats do directly, because it comes wrapped in the language of principle. When the organizations that are supposed to be the guardians of legal vocabulary use it selectively and politically, they hand autocrats the most powerful argument available: that the whole enterprise is a Western political project deployed against adversaries, not a universal framework applied on merit. Russia and Iran and China have been making this argument for years. Amnesty and HRW, by treating Israel as a special case deserving of the most severe legal characterizations while producing reports and press releases about Iranian massacres, have been providing the evidence for it.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>One of the most clarifying details of the current conflict is the Iran-Russia military relationship and what it tells us about the use of international law as a geopolitical weapon. Iran supplied Russia with the Shahed-136 drone, a loitering munition used to strike Ukrainian apartment buildings, hospitals, grain storage facilities, and power infrastructure in deliberate attacks on civilian targets. By any reasonable application of international humanitarian law &#8212; the very body of law Sanchez and others invoke to condemn Operation Epic Fury &#8212; these strikes constitute war crimes. The targeting of civilian infrastructure in winter, with the specific goal of creating a humanitarian crisis, is not a gray area. It is a textbook violation. Ukraine's President Zelenskyy acknowledged as much explicitly when he endorsed the American strikes: the Iranian regime had chosen to be an accomplice to Putin, and the drones it supplied had struck Ukrainian cities more than 57,000 times.</p><p>Russia, for its part, used its Security Council veto to prevent any legal accountability for Iran's behavior, just as it used it to prevent accountability for its own. The two regimes formed a mutual legal protection racket, each shielding the other from the mechanisms designed to hold them accountable, while simultaneously invoking those mechanisms against their adversaries at every opportunity. Russia called Epic Fury a deliberate, premeditated and unprovoked act of armed aggression. This is the country that invaded Ukraine. China called for an immediate stop to military actions &#8212; this from the government operating the world's largest system of ethnic concentration camps. The moral authority these states claim within international forums is precisely zero. Yet the architecture grants them a formal platform from which to exercise it, and a veto to enforce it. Marco Rubio, at his Senate confirmation hearing in January 2025, framed this with the bluntness that sometimes characterizes Washington's more undiplomatic moments: the post-war global order is not just obsolete, it is now a weapon being used against us. That sentence was widely criticized as reckless. Looking at the preceding twelve months of evidence, it reads as descriptive.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>The critics of Operation Epic Fury &#8212; and there are serious critics, making serious arguments whose views deserve engagement &#8212; are correct that the operation represents a departure from the postwar legal framework as formally understood. The United States did not obtain Security Council authorization. These are real points. But here is the question that serious engagement with those points requires: what would the alternative have looked like? The United States could have brought the matter to the Security Council. Russia and China would have vetoed any resolution. And then what&nbsp;?</p><p>What is actually broken is not the rules-based order. What is broken is the fiction that we have had one. The rules, as applied over the last thirty years, have not been applied equally. The massacre of &nbsp;36,000 Iranian civilians did not break the rules-based order. Russia's invasion of Ukraine did not break the rules-based order. What Operation Epic Fury did was make the brokenness legible to people who had been declining to look. A significant portion of European elite opinion has been operating, for years, on the unconscious assumption that the rules-based order functions primarily as a restraint on American power and a relative punishment of Israel, and that this is its primary value. The constraints it nominally places on Russia, Iran, or China are theoretical and unenforceable; the constraints it places on the West are real, litigable, and politically actionable. This arrangement delivered considerable advantages to European governments who wished to maintain trade relations with authoritarian states while maintaining moral distance from American hard power. It has been so comfortable for so long that its unraveling feels like a violation rather than a correction.</p><p>The most striking evidence that this uncomfortable truth is beginning to penetrate even within Europe came from Friedrich Merz, the German Chancellor. Germany, whose postwar political identity has been more thoroughly invested in the sanctity of international law than almost any other democracy &#8212; for obvious historical reasons &#8212; suddenly produced a leader willing to say what the architecture had made unsayable. &#8220;Appeals from Europe, including from Germany, and condemnations of Iranian violations of international law, and even extensive sanctions, have achieved little over the years and decades,&#8221; Merz said, placing the blame for this failure squarely on European weakness in confronting Tehran. He concluded that &#8220;international legal assessments will have relatively little effect&#8221; when it came to Iran &#8212; and that &#8220;now is not the time to lecture our partners and allies.&#8221; The S&#252;ddeutsche Zeitung, Germany&#8217;s centre-left broadsheet, characterized his remarks as &#8220;a long farewell to international law.&#8221; One German analyst described Merz as displaying &#8220;a fairly instrumental relationship with international law, rather than an unwavering commitment to it.&#8221; What the critics missed &#8212; or declined to say &#8212; is that the instrumentalization had been underway for decades, deployed by the other side. Merz was not abandoning the principle. He was acknowledging, with unusual candor for a German chancellor, that the principle had already been abandoned by those it was supposed to constrain &#8212; and that pretending otherwise had costs that were no longer sustainable.</p><p>In France, former Prime Minister Gabriel Attal was even moredirect. Appearing on France 2&#8217;s &#8220;Les 4 V&#233;rit&#233;s&#8221; on March 2, 2026, asked about the legality of the operation, he said what few European political figures have dared to formulate: &#8220;International law cannot be a totem of immunity for those who do not respect it and who violate it morning, noon, and night. The Iranian regime did not respect international law when it murdered protesters and students. It did not respect international law when it prevented women from living freely, from dressing as they wished. It did not respect international law when it called for the destruction of a state, Israel, for the destabilization of an entire region by seeking to obtain nuclear weapons.&#8221; The phrase &#8212; totem of immunity &#8212; says in two words what this essay says in fifty pages. It should endure.</p><p>Return, for a moment, to Sam Afshari on the operating table in Karaj. Return to the body bags arriving by refrigerated truck at Kahrizak, each one a person who had walked outside to say that they were tired &#8212; tired of the lies, tired of the poverty, tired of the hijab police and the rigged elections and the IRGC commanders enriching themselves while the currency collapsed. Return to the doctor who told Sky News that his network of colleagues estimated 20,000 to 30,000 deaths and thought the real number could be higher. Return to the families pressured to say their children died as regime martyrs, to the bodies buried in unmarked graves, to the women whose remains were returned mutilated so that the evidence of what had been done to them would go with them to the grave.</p><p>Amnesty International &#8212; the same organization that called Israeli military conduct genocide &#8212; said plainly that impunity for repeated crimes under international law during previous crackdowns directly enabled the January massacres. In other words, the international community's failure to act after 2019 and after 2022 was not merely a passive failure. It was a causal factor. The dead are, in some measure, a consequence of the very framework whose violation so many &nbsp;are now lamenting. This is the argument that needs to be made, loudly, repeatedly, and with the specific names and numbers that make abstraction impossible. International law is not self-executing. When the states that hold veto power on the Security Council are themselves the primary violators of the norms that body was designed to enforce, the body cannot enforce them. What it can do &#8212; what it has done, systematically, for thirty years &#8212; is function as a legitimacy laundromat for autocracies, providing a veneer of legal participation to regimes whose actual conduct makes a mockery of every principle those institutions nominally represent.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Here is the hopeful part, because there is a hopeful part, and it would be dishonest to omit it.</p><p>Every serious institutional reform in history has been preceded by a crisis that made the inadequacy of existing arrangements undeniable. The League of Nations failed because it could not enforce its own principles against states willing to ignore them. The United Nations was built on the ruins of that failure, incorporating the lesson &#8212; imperfectly, but genuinely &#8212; that enforcement required great power buy-in. The Security Council veto was a bad compromise. But it was made by people who had just watched fifty million people die and were desperately trying to build something that would prevent a recurrence. We are now at a similar moment of institutional clarity. The fiction of a universally applicable rules-based order has been definitively exposed as fiction. This is painful. But the exposure of a fiction is not the same thing as the destruction of the underlying value. The underlying value &#8212; that states should be constrained by law, that force should not be the only arbiter of international disputes, that individuals have rights that exist independently of the states that may choose to violate them &#8212; is not a Western imposition. It is the accumulated moral knowledge of centuries of human experience with what happens when power operates without constraint.</p><p>What the current moment opens is the possibility &#8212; not the certainty, but the genuine possibility &#8212; of an honest reckoning with the gap between that value and the institutions we have built to serve it. An honest reckoning would begin with the acknowledgment that the Security Council, the Human Rights Council, the UN system and the international law as it is being used , are not fit for purpose. That a body on which Russia and China hold &nbsp;permanent vetos cannot credibly claim to be the guardian of international peace. That an institution whose Human Rights Council includes the world's worst human rights abusers but focus their entire wrath against the only democracy in the Middle East has forfeited the moral authority it claims. That international law's legitimacy depends on consistent application &#8212; and that consistent application requires the political will to apply it to states that can currently veto its application to themselves. That the human rights organizations which are supposed to guard the vocabulary of accountability must choose between legal precision and political convenience, because they cannot credibly claim both.</p><p>There is a democratic alliance &#8212; the countries that genuinely incorporate international legal obligations into their domestic systems, that have independent judiciaries, free press, and civil society capable of holding governments accountable &#8212; that could form the nucleus of a reformed order. It would be smaller than the current one. It would be more honest about what it is: not a universal system claiming to represent all of humanity, but a coalition of states that have actually chosen the rule of law as an organizing principle of their conduct. It would apply its norms to itself, rigorously, including to Israel, including to the United States, including to the European members who have enjoyed the benefits of American security guarantees while maintaining the comfortable posture of legal rectitude. But it would also have the honesty to say that states that massacre their own citizens by the thousands have forfeited the right to invoke those norms as a shield against accountability. This is not a utopian vision. It is, in fact, a more modest one than what we have been pretending to have. But modesty and honesty, in the current moment, would represent a significant improvement over the alternative.</p><p>The obvious objection is that democracies themselves have been complicit in the dysfunction. Spain banned American aircraft from its bases while Iran shot teenagers on operating tables. European governments maintained trade relations with Tehran for decades while issuing statements of concern about executions. The human rights organizations that degraded legal vocabulary are headquartered in London, New York, and Geneva &#8212; not in Moscow or Beijing. And the complicity runs deeper than selective outrage. Western democracies and their corporations have been perfectly content to sustain despots in power when it served their economic interests &#8212; asking as little as possible in return, structuring deals that enriched ruling cliques while populations starved, and treating the resulting stability as a vindication of pragmatism rather than an indictment of it. Meanwhile, the states of the so-called Global South that invoke international law most loudly against Western democracies are in many cases claiming for themselves the right to behave toward their own populations and their neighbors as nineteenth-century colonial powers once did &#8212; with the crucial difference that they demand immunity from scrutiny while doing so. If the democracies are already compromised, and the multilateral coalition arrayed against them is acting in transparent bad faith, what guarantee does a smaller club provide against what one might call Sanchezisation &#8212; the tendency of democratic governments to treat international law as a constraint on their allies and a courtesy toward their adversaries?</p><p>The answer is not that a reformed order would be composed of saints. It is that the current architecture actively incentivizes bad faith by making it costless. A European government can invoke the rules-based order to condemn American strikes while maintaining silence about Iranian massacres, because the existing system provides the vocabulary of condemnation without requiring the consistency. The ICJ docket is available to any state with a political grievance; the Security Council veto ensures that no equivalent accountability flows in the other direction. An honest alliance would not eliminate the temptation toward double standards &#8212; human institutions never do. But it would eliminate the structural alibi. In a coalition whose membership is predicated on actual adherence to the norms it espouses, a Spain that bans American military flights while remaining relatively silent on 36,000 dead Iranians would face a choice that the current system spares it: either align its conduct with its principles, or leave. The discipline is not moral perfection. It is transparency &#8212; the impossibility of hiding behind procedural unanimity and institutional capture. The Merz moment, the Attal moment, suggest that within Europe the appetite for this honesty might be growing. The question is whether it will grow fast enough.</p><p>Sam Afshari's father is in Germany. He gave his account from a safe distance, because distance is what safety requires when you have lost a child to the Islamic Republic and want to tell the world without disappearing yourself. He is one of hundreds of thousands of Iranians who built their lives in European cities &#8212; in Berlin, in Paris, in Stockholm, in London &#8212; cities whose governments have spent the last six weeks debating whether the military operation that finally confronted the regime that killed his son was consistent with international law.</p><p>The law is not a suicide pact. It is not a document designed to ensure that the strong who are willing to break it retain permanent advantage over the strong who are not. If it has become that &#8212; and it has; the evidence is overwhelming &#8212; then it requires not defense but reform. The mourners at Kahrizak deserve an international order that takes their grief seriously. The protesters of Tehran and Karaj and Kermanshah deserve institutions capable of meaning what they say.</p><p>The law that ate itself has left a vacancy. The question is what we will build in its place. That question is genuinely open. For the first time in decades, it is also genuinely urgent. And urgency, in the history of institutional reform, has sometimes been the beginning of something better.</p><p><em>Sometimes.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Humani’Terre : comment les islamistes utilisent le droit international et l’humanitaire comme armes]]></title><description><![CDATA[Le 20 f&#233;vrier 2026, cinq personnes ont &#233;t&#233; mises en examen en France pour avoir achemin&#233; au moins quarante-sept millions de dollars vers le Hamas sous couvert d&#8217;aide humanitaire.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/humaniterre-comment-les-islamistes</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/humaniterre-comment-les-islamistes</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2026 09:23:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plwU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0bb554-e127-40a6-a44d-5e16808f07cf_1472x832.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Le 20 f&#233;vrier 2026, cinq personnes ont &#233;t&#233; mises en examen en France pour avoir achemin&#233; au moins quarante-sept millions de dollars vers le Hamas sous couvert d&#8217;aide humanitaire. L&#8217;homme au c&#339;ur du dossier est aussi le m&#234;me qui a obtenu le mandat d&#8217;arr&#234;t de la Cour p&#233;nale internationale contre le Premier ministre isra&#233;lien. Ce n&#8217;est pas une co&#239;ncidence.</em></p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plwU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0bb554-e127-40a6-a44d-5e16808f07cf_1472x832.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plwU!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0bb554-e127-40a6-a44d-5e16808f07cf_1472x832.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plwU!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, 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href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eYUS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb19268e6-04dc-4c93-ad0a-ddccdc315dcc_1178x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eYUS!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb19268e6-04dc-4c93-ad0a-ddccdc315dcc_1178x2048.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eYUS!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb19268e6-04dc-4c93-ad0a-ddccdc315dcc_1178x2048.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eYUS!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb19268e6-04dc-4c93-ad0a-ddccdc315dcc_1178x2048.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eYUS!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb19268e6-04dc-4c93-ad0a-ddccdc315dcc_1178x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb19268e6-04dc-4c93-ad0a-ddccdc315dcc_1178x2048.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eYUS!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb19268e6-04dc-4c93-ad0a-ddccdc315dcc_1178x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le 20 f&#233;vrier 2026, le Parquet national antiterroriste a formellement mis en examen cinq personnes pour &#171;&nbsp;financement d&#8217;une entreprise terroriste&nbsp;&#187;, &#171;&nbsp;abus de confiance aggrav&#233; en bande organis&#233;e&nbsp;&#187; et &#171;&nbsp;blanchiment en lien avec une entreprise terroriste&nbsp;&#187;. Ces cinq suspects gravitent autour des associations Humani&#8217;Terre et Soutien Humani&#8217;Terre, deux organisations qui pr&#233;sentaient leur mission comme la collecte de dons pour les Palestiniens. Le chiffre saisi&nbsp;: quarante millions d&#8217;euros, dont plus de cinq millions en esp&#232;ces retrouv&#233;s dans les locaux de l&#8217;association &#224; Paris, Lille, Lyon et Marseille. De l&#8217;argent liquide, dissimul&#233; dans des bureaux associatifs financ&#233;s en partie par des subventions publiques fran&#231;aises. L&#8217;enqu&#234;te avait &#233;t&#233; ouverte le 3 novembre 2023, moins d&#8217;un mois apr&#232;s les attaques du Hamas en Isra&#235;l. Les premi&#232;res perquisitions avaient eu lieu en janvier 2024.</p><p>Parmi les personnes vis&#233;es se trouve Khaled al-Shouli, avocat jordanien de soixante ans. Son nom &#233;tait d&#233;j&#224; apparu lors du gel des avoirs ordonn&#233; par le minist&#232;re de l&#8217;Int&#233;rieur en juin 2024. Mais al-Shouli n&#8217;est pas un simple gestionnaire de fonds occultes. En ao&#251;t 2024, il figure parmi les avocats qui soumettent &#224; la Cour p&#233;nale internationale une p&#233;tition r&#233;clamant l&#8217;arrestation du Premier ministre Benjamin Netanyahu. Cette d&#233;marche, combin&#233;e &#224; d&#8217;autres proc&#233;dures parall&#232;les, aboutit directement au mandat d&#8217;arr&#234;t &#233;mis par la CPI en novembre 2024. En juin 2023, il avait lui-m&#234;me lev&#233; le voile sur sa coh&#233;rence interne&nbsp;: ce recours &#224; la CPI &#233;tait, selon ses propres d&#233;clarations, une forme de &#171;&nbsp;r&#233;sistance&nbsp;&#187; &#224; l&#8217;&#171;&nbsp;occupation&nbsp;&#187;, et cette r&#233;sistance, pr&#233;cisait-il, &#171;&nbsp;justifiait toutes ses formes&nbsp;&#187; &#8212; formule dont nul n&#8217;ignore qu&#8217;elle inclut la violence.</p><p>Ce que r&#233;v&#232;le le cas al-Shouli ne se r&#233;duit pas &#224; un individu. Il illustre une doctrine. Les r&#233;seaux proches du Hamas et des Fr&#232;res musulmans ont compris, depuis au moins deux d&#233;cennies, que le rapport de forces militaire ne leur serait jamais suffisant. Ils ont donc d&#233;velopp&#233; une strat&#233;gie &#224; plusieurs niveaux, dans laquelle le droit international, les organisations humanitaires et les structures de d&#233;fense des droits de l&#8217;homme ne sont pas des contraintes &#224; contourner &#8212; ce sont des outils &#224; conqu&#233;rir. L&#8217;argent collect&#233; sous couvert d&#8217;aide aux Palestiniens finance des op&#233;rations terroristes. Les avocats qui g&#232;rent ces flux humanitaires douteux instrumentalisent simultan&#233;ment la CPI. Les associations caritatives servent de fa&#231;ades au blanchiment.</p><p>Pour comprendre l&#8217;ampleur de ce qui vient d&#8217;&#234;tre d&#233;mantel&#233;, il faut remonter vingt-deux ans en arri&#232;re. Humani&#8217;Terre n&#8217;est pas une cr&#233;ation r&#233;cente. C&#8217;est la derni&#232;re incarnation d&#8217;une op&#233;ration de financement dont les racines remontent au d&#233;but des ann&#233;es 2000. En ao&#251;t 2003, le Tr&#233;sor am&#233;ricain d&#233;signe le Comit&#233; de bienfaisance et de secours aux Palestiniens &#8212; le CBSP &#8212; comme &#171;&nbsp;principal collecteur de fonds pour le Hamas en France&nbsp;&#187;. Le Canada proc&#232;de &#224; la m&#234;me d&#233;signation. La France ouvre une enqu&#234;te pr&#233;liminaire. Et puis rien. Le CBSP n&#8217;est pas dissous. Ses dirigeants ne sont pas poursuivis. L&#8217;organisation continue d&#8217;op&#233;rer. En 2018, elle se rebaptise simplement Humani&#8217;Terre. M&#234;mes num&#233;ros de t&#233;l&#233;phone. M&#234;mes adresses. M&#234;mes personnels cl&#233;s. La continuit&#233; est totale. L&#8217;impunit&#233;, absolue. Et l&#8217;&#201;tat fran&#231;ais, qui avait tous les &#233;l&#233;ments en main depuis vingt ans, n&#8217;a rien fait.</p><p>Pour saisir la profondeur de cet enracinement, il faut suivre la cha&#238;ne enti&#232;re. Le Hamas est, selon sa propre charte, la branche palestinienne des Fr&#232;res musulmans. En France, les Fr&#232;res op&#232;rent principalement &#224; travers Musulmans de France &#8212; anciennement l&#8217;UOIF &#8212; que les autorit&#233;s identifient comme le principal vecteur id&#233;ologique de la confr&#233;rie dans le pays. L&#8217;UOIF &#233;tait une organisation partenaire officielle du CBSP. Le CBSP est devenu Humani&#8217;Terre. Et le pr&#233;sident d&#8217;Humani&#8217;Terre &#233;tait le tr&#233;sorier de l&#8217;UOIF. La structure est concentrique, les personnels sont interchangeables, et les missions se superposent. Ce n&#8217;est pas un r&#233;seau informel. C&#8217;est une architecture.</p><p>En f&#233;vrier 2024, une cha&#238;ne d&#8217;information isra&#233;lienne diffuse des images prises &#224; l&#8217;int&#233;rieur d&#8217;un tunnel du Hamas, sous Gaza. On y distingue un scooter motoris&#233; portant le logo d&#8217;Humani&#8217;Terre. Ce scooter se trouve dans un tunnel de commandement utilis&#233; par les op&#233;ratifs du Hamas pour circuler entre les caches d&#8217;armes et les zones de d&#233;tention des otages isra&#233;liens. Une association qui avait re&#231;u trente mille euros de financement public fran&#231;ais en 2022, dont le mat&#233;riel se retrouve dans les infrastructures souterraines d&#8217;une organisation terroriste. Le mois pr&#233;c&#233;dent, les enqu&#234;teurs avaient d&#233;j&#224; perquisitionn&#233; ses locaux et saisi plus de trente-six millions d&#8217;euros. En juin 2024, l&#8217;&#201;tat fran&#231;ais ordonne le gel de ses avoirs &#8212; renouvel&#233; en juin 2025.</p><p>Et comme si ce n&#8217;&#233;tait pas assez sulfureux, le dossier prend une dimension politique suppl&#233;mentaire avec le cas de Thomas Portes, d&#233;put&#233; La France Insoumise. Le 5 octobre 2023 &#8212; quarante-huit heures avant les massacres du Hamas &#8212;, Portes se rend au Caire pour rencontrer Abu Amir Mutasen Eleiwa, l&#8217;un des dirigeants d&#8217;Humani&#8217;Terre. Il publie des photographies de la r&#233;union sur ses r&#233;seaux sociaux, bras dessus bras dessous avec Eleiwa. Il est accompagn&#233; d&#8217;une d&#233;l&#233;gation qui inclut Pierre Stambul, copr&#233;sident de l&#8217;Union Juive Fran&#231;aise pour la Paix (UJFP) &#8212; organisation antisioniste, elle-m&#234;me sous enqu&#234;te pour financement du terrorisme. L&#8217;&#201;gypte ayant bloqu&#233; le passage par Rafah, la d&#233;l&#233;gation rencontre Eleiwa au Caire. Deux jours plus tard, le Hamas d&#233;clenche son assaut. Les photographies sont demeur&#233;es en ligne.</p><p>L&#8217;UJFP elle-m&#234;me se retrouve aujourd&#8217;hui dans l&#8217;&#339;il du cyclone judiciaire. En ao&#251;t 2025, le Parquet national antiterroriste a ouvert une enqu&#234;te pr&#233;liminaire pour financement du terrorisme &#224; la suite d&#8217;une plainte visant les transferts de fonds de l&#8217;association vers Gaza. La connexion avec Humani&#8217;Terre est directe et document&#233;e&nbsp;: ces financements transitaient par Abu Amir Mutasen Eleiwa &#8212; le m&#234;me homme que Portes et Stambul &#233;taient venus rencontrer au Caire deux jours avant le 7 octobre, et qui est identifi&#233; comme relais local commun des deux organisations. La banque Cr&#233;dit Coop&#233;ratif a ferm&#233; les comptes de l&#8217;UJFP. L&#8217;association conteste toute irr&#233;gularit&#233;, affirmant que ses envois de fonds relevaient de l&#8217;aide humanitaire aux civils. C&#8217;est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment cette ambigu&#239;t&#233; &#8212; sinc&#232;re chez certains, instrumentalis&#233;e chez d&#8217;autres &#8212; qui constitue le c&#339;ur du m&#233;canisme que cette affaire met au jour.</p><p>En septembre 2025, Portes quitte une flottille de solidarit&#233; avec Gaza pour se rendre au Liban, o&#249; il rencontre des responsables du Front populaire de lib&#233;ration de la Palestine, organisation d&#233;sign&#233;e comme terroriste par l&#8217;Union europ&#233;enne et directement impliqu&#233;e dans les attaques du 7 octobre. Seize membres de l&#8217;Assembl&#233;e nationale d&#233;posent une plainte formelle contre lui au titre de l&#8217;article 40 du Code de proc&#233;dure p&#233;nale. En d&#233;cembre 2025, l&#8217;enqu&#234;te parlementaire le cite nomm&#233;ment, documentant ses relations avec la direction d&#8217;Humani&#8217;Terre et ses r&#233;unions avec des responsables du FPLP. LFI, pour sa part, continue de refuser de qualifier le Hamas d&#8217;organisation terroriste, pr&#233;f&#233;rant les formulations &#171;&nbsp;actes terroristes&nbsp;&#187; ou &#171;&nbsp;crimes de guerre&nbsp;&#187;. Cette distinction s&#233;mantique, dans le contexte de l&#8217;affaire Humani&#8217;Terre, n&#8217;est pas neutre.</p><p>Ce que cette affaire r&#233;v&#232;le, dans son ensemble, c&#8217;est une strat&#233;gie de long terme qui a parfaitement compris les vuln&#233;rabilit&#233;s des d&#233;mocraties lib&#233;rales. Ces soci&#233;t&#233;s accordent une pr&#233;somption de l&#233;gitimit&#233; consid&#233;rable &#224; tout ce qui se pr&#233;sente sous les labels de l&#8217;humanitaire, des droits de l&#8217;homme et du droit international. Ces labels cr&#233;ent des zones de protection quasi automatique &#8212; des espaces o&#249; la vigilance se rel&#226;che, o&#249; les subventions publiques coulent, o&#249; les critiques sont imm&#233;diatement soup&#231;onn&#233;es de mauvaise foi.</p><p>L&#8217;&#201;tat fran&#231;ais n&#8217;a pas agi en 2003, quand le Tr&#233;sor am&#233;ricain a tir&#233; la sonnette d&#8217;alarme. Il n&#8217;a pas agi en 2018, quand l&#8217;organisation a simplement chang&#233; de nom en conservant tout le reste &#224; l&#8217;identique. La question qui m&#233;rite d&#8217;&#234;tre pos&#233;e, et &#224; laquelle personne ne s&#8217;est encore v&#233;ritablement attel&#233;, est celle des m&#233;canismes qui ont permis cette impunit&#233; prolong&#233;e&nbsp;: la na&#239;vet&#233; id&#233;ologique, la pression des lobbies, la crainte des accusations d&#8217;islamophobie, ou simplement la capture progressive des institutions par les r&#233;seaux qu&#8217;elles &#233;taient cens&#233;es surveiller.</p><p>Ce que cette affaire d&#233;montre d&#233;passe largement le cas isra&#233;lien. En investissant m&#233;thodiquement le droit international, l&#8217;humanitaire et les droits de l&#8217;homme, ces r&#233;seaux n&#8217;ont pas seulement financ&#233; le terrorisme &#8212; ils ont retourn&#233; contre elles-m&#234;mes les institutions cens&#233;es incarner la justice universelle. La CPI, les ONG, les associations caritatives sont devenus des chevaux de Troie. Le dommage est double&nbsp;: Isra&#235;l en est la cible imm&#233;diate, mais ce sont les principes universels eux-m&#234;mes qui sont vid&#233;s de leur sens. Quand la justice devient une arme, c&#8217;est la justice qui perd.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[France is acting against Hamas fronts ]]></title><description><![CDATA[On February 20, five people connected to the French associations Humani&#8217;Terre and Soutien Humani&#8217;Terre were formally charged with financing a terrorist enterprise, aggravated breach of trust in an organized gang, and money laundering in connection with a terrorist enterprise.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/france-is-acting-against-hamas-fronts</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/france-is-acting-against-hamas-fronts</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 20:09:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KQTp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F018a84cd-8902-45d3-ab49-5dac90b232ea_1070x961.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On February 20, five people connected to the French associations Humani&#8217;Terre and Soutien Humani&#8217;Terre were formally charged with financing a terrorist enterprise, aggravated breach of trust in an organized gang, and money laundering in connection with a terrorist enterprise. They were placed under judicial supervision by the National Anti-Terrorism Prosecutor&#8217;s Office, which suspects these organizations of having funneled funds, under cover of humanitarian aid, to Hamas.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KQTp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F018a84cd-8902-45d3-ab49-5dac90b232ea_1070x961.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KQTp!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F018a84cd-8902-45d3-ab49-5dac90b232ea_1070x961.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KQTp!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F018a84cd-8902-45d3-ab49-5dac90b232ea_1070x961.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KQTp!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F018a84cd-8902-45d3-ab49-5dac90b232ea_1070x961.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KQTp!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F018a84cd-8902-45d3-ab49-5dac90b232ea_1070x961.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>It is, on its face, significant news. For anyone who has been paying attention, it is also the latest chapter of a story that began twenty-two years ago.</p><p>Humani&#8217;Terre is the latest incarnation of a decades-old Hamas financing operation that has repeatedly changed its name while maintaining the same personnel, the same addresses, and the same mission. The organization is the direct heir of the Comit&#233; de bienfaisance et de secours aux Palestiniens&#8212;the CBSP. In August 2003, the U.S. Department of the Treasury designated the CBSP a terrorist entity and described it as a &#8220;primary fundraiser for Hamas in France.&#8221; Canada made the same designation that year. France opened a preliminary inquiry. And then, for reasons that remain difficult to explain, nothing happened.</p><p>The CBSP was not dissolved. Its leaders were not prosecuted. The organization simply rebranded as Humani&#8217;Terre in 2018, keeping the same phone numbers, the same addresses, and the same key personnel.</p><p>To understand the full picture, one must follow the chain. Hamas is, by its own charter, the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood. The Brotherhood operates in France primarily through a network anchored by Musulmans de France&#8212;formerly the UOIF&#8212;which French authorities identify as the Brotherhood&#8217;s main ideological vehicle in the country. The UOIF was a formal &#8220;partner organization&#8221; of the CBSP. The CBSP became Humani&#8217;Terre. The chairman of Humani&#8217;Terre was the UOIF&#8217;s treasurer.</p><p>In February 2024, an Israeli news channel broadcast footage taken inside a Hamas tunnel beneath Gaza. Visible in the tunnel was a motorized scooter bearing the logo of Humani&#8217;Terre&#8212;an organization that had received 30,000 euros in French public funding as recently as 2022. It was not delivering food to children. It was in a command tunnel used by Hamas operatives to move between weapons caches and the areas where Israeli hostages were being held. The previous month, in January 2024, investigators had raided the organization&#8217;s offices and seized more than 36 million euros. In June 2024, the French state ordered a freeze of its assets&#8212;renewed in June 2025&#8212;invoking the same legal framework it uses against ISIS and Al-Qaeda.</p><p>There is a tendency, in polite circles, to treat the distinction between &#8220;humanitarian aid&#8221; and &#8220;terrorist financing&#8221; as self-evident and robust. The story of Humani&#8217;Terre is a case study in how that distinction can be systematically exploited. Funds are collected from mosques across France, routed through an association with a humanitarian name and a sympathetic stated mission, and transferred&#8212;directly or indirectly&#8212;to an organization that the United States, the European Union, and Israel have all designated as a terrorist group. The French state did not act in 2003, when the U.S. Treasury first sounded the alarm. It did not act when the organization rebranded in 2018. It is acting now. The question worth asking is why it took twenty years.</p><p>As if this was not bad enough, there is another angle to the story. On October 5, 2023&#8212;forty-eight hours before the Hamas massacres&#8212;Thomas Portes, a National Assembly member representing the far-left La France Insoumise party, traveled to Cairo to meet Abu Amir Mutasen Eleiwa, one of the senior figures of Humani&#8217;Terre. Portes posted photographs of the meeting on social media, arm in arm with Eleiwa. He was accompanied by a delegation that included Pierre Stambul, co-president of the Union Juive Fran&#231;aise pour la Paix (more or less the equivalent of JVP), an antizionist Jewish organization that had run joint fundraising campaigns with Humani&#8217;Terre. When Egypt blocked the group&#8217;s access to Gaza through the Rafah crossing, the delegation met with Eleiwa in Cairo instead. Two days later, Hamas launched its assault. The photographs remained on social media.</p><p>In September 2025, Portes left a Gaza solidarity flotilla and traveled to Lebanon, where he met with officials of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine&#8212;an organization designated as a terrorist group by the European Union and directly implicated in the October 7 attacks. Sixteen members of the National Assembly subsequently filed a formal complaint against him under Article 40 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The French parliamentary investigation of December 2025 named Portes specifically, noting his documented relationships with Humani&#8217;Terre&#8217;s leadership and his meetings with PFLP officials. LFI, for its part, has consistently refused to designate Hamas as a terrorist organization&#8212;preferring the formulations &#8220;terrorist acts&#8221; or &#8220;war crimes.&#8221; In the context of Humani&#8217;Terre, that distinction is not merely semantic.</p><p>The scale of what French authorities have now documented is sobering. A May 2025 report commissioned by Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau&#8212;compiled by a prefect and an ambassador, drawing on 45 academic interviews and fourteen field visits across France and Europe&#8212;concluded that the Muslim Brotherhood has built a significant and methodical infrastructure on French soil: 139 mosques, 280 affiliated associations, and what the report calls a strategy of &#8220;entrism&#8221;&#8212;the quiet, patient infiltration of schools, local governments, and civic institutions. In December 2025, the French National Assembly registered its most comprehensive parliamentary investigation of Islamist political strategy in modern French history, documenting how Brotherhood-affiliated networks have penetrated municipal institutions and identifying specific elected officials who maintained documented relationships with Islamist organizations. In January 2026, the Assembly passed a resolution calling on the European Union to consider designating the Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist organization.</p><p>What France has done&#8212;belatedly, imperfectly, but unmistakably&#8212;is begin to call that manipulation by its right name. The September 2025 dissolution of the Institut Europ&#233;en des Sciences Humaines, a Brotherhood-linked imam training institute that had operated openly for three decades, was a significant step. The asset freeze on Humani&#8217;Terre was another. The indictments of February 20 are another still. Each action is overdue. None is sufficient on its own. The fight against Islamist networks and Muslim Brotherhood organizations in Europe is, ultimately, a matter of principle and of survival for its soul and principles.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Constitution palestinienne : ce que la France a choisi de ne pas voir]]></title><description><![CDATA[Tout a commenc&#233; par une lettre.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/constitution-palestinienne-ce-que</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/constitution-palestinienne-ce-que</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 09:06:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fvaC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2517bf7-cfd1-4d33-97b8-edaf0fcb2b50_1080x1350.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tout a commenc&#233; par une lettre. Le 9 juin 2025, Mahmoud Abbas &#233;crit &#224; Emmanuel Macron. Dans ce courrier, dont le contenu a &#233;t&#233; rendu public par le Quai d'Orsay et par l'&#201;lys&#233;e, le pr&#233;sident de l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne prend une s&#233;rie d'engagements solennels : condamnation du 7 octobre, soutien au d&#233;sarmement du Hamas, exclusion de ce dernier de toute gouvernance future, lutte contre les discours de haine, r&#233;forme en profondeur des institutions palestiniennes. Le 24 juillet, Macron r&#233;pond. Il publie sa lettre sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux. Il est &#171; honor&#233; &#187;, &#233;crit-il, des engagements pris. Et il annonce que la France reconna&#238;tra officiellement l'&#201;tat de Palestine en septembre &#224; l'ONU.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fvaC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2517bf7-cfd1-4d33-97b8-edaf0fcb2b50_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fvaC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2517bf7-cfd1-4d33-97b8-edaf0fcb2b50_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fvaC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, 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/__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2517bf7-cfd1-4d33-97b8-edaf0fcb2b50_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fvaC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2517bf7-cfd1-4d33-97b8-edaf0fcb2b50_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fvaC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2517bf7-cfd1-4d33-97b8-edaf0fcb2b50_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fvaC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2517bf7-cfd1-4d33-97b8-edaf0fcb2b50_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le 22 septembre, depuis la tribune de l'Assembl&#233;e g&#233;n&#233;rale des Nations Unies, Macron consacre la d&#233;cision. Il cite nomm&#233;ment les promesses d'Abbas. Il se porte garant : &#171; La France sera attentive &#224; la pleine mise en &#339;uvre de chacun des engagements pris aupr&#232;s d'elle. &#187; Ces mots signifient que la reconnaissance n'&#233;tait pas inconditionnelle. Elle &#233;tait li&#233;e &#224; des engagements pr&#233;cis, pris par &#233;crit. La r&#233;alit&#233; est pourtant que ces engagements n'ont pas &#233;t&#233; tenus. Pas un seul.</p><p>Le 11 novembre, Abbas est re&#231;u &#224; l'&#201;lys&#233;e. Premi&#232;re visite officielle depuis la reconnaissance. Macron le salue comme &#171; partenaire pour la paix &#187; et lui rend hommage pour son &#171; rejet constant du terrorisme &#187;. En &#233;change, de nouvelles promesses, les m&#234;mes que dans la lettre de juin, reformul&#233;es avec un peu plus de solennit&#233;. S'y ajoute un engagement spectaculaire : la fin d&#233;finitive du Pay for Slay, ce programme par lequel l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne verse des salaires mensuels aux terroristes emprisonn&#233;s et &#224; leurs familles. Abbas avait certes sign&#233; en f&#233;vrier un d&#233;cret pr&#233;tendant r&#233;former le syst&#232;me &#8212; les paiements n'&#233;tant plus calcul&#233;s selon la gravit&#233; des actes commis mais selon des crit&#232;res socio-&#233;conomiques. Le ministre Barrot avait d'ailleurs annonc&#233; en septembre que ce programme &#233;tait d&#233;sormais &#171; termin&#233; &#187;. Il avait fallu quelques semaines pour d&#233;couvrir que les paiements continuaient &#224; arriver aux m&#234;mes b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires, par les m&#234;mes canaux, sous une autre appellation. Le State Department am&#233;ricain l'a confirm&#233; : plus de 200 millions de dollars vers&#233;s en 2025, l'ann&#233;e m&#234;me o&#249; Abbas affirmait avoir mis fin au programme. Peu importe : Abbas promettra &#224; nouveau &#224; l'&#201;lys&#233;e. Et la France promettra en retour 100 millions d'euros d'aide, plus une assistance technique pour r&#233;diger la future constitution. Un comit&#233; conjoint franco-palestinien est annonc&#233; en grande pompe.</p><p>Le 10 f&#233;vrier 2026, la constitution est publi&#233;e.</p><p>Qu'y trouve-t-on ? &#192; l'article XXIV, l'&#201;tat palestinien se voit imposer l'obligation constitutionnelle de &#171; prot&#233;ger et prendre soin des familles des martyrs, des bless&#233;s et des prisonniers &#187;. Dans la terminologie de l'Autorit&#233; palestinienne, &#171; martyrs &#187; et &#171; prisonniers &#187; d&#233;signent les auteurs d'attentats terroristes contre des civils isra&#233;liens. Le Pay for Slay n'a pas &#233;t&#233; supprim&#233;. Il a &#233;t&#233; constitutionnalis&#233;, rendu quasiment irr&#233;vocable. Toute majorit&#233; future qui voudrait y mettre fin devra engager une r&#233;vision constitutionnelle soumise &#224; r&#233;f&#233;rendum. Abbas avait promis &#224; Macron d'y mettre fin. Il en a fait une obligation fondamentale de l'&#201;tat.</p><p>Ensuite, le constitutionnaliste Zaid Al-Ali, de l'Universit&#233; de Princeton, rel&#232;ve ce fait : dans les 162 articles du texte, le mot &#171; Juifs &#187; n'appara&#238;t pas une seule fois. Le mot &#171; Isra&#235;l &#187; non plus. Les Chr&#233;tiens sont mentionn&#233;s, leur statut est prot&#233;g&#233;. J&#233;rusalem est d&#233;sign&#233;e capitale palestinienne, avec ses dimensions islamique et chr&#233;tienne d&#251;ment reconnues. La pr&#233;sence juive mill&#233;naire dans cette ville ? Effac&#233;e. Le Mont du Temple, le Mur Occidental, la relation de trois mille ans entre le peuple juif et cette terre ? Absents du texte fondateur de l'&#201;tat que la France vient de reconna&#238;tre et de financer. L'article 4, lui, d&#233;signe la charia islamique comme source principale de la l&#233;gislation. Et le droit de retour, proclam&#233; inali&#233;nable, est formul&#233; de telle sorte &#8212; sans pr&#233;cision territoriale &#8212; que les juristes l'interpr&#232;tent comme visant un retour sur le territoire de l'&#201;tat d'Isra&#235;l lui-m&#234;me. Une formulation qui, appliqu&#233;e, rendrait impossible le maintien d'Isra&#235;l comme &#201;tat juif.</p><p>Mais il y a dans ce texte un m&#233;canisme encore plus profond, que l'on n'a pas encore suffisamment relev&#233;. Le pr&#233;ambule affirme, comme pr&#233;misse fondatrice et non comme all&#233;gation, que &#171; le g&#233;nocide continue dans la bande de Gaza et en Cisjordanie &#187;. Pas &#171; ce que certains appellent g&#233;nocide &#187;. Pas &#171; des actes susceptibles de constituer un g&#233;nocide &#187;. Pas &#171;&nbsp;la justice internationale tranchera&nbsp;&#187;. Le g&#233;nocide continue &#8212; pr&#233;sent de l'indicatif, fait constitutionnel &#233;tabli. L'article XXIV cr&#233;e alors une obligation d'&#201;tat : poursuivre &#171; les auteurs de ces crimes devant la justice &#187;. L'article 69 ferme toute sortie : ces crimes sont imprescriptibles et ne peuvent faire l'objet d'aucune gr&#226;ce ni d'aucune amnistie. Et l'article 156 interdit d'amender les dispositions relatives aux droits fondamentaux.</p><p>Suivons la logique jusqu'au bout. Si le g&#233;nocide est constitutionnellement en cours en Cisjordanie et &#224; Gaza, alors tout Palestinien dans ces territoires est victime d'un g&#233;nocide. L'&#201;tat a l'obligation permanente de poursuivre les responsables; c'est-&#224;-dire Isra&#235;l. Ces poursuites sont imprescriptibles. Elles ne peuvent &#234;tre graci&#233;es. Et l'ensemble du dispositif ne peut &#234;tre amend&#233;. Un dirigeant palestinien qui accepterait, dans le cadre d'un accord de paix, de renoncer &#224; ces poursuites violerait sa propre constitution. C'est un verrou juridique permanent sur toute architecture de paix possible. La France a contribu&#233; &#224; financer la r&#233;daction d'un document qui rend la paix constitutionnellement impossible.</p><p>Je ne suis pas na&#239;ve. Je sais que la diplomatie fonctionne souvent ainsi : on ferme les yeux sur ce qu'on ne veut pas voir, on accepte les promesses qu'on sait fragiles, on avance parce qu'on arrive &#224; faire bouger les choses. Il y a une logique dans cette approche. Elle a parfois fonctionn&#233; dans l'histoire. Mais pas ici. Pas avec cette Autorit&#233; palestinienne. Et le plus troublant, c'est que nous le savions.</p><p>Nous savions qu'Abbas gouverne sans &#233;lection depuis vingt et un ans &#8212; &#233;lu pour quatre ans en 2005, il n'a plus jamais organis&#233; de scrutin. Nous savions que le Pay for Slay avait surv&#233;cu &#224; chaque promesse de suppression des vingt derni&#232;res ann&#233;es. Nous savions que les manuels scolaires palestiniens enseignent la n&#233;gation d'Isra&#235;l et l'antis&#233;mitisme depuis des g&#233;n&#233;rations. Nous savions tout cela. Et la diplomatie fran&#231;aise a choisi de croire &#224; la lettre du 9 juin.</p><p>La solution &#224; deux &#201;tats est devenue un cat&#233;chisme &#8212; une formule qui dispense de penser. Et comme tout cat&#233;chisme, elle repose sur des postulats qu'on ne questionne plus. Le plus fondamental d'entre eux, jamais &#233;nonc&#233; explicitement, est que les deux parties veulent la m&#234;me chose : vivre c&#244;te &#224; c&#244;te, dans des fronti&#232;res reconnues, en paix. Que seuls des obstacles conjoncturels &#8212; la colonisation c&#244;t&#233; isra&#233;lien, la faiblesse institutionnelle c&#244;t&#233; palestinien &#8212; emp&#234;chent d'y arriver. Lever les obstacles, et la paix suit. Ce que cette constitution r&#233;v&#232;le, c'est que le postulat est faux. Ce n'est pas une question d'obstacles. C'est une question de finalit&#233;. La diplomatie fran&#231;aise a identifi&#233;, sur le terrain isra&#233;lien, tout ce qui m&#233;ritait d'&#234;tre critiqu&#233;.. Mais elle a refus&#233; de regarder l'autre c&#244;t&#233; avec la m&#234;me rigueur. Regarder Abbas non pas comme un partenaire contraint, un mod&#233;r&#233; imparfait qu'il faudrait soutenir faute de mieux, mais comme ce que vingt et un ans de gouvernance sans &#233;lection, de Pay for Slay maintenu et d&#233;sormais constitutionnalis&#233;, de manuels scolaires inchang&#233;s, de promesses de &#171;&nbsp;droit de retour&nbsp;&#187; et de la corruption nous disent qu'il est. Voir cela obligerait &#224; admettre que la solution &#224; deux &#201;tats, telle qu'elle est pens&#233;e, repose sur un partenaire qui n'en veut pas dans les termes o&#249; elle est formul&#233;e. C'est un effondrement intellectuel que personne n'est pr&#234;t &#224; assumer. Alors on continue. On encaisse les promesses rompues. On finance. Et on se tait. On fait comme si de rien n&#8217;&#233;tait.</p><p>Il y a dans cette s&#233;quence quelque chose qui ressemble moins &#224; de la na&#239;vet&#233; qu'&#224; une forme de capitulation confortable. Reconna&#238;tre la Palestine &#233;tait politiquement opportun et moralement satisfaisant. Les conditions pos&#233;es servaient de couverture : si &#231;a tourne mal, on pourra toujours dire qu'on avait exig&#233; des garanties. Mais au fond, la d&#233;cision &#233;tait prise avant la lettre. Abbas le savait. C'est pour &#231;a qu'il a &#233;crit.</p><p>La question qui se pose maintenant est simple : que fait la France ? Elle a accord&#233; une reconnaissance. Elle a promis 100 millions d'euros. Elle s'est pos&#233;e en garante de la bonne foi palestinienne devant le monde entier. Et les engagements sur la base desquels tout cela a &#233;t&#233; accord&#233; ont &#233;t&#233; trahis, article par article, dans un texte constitutionnel publi&#233; trois mois apr&#232;s la rencontre de l'&#201;lys&#233;e. Ce texte est encore soumis &#224; consultation publique. Mais un projet de constitution n'est pas un brouillon anonyme &#8212; c'est un programme. Et le silence du Quai d'Orsay depuis sa publication vaut d&#233;j&#224; r&#233;ponse. Pas la bonne.</p><p>Il ne s'agit pas de d&#233;fendre Isra&#235;l ou de condamner le peuple palestinien, dont les souffrances sont r&#233;elles. Il s'agit d'une exigence &#233;l&#233;mentaire de coh&#233;rence. Et d'un constat plus profond sur ce qu'on appelle poliment la bigotry of low expectations : l'id&#233;e implicite qu'on ne peut pas demander aux Palestiniens ce qu'on exigerait de n'importe quel autre interlocuteur. Ni sur le Pay for Slay. Ni sur l'&#233;ducation. Ni sur l'UNRWA. Cette indulgence condescendante ne fait pas avancer la paix. Elle ne fait pas avancer la vie des Palestiniens. Elle ne fait qu'ent&#233;riner un statu quo mortif&#232;re en le finan&#231;ant.</p><p>Nous n'avons rien appris. Voil&#224; ce que dit cette constitution.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Palestinian Constitution]]></title><description><![CDATA[It began, as these things often do, with a letter.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-palestinian-constitution</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-palestinian-constitution</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 16:24:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg" width="1290" height="1791" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1791,&quot;width&quot;:1290,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:0,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KdA!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F335c957a-cfd8-4fa5-917e-872f8165a59c_1290x1791.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>It began, as these things often do, with a letter.</p><p>On June 9, 2025, Mahmoud Abbas wrote to Emmanuel Macron. In it, the president of the Palestinian Authority offered solemn assurances: a condemnation of October 7, support for Hamas&#8217;s disarmament, the exclusion of Hamas from any future governance, a commitment to combat incitement, and a pledge to reform Palestinian institutions. Paris made the letter public. So did the &#201;lys&#233;e.</p><p>On July 24, Macron responded. He said he was &#8220;honored&#8221; by Abbas&#8217;s commitments. He announced that France would recognize the State of Palestine at the United Nations in September.</p><p>On September 22, from the podium of the U.N. General Assembly, Macron made good on that promise. He cited Abbas&#8217;s written guarantees and declared that France would be &#8220;attentive to the full implementation of each commitment made to it.&#8221; Recognition, he insisted, was not unconditional. It was tied to specific undertakings.</p><p>None of them were kept.</p><p>On November 11, Abbas was received at the &#201;lys&#233;e for his first official visit since recognition. Macron praised him as a &#8220;partner for peace&#8221; and commended his &#8220;consistent rejection of terrorism.&#8221; In return came more pledges&#8212;the same as in June, repackaged with added solemnity. One stood out: the definitive end of the so-called &#8220;Pay for Slay&#8221; program, under which the Palestinian Authority provides monthly stipends to imprisoned terrorists and the families of those killed while carrying out attacks against Israeli civilians.</p><p></p><p>In September, French Foreign Minister Jean-No&#235;l Barrot had triumphantly declared the program &#8220;finished.&#8221; Within weeks it became clear that the payments had simply been restructured and renamed. The money kept flowing.</p><p>Still, Abbas promised again. And France promised in return: &#8364;100 million in aid, plus technical assistance to draft the future Palestinian constitution. A joint Franco-Palestinian committee was announced with considerable fanfare.</p><p>On February 10, 2026, the Palestinian draft constitution was published.</p><p>Here is what it contains.</p><p>Article XXIV imposes a constitutional obligation on the Palestinian state to &#8220;protect and care for the families of the martyrs, the wounded, and the prisoners.&#8221; In the Palestinian Authority&#8217;s terminology, &#8220;martyrs&#8221; and &#8220;prisoners&#8221; include perpetrators of terrorist attacks against Israeli civilians. &#8220;Pay for Slay&#8221; has not been abolished. It has been constitutionalized. Any future government seeking to end it would need a constitutional amendment subject to referendum.</p><p>Abbas promised Macron he would dismantle the system. Instead, he enshrined it.</p><p>Then there is what the constitution does not say.</p><p>As constitutional scholar Zaid Al-Ali has noted, in its 162 articles the word &#8220;Jews&#8221; does not appear once. Nor does &#8220;Israel.&#8221; Christians are explicitly mentioned and protected. Jerusalem is designated the Palestinian capital, with its Islamic and Christian dimensions recognized. The millennia-old Jewish presence in the city&#8212;its holy sites, its history, its sacred geography&#8212;is absent. Article 4 designates Islamic sharia as &#8220;a principal source of legislation.&#8221; The &#8220;right of return&#8221; is declared inalienable, formulated without territorial limitation&#8212;widely interpreted to mean a return not only to a future Palestinian state, but to Israel itself, a demographic formula that would end Israel as a Jewish state.</p><p>But the most consequential provision lies deeper.</p><p>The preamble asserts, as a foundational premise&#8212;not as an allegation but as fact&#8212;that &#8220;the genocide continues in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.&#8221; Present tense. Constitutional truth. Article XXIV obligates the state to pursue &#8220;the perpetrators of these crimes before justice.&#8221; Article 69 declares such crimes imprescriptible and forbids pardon or amnesty. Article 156 bars amendment of fundamental rights provisions.</p><p>Follow the logic.</p><p>If genocide is constitutionally defined as ongoing in Gaza and the West Bank, then Israel is, by definition, a genocidal state. The Palestinian government is constitutionally required to pursue its leaders. Those claims cannot be time-barred. They cannot be forgiven. They cannot be amended away.</p><p>Any Palestinian leader who agreed, in the context of a peace deal, to waive such prosecutions would violate his own constitution.</p><p>This is not rhetoric. It is a permanent legal lock on any future peace architecture. France helped finance the drafting of a document that makes reconciliation constitutionally impossible.</p><p>Diplomacy often requires a suspension of disbelief. States accept fragile promises in the hope that movement creates momentum. Sometimes that gamble pays off. But not here. Not with this Palestinian Authority.</p><p>We knew who Abbas was. Elected in 2005 for a four-year term, he has now ruled for more than two decades without a national election. We knew that &#8220;Pay for Slay&#8221; had survived every reform pledge of the past twenty years. We knew that Palestinian textbooks routinely erase Israel and traffic in antisemitic tropes. None of this was secret.</p><p>And yet French diplomacy chose to believe the June 9 letter.</p><p>What happened here is less na&#239;vet&#233; than comfortable capitulation. Recognizing Palestine was politically expedient and morally flattering. The conditions provided plausible deniability: if things went wrong, Paris could say it had demanded guarantees. But the decision preceded the letter. Abbas understood that. That is why he wrote it.</p><p>So now what?</p><p>France has granted recognition. It has pledged &#8364;100 million. It publicly vouched for Palestinian good faith. And the commitments on which that recognition was based have been repudiated&#8212;line by line&#8212;in the very constitution France helped midwife.</p><p>The silence from the Quai d&#8217;Orsay since the document&#8217;s publication speaks volumes.</p><p>This is not about defending Israel or denying Palestinian suffering. Palestinian suffering is real. So is Israeli fear. This is about coherence&#8212;and about a habit of mind that might be called the bigotry of low expectations: the assumption that Palestinians cannot be held to the standards we would demand of any other national movement. Not on terrorism. Not on incitement. Not on UNRWA. Not on constitutional commitments.</p><p>That indulgence is not compassion. It is condescension. And it has not brought peace any closer. One can only hope that France and other nations are expressing their opposition clear at least privately. </p><p>If anything, this constitution would  entrench a status quo that rewards maximalism and punishes compromise&#8212;while Western governments congratulate themselves for their moral clarity.</p><p>That means we have learned nothing.</p><p>That is what this constitution says.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Fil rouge]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sur la mort de Quentin Deranque et sur ceux qui ne veulent pas entendre]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/fil-rouge</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/fil-rouge</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 17:28:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Sur la mort de Quentin Deranque et sur ceux qui ne veulent pas entendre</em></p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg" width="1290" height="700" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/df189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:700,&quot;width&quot;:1290,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:0,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dU_z!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf189272-1de7-4eff-ab2d-62fa09cbc526_1290x700.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Je sais que je ne devrais pas &#234;tre surprise. &#201;videmment que La France insoumise ne se remet pas en question. &#201;videmment les contre-accusations, le renversement m&#233;thodique de la culpabilit&#233;, la victimisation instantan&#233;e. Sur la violence, sur la responsabilit&#233;, car sur le communautarisme, sur l&#8217;islamisme, sur l&#8217;antis&#233;mitisme, on a la m&#234;me chose depuis des mois, depuis des ann&#233;es. La m&#234;me m&#233;canique, les m&#234;mes mots, le m&#234;me refus obstin&#233; de voir ce qui cr&#232;ve les yeux. Je le sais. Je connais la strat&#233;gie. J&#8217;en connais les ressorts, les objectifs, les effets calcul&#233;s.</p><p>Et pourtant. Chaque fois, quelque chose en moi refuse de s&#8217;y habituer. Quelque chose bute. Parce que je me dis &#8212; na&#239;vement, peut-&#234;tre &#8212; qu&#8217;il devrait bien y en avoir un, quelque part dans cette machine, <em>un seul</em>, qui &#224; un moment se dise : &#231;a va trop loin. Je porte une responsabilit&#233;. Je vais essayer d&#8217;&#233;couter les victimes. Pas un. Jamais.</p><p>Le 11 f&#233;vrier 2026, le groupe La France insoumise &#224; l&#8217;Assembl&#233;e nationale publie un communiqu&#233;. Il est toujours en ligne &#224; l&#8217;heure o&#249; j&#8217;&#233;cris ces lignes. LFI y exige du gouvernement qu&#8217;il &#171;&nbsp;abandonne sa proc&#233;dure de dissolution de la Jeune Garde&nbsp;&#187;, qualifi&#233;e d&#8217;outil &#171;&nbsp;essentiel&nbsp;&#187; de lutte contre l&#8217;extr&#234;me droite. Le lendemain, le 12 f&#233;vrier, des militants de cette m&#234;me Jeune Garde semblent &#234;tre responsables du lynchage d&#8217;un &#233;tudiant de 23 ans dans une rue du 7e arrondissement de Lyon.</p><p>Je voudrais que chacun rel&#251;t ce communiqu&#233;. Pour la gravit&#233; de ce qu&#8217;il r&#233;v&#232;le&nbsp;: un parti de gouvernement qui, la veille d&#8217;un meurtre, demande publiquement la protection du groupe qui semble &#234;tre impliqu&#233; dans le meurtre.</p><p>Il s&#8217;appelait Quentin Deranque. Il &#233;tudiait les math&#233;matiques &#224; Lyon 2. Il avait 23 ans. Le soir du 12 f&#233;vrier, il accompagnait des militantes du collectif N&#233;m&#233;sis &#8212; mouvement f&#233;ministe identitaire d&#8217;extr&#234;me droite &#8212; qui organisaient un rassemblement contre la venue de l&#8217;eurod&#233;put&#233;e LFI Rima Hassan &#224; Sciences Po Lyon. Quentin faisait apparemment partie du groupe d&#8217;hommes qui assurait leur protection. Selon les t&#233;moignages recueillis par l&#8217;enqu&#234;te et les images diffus&#233;es au journal de TF1, une quarantaine de militants arm&#233;s de gants coqu&#233;s et de lacrymos &#8212; affili&#233;s, selon N&#233;m&#233;sis et les premiers &#233;l&#233;ments de l&#8217;enqu&#234;te, &#224; la Jeune Garde de Lyon &#8212; les ont attaqu&#233;s. Quentin a &#233;t&#233; isol&#233; du groupe. La vid&#233;o amateur, insoutenable, montre trois hommes encercl&#233;s et rou&#233;s de coups. Deux parviennent &#224; fuir. Le troisi&#232;me reste &#224; terre, inanim&#233;. C&#8217;est Quentin. Frapp&#233; au sol, &#224; coups de pied au visage, par une dizaine d&#8217;individus cagoul&#233;s, il a &#233;t&#233; laiss&#233; l&#224;, sur le bitume, comme un d&#233;chet. Secouru une heure plus tard par les pompiers, quai Fulchiron, &#224; deux kilom&#232;tres de l&#224;. Il est mort le 14 f&#233;vrier d&#8217;une h&#233;morragie c&#233;r&#233;brale.</p><p>Le parquet de Lyon a ouvert une enqu&#234;te pour &#171;&nbsp;coups mortels aggrav&#233;s&nbsp;&#187; et identifi&#233; cinq &#224; six suspects, pour la plupart issus de la mouvance d&#8217;ultra-gauche. L&#8217;avocat de la famille, Me Fabien Rajon, parle d&#8217;un &#171;&nbsp;guet-apens m&#233;thodiquement pr&#233;par&#233;&nbsp;&#187; par des &#171;&nbsp;individus organis&#233;s et entra&#238;n&#233;s, en tr&#232;s large surnombre et arm&#233;s, ayant effectu&#233; des rep&#233;rages pr&#233;alables&nbsp;&#187;. La famille a appel&#233; &#171;&nbsp;au calme et &#224; la retenue&nbsp;&#187;. Elle demande justice.</p><p>La cha&#238;ne est l&#224;, sous nos yeux, et il suffit de tirer le fil. La Jeune Garde a &#233;t&#233; cofond&#233;e en 2018 &#224; Lyon par Rapha&#235;l Arnault. Triple fich&#233; S par la DGSI. Condamn&#233; d&#233;finitivement en d&#233;cembre 2025 pour violences volontaires en r&#233;union. &#201;lu d&#233;put&#233; LFI du Vaucluse en 2024. Son organisation, dissoute en conseil des ministres le 12 juin 2025 par Bruno Retailleau pour &#171;&nbsp;provocations r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es &#224; des agissements violents&nbsp;&#187;, n&#8217;a jamais cess&#233; d&#8217;exister. En janvier 2026, Arnault inaugurait un nouveau collectif &#8212; &#171;&nbsp;G&#233;n&#233;ration antifasciste &#8212; &#201;teignons la flamme&nbsp;&#187; &#8212; pour prendre la rel&#232;ve, avec le soutien direct du parti. Le collectif N&#233;m&#233;sis affirme avoir identifi&#233; parmi les agresseurs Jacques-&#201;lie Favrot, collaborateur parlementaire d&#8217;Arnault et cofondateur de la Jeune Garde. L&#8217;int&#233;ress&#233; d&#233;ment. L&#8217;enqu&#234;te tranchera. Mais les faits, eux, sont d&#233;j&#224; l&#224;. Un parti qui si&#232;ge &#224; l&#8217;Assembl&#233;e nationale, dont un d&#233;put&#233; a fond&#233; un groupe violent dissous par l&#8217;&#201;tat, dont un collaborateur parlementaire est accus&#233; d&#8217;avoir particip&#233; &#224; un lynchage mortel, le tout en marge d&#8217;un &#233;v&#233;nement organis&#233; par une autre &#233;lue du m&#234;me parti &#8212; et dont le groupe parlementaire, la veille du meurtre, demandait la protection de l&#8217;organisation qui allait le commettre.</p><p>En avril 2025, Jean-Luc M&#233;lenchon d&#233;clarait en meeting&nbsp;: &#171;&nbsp;J&#8217;appelle tous mes camarades Insoumis &#224; se grouper derri&#232;re la banni&#232;re de la Jeune Garde. J&#8217;en parle avec passion car ce sont mes jeunes camarades.&nbsp;&#187; Il faudrait relire cette phrase, elle aussi, lentement. <em>Mes jeunes camarades.</em> Le chef du quatri&#232;me parti de France qui, devant des milliers de personnes, appelle &#224; rejoindre un groupe fond&#233; par un triple fich&#233; S, condamn&#233; pour violences, et dont la dissolution &#233;tait d&#233;j&#224; en cours. C&#8217;est un choix. Un choix m&#251;rement r&#233;fl&#233;chi, r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;, assum&#233;.</p><p>Dimanche 15 f&#233;vrier, meeting &#224; Montpellier. M&#233;lenchon prend la parole. Une heure. Il commence par quelques secondes d&#8217;&#171;&nbsp;empathie&nbsp;&#187; et de &#171;&nbsp;compassion&nbsp;&#187; &#8212; il ne nomme pas Quentin &#8212; puis bascule. &#171;&nbsp;C&#8217;est nous qui sommes agress&#233;s. Nous n&#8217;avons rien &#224; voir avec cette histoire. Tous ceux qui affirment le contraire sont des calomniateurs&nbsp;!&nbsp;&#187; La m&#233;canique est rod&#233;e. Je la connais. Vous la connaissez. Il ne condamne jamais sans se victimiser dans la m&#234;me phrase. Il ne reconna&#238;t jamais sans accuser. La mort d&#8217;un gar&#231;on de 23 ans devient, dans son r&#233;cit, une op&#233;ration de &#171;&nbsp;calomnie&nbsp;&#187; contre La France insoumise. Les permanences vandalis&#233;es &#8212; faits &#233;videmment condamnables &#8212; deviennent la preuve que le vrai agress&#233;, c&#8217;est lui. Le mort dispara&#238;t derri&#232;re le martyre du tribun.</p><p>Mais il faut nommer la strat&#233;gie pour ce qu&#8217;elle est. La victimisation, chez M&#233;lenchon, n&#8217;est pas un r&#233;flexe&nbsp;: c&#8217;est une arme. Se d&#233;clarer victime sert &#224; d&#233;signer le prochain agresseur. <em>C&#8217;est parce qu&#8217;on nous attaque que nous devons frapper.</em> C&#8217;est la logique de la brutalisation&nbsp;: installer un climat de guerre civile permanente, un r&#233;cit dans lequel chaque citoyen doit choisir son camp, et o&#249; quiconque ne choisit pas le bon devient un ennemi existentiel. La violence n&#8217;est pas un accident de cette rh&#233;torique. Elle en est le produit attendu, et peut-&#234;tre l&#8217;objectif.</p><p>Car la brutalisation, chez LFI, ne sert pas seulement &#224; mobiliser sa base. Elle sert &#224; faire monter la temp&#233;rature. &#192; rendre tout dialogue impossible. &#192; pousser l&#8217;adversaire &#224; la radicalisation pour mieux le d&#233;noncer ensuite. Et, in fine, &#224; faire monter le Rassemblement national &#8212; parce que M&#233;lenchon a besoin du RN comme il a besoin d&#8217;oxyg&#232;ne&nbsp;: sans l&#8217;extr&#234;me droite, son r&#233;cit s&#8217;effondre, sa l&#233;gitimit&#233; dispara&#238;t, sa strat&#233;gie de tension n&#8217;a plus de carburant. C&#8217;est aussi pour cette raison qu&#8217;il a fait de la question palestinienne l&#8217;alpha et l&#8217;om&#233;ga de sa politique&nbsp;: non par conviction sinc&#232;re &#8212; o&#249; &#233;tait-il quand les Palestiniens de Gaza &#233;taient tu&#233;s en Syrie ou &#224; Gaza par le Hamas&nbsp;? &#8212; mais parce qu&#8217;il sait que ce sujet est explosif, qu&#8217;il d&#233;chire, qu&#8217;il polarise, qu&#8217;il rapporte des voix dans certaines circonscriptions et qu&#8217;il permet surtout de faire monter la temp&#233;rature.</p><p>&#199;a fait des ann&#233;es qu&#8217;on le sait. Des ann&#233;es qu&#8217;on parle d&#8217;&#171;&nbsp;importation du conflit&nbsp;&#187;. Des Juifs ont &#233;t&#233; tu&#233;s, bless&#233;s, agress&#233;s en France au nom de la Palestine &#8212; Ilan Halimi, les victimes de Merah, celles de l&#8217;Hyper Cacher. On leur a dit. On les a suppli&#233;s. Arr&#234;tez. Vous jouez avec le feu. Mais non. Ils continuent. Ils inversent. Ils accusent. Ils d&#233;shumanisent.</p><p>Et la preuve, la voici, toute fra&#238;che, sous nos yeux. Ces derniers jours encore &#8212; ces derniers jours, alors qu&#8217;un gar&#231;on de 23 ans vient d&#8217;&#234;tre tu&#233; par leurs militants &#8212; M&#233;lenchon et Mathilde Panot ont d&#233;sign&#233; le collectif &#171;&nbsp;Nous Vivrons&nbsp;&#187;, collectif juif qui rassemble des citoyens de tous bords autour de la lutte contre l&#8217;antis&#233;mitisme, comme un mouvement &#171;&nbsp;d&#8217;extr&#234;me droite&nbsp;&#187;. Toujours le m&#234;me proc&#233;d&#233;. Des Juifs qui refusent de se taire&nbsp;? Extr&#234;me droite. Des f&#233;ministes qui contestent leur ligne&nbsp;? Fascistes. Des citoyens qui manifestent&nbsp;? Cibles l&#233;gitimes. L&#8217;&#233;tiquette change parfois &#8212; &#171;&nbsp;sionistes&nbsp;&#187;, &#171;&nbsp;soutiens au g&#233;nocide&nbsp;&#187;, &#171;&nbsp;r&#233;actionnaires&nbsp;&#187; &#8212; mais la fonction est toujours la m&#234;me&nbsp;: d&#233;shumaniser l&#8217;autre pour rendre acceptable la violence qu&#8217;on lui inflige.</p><p>Je ne sais pas qui &#233;tait Quentin Deranque dans l&#8217;intimit&#233; de ses convictions. Je ne sais pas s&#8217;il &#233;tait d&#8217;extr&#234;me droite. Je n&#8217;en sais rien, et je n&#8217;ai pas besoin de le savoir. Parce que l&#224; n&#8217;est pas la question. La question, c&#8217;est qu&#8217;un syst&#232;me id&#233;ologique a d&#233;cid&#233; qu&#8217;il &#233;tait un ennemi. Et que, pour ce syst&#232;me, <em>tout le monde</em> est un ennemi potentiel. L&#8217;extr&#234;me droite est l&#8217;ennemi bien s&#251;r. Mais les Juifs de &#171;&nbsp;Nous Vivrons&nbsp;&#187; sont aussi des ennemis. Les journalistes qui posent des questions sont des ennemis. Les &#233;lus de gauche qui refusent l&#8217;alignement sont des ennemis. Quand le p&#233;rim&#232;tre du &#171;&nbsp;fascisme&nbsp;&#187; s&#8217;&#233;tend &#224; l&#8217;infini, la question n&#8217;est plus de savoir qui est le prochain &#171;&nbsp;fasciste&nbsp;&#187; d&#233;sign&#233;. La question est de savoir qui sera le prochain Quentin.</p><p>Le mot &#171;&nbsp;fasciste&nbsp;&#187;, dans le vocabulaire de l&#8217;ultra-gauche, n&#8217;est pas un qualificatif politique. C&#8217;est une d&#233;signation de cible. Quand vous &#234;tes &#233;tiquet&#233; &#171;&nbsp;fasciste&nbsp;&#187;, vous n&#8217;&#234;tes plus un adversaire avec qui l&#8217;on d&#233;bat. Vous &#234;tes un ennemi que l&#8217;on combat. Physiquement. Et La France insoumise, depuis des ann&#233;es, &#233;largit cette &#233;tiquette &#224; quiconque ne partage pas sa grille de lecture, jusqu&#8217;&#224; ce que le p&#233;rim&#232;tre du &#171;&nbsp;fascisme&nbsp;&#187; englobe &#224; peu pr&#232;s tout le monde.</p><p>Quentin Deranque accompagnait des femmes qui exer&#231;aient leur droit de manifester. Dans l&#8217;&#339;il de ses agresseurs, c&#8217;&#233;tait suffisant. Il &#233;tait &#171;&nbsp;fasciste&nbsp;&#187;. Donc une cible l&#233;gitime. Donc &#233;liminable.</p><p>Je pense aux Juifs de France, parce que la m&#233;canique est la m&#234;me et qu&#8217;elle fonctionne depuis plus longtemps. Nous vivons une situation o&#249; des jeunes Juifs &#8212; qui viennent presque tous de la gauche, qui ne sont certainement pas d&#8217;extr&#234;me droite &#8212; se font qualifier de &#171;&nbsp;soutiens au g&#233;nocide&nbsp;&#187; d&#232;s qu&#8217;ils expriment un lien avec Isra&#235;l, d&#232;s qu&#8217;ils refusent le discours de La France insoumise, ou parfois simplement parce qu&#8217;ils sont juifs. En novembre 2023, des &#233;tudiants juifs de Sciences Po Paris se sont fait bloquer l&#8217;entr&#233;e de leur propre &#233;cole par des militants qui scandaient &#171;&nbsp;complices de g&#233;nocide&nbsp;&#187;. En mars 2024, le syndicat &#233;tudiant soutenu par LFI organisait des &#171;&nbsp;tribunaux&nbsp;&#187; pour d&#233;signer les enseignants &#171;&nbsp;sionistes&nbsp;&#187;. 92&nbsp;% des Juifs de France consid&#232;rent LFI comme le premier responsable de la mont&#233;e de l&#8217;antis&#233;mitisme. Quatre-vingt-douze pour cent. Ce chiffre, &#224; lui seul, devrait provoquer un s&#233;isme dans n&#8217;importe quel parti politique d&#233;mocratique. Chez LFI, il ne provoque rien. Pas un doute. Pas une question. Pas un silence, m&#234;me. Juste le m&#234;me r&#233;flexe&nbsp;:</p><p><em>ce sont eux qui nous calomnient.</em></p><p>Comme ils n&#8217;ont pas voulu &#233;couter les Juifs, ils ne veulent pas &#233;couter les citoyens qui leur disent qu&#8217;ils jouent avec le feu. Tous ceux qui contestent le discours de LFI sur l&#8217;islamisme, le communautarisme, le conflit isra&#233;lo-palestinien sont automatiquement &#171;&nbsp;fascistes&nbsp;&#187;, &#171;&nbsp;racistes&nbsp;&#187;, &#171;&nbsp;islamophobes&nbsp;&#187;, &#171;&nbsp;soutiens au g&#233;nocide&nbsp;&#187;. Le m&#233;canisme ne varie jamais.</p><p>Par honn&#234;tet&#233;, il faut dire aussi ceci&nbsp;: l&#8217;extr&#234;me droite n&#8217;est pas &#233;trang&#232;re &#224; la spirale de violence qui gangr&#232;ne Lyon depuis une d&#233;cennie. Les rixes entre groupes identitaires et militants d&#8217;ultra-gauche y sont r&#233;currentes, document&#233;es, et aucun des deux camps ne peut pr&#233;tendre &#224; l&#8217;innocence. N&#233;m&#233;sis, le collectif que Quentin accompagnait ce soir-l&#224;, se pr&#233;sente comme f&#233;ministe, mais c&#8217;est aussi un mouvement identitaire dont le discours emprunte largement &#224; l&#8217;id&#233;ologie ethno-diff&#233;rentialiste de l&#8217;extr&#234;me droite radicale. Cette proximit&#233; expose concr&#232;tement de jeunes militants &#224; un engrenage dont ils ne mesurent pas toujours le danger.</p><p>Audace Lyon, le groupe qui revendique Quentin comme &#171;&nbsp;camarade&nbsp;&#187;, est une &#233;manation directe du Bastion Social, lui-m&#234;me issu du GUD &#8212; c&#8217;est-&#224;-dire de ce que l&#8217;extr&#234;me droite fran&#231;aise a produit de plus violent depuis quarante ans. Son communiqu&#233; parle d&#8217;&#171;&nbsp;autod&#233;fense sur le terrain&nbsp;&#187; et appelle &#224; ce que Quentin &#171;&nbsp;ne soit pas mort en vain&nbsp;&#187;&nbsp;; ce n&#8217;est pas le langage du deuil, c&#8217;est celui qui pr&#233;pare les prochaines violences. L&#8217;instrumentalisation de ce mort par les groupuscules identitaires est le miroir exact de celle que M&#233;lenchon op&#232;re depuis Montpellier&nbsp;: des deux c&#244;t&#233;s, le sang vers&#233; ne sert pas la justice, il sert la mobilisation.</p><p>Mais cette r&#233;alit&#233; &#8212; que personne ne conteste &#8212; ne d&#233;douane en rien La France insoumise. Quand l&#8217;extr&#234;me droite commet des violences, elle est unanimement condamn&#233;e&nbsp;: par les m&#233;dias, par la justice, par l&#8217;opinion. Personne ne demande &#224; l&#8217;Assembl&#233;e nationale d&#8217;annuler la dissolution de ses groupes. Le sujet, c&#8217;est un parti qui pr&#233;tend gouverner la France et qui entretient des liens organiques avec des milices violentes. Un parti dont la rh&#233;torique transforme syst&#233;matiquement l&#8217;adversaire en ennemi existentiel. Et qui, quand le sang coule, se d&#233;clare victime.</p><p>Je m&#8217;adresse maintenant au Parti socialiste. &#192; Europe &#201;cologie-Les Verts. Aux communistes. &#192; tous ceux qui continuent de si&#233;ger avec LFI, de n&#233;gocier avec LFI, de m&#233;nager LFI.</p><p>En juin 2024, vous avez accept&#233; la candidature de Rapha&#235;l Arnault sous la banni&#232;re du Nouveau Front populaire. Un homme triple fich&#233; S, fondateur d&#8217;un groupe violent. Vous l&#8217;avez fait &#233;lire d&#233;put&#233; de la R&#233;publique. Quand ses liens avec la violence ont &#233;t&#233; document&#233;s, vous avez d&#233;tourn&#233; le regard. Quand la Jeune Garde a &#233;t&#233; dissoute, vous n&#8217;avez rien dit. Quand LFI a demand&#233; l&#8217;annulation de cette dissolution, vous vous &#234;tes tus. Votre silence est une forme de complicit&#233; &#8212; pas juridique, morale. Chaque fois que vous d&#233;tournez le regard pour pr&#233;server une alliance &#233;lectorale, vous donnez &#224; M&#233;lenchon le message qu&#8217;il peut continuer. Que le prix &#224; payer est supportable. Qu&#8217;un mort de 23 ans ne changera rien &#224; l&#8217;&#233;quation.</p><p>Ce qui manque &#224; la France, ce n&#8217;est pas plus d&#8217;extr&#233;misme. Ce n&#8217;est m&#234;me pas plus de &#171;&nbsp;raison&nbsp;&#187; &#8212; la raison, tout le monde s&#8217;en r&#233;clame, y compris ceux qui vous fracassent le cr&#226;ne au nom de l&#8217;&#171;&nbsp;antifascisme&nbsp;&#187;. Ce qui manque, c&#8217;est le courage d&#8217;&#233;couter. &#201;couter les Juifs de France qui disent qu&#8217;ils ont peur, et qu&#8217;on renvoie &#224; leur &#171;&nbsp;communautarisme&nbsp;&#187;. &#201;couter les citoyens qui disent que LFI joue avec le feu, et qu&#8217;on traite de &#171;&nbsp;r&#233;actionnaires&nbsp;&#187;. &#201;couter la famille de Quentin Deranque, qui appelle au calme alors qu&#8217;on vient de lui prendre son fils, et qui ne demande qu&#8217;une chose&nbsp;: la justice.</p><p>Tant qu&#8217;il n&#8217;y aura pas de remise en question &#8212; pas un mot, pas un geste, pas un seul &#8212;, le sang risque de continuer &#224; couler.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A 23-Year-Old Was Beaten to Death in the Streets of Lyon by the far left. France Should Be Paying Attention.]]></title><description><![CDATA[On the evening of February 12, 2026, a 23-year-old math student named Quentin Deranque was chased through the streets of Lyon, France&#8217;s third-largest city, by a group of masked men wearing reinforced gloves and carrying tear gas.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/a-23-year-old-was-beaten-to-death</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/a-23-year-old-was-beaten-to-death</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 16 Feb 2026 16:20:23 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On the evening of February 12, 2026, a 23-year-old math student named Quentin Deranque was chased through the streets of Lyon, France&#8217;s third-largest city, by a group of masked men wearing reinforced gloves and carrying tear gas. They caught him on a side street in the 7th arrondissement. They knocked him to the ground. Then, while he lay on the pavement, they kicked him in the head &#8212; over and over &#8212; and left him for dead.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg" width="1290" height="700" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:700,&quot;width&quot;:1290,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:0,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L8uC!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4b2f70-16ea-43a3-85b2-ec76292a2679_1290x700.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>An amateur video, later broadcast on France&#8217;s most-watched evening newscast, shows three young men surrounded and beaten by roughly ten attackers. Two manage to escape. The third stays on the ground, motionless. That&#8217;s Quentin.</p><p>Paramedics found him an hour later, a mile and a half away. He died two days later of a brain hemorrhage. He was 23.</p><p>That evening, Rima Hassan &#8212; a member of the European Parliament from the hard-left party La France Insoumise (LFI), essentially France&#8217;s answer to the Squad, but considerably more radical &#8212; was giving a lecture at Sciences Po Lyon, one of France&#8217;s elite political science universities. A small group of women from N&#233;m&#233;sis, a far-right feminist collective, had gathered outside to protest. Quentin was part of a group of young men providing security for the women.</p><p>According to multiple witnesses, investigators, and the video evidence, approximately forty militants affiliated with La Jeune Garde &#8212; an &#8220;antifascist&#8221; group &#8212; attacked them. The Lyon prosecutor&#8217;s office has now identified five to six suspects, most from the far-left milieu. The family&#8217;s lawyer calls it a premeditated ambush carried out by &#8220;organized, trained individuals, vastly outnumbering their targets, armed, some with their faces hidden, who had conducted prior reconnaissance.&#8221;</p><p>The family has called for &#8220;calm and restraint.&#8221; They have also called it a &#8220;crime.&#8221;</p><p>Here is where the story gets damning.</p><p>La Jeune Garde was co-founded in 2018 in Lyon by Rapha&#235;l Arnault. Arnault is flagged three times on France&#8217;s equivalent of a terror watchlist. He was convicted in December 2025 of group assault. And yet, in 2024, he was elected to France&#8217;s National Assembly &#8212; as a member of LFI, the far left party led by Jean-Luc M&#233;lenchon.</p><p>La Jeune Garde was dissolved by the French government in June 2025 for what the official decree called &#8220;repeated incitement to violent acts.&#8221; But Arnault challenged the dissolution in court, and because France&#8217;s highest administrative court hadn&#8217;t yet ruled, the group never actually stopped operating. The feminist collective N&#233;m&#233;sis says it has identified one of Quentin&#8217;s attackers as Jacques-&#201;lie Favrot &#8212; Arnault&#8217;s parliamentary aide and a co-founder of La Jeune Garde. Favrot denies involvement through his lawyer. The investigation will determine the truth.</p><p>So follow the thread: LFI has a sitting member of parliament who founded a violent group that the state dissolved. That member&#8217;s parliamentary aide stands accused of participating in a fatal beating. The beating took place in the margins of an event organized by another LFI official.</p><p>It gets worse. The day before Quentin was killed &#8212; on February 11 &#8212; LFI&#8217;s parliamentary group published a statement, still online, demanding the government &#8220;abandon its dissolution proceedings&#8221; against La Jeune Garde, calling the group an &#8220;essential&#8221; tool in the fight against the far right. In April 2025, M&#233;lenchon himself declared at a rally: &#8220;I call on all my Insoumis comrades to rally behind the banner of La Jeune Garde. I speak about them with passion because they are my young comrades.&#8221; In January 2026, Arnault inaugurated a successor organization &#8212; &#8220;G&#233;n&#233;ration Antifasciste&#8221; &#8212; with the direct backing of LFI.</p><p>To understand this story fully, you need to understand Jean-Luc M&#233;lenchon &#8212; and you need to understand that none of this is accidental.</p><p>M&#233;lenchon is not a standard European social democrat who occasionally goes too far. He is a former Trotskyist who has spent decades refining a strategy of deliberate polarization. His method is to identify the issues that fracture French society most violently &#8212; and then to drive a truck through the fault lines.</p><p>Since 2023, he has made the Palestinian cause and a kind of performative flirtation with antisemitic tropes the backbone of his political strategy. This is not an observation made only by his right-wing critics. M&#233;lenchon refused to call Hamas&#8217;s October 7 attack &#8220;terrorism.&#8221; He has compared Gaza to the Warsaw Ghetto. His party&#8217;s rhetoric has contributed towards an atmosphere of insecurity for French Jews. He chose it, because the issue is inflammable, because it mobilizes his base among young voters of North African descent, and because it generates exactly the kind of confrontation he thrives on.</p><p>His deeper calculus, long theorized by French political analysts, is this: push the country so far toward polarization that Marine Le Pen&#8217;s National Rally wins &#8212; at which point LFI becomes the leading opposition party, M&#233;lenchon becomes the alternative to fascism, and the conditions for revolutionary upheaval are met. He doesn&#8217;t want to govern within the system. He wants to break it.</p><p>That strategy has a body count now.</p><p>On Sunday, February 15 &#8212; the day after Quentin&#8217;s death was announced &#8212; M&#233;lenchon took the stage at a campaign rally in Montpellier. He expressed &#8220;empathy&#8221; and &#8220;compassion&#8221; for the family. Then he spent most of his hour-long address reversing the accusation.</p><p>&#8220;It&#8217;s us who are being attacked,&#8221; he declared. &#8220;We have nothing to do with this. Anyone who says otherwise is a slanderer!&#8221;</p><p>This is classic M&#233;lenchon. He never condemns without making himself the victim in the same breath. Quentin&#8217;s death, in his telling, became a smear campaign against LFI. The vandalized LFI offices across France &#8212; which are, to be clear, wrong &#8212; became proof that the real target was him. The dead 23-year-old disappeared behind the tribulations of the &#8220;victim&#8221;.</p><p>But here&#8217;s what elevates this beyond a single killing into something genuinely alarming for French democracy.</p><p>On the far left, a concept has been rising for years: &#8220;self-defense.&#8221; Not self-defense in the legal sense &#8212; the right to protect yourself when attacked. Something far more radical. Manuel Bompard, LFI&#8217;s national coordinator (essentially the party&#8217;s chief operating officer), has publicly cited antifa groups as a model for this concept. As theorized by the antifa movement, &#8220;self-defense&#8221; means building parallel structures capable of replacing the police &#8212; to defend militants against their political opponents and, ultimately, against the institutions of the state itself.</p><p>This is, at its core, a revolutionary concept. It rejects the state&#8217;s monopoly on legitimate force. When a sitting member of parliament validates it publicly, a line is crossed.</p><p>And the infrastructure is real. French intelligence services estimate that at least 3,500 individuals in the far-left ecosystem are flagged on France&#8217;s terror watchlist &#8212; compared to roughly 1,500 on the far right. Between 15,000 and 20,000 individuals in the far-left milieu are considered to present &#8220;concerning profiles.&#8221; The second difference is structural: the far left is far more organized than the far right, with a unified doctrine, training logistics, and operational capacity that far-right groups lack. And unlike the mainstream right, which has maintained a firm cordon sanitaire with extremist groups since the 1990s, the mainstream left &#8212; and LFI in particular &#8212; has never clearly severed the link.</p><p>This ecosystem has also been expanding. In recent years, antifa groups have theorized the need to broaden the definition of &#8220;fascism&#8221; by absorbing every intersectional cause. There are now trans antifa movements, queer antifa movements &#8212; often among the most radical &#8212; and, above all, a progressive fusion between antifascism and the Palestinian cause. The result is a sprawling coalition united not by a coherent political program but by a shared enemy: anyone the movement designates as &#8220;fascist.&#8221; And the designation keeps expanding.</p><p>Honesty requires widening the frame. If the far left killed Quentin, the far right is not blameless in the spiral of violence that has been consuming Lyon for a decade.</p><p>Audace Lyon, the group that claims Quentin as a &#8220;comrade&#8221; in an Instagram post, is a direct successor of the Bastion Social, itself an offshoot of the GUD &#8212; one of the most violent neo-fascist organizations in modern French history. The Bastion Social was founded in Lyon in 2017 by a former GUD leader and dissolved in 2019 after its members carried out racist assaults in cities across France. The day it was dissolved, it reconstituted itself under two new names: Audace Lyon, led by a former Bastion treasurer once photographed giving a Nazi salute, and Lyon Populaire, led by another Bastion cadre. Lyon Populaire was itself dissolved in June 2025 &#8212; on the same day as La Jeune Garde. G&#233;n&#233;ration Identitaire, dissolved in 2021, spawned Les Remparts, dissolved in 2024. The lineage is unbroken.</p><p>The documented record of far-right violence in Lyon is extensive: an attack on an anarchist bookstore by dozens of militants, assaults on Moroccan soccer fans to chants of &#8220;White Power,&#8221; racist raids, an attack on a Palestine conference that left seven people injured, members convicted for stabbing people. Lyon is, by one media tally, the French city with the most far-right violence &#8212; by a wide margin.</p><p>Audace Lyon&#8217;s statement after Quentin&#8217;s death speaks of &#8220;self-defense in the field&#8221; and calls on militants to ensure that Quentin &#8220;did not die in vain.&#8221; That is not the language of grief. It is the language that prepares the next round of violence.</p><p>But &#8212; and this is one of the most important things to say clearly &#8212; the two sides are not symmetrical. The far right in France, however vile its ideology, remains less organized, less numerous, less operationally capable, and more isolated from mainstream politics than the far left. The right-wing parties have, since the 1990s, maintained a firm boundary with these groups. LFI has done the opposite. It has embraced its violent fringe, funded it, elected its leaders, defended it in parliament, and called its militants &#8220;comrades.&#8221; That asymmetry matters &#8212; not because it excuses far-right violence, but because it explains why the far-left variety has proven deadlier.</p><p>And this is the lethal mechanism France must now confront.</p><p>Each side uses the other&#8217;s violence to justify its own. La Jeune Garde claims to fight fascism with fists. Audace Lyon claims to protect its own through force. And between them, a 23-year-old math student who sang in his parish choir is dead, his skull cracked on a Lyon sidewalk.</p><p>If the judicial response to Quentin&#8217;s death proves inadequate, these radical logics &#8212; on both sides &#8212; risk taking over. And what comes next will not be a street fight. It will be something worse.</p><p>Dissolutions solves little. La Jeune Garde was in the process of being dissolved. G&#233;n&#233;ration Identitaire was dissolved and spawned Les Remparts. The Bastion Social was dissolved and spawned Audace Lyon and Lyon Populaire. Same militants, same methods, new names. As long as the ideological soil that feeds these groups is not drained, administrative dissolutions are bandages on an open wound.</p><p>What France now needs is more reason and more firmness.</p><p>That means demanding accountability &#8212; from LFI, from Rapha&#235;l Arnault, from M&#233;lenchon himself, and from everyone who allowed these militias to operate with impunity.</p><p>That means, for France&#8217;s mainstream parties &#8212; and particularly on the left &#8212; ceasing to treat far-left violence as a tolerable fringe phenomenon, or worse, a defensible one in the name of &#8220;antifascism.&#8221; A young man is dead. Complicity has a price. There should be no alliance with a party that has placed itself outside the republican order.</p><p>And it means refusing to turn the far right into martyrs, because they are neither innocent nor noble. Outrage over one murder does not redeem an ideology.</p><p>This is the radical reasonableness France needs &#8212; the kind that speaks truth, is uncompromising and tough without cowardice or calculation.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[To American Jews: Stand Upright]]></title><description><![CDATA[It was the early 2000s.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/to-american-jews-stand-upright</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/to-american-jews-stand-upright</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 15:10:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7rpi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16a27094-44e4-47ab-8e7d-734e7202901f_1290x844.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It was the early 2000s. French Jews were already grieving&#8212;quietly, in shock, in ways the country barely noticed. Synagogues were attacked. Jewish children were assaulted on their way to school. Anti-Zionism was hiding behind something older and very familiar.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7rpi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16a27094-44e4-47ab-8e7d-734e7202901f_1290x844.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7rpi!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16a27094-44e4-47ab-8e7d-734e7202901f_1290x844.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7rpi!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, 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15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>And France, as it often does, was busy explaining why none of this really meant what it seemed to mean. The attackers were disaffected youth. The violence was socioeconomic. The Jews were overreacting&#8212;it was just &#8220;hooliganism.&#8221;</p><p>David Harris, then leading the American Jewish Committee, arrived in Paris with senior figures of the organization. They met President Jacques Chirac, who tried to convince them there was no problem. When Chirac insisted there was no antisemitism in France, David listed incidents. He named names. He asked questions that had no comfortable answers.</p><p>But what stayed with me most was not his diplomacy or his access. It was his posture and most of all his message to French Jews.</p><p>He urged us to speak louder. To stop shrinking ourselves for the comfort of others. To stop treating Zionism as a guilty secret. He insisted that one could be fully French and unapologetically Jewish&#8212;attached to Israel, if that is how one felt&#8212;without being disloyal to the Republic.</p><p>What he was really telling us: Jewish dignity is not granted by majorities. It is claimed by minorities who refuse to internalize suspicion.</p><p>At the time, this sounded too American. We French Jews were trained in a different grammar&#8212;one that kept Jewish identity in the private sphere and considered self-assertion a vulgarity.  David&#8217;s message assumed something scandalous: that Jews had the right to take up space.</p><p>It was one of the reasons I joined AJC, where I spent fifteen years living that message&#8212;naming threats when they were still deniable, refusing the comfort of euphemism, affirming my particularity without betraying my universalism. What I found there was a rare coherence between what we said publicly and what we believed privately. Most people in institutional life learn to separate private assessments from public positions. Over time, the gap becomes so familiar they forget there was ever a difference.</p><p>In January 2015, Paris was attacked twice in three days. Charlie Hebdo, then the Hyper Cacher. Seventeen dead, including four Jews who had gone to buy groceries before Shabbat.</p><p>American Jewish observers were decisive: European Jewry was finished. This was a European problem&#8212;colonial history, Muslim immigration, ancient antisemitic soil. America was different.</p><p>I did not share that confidence.</p><p>I argued that what was happening in Europe was a preview. In a globalized world, it would not stay contained. The forces driving European antisemitism were already present in America, building quietly. American Jews who watched us with pity rather than recognition were making a dangerous mistake.</p><p>The response was polite dismissal. &#8220;America is different. Our institutions are stronger. It can&#8217;t happen here.&#8221;</p><p>I said it in conference rooms and in articles. I said it to Jewish leaders who preferred to focus on the far right alone&#8212;a threat that was real but familiar, and that had the advantage of not requiring anyone to alienate progressive allies. I warned that campus radicalization was a leading indicator. That &#8220;anti-Zionism&#8221; was being cultivated as a permission structure. That Qatari money was flooding universities with strategic patience. That Brotherhood-affiliated organizations were embedding themselves in progressive spaces, waiting.</p><p>I do not say this to claim vindication. I say it because what is coming next will be worse.</p><p>October 7 should have been a rupture. For some, it was. But too many continue playing by the old rules.</p><p>I watch leaders dance around Qatar, careful not to offend a &#8220;complex regional player.&#8221; I watch them unable to say &#8220;Muslim Brotherhood&#8221; without immediately hedging&#8212;the reflexive throat-clearing about &#8220;partners&#8221; and &#8220;engagement.&#8221;</p><p>I recognize what I am seeing. It is the same hesitation we were taught to overcome. A fear of displeasing. A fear of making enemies. Of seeming loud.</p><p>The liberal understanding of antisemitism is that it is a prejudice&#8212;rooted in ignorance, susceptible to education. Build coalitions. Prejudice will fade.</p><p>This view makes a fatal error: it treats antisemitism as an educational problem when it is a political one. Antisemitism is not a feeling. It is a worldview&#8212;a way of explaining power and misfortune that has proven remarkably adaptable across centuries.</p><p>In the medieval period, it wore theology. In the modern era, race science. In the postmodern present, it speaks the language of human rights and antiracism: the Jews are white oppressors; Israel is the last colonial state; Zionism is racism. And now: Israel is committing genocide, and all who defend it are complicit.</p><p>The content changes. The structure remains. There is always a reason why Jews, specifically, are the problem.</p><p>You cannot educate your way out of a political movement. You can only confront it - and those who are behind it. </p><p>I say this as someone trained in nuance, instinctively skeptical of binaries. I love nuance. But nuance can become an alibi for cowardice. Sometimes there are people who want to hurt you, and the sophisticated thing to do is see them clearly.</p><p>The Muslim Brotherhood is not a complex social phenomenon requiring careful contextualization. It is an adversary. The organizations must be identified. The ideology must be confronted. </p><p>Qatar may be an ally and a complicated regional actor, but in its current conduct, it is  working against us. The campus encampments did not emerge from undergraduate reading groups. They have infrastructure, funding, and ideology&#8212;and these have names.</p><p>If maintaining relationships requires silence about any of this, those relationships are not worth maintaining. If anyone tells you addressing it makes you a right winger, an &#8220;Islamophobe&#8221; or a &#8220;fascist&#8221;, shrug your shoulders and continue.  </p><p>This must cut both ways.</p><p>When parts of the right spread conspiracy theories about Jewish power, when they platform Holocaust revisionism, when &#8220;America First&#8221; slides into the old patterns of dual loyalty and globalist dog whistles&#8212;the response must be just as clear. Antisemitism that is politically convenient to ignore is still antisemitism. If you fight it only when it costs you nothing, you are not fighting it at all.</p><p>And finally, the charge that Israel is committing genocide is not a legal argument. It is a political weapon&#8212;designed to place Jews outside moral consideration, to make support for Israel unspeakable.</p><p>The same frameworks created after the Holocaust to protect Jews are now being turned against the Jewish state. If we cannot say this clearly, we have already lost. If we cannot name the networks advancing this perversion&#8212;the lawfare, the intellectual infrastructure, the strategic patience&#8212;we have already lost.</p><p>The trap of conditional citizenship is that it makes you embarrassed by your own existence. I watch certain American Jews fall into this trap&#8212;the same trap we were warned against twenty years ago. The shrinking. The hedging. The careful calculations about what can be said and to whom.</p><p>What David Harris tried to teach us in Paris two decades ago was not merely advocacy. It was a way of standing in history without apology.</p><p>Twenty years later, the question is the same. It has simply moved west. And too many of those who should be answering it are still searching for a way to say it that won&#8217;t make anyone uncomfortable.</p><p>There is no such way. There never was.</p><p>Stand upright. It is what some American Jews taught us to do.</p><p>Now it is time to remember.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[LE DÉSERT DU (RÉ)EL]]></title><description><![CDATA[Deux Am&#233;ricains sont morts &#224; Minneapolis.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/le-desert-du-reel</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/le-desert-du-reel</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 25 Jan 2026 21:09:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><p><em>Deux Am&#233;ricains sont morts &#224; Minneapolis. La bataille pour savoir &#171; ce qui s&#8217;est pass&#233; &#187; dit tout de ce qui nous arrive.</em></p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png" width="1536" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1536,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:0,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mNA_!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22d132e6-b25c-485f-b9ad-48f09f9330dd_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Je fixe la m&#234;me vid&#233;o depuis ce matin.</p><p>Elle est granuleuse, film&#233;e au t&#233;l&#233;phone, quarante-cinq secondes &#224; peine. On distingue un homme au sol. Autour, des agents f&#233;d&#233;raux. On entend des cris. Puis des coups de feu.</p><p>C&#8217;est la fin d&#8217;Alex Pretti. Trente-sept ans. Infirmier en r&#233;animation au VA. Samedi matin, il est all&#233; dans le sud de Minneapolis, l&#224; o&#249; les agents f&#233;d&#233;raux de l&#8217;immigration m&#232;nent des raids depuis des semaines. Il n&#8217;est jamais rentr&#233;.</p><p>Quelques heures plus tard, la secr&#233;taire &#224; la S&#233;curit&#233; int&#233;rieure, Kristi Noem, est devant un pupitre : &#171; terroriste domestique &#187;. Elle affirme qu&#8217;il est arriv&#233; arm&#233;, qu&#8217;il voulait &#171; infliger un maximum de d&#233;g&#226;ts &#187;. Qu&#8217;il a &#171; r&#233;agi violemment &#187; quand les agents ont tent&#233; de le d&#233;sarmer. Et que la fusillade &#233;tait justifi&#233;e.</p><p>Un t&#233;moin, lui, d&#233;pose une d&#233;claration sous serment devant un tribunal f&#233;d&#233;ral. Il raconte autre chose : &#171; Ils l&#8217;ont jet&#233; &#224; terre. Quatre ou cinq agents l&#8217;avaient au sol et ils se sont mis &#224; tirer. Ils ont tir&#233; tellement de fois. &#187;</p><p>Les deux camps brandissent la vid&#233;o.</p><p>Et c&#8217;est l&#224; que je reviens toujours au m&#234;me point : je ne sais plus comment savoir ce qui s&#8217;est pass&#233;. Et je ne crois pas que vous le sachiez non plus.</p><p>Deux semaines plus t&#244;t, dans le m&#234;me quartier, des agents f&#233;d&#233;raux avaient abattu Renee Nicole Good, trente-sept ans, m&#232;re de famille. L&#224; encore, on a parl&#233; tr&#232;s vite de &#171; terrorisme domestique &#187;. Les autorit&#233;s locales disent qu&#8217;elle tentait de fuir une sc&#232;ne terrifiante. Les f&#233;d&#233;raux affirment qu&#8217;elle a essay&#233; de renverser un agent. Il existe aussi une vid&#233;o. Elle ne tranche rien. Elle multiplie les lectures.</p><p>Apr&#232;s la mort de Pretti, les responsables locaux d&#233;posent une plainte : ils accusent les agents f&#233;d&#233;raux d&#8217;avoir confisqu&#233; les t&#233;l&#233;phones de t&#233;moins, retenu des passants, ordonn&#233; &#224; la police du Minnesota de quitter les lieux. Ils demandent &#224; un juge d&#8217;emp&#234;cher le Department of Homeland Security de d&#233;truire des preuves. Et l&#8217;agence, bien s&#251;r, enqu&#234;te sur ses propres actes.</p><p>Je ne suis pas en train de vous dire quoi conclure de Minneapolis. Je vous dis que les conditions m&#234;mes qui permettent de conclure &#8212; pour n&#8217;importe qui, de n&#8217;importe quel c&#244;t&#233; &#8212; sont en train de s&#8217;effondrer.</p><p>Hannah Arendt avait vu venir quelque chose de cet ordre. Quand le mensonge se substitue aux faits assez longtemps, pr&#233;venait-elle, nous perdons &#171; le sens par lequel nous prenons nos rep&#232;res &#187; dans le monde : la distinction entre le vrai et le faux commence &#224; se dissoudre.</p><p>Vous n&#8217;avez pas besoin d&#8217;&#234;tre convaincu d&#8217;un mensonge. Il suffit d&#8217;&#234;tre fatigu&#233;. L&#8217;&#233;puisement, voil&#224; le danger. Pas tant que nous croyions la mauvaise histoire, mais que nous cessions de croire qu&#8217;une histoire peut &#234;tre vraie ou fausse.</p><p>On ressort Orwell. On a raison.</p><p>Dans 1984, il avait un mot : la doublepens&#233;e. Pas seulement croire &#224; des mensonges &#8212; croire &#224; des contradictions. Savoir qu&#8217;une chose est fausse et l&#8217;accepter quand m&#234;me. Regarder la m&#234;me s&#233;quence et laisser la l&#233;gende de votre camp faire le travail de voir &#224; votre place.</p><p>Mais Orwell ne mettait pas seulement en garde contre les gouvernements. Il mettait en garde contre ce qui se passe &#224; l&#8217;int&#233;rieur de nos t&#234;tes quand nous cessons de faire l&#8217;effort de tenir la r&#233;alit&#233; ensemble. L&#8217;&#201;tat peut manipuler. L&#8217;algorithme aussi. L&#8217;influenceur aussi. La chambre d&#8217;&#233;cho aussi. Et nous aussi &#8212; chaque fois que nous partageons sans v&#233;rifier, parce que &#171; &#231;a sonne vrai &#187; dans notre syst&#232;me de croyances.</p><p>Je parle de Minneapolis avec des amis &#8212; des gens intelligents, inform&#233;s, des gens qui lisent la presse, qui suivent la politique. Ce qui frappe n&#8217;est pas qu&#8217;on diverge sur le sens de ces morts. C&#8217;est que nous semblons avoir assist&#233; &#224; des &#233;v&#233;nements enti&#232;rement diff&#233;rents.</p><p>Un ami m&#8217;envoie un fil expliquant que Pretti &#233;tait un agitateur arm&#233;. Un autre m&#8217;envoie un fil expliquant que Pretti &#233;tait un infirmier pacifique ex&#233;cut&#233; par des agents f&#233;d&#233;raux. M&#234;me homme. M&#234;me jour. M&#234;me ville. Deux plan&#232;tes.</p><p>Personne n&#8217;a &#171; planifi&#233; &#187; &#231;a. Ou plut&#244;t : beaucoup ont con&#231;u des morceaux du dispositif, pour leurs raisons &#224; eux. Les plateformes ont b&#226;ti des syst&#232;mes destin&#233;s &#224; maximiser l&#8217;engagement &#8212; et l&#8217;indignation engage. Les op&#233;rateurs politiques ont appris &#224; exploiter la fragmentation. Les m&#233;dias ont d&#233;couvert que conforter les r&#233;flexes de leur audience rapporte davantage que les contrarier. Et nous tous : nous cliquons sur ce qui &#171; tombe juste &#187;, nous partageons ce qui confirme, nous masquons ce qui d&#233;range.</p><p>Le r&#233;sultat est le m&#234;me que si quelqu&#8217;un l&#8217;avait organis&#233;. Sauf que personne n&#8217;a besoin de le faire.</p><p>La chambre d&#8217;&#233;cho ne limite pas ce que vous savez. Elle corrompt votre capacit&#233; &#224; &#233;valuer ce que vous savez. Elle transforme l&#8217;&#233;pist&#233;mologie en appartenance. La v&#233;rit&#233; en tribu.</p><p>Et voici l&#8217;inversion la plus profonde : les vid&#233;os qui circulent depuis Minneapolis ne sont plus des fen&#234;tres sur une r&#233;alit&#233; ant&#233;rieure qu&#8217;on essaierait d&#8217;apercevoir. Elles sont la r&#233;alit&#233; &#8212; mont&#233;es, d&#233;coup&#233;es, sous-titr&#233;es, re-sous-titr&#233;es. La question &#171; que s&#8217;est-il vraiment pass&#233; ? &#187; suppose qu&#8217;il existe quelque chose de solide en dessous. Pour des millions d&#8217;Am&#233;ricains, il n&#8217;y a plus &#171; en dessous &#187;. L&#8217;image est l&#8217;&#233;v&#233;nement. Le r&#233;cit devient le fait.</p><p>La carte a remplac&#233; le territoire. Et nous oublions qu&#8217;il y eut un territoire.</p><p>Imaginez maintenant ce qui vient.</p><p>Tout ce que je d&#233;cris &#8212; images contest&#233;es, r&#233;alit&#233;s fractur&#233;es, r&#233;cits plus rapides que l&#8217;enqu&#234;te &#8212; s&#8217;est produit &#224; partir de vid&#233;os r&#233;elles. Granuleuses, imparfaites, mais r&#233;elles. Quelqu&#8217;un &#233;tait l&#224;. Quelqu&#8217;un a tenu un t&#233;l&#233;phone.</p><p>Que se passera-t-il quand les images elles-m&#234;mes seront fabriqu&#233;es ?</p><p>Des syst&#232;mes d&#8217;IA peuvent d&#233;j&#224; g&#233;n&#233;rer des vid&#233;os synth&#233;tiques de plus en plus photor&#233;alistes d&#8217;&#233;v&#233;nements qui n&#8217;ont jamais eu lieu : un responsable politique pronon&#231;ant des mots qu&#8217;il n&#8217;a jamais dits, une manifestation &#171; devenant &#187; violente quand elle ne l&#8217;a pas &#233;t&#233;, une fusillade montrant exactement ce dont un r&#233;cit a besoin.</p><p>Et la technologie n&#8217;a m&#234;me pas besoin d&#8217;&#234;tre parfaite. Il suffit qu&#8217;elle soit assez bonne pour produire du doute.</p><p>Pensez &#224; ce que cela signifie pour le prochain Minneapolis. La d&#233;fense ne sera plus &#171; cette vid&#233;o est sortie de son contexte &#187;. Ce sera &#171; cette vid&#233;o est g&#233;n&#233;r&#233;e par IA &#187;. Et comment prouverez-vous le contraire ?</p><p>Chaque vid&#233;o deviendra suspecte. Chaque preuve deviendra contestable &#8212; non parce qu&#8217;elle aura &#233;t&#233; examin&#233;e, mais parce que la cat&#233;gorie m&#234;me de la preuve aura &#233;t&#233; empoisonn&#233;e.</p><p>C&#8217;est vers cela que nous allons. Non par un grand plan secret, mais par la convergence de technologies, d&#8217;incitations et de faiblesses humaines qui pointent toutes dans la m&#234;me direction : un monde o&#249; la r&#233;alit&#233; partag&#233;e n&#8217;est plus disponible.</p><p>&#171; Qu&#8217;est-ce que la v&#233;rit&#233; ? &#187; &#233;tait une question de s&#233;minaire. Bient&#244;t, nous ne partagerons m&#234;me plus la m&#234;me id&#233;e de ce que cette question veut dire.</p><p>Ce qui m&#8217;inqui&#232;te dans les r&#233;ponses officielles &#224; ces fusillades &#8212; et je dirais la m&#234;me chose quel que soit le parti au pouvoir &#8212; c&#8217;est la vitesse.</p><p>Quelques heures apr&#232;s chaque mort, avant que les preuves soient s&#233;curis&#233;es, avant que les t&#233;moins soient entendus, avant qu&#8217;une revue ind&#233;pendante soit possible, le r&#233;cit &#233;tait fix&#233;. Terrorisme domestique. L&#8217;histoire &#233;crite avant qu&#8217;on puisse conna&#238;tre l&#8217;histoire.</p><p>Peut-&#234;tre que le r&#233;cit est vrai. Peut-&#234;tre que Pretti repr&#233;sentait une menace. J&#8217;en doute. Mais ce n&#8217;est pas mon point. Mon point est que personne ne peut savoir si vite &#8212; et qu&#8217;une d&#233;mocratie qui confond vitesse et certitude s&#8217;invite elle-m&#234;me au d&#233;sastre.</p><p>Ce n&#8217;est pas un probl&#232;me &#171; de gauche &#187; ou &#171; de droite &#187;. C&#8217;est un probl&#232;me pour quiconque pense que les citoyens devraient pouvoir savoir ce que fait leur gouvernement &#8212; et le contester quand il le faut. Pour quiconque pense que les citoyens, pas les r&#233;cits, devraient &#234;tre souverains.</p><p>Et la posture qui vous tente peut-&#234;tre &#8212; l&#8217;&#233;paule lev&#233;e, le &#171; qui sait, tout le monde manipule &#187; &#8212; ce n&#8217;est pas de la sagesse. C&#8217;est une sortie de route. C&#8217;est ainsi que le d&#233;bat d&#233;mocratique s&#8217;effondre et que l&#8217;escalade tribale prend la place de l&#8217;argument.</p><p>Alors, que faire ?</p><p>Arendt croyait &#224; ce qu&#8217;elle appelait la vie obstin&#233;e des faits. Ils remontent. Ils persistent. Ils refusent d&#8217;&#234;tre ensevelis. La v&#233;rit&#233; ne gagne pas toujours vite. Mais elle a un poids que la fiction n&#8217;a pas.</p><p>C&#8217;est ce que j&#8217;essaie de me r&#233;p&#233;ter : croire en la v&#233;rit&#233; &#8212; non comme une foi, comme une pratique.</p><p>Je ne sais pas si c&#8217;est encore possible dans notre monde, mais il faut essayer. Lire. Enqu&#234;ter. Chercher les sources primaires. Soutenir les journalistes qui font un vrai travail de terrain, m&#234;me quand leurs conclusions vous d&#233;plaisent. &#202;tre lent &#224; partager, rapide &#224; douter &#8212; mais douter pour comprendre, pas pour se retirer.</p><p>Et puis faire la chose la plus difficile : sortir du fil.</p><p>Parce que le fil n&#8217;est pas une fen&#234;tre neutre. C&#8217;est un moteur optimis&#233; pour la vitesse, l&#8217;&#233;motion, la compulsion. Il n&#8217;est pas con&#231;u pour vous aider &#224; savoir. Il est con&#231;u pour vous faire rester.</p><p>Ce n&#8217;est pas forc&#233;ment &#171; le mal &#187;. C&#8217;est la puissance. Et la puissance, laiss&#233;e sans surveillance, ne tend pas vers la v&#233;rit&#233;. Elle tend vers ce qui produit le prochain clic.</p><p>Il existe des issues, mais elles ne sont pas glamour.</p><p>La premi&#232;re est proc&#233;durale. Les preuves doivent &#234;tre pr&#233;serv&#233;es. Le contr&#244;le doit &#234;tre r&#233;el. Les enqu&#234;tes doivent &#234;tre ind&#233;pendantes. Si le public ne peut pas avoir confiance dans le fait que les faits survivront au contact des institutions, l&#8217;argument ne commencera m&#234;me pas. Une d&#233;mocratie repose sur l&#8217;architecture ennuyeuse de la v&#233;rification.</p><p>La deuxi&#232;me est culturelle. Il faut retrouver une vertu perdue : la honte intellectuelle &#8212; la capacit&#233; de dire publiquement, sans chercher &#224; sauver la face : je ne sais pas encore. Refuser de transformer l&#8217;incertitude en arme ou en marque. Accepter d&#8217;attendre les faits avant d&#8217;adopter un r&#233;cit comme identit&#233;.</p><p>La troisi&#232;me est personnelle : la discipline quotidienne de refuser de sous-traiter son esprit. Ni au gouvernement. Ni aux m&#233;dias. Ni &#224; l&#8217;algorithme. Ni &#224; son camp.</p><p>Parce que la tentation majeure, dans une crise &#233;pist&#233;mique, ce n&#8217;est pas le mensonge. C&#8217;est le soulagement &#8212; le soulagement de choisir vite une histoire, de rejoindre le ch&#339;ur, de laisser la tribu penser &#224; votre place. Le soulagement, c&#8217;est ce qui transforme la politique en foi.</p><p>Minneapolis n&#8217;est pas le seul endroit o&#249; cela se joue. C&#8217;est un cas d&#8217;&#233;cole concentr&#233; : deux morts, deux vid&#233;os, deux r&#233;cits officiels, deux r&#233;alit&#233;s en ligne &#8212; et un pays dont la capacit&#233; &#224; arbitrer entre elles s&#8217;&#233;rode &#224; vue d&#8217;&#339;il.</p><p>Peut-&#234;tre que les faits remonteront. Peut-&#234;tre que les enqu&#234;tes &#233;tabliront ce qui s&#8217;est pass&#233;. Peut-&#234;tre que les vid&#233;os, analys&#233;es avec m&#233;thode, dissiperont ce que les cris et les l&#233;gendes ont brouill&#233;. Je l&#8217;esp&#232;re. Et je ne suis pas na&#239;f sur la fr&#233;quence avec laquelle cet espoir est d&#233;&#231;u.</p><p>Mais le vrai combat ne porte pas seulement sur ce qui s&#8217;est pass&#233; &#224; Minneapolis. Il porte sur une question plus nue, plus vertigineuse : allons-nous continuer &#224; croire qu&#8217;il existe quelque chose comme &#171; ce qui s&#8217;est pass&#233; &#187; ?</p><p>Voil&#224; le d&#233;sert du r&#233;el : non pas un monde o&#249; tout le monde croit le m&#234;me mensonge, mais un monde o&#249; l&#8217;on cesse de croire qu&#8217;on peut distinguer la v&#233;rit&#233; du storytelling.</p><p>On peut vivre dans ce d&#233;sert. Beaucoup y vivent d&#233;j&#224;.</p><p>Ou l&#8217;on peut s&#8217;obstiner &#8212; patiemment, obstin&#233;ment, presque d&#233;mod&#233;ment &#8212; &#224; dire que la r&#233;alit&#233; existe, qu&#8217;elle est connaissable, qu&#8217;elle m&#233;rite l&#8217;effort. Non parce que la v&#233;rit&#233; est garantie de gagner, mais parce que sans cette tentative, la libert&#233; n&#8217;a m&#234;me plus de langage.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[THE DESERT OF THE RE(E)AL]]></title><description><![CDATA[I&#8217;ve been staring at the same video all morning.]]></description><link>https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-desert-of-the-reeal</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://simonerodan.substack.com/p/the-desert-of-the-reeal</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Simone rodan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 25 Jan 2026 11:14:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p29O!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33b92994-ec80-46bc-b9e3-3c6566bcd499_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ve been staring at the same video all morning.</p><p>It&#8217;s grainy, shot on a phone, maybe forty-five seconds long. You can see a man on the ground. You can see federal agents around him. You can hear shouting. Then gunfire.</p><p>This is the video of Alex Pretti&#8217;s final moments. He was thirty-seven. An ICU nurse at the VA. On Saturday morning, he went to south Minneapolis, where federal immigration agents had been conducting raids for weeks. He never came home.</p><p>Within hours, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem was at a podium calling him a domestic terrorist.</p><p>She said he arrived armed, intending to &#8220;inflict maximum damage.&#8221; She said he &#8220;reacted violently&#8221; when agents tried to disarm him. She said this was a justified shooting.</p><p>A witness who filed a sworn declaration in federal court told a different story: &#8220;They threw him to the ground. Four or five agents had him on the ground and they just started shooting him. They shot him so many times.&#8221;</p><p>Both sides cite the video.</p><p>Here is what I keep coming back to: I no longer know how to know what happened. And I don&#8217;t think you do either.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p29O!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33b92994-ec80-46bc-b9e3-3c6566bcd499_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p29O!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_424, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33b92994-ec80-46bc-b9e3-3c6566bcd499_1536x1024.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p29O!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, 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/__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33b92994-ec80-46bc-b9e3-3c6566bcd499_1536x1024.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p29O!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_848, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33b92994-ec80-46bc-b9e3-3c6566bcd499_1536x1024.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p29O!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33b92994-ec80-46bc-b9e3-3c6566bcd499_1536x1024.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p29O!, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/simonerodan.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33b92994-ec80-46bc-b9e3-3c6566bcd499_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Two weeks earlier, federal agents shot and killed Renee Nicole Good, a thirty-seven-year-old mother, in the same neighborhood. That, too, was quickly described as domestic terrorism. Local officials say she was trying to leave a frightening scene. Federal officials say she tried to run over an agent. There is video of that incident as well, and it doesn&#8217;t settle anything. It multiplies interpretations.</p><p>After Pretti&#8217;s killing, local officials filed a lawsuit accusing federal agents of seizing witnesses&#8217; phones, detaining bystanders, and ordering Minnesota law enforcement to leave the scene. They&#8217;re asking a judge to prevent the Department of Homeland Security from destroying evidence. The agency will be investigating its own actions.</p><p>I&#8217;m not telling you what to conclude from Minneapolis. I&#8217;m telling you that the conditions for reaching a conclusion &#8212; for anyone, on any side &#8212; are collapsing.</p><p>Hannah Arendt saw something like this coming. When lies substitute for facts long enough, she warned, we lose &#8220;the sense by which we take our bearings&#8221; in the world, the very distinction between truth and falsehood begins to dissolve.</p><p>You don&#8217;t have to be convinced of a lie. You just have to be tired. That exhaustion is the danger. Not that we&#8217;ll believe the wrong story, but that we&#8217;ll stop believing stories can be true or false at all.</p><p>We keep reaching for Orwell. We should.</p><p>In 1984, he gave us a word for this: doublethink. Not just believing lies &#8212; believing contradictions. Knowing something is false and accepting it anyway. Watching the same footage and letting your side&#8217;s caption do the seeing for you.</p><p>But Orwell wasn&#8217;t only warning about governments. He was warning about what happens inside our own heads when we stop doing the work of holding reality together. The state can spin. But so can the algorithm. So can the influencer. So can the echo chamber. And so can we;  every time we share something without checking because it feels true inside our belief system.</p><p>I&#8217;ve been talking to friends about Minneapolis, smart friends, informed friends, people who read the news and care about politics. What&#8217;s striking is not that we disagree about what the shootings mean. It&#8217;s that we seem to have encountered entirely different events.</p><p>One friend sent me a thread portraying Pretti as an armed agitator. Another sent me a thread portraying him as a peaceful nurse killed by federal agents. Same man. Same day. Same city. Different planets.</p><p>No one designed this. Or rather: lots of people designed pieces of it, for their own reasons. Tech companies built systems to maximize engagement; and it turns out outrage engages. Political operatives learned to exploit fragmentation. Media outlets discovered that serving your audience&#8217;s priors is more profitable than challenging them. And all of us, we click what feels right, share what confirms, mute what disturbs.</p><p>The result is the same as if someone had planned it. But no one did.</p><p>The echo chamber doesn&#8217;t just limit what you know. It corrupts your ability to evaluate what you know. It turns epistemology into tribe.</p><p>And here&#8217;s the deeper inversion: the videos circulating from Minneapolis aren&#8217;t windows onto some prior reality we&#8217;re trying to glimpse. They are the reality; edited, clipped, captioned, recaptioned. The question &#8220;what really happened?&#8221; assumes there&#8217;s something solid underneath. For millions, there isn&#8217;t. The image is the event. The narrative becomes the fact.</p><p>The map has replaced the territory. And we&#8217;re forgetting there ever was a territory at all.</p><p>Now imagine what comes next.</p><p>Everything I&#8217;ve described &#8212; contested footage, fractured realities, narratives that outrun investigation &#8212; has unfolded with real video. Grainy, imperfect, but real. Someone was there. Someone held a phone.</p><p>What happens when the footage itself can be fabricated?</p><p>AI systems can now generate increasingly photorealistic synthetic video of events that never occurred: a politician saying words she never said, a protest turning violent when it didn&#8217;t, a shooting that shows whatever a narrative requires.</p><p>And the technology doesn&#8217;t have to be perfect. It only has to be good enough to create doubt.</p><p>Think about what that means for the next Minneapolis. The defense won&#8217;t be &#8220;that footage is out of context.&#8221; It will be &#8220;that footage was AI-generated.&#8221; And how will you prove otherwise?</p><p>Every video becomes suspect. This is where we&#8217;re heading. Not through anyone&#8217;s master plan, but through the convergence of technologies and incentives and human weaknesses that all point the same direction: toward a world where shared reality is no longer available.</p><p>&#8220;What is truth?&#8221; used to be a philosophy-seminar question. Soon we may not even share the same understanding of what that question actually means.</p><p>Here&#8217;s what troubles me about the official responses to these shootings &#8212; and I would say this regardless of who was in power or which party controlled DHS.</p><p>It&#8217;s the speed.</p><p>Within hours of each killing;  before evidence was secured, before witnesses were interviewed, before any independent review was possible, the narrative was set. Domestic terrorism. The story was written before anyone could know the story.</p><p>Maybe the narrative is true. Maybe Pretti was a threat. I doubt it. But that&#8217;s not the argument. The argument is that none of us can know, not that fast &#8212; and a democracy that confuses speed with certainty is inviting catastrophe.</p><p>This isn&#8217;t a left-wing problem or a right-wing problem. It&#8217;s a problem for anyone who thinks citizens should be able to know what their government is doing &#8212; and challenge it when necessary. For anyone who thinks citizens, not narratives, should be sovereign.</p><p>And the pose you might be tempted to strike &#8212; the shrug, the &#8220;who knows, everyone&#8217;s spinning&#8221; &#8212; isn&#8217;t wisdom. It&#8217;s exit. It&#8217;s how democratic argument collapses into tribal escalation.</p><p>So where does this leave us?</p><p>Arendt believed in what she called the stubborn life of facts. They surface. They persist. They refuse to stay buried. Truth doesn&#8217;t always win quickly. But it has a weight that fiction doesn&#8217;t.</p><p>So here&#8217;s what I keep telling myself: believe in truth &#8212; not as faith, as practice.</p><p>I don&#8217;t know if this is still possible in our world but we should try.</p><p>We should read. Investigate. Find primary sources. Support journalists who do actual reporting, even when you don&#8217;t like what they find. Be slow to share and quick to doubt &#8212; but doubt in service of finding out, not as an excuse for checking out.</p><p>And then do the harder thing: step outside the feed.</p><p>Because the feed is not a neutral window. It is an engine optimized for speed, emotion, and compulsion. It is not designed to help you know. It is designed to keep you looking.</p><p>That doesn&#8217;t make it evil. It makes it powerful. And power, left unattended, doesn&#8217;t trend toward truth. It trends toward whatever produces the next click.</p><p>There are still ways out of this, but they&#8217;re not glamorous.</p><p>One is procedural. Evidence must be preserved. Oversight must be real. Investigations must be independent. If the public cannot trust that facts will survive contact with institutions, the argument will never even begin. Democracy relies on the boring architecture of verification.</p><p>Another is cultural. We have to recover a lost virtue: intellectual shame &#8212; the ability to say, publicly, without embarrassment: I don&#8217;t know yet. The refusal to turn uncertainty into a weapon or a brand. The willingness to wait for facts before adopting a story as identity.</p><p>And there is a third, personal one: the daily discipline of refusing to outsource your mind. Not to the government. Not to the media. Not to the algorithm. Not to your side.</p><p>Because the real temptation in an epistemic crisis is not falsehood. It&#8217;s relief &#8212; the relief of picking a narrative quickly, joining the chorus, letting the tribe do the thinking for you. Relief is what turns politics into faith.</p><p>Minneapolis is not the only place this is happening. It is simply a concentrated case study: two deaths, two videos, two official narratives, two online realities &#8212; and a country whose capacity to arbitrate between them is visibly eroding.</p><p>Maybe the facts will surface. Maybe investigations will establish what happened. Maybe the videos, analyzed carefully, will resolve what shouting and captions have obscured. I hope so. And I&#8217;m not naive about how often that hope gets disappointed.</p><p>But the real fight isn&#8217;t only over what happened in Minneapolis. It&#8217;s over whether we will continue to believe there is such a thing as what happened.</p><p>That is the desert of the real: not a world where everyone believes the same lie, but a world where people stop believing truth can be distinguished from storytelling at all.</p><p>You can live in that desert. Many already do.</p><p>Or you can insist, patiently, stubbornly, almost unfashionably x that reality exists, that it is knowable, that it is worth the work. Not because truth is guaranteed to win, but because without the attempt, freedom doesn&#8217;t even have a language.</p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>