<script data-pm-proxy="intercept"></script><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Tram's Substack]]></title><description><![CDATA[Weekly English+Viet essays on reflections, ideas, and life as a first-culture Vietnamese.]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w6hB!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10346e3d-fb97-49d1-ad6c-3576bdc34a8e_1280x1280.png</url><title>Tram&apos;s Substack</title><link>https://trambbui.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 23:32:05 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en-gb]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[trambbui@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[trambbui@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[trambbui@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[trambbui@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Vietnamese Modernism: The 20 Years of Art You’ve Never Heard of ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Featuring some of the most beautiful paintings Vietnam has ever produced, handpicked by yours truly (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/vietnamese-modernism-the-20-years</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/vietnamese-modernism-the-20-years</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2026 19:32:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are 20 years in Asian art history that completely hold my heart. These two short decades were eventful, nuanced, fascinating, filled with immense talent and personality. It was a movie waiting to happen.</p><p><strong>Between 1925 and 1945 came a generation of Vietnamese artists who would change the world&#8217;s art scene forever.</strong> They brought European techniques into conversation with Asian silk, lacquer and visual traditions; created some of the country&#8217;s most famous masterpieces and National Treasures; and produced works that now fetch record-breaking millions at auctions. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o4KO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe25e3240-ac84-4c08-bc29-7a353d97fdf4_1199x1429.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o4KO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe25e3240-ac84-4c08-bc29-7a353d97fdf4_1199x1429.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o4KO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe25e3240-ac84-4c08-bc29-7a353d97fdf4_1199x1429.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o4KO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe25e3240-ac84-4c08-bc29-7a353d97fdf4_1199x1429.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o4KO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe25e3240-ac84-4c08-bc29-7a353d97fdf4_1199x1429.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o4KO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe25e3240-ac84-4c08-bc29-7a353d97fdf4_1199x1429.jpeg" width="1199" height="1429" 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o4KO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe25e3240-ac84-4c08-bc29-7a353d97fdf4_1199x1429.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o4KO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe25e3240-ac84-4c08-bc29-7a353d97fdf4_1199x1429.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o4KO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe25e3240-ac84-4c08-bc29-7a353d97fdf4_1199x1429.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>The Sleep</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1938)</figcaption></figure></div><p>L&#234; Ph&#7893;, Mai Trung Th&#7913;, V&#361; Cao &#272;&#224;m, T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n, Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237;, Tr&#7847;n V&#259;n C&#7849;n, B&#249;i Xu&#226;n Ph&#225;i&#8212;if these names sound unfamiliar to you, this is a good place to begin. </p><p>This week, my fellow bookworms and art obsessives, let me introduce you to a pivotal chapter in the story of Vietnamese painting.</p><h2><strong>The Indochina School of Fine Arts</strong></h2><p>In the final decades of French colonial rule in Indochina, a French painter had an audacious idea. In 1920, Victor Tardieu won the Prix de l&#8217;Indochine, which came with a year-long journey through the colony. After the initial trip, he kept coming back to Vietnam, where he met and exchanged ideas with young local artists, among them the painter Nam S&#417;n.</p><p>Tardieu, who had taught at the &#201;cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, understood that <strong>if young artists were to make a living from their work, they needed</strong> <strong>a proper system of education and training</strong>. With Nam S&#417;n&#8217;s support, he made a proposal to establish the Indochina School of Fine Arts (<em>&#201;cole des Beaux-Arts de l&#8217;Indochine</em> or EBAI) in Hanoi: a school that would systematically train young local artists and develop painting as a fine-art discipline in the Western sense.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp" width="1456" height="1152" 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424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btma!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F009848f8-daca-4b4f-84e9-4da55cc6b776_3815x3018.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Market Scene</em>, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh (1937)</figcaption></figure></div><p>EBAI existed for only 20 years, from 1925 to 1945. Yet in those two decades, it transformed the Vietnamese art scene. <strong>And yes the whole enterprise fits right into the white-saviour narrative, but its influence is undeniable.</strong> The generations of artists who passed through EBAI continue to define Vietnamese art to this day: L&#234; Th&#7883; L&#7921;u, L&#234; Ph&#7893;, Mai Trung Th&#7913;, V&#361; Cao &#272;&#224;m, Nam S&#417;n, L&#234; V&#259;n &#272;&#7879;, L&#432;&#417;ng Xu&#226;n Nh&#7883;, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh, T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n, Tr&#7847;n V&#259;n C&#7849;n, Nguy&#7877;n T&#432; Nghi&#234;m, Nguy&#7877;n S&#225;ng, B&#249;i Xu&#226;n Ph&#225;i, Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237;, among many others, carved their names deep into the history of Vietnamese art.</p><p>You cannot talk about Vietnamese painting without talking about the 20 years of EBAI.</p><h2><strong>A turning point for Vietnamese art</strong></h2><p>Before the 20th century, Vietnam already had millennia-old traditions of painting, carving and sculpture, but these existed within the realm of craft. The elaborate hardwood furniture writhing with dragons and phoenixes, the temples and communal halls, H&#224;ng Tr&#7889;ng religious paintings, L&#224;ng S&#236;nh woodcuts, &#272;&#244;ng H&#7891; prints, Kim Ho&#224;ng paintings&#8212;<strong>all were gathered under the broad umbrella of folk art</strong>.</p><p>Against the Western concept of fine art, folk art in our little corner of the &#8220;Far East&#8221; differed in two important ways: </p><ol><li><p>Its products were considered functional or decorative objects. </p></li><li><p>Their makers were craftspeople rather than artists, often anonymous and without emphasis on individual authorship.</p></li></ol><p>With the establishment of EBAI, Vietnamese art entered a new chapter: <strong>products became artworks</strong>, their creators began signing names, and being a painter became an identity as much as occupation.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg" width="1456" height="2217" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2217,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D6bO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada285-00a8-49df-a58c-28a036cfe580_1891x2880.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>White Egrets and Fish</em>, Nam S&#417;n (ca. 1927)</figcaption></figure></div><p>EBAI also brought with it the European system for commercialising art&#8212;the exhibitions, criticism, collectors and a mature art market. As for content, EBAI&#8217;s curriculum introduced Western art history, approaches, and techniques.</p><p>And with that, Vietnamese painting was now operating within a new system, equipped with a new set of tools.</p><h2><strong>East, meet West</strong></h2><p>So what was so audacious about Victor Tardieu&#8217;s idea?</p><p>Credit where credit is due, I will give our white saviour Tardieu<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> this much: he had a vision for the development of art in Vietnam. He believed passing down European knowledge was not enough. Local artists should also draw inspiration from Asian techniques and materials, building upon the foundations of Vietnamese folk art and craftsmanship.</p><p>As EBAI&#8217;s first principal, he fought for his students to make art with a cultural identity of their own. Throughout his tenure, Vietnamese people, landscapes, and everyday life were encouraged as subjects, while silk, lacquer, and ceramics were evolved as media.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg" width="1024" height="796" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:796,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z4wg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8d1e764-9796-425f-b019-faa10b864fec_1024x796.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>The Family Interior in Tonkin</em>, L&#234; V&#259;n &#272;&#7879; (1933)</figcaption></figure></div><p>In 1933, when French critics suggested that paintings from EBAI should use more colour to appeal to European buyers, Tardieu responded by warning his students: </p><blockquote><p><em>Above all, do not Westernise yourselves!</em></p></blockquote><p>That philosophy helped produce an extraordinary generation of Vietnamese painters, artists who applied a European education to the inspirations and materials of home. The result was work of incredible beauty and emotional delicacy&#8212;a sensitivity that I personally have never quite found again in the generations that followed.</p><p>Their movement would eventually have a name of its own: <strong>Vietnamese Modernism</strong>.</p><h2><strong>The paintings were born</strong></h2><p>The surface: Yunnan silk.<br>The materials: Chinese ink and gouache.<br>The technique: French pictorial composition.<br>The subject: Vietnamese local life.</p><p>EBAI&#8217;s first graduating class included several painters who would later establish Vietnamese Modernism on the global market such as L&#234; Ph&#7893;, Mai Trung Th&#7913;, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh and L&#234; V&#259;n &#272;&#7879;. Of the eight students in that inaugural class, L&#234; Ph&#7893; and Mai Trung Th&#7913; would eventually settle in France.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>This is part of the reason why, when you begin researching Vietnamese painting from this period, those two names tend to appear everywhere. Ph&#7893; and Th&#7913; had perhaps <strong>the most thoroughly Westernised commercial careers of their generation</strong>: they graduated from EBAI, moved to France, took part in international group shows, mounted solo exhibitions, and toured across Europe and the United States. Their work had already made its mark on the Western art market by the mid-20th century. By the 2010s, their paintings were fiercely pursued at Aguttes, Sotheby&#8217;s and Christie&#8217;s, fetching record prices in the millions and officially propelling Vietnamese modern art to a whole new level.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SY7I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2429521-678f-43e8-a4a6-cdff8bcb5909_2149x3200.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SY7I!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2429521-678f-43e8-a4a6-cdff8bcb5909_2149x3200.jpeg 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SY7I!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2429521-678f-43e8-a4a6-cdff8bcb5909_2149x3200.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SY7I!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2429521-678f-43e8-a4a6-cdff8bcb5909_2149x3200.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SY7I!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2429521-678f-43e8-a4a6-cdff8bcb5909_2149x3200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 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Their creations exude a quiet, delicate quality, suffused with what critics like to call an &#8220;Oriental essence&#8221;.</p><p>Particularly in the work of L&#234; Ph&#7893; and Mai Trung Th&#7913;, <strong>this kind of Eastern aesthetics happened to delight Western taste buds exceptionally well</strong>. Their subjects&#8212;women and children of the colony&#8212;inhabit a perfect petty bourgeois world: educated and refined enough to sit one class above the barbaric farmers, yet still one class below the civilised and sophisticated French.</p><h2><strong>Lacquer returns</strong></h2><p>No medium underwent a greater transformation at EBAI than lacquer. Where Vietnamese lacquer had previously been a decorative craft, used primarily to embellish objects, at EBAI it developed into <strong>a fully fledged painting technique</strong>.</p><p>Lacquer officially entered the EBAI curriculum in 1932. Its teachers studied Japanese lacquer traditions alongside the knowledge of Vietnamese master craftsmen such as &#272;inh V&#259;n Th&#224;nh. This was also a period of technical experimentation, as students including Ph&#7841;m H&#7853;u, Tr&#7847;n V&#259;n C&#7849;n, and Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237; altered mixtures of tung oil and resins to develop new paints while experimenting with sanding and polishing techniques.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:675,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kolz!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac156613-c3c9-4a21-b466-fe9312e038f4_1200x675.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Villagers Among Banana Trees</em>, Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237; (1937)</figcaption></figure></div><p>The lacquer paintings of this period&#8212;particularly Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237;&#8217;s multi-panel works&#8212;have an amazing fluidity and grace, <strong>the result of a process demanding incredible skill and patience</strong>. Of the seven paintings designated National Treasures of Vietnam, two are lacquer works by Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237;.</p><p>Modern Vietnamese lacquer painting also laid the groundwork for contemporary artists. After graduating from EBAI, many painters set up lacquer studios of their own, continuing to create work while training the next generations.</p><h2><strong>Declaration of Independence</strong></h2><p>Victor Tardieu died unexpectedly in 1937. &#201;variste Jonch&#232;re was appointed the school&#8217;s new principle. This white saviour, however, saw things differently. He told colonial officials that Vietnamese art was &#8220;primarily decorative&#8221; in character, and argued that EBAI students would be <strong>better trained as craftsmen</strong> than as professional painters. Under his direction, the school shifted its attention towards decorative and applied arts.</p><p>In 1945, Japan overthrew the French colonial administration in Indochina. The August Revolution followed, then H&#7891; Ch&#237; Minh declared Vietnam&#8217;s independence in a historical speech in Hanoi. EBAI ceased to be French and became part of the new Vietnamese national university system. The school was renamed the College of Fine Arts&#8212;minus &#8220;Indochina&#8221;&#8212;placed under Vietnamese administration, with T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n as its first Vietnamese principal.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n1mg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda07b2e1-a028-4e79-8577-4de294cc04d3_1936x3200.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n1mg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda07b2e1-a028-4e79-8577-4de294cc04d3_1936x3200.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n1mg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda07b2e1-a028-4e79-8577-4de294cc04d3_1936x3200.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n1mg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda07b2e1-a028-4e79-8577-4de294cc04d3_1936x3200.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n1mg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda07b2e1-a028-4e79-8577-4de294cc04d3_1936x3200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n1mg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda07b2e1-a028-4e79-8577-4de294cc04d3_1936x3200.jpeg" width="1456" height="2407" 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n1mg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda07b2e1-a028-4e79-8577-4de294cc04d3_1936x3200.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n1mg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda07b2e1-a028-4e79-8577-4de294cc04d3_1936x3200.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n1mg!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda07b2e1-a028-4e79-8577-4de294cc04d3_1936x3200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Disillusionment</em>, T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n (1932)</figcaption></figure></div><p><strong>From here, the trajectory of Vietnamese art shifted once again</strong>. With the outbreak of nationwide resistance against the French at the end of 1946, the newly established College of Fine Arts could not operate properly; it was evacuated and continued only intermittently. </p><p>After the French came the Americans, <strong>resources and talent that might otherwise have gone into art were steadily consumed by war</strong>. Many artists, T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n among them, joined the revolution, opening the next chapter of Vietnamese painting: Resistance Art.</p><h2><strong>A spectacular two decades</strong></h2><p>In just twenty short years, Vietnam saw the creation of artists and artworks capable of moving viewers a century later. It&#8217;s my favourite period in Asian art history: two critical decades, layered with the nuances of colonialism and national identity, populated by fascinating personalities, and unfolding against one of the most consequential periods in Vietnamese history.</p><p><strong>But ultimately, what made me fall in love (at first sight) was the paintings</strong>&#8212;paintings that, when I finally stood before them, left me without words. Paintings that made me want to learn everything.</p><p>Jeanette Winterson writes with such honesty in <em>Art Objects</em>:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>I had fallen in love and I had no language. I was dogdumb. The usual response of &#8216;This painting has nothing to say to me&#8217; had become &#8216;I have nothing to say to this painting&#8217;. And I desperately wanted to speak.</em></p></div><p>Every time I stand before those women in &#225;o d&#224;i, with their &#8220;autumn-water eyes and spring-mountain brows&#8221;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a>; those children bright-eyed in their innocence; those serene gardens, lotus ponds and rustic courtyards; those colours by turns radiant and tender; those aching affections for a homeland at once intimate and distant, a Vietnam hanging somewhere between dream and reality&#8230; </p><p>I can feel, once again, a new conversation stirring.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/vietnamese-modernism-the-20-years?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/vietnamese-modernism-the-20-years?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>Mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u h&#7897;i h&#7885;a Vi&#7879;t Nam, h&#227;y b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; 20 n&#259;m n&#224;y</h1><p>L&#7883;ch s&#7917; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#243; 20 n&#259;m &#273;&#7847;y cu&#7889;n h&#250;t n&#7855;m gi&#7919; tr&#225;i tim t&#244;i. Hai th&#7853;p ni&#234;n v&#7855;n t&#7855;t n&#224;y &#273;&#227; s&#7843;n sinh ra nh&#7919;ng h&#7885;a s&#297; &#273;&#432;a h&#7897;i h&#7885;a Vi&#7879;t Nam l&#234;n s&#225;nh vai v&#7899;i c&#225;c c&#432;&#7901;ng qu&#7889;c n&#259;m ch&#226;u. Nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i t&#234;n L&#234; Ph&#7893;, Mai Trung Th&#7913;, V&#361; Cao &#272;&#224;m, T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n, Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237;, Tr&#7847;n V&#259;n C&#7849;n, B&#249;i Xu&#226;n Ph&#225;i&#8230; m&#224; b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng nghe &#273;&#7873;u b&#432;&#7899;c ra t&#7915; &#273;&#226;y. Nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c tranh &#273;&#7845;u gi&#225; k&#7927; l&#7909;c h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u &#273;&#244; trong c&#225;c phi&#234;n qu&#7889;c t&#7871;, nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c tranh B&#7843;o v&#7853;t Qu&#7889;c gia, nhi&#7873;u ki&#7879;t t&#225;c c&#7911;a h&#7897;i h&#7885;a n&#432;&#7899;c nh&#224; c&#361;ng t&#7915; 20 n&#259;m n&#224;y m&#224; ra &#273;&#7901;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg" width="1397" height="2000" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2000,&quot;width&quot;:1397,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ow02!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff756c251-2e3c-4768-b292-3ec8b3a083db_1397x2000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Chi&#7871;c qu&#7841;t</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1941)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Tu&#7847;n n&#224;y t&#244;i s&#7869; vi&#7871;t cho m&#7845;y con s&#226;u m&#7885;t ch&#7919; m&#7885;t tranh, gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u &#273;&#7871;n m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7897;t giai &#273;o&#7841;n then ch&#7889;t trong d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y h&#7897;i h&#7885;a c&#7911;a n&#432;&#7899;c m&#236;nh.</p><h2><strong>Tr&#432;&#7901;ng M&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#272;&#244;ng D&#432;&#417;ng</strong></h2><p>Trong nh&#7919;ng th&#7853;p ni&#234;n cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#7911;a ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; th&#7921;c d&#226;n Ph&#225;p &#7903; &#272;&#244;ng D&#432;&#417;ng, m&#7897;t h&#7885;a s&#297; Ph&#225;p &#273;&#227; c&#243; m&#7897;t &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#225;o b&#7841;o. N&#259;m 1920, Victor Tardieu &#273;o&#7841;t gi&#7843;i th&#432;&#7903;ng Indochine v&#224; ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t chuy&#7871;n du l&#7883;ch &#272;&#244;ng D&#432;&#417;ng trong m&#7897;t n&#259;m. Sau chuy&#7871;n &#273;i &#273;&#243;, &#244;ng ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c quay l&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, g&#7863;p g&#7905; v&#224; trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867; y&#234;u ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y, trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; h&#7885;a s&#297; Nam S&#417;n.</p><p>Victor Tardieu, gi&#225;o vi&#234;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng M&#7929; thu&#7853;t Paris, hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t h&#7885;a s&#297; tr&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875; ki&#7871;m s&#7889;ng b&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng t&#225;c ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, <strong>h&#7885; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o b&#224;i b&#7843;n</strong>. V&#7899;i s&#7921; h&#7895; tr&#7907; c&#7911;a Nam S&#417;n, &#244;ng &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t v&#7899;i ch&#237;nh ph&#7911; Ph&#225;p x&#226;y d&#7921;ng Tr&#432;&#7901;ng Cao &#273;&#7859;ng M&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#272;&#244;ng D&#432;&#417;ng (EBAI) &#7903; H&#224; N&#7897;i, n&#417;i s&#7869; gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y c&#225;c h&#7885;a s&#297; &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng tr&#7867; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, gi&#250;p ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n h&#7897;i h&#7885;a nh&#432; m&#7897;t b&#7897; m&#244;n ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t theo c&#225;ch hi&#7875;u c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2_sv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb64c534-ff9b-4f77-b698-8ed59629ab1c_3200x2420.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2_sv!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb64c534-ff9b-4f77-b698-8ed59629ab1c_3200x2420.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2_sv!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb64c534-ff9b-4f77-b698-8ed59629ab1c_3200x2420.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2_sv!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb64c534-ff9b-4f77-b698-8ed59629ab1c_3200x2420.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2_sv!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb64c534-ff9b-4f77-b698-8ed59629ab1c_3200x2420.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2_sv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb64c534-ff9b-4f77-b698-8ed59629ab1c_3200x2420.jpeg" width="1456" height="1101" 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2_sv!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb64c534-ff9b-4f77-b698-8ed59629ab1c_3200x2420.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2_sv!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb64c534-ff9b-4f77-b698-8ed59629ab1c_3200x2420.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2_sv!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb64c534-ff9b-4f77-b698-8ed59629ab1c_3200x2420.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Nh&#7919;ng c&#244; th&#7907; may</em>, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh (1930)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Tr&#432;&#7901;ng EBAI ch&#7881; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 1925 &#273;&#7871;n 1945. Nh&#432;ng trong 20 n&#259;m &#273;&#243;, n&#243; &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o ra b&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#7863;t l&#7899;n cho h&#7897;i h&#7885;a Vi&#7879;t Nam. <strong>V&#224; m&#7863;c d&#249; d&#7921; &#225;n n&#224;y mang kh&#7899;p r&#7907;p b&#243;ng h&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#244; t&#237;p v&#7883; c&#7913;u tinh da tr&#7855;ng, s&#7913;c &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ch&#7889;i c&#227;i</strong>. </p><p>Th&#7871; h&#7879; c&#225;c h&#7885;a s&#297; t&#7889;t nghi&#7879;p EBAI cho &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7901; v&#7851;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh n&#7873;n h&#7897;i h&#7885;a Vi&#7879;t Nam: nh&#7919;ng L&#234; Th&#7883; L&#7921;u, L&#234; Ph&#7893;, Mai Trung Th&#7913;, V&#361; Cao &#272;&#224;m, Nam S&#417;n, L&#234; V&#259;n &#272;&#7879;, L&#432;&#417;ng Xu&#226;n Nh&#7883;, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh, T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n, Tr&#7847;n V&#259;n C&#7849;n, Nguy&#7877;n T&#432; Nghi&#234;m, Nguy&#7877;n S&#225;ng, B&#249;i Xu&#226;n Ph&#225;i, Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237;,&#8230; &#273;&#227; kh&#7855;c s&#226;u s&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#224;o l&#7883;ch s&#7917; m&#7929; thu&#7853;t Vi&#7879;t.</p><p>Ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng th&#7875; n&#243;i v&#7873; h&#7897;i h&#7885;a Vi&#7879;t Nam m&#224; kh&#244;ng nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n 20 n&#259;m c&#7911;a EBAI.</p><h2><strong>M&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#7863;t cho ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t</strong></h2><p>T&#7915; th&#7871; k&#7927; 19 &#273;&#7893; v&#7873; tr&#432;&#7899;c, truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng v&#7869; tranh, ch&#7841;m tr&#7893;, &#273;i&#234;u kh&#7855;c t&#7891;n t&#7841;i h&#224;ng ng&#224;n n&#259;m &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh th&#7911; c&#244;ng. Nh&#7919;ng s&#7853;p g&#7909; t&#7911; ch&#232; r&#7891;ng r&#7855;n u&#7889;n l&#432;&#7907;n (n&#7895;i kinh ho&#224;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t tr&#7867; khi v&#7873; qu&#234; d&#7885;n nh&#224; &#259;n T&#7871;t), nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#236;nh ch&#249;a, nh&#7919;ng tranh th&#7901; H&#224;ng Tr&#7889;ng, tranh kh&#7855;c g&#7895; L&#224;ng S&#236;nh, tranh &#272;&#244;ng H&#7891;, tranh Kim Ho&#224;ng,&#8230; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7897;p chung trong m&#7897;t kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m: ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t d&#226;n gian.</p><p>So v&#7899;i quan &#273;i&#7875;m ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t d&#226;n gian &#8220;x&#7913; Vi&#7877;n &#272;&#244;ng&#8221; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; hai &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t l&#7899;n: </p><ol><li><p>C&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; &#273;&#7891; v&#7853;t mang t&#237;nh &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng, trang tr&#237;.</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; th&#7907; th&#7911; c&#244;ng, kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#234;n tu&#7893;i hay n&#7863;ng t&#237;nh ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n.</p></li></ol><p>V&#7899;i vi&#7879;c th&#224;nh l&#7853;p EBAI, m&#7929; thu&#7853;t Vi&#7879;t Nam b&#432;&#7899;c sang trang m&#7899;i, n&#417;i m&#224;<strong> s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh t&#225;c ph&#7849;m</strong>, v&#224; c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u k&#253; t&#234;n m&#236;nh, &#273;&#7875; ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p h&#7885;a s&#297; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a danh t&#237;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg" width="960" height="1275" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1275,&quot;width&quot;:960,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLGp!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ff3155-fb4d-40b3-8731-bf05d89af23b_960x1275.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Th&#244;n n&#7919; B&#7855;c K&#7923;</em>, Nam S&#417;n (1935)</figcaption></figure></div><p>C&#249;ng v&#7899;i &#273;&#243;, EBAI mang theo c&#7843; c&#417; ch&#7871; &#273;&#7875; th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i h&#243;a ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t m&#7897;t c&#225;ch r&#7845;t ch&#226;u &#194;u: c&#225;c h&#7885;a s&#297; sau khi s&#225;ng t&#225;c xong, s&#7869; ti&#7871;p x&#250;c c&#7843; v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c tri&#7875;n l&#227;m, ph&#234; b&#236;nh, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng mua b&#225;n.</p><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t n&#7897;i dung, gi&#225;o &#225;n c&#7911;a EBAI bao g&#7891;m l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n h&#7897;i h&#7885;a, v&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y.</p><p>Nh&#432; v&#7853;y t&#7841;i EBAI, h&#7897;i h&#7885;a Vi&#7879;t Nam b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7853;n h&#224;nh trong <strong>m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng m&#7899;i, v&#7899;i c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; m&#7899;i</strong>.</p><h2><strong>&#272;&#244;ng T&#226;y h&#7897;i ng&#7897;</strong></h2><p>V&#7853;y th&#236; &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a Victor Tardieu t&#225;o b&#7841;o &#7903; ch&#7895; n&#224;o?</p><p>T&#244;i s&#7869; c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng Victor Tardieu, m&#7897;t v&#7883; c&#7913;u tinh da tr&#7855;ng<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a>, &#273;&#227; c&#243; t&#7847;m nh&#236;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh trong vi&#7879;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n h&#7897;i h&#7885;a &#272;&#244;ng D&#432;&#417;ng. &#212;ng tin r&#7857;ng <strong>truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t l&#7841;i ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c v&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t c&#7911;a ch&#226;u &#194;u l&#224; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911;</strong>. C&#225;c h&#7885;a s&#297; &#272;&#244;ng D&#432;&#417;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c truy&#7873;n c&#7843;m h&#7913;ng v&#7873; c&#7843; c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u &#193; &#272;&#244;ng, v&#224; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t d&#226;n gian, th&#7911; c&#244;ng m&#7929; ngh&#7879; Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>V&#7899;i t&#432; c&#225;ch l&#224; hi&#7879;u tr&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a EBAI, &#244;ng &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7845;u tranh &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c h&#7885;c sinh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#225;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i b&#7843;n s&#7855;c ri&#234;ng c&#7911;a d&#226;n t&#7897;c. Trong 20 n&#259;m ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a tr&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#225;c ch&#7911; th&#7875; v&#7873; &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng, khung c&#7843;nh, v&#224; con ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, c&#249;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u l&#7909;a, s&#417;n m&#224;i, g&#7889;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; cao ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cMK2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa02e2cb0-1260-4ca7-9a74-266a2ca29430_1600x1309.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cMK2!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa02e2cb0-1260-4ca7-9a74-266a2ca29430_1600x1309.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cMK2!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa02e2cb0-1260-4ca7-9a74-266a2ca29430_1600x1309.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cMK2!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa02e2cb0-1260-4ca7-9a74-266a2ca29430_1600x1309.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cMK2!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa02e2cb0-1260-4ca7-9a74-266a2ca29430_1600x1309.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cMK2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa02e2cb0-1260-4ca7-9a74-266a2ca29430_1600x1309.jpeg" width="1456" height="1191" 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cMK2!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa02e2cb0-1260-4ca7-9a74-266a2ca29430_1600x1309.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cMK2!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa02e2cb0-1260-4ca7-9a74-266a2ca29430_1600x1309.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cMK2!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa02e2cb0-1260-4ca7-9a74-266a2ca29430_1600x1309.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Tr&#7867; em ch&#417;i trong v&#432;&#7901;n</em>, L&#234; V&#259;n &#272;&#7879; (1942)</figcaption></figure></div><p>N&#259;m 1933, khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o r&#7857;ng c&#225;c t&#225;c ph&#7849;m t&#7915; EBAI c&#7847;n nhi&#7873;u m&#224;u s&#7855;c h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng th&#7883; hi&#7871;u c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, Victor Tardieu &#273;&#225;p l&#7841;i b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch khuy&#234;n c&#225;c sinh vi&#234;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh: </p><blockquote><p><em>&#272;&#7915;ng bao gi&#7901; &#273;&#7875; b&#7883; T&#226;y h&#243;a!</em></p></blockquote><p>Quan &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;y &#273;&#227; g&#243;p ph&#7847;n &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t th&#7871; h&#7879; c&#225;c h&#7885;a s&#297; Vi&#7879;t Nam xu&#7845;t s&#7855;c, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; &#225;p d&#7909;ng n&#7873;n gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ch&#226;u &#194;u l&#234;n c&#7843;m h&#7913;ng v&#224; ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u t&#7915; qu&#234; h&#432;&#417;ng, &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c t&#225;c ph&#7849;m tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7865;p, &#273;&#7847;y c&#7843;m x&#250;c, &#273;&#7847;y rung &#273;&#7897;ng&#8212;s&#7921; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m trong nh&#7919;ng tuy&#7879;t t&#225;c m&#224; c&#225; nh&#226;n t&#244;i ch&#432;a t&#236;m l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; b&#7845;t k&#7923; h&#7885;a s&#297; n&#224;o sau n&#224;y.</p><p>Tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#225;i c&#7911;a h&#7885; &#273;&#227; c&#243; t&#234;n ri&#234;ng: <strong>m&#7929; thu&#7853;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam</strong>.</p><h2><strong>Nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c tranh &#273;&#227; ra &#273;&#7901;i</strong></h2><p>B&#7873; m&#7863;t l&#224; l&#7909;a V&#226;n Nam.<br>Ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u l&#224; b&#7897;t m&#224;u v&#224; m&#7921;c T&#224;u.<br>K&#7929; thu&#7853;t l&#224; b&#7889; c&#7909;c t&#7841;o h&#236;nh Ph&#225;p.<br>Ch&#7911; th&#7875; l&#224; &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng l&#224;ng qu&#234; Vi&#7879;t.</p><p>Kh&#243;a &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a EBAI h&#7897;i t&#7909; nh&#7919;ng h&#7885;a s&#297; m&#224; sau n&#224;y l&#224;m n&#234;n t&#234;n tu&#7893;i c&#7911;a ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7871; gi&#7899;i nh&#432; L&#234; Ph&#7893;, Mai Trung Th&#7913;, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh, v&#224; L&#234; V&#259;n &#272;&#7879;. Trong s&#7889; 8 sinh vi&#234;n kh&#243;a I, L&#234; Ph&#7893; v&#224; Mai Trung Th&#7913; sau &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; sang Ph&#225;p &#273;&#7883;nh c&#432;.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n l&#253; do n&#7871;u t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; h&#7897;i h&#7885;a giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y 2 c&#225;i t&#234;n n&#224;y quen thu&#7897;c h&#417;n c&#7843;. <strong>Ph&#7893; v&#224; Th&#7913; l&#224; 2 h&#7885;a s&#297; c&#243; s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i h&#243;a theo ki&#7875;u ch&#226;u &#194;u ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh nh&#7845;t</strong>: t&#7889;t nghi&#7879;p EBAI, sang Ph&#225;p &#273;&#7883;nh c&#432;, tham gia c&#225;c tri&#7875;n l&#227;m nh&#243;m qu&#7889;c t&#7871;, t&#7893; ch&#7913;c c&#225;c tri&#7875;n l&#227;m c&#225; nh&#226;n, l&#432;u di&#7877;n kh&#7855;p ch&#226;u &#194;u v&#224; M&#7929;. C&#225;c t&#225;c ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a L&#234; Ph&#7893; v&#224; Mai Trung Th&#7913; &#273;&#227; ghi d&#7845;u tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y gi&#7919;a th&#7871; k&#7927; 20. &#272;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 2010, c&#225;c t&#225;c ph&#7849;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#259;n l&#249;ng v&#7899;i m&#7913;c gi&#225; k&#7927; l&#7909;c l&#234;n t&#7899;i h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u &#273;&#244; tr&#234;n c&#225;c phi&#234;n &#273;&#7845;u gi&#225; c&#7911;a Aguttes, Sotherby&#8217;s, Christie&#8217;s&#8212;ch&#237;nh th&#7913;c &#273;&#7863;t ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam l&#234;n m&#7897;t t&#7847;m (gi&#225;) cao m&#7899;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200" width="1456" height="1910" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1910,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gd8q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2885416-57a5-4787-8729-4953945ab157_2440x3200 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Nh&#7841;c c&#244;ng trong v&#432;&#7901;n</em>, L&#234; Ph&#7893; (ca. 1940)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Kh&#244;ng kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; th&#7845;y v&#236; sao c&#225;c t&#225;c ph&#7849;m tranh l&#7909;a c&#7911;a L&#234; Ph&#7893;, Mai Trung Th&#7913;, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh, L&#234; V&#259;n &#272;&#7879;, sau &#273;&#243; l&#224; V&#361; Cao &#272;&#224;m, L&#234; Th&#7883; L&#7921;u l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u th&#237;ch &#273;&#7871;n th&#7871;. Tranh c&#7911;a h&#7885; nh&#7887; nh&#7865; to&#225;t l&#234;n th&#7913; m&#224; gi&#7899;i ph&#234; b&#236;nh ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t hay g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;h&#7891;n c&#7889;t &#193; &#272;&#244;ng&#8221;.</p><p>Ri&#234;ng trong tranh c&#7911;a L&#234; Ph&#7893; v&#224; Mai Trung Th&#7913;, <strong>n&#233;t &#273;&#7865;p &#193; &#272;&#244;ng &#273;&#243; v&#7915;a v&#7863;n v&#7899;i th&#7883; hi&#7871;u ch&#226;u &#194;u h&#417;n c&#7843;</strong>. C&#225;c ch&#7911; th&#7875; c&#7911;a h&#7885;&#8212;nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; v&#224; tr&#7867; em c&#7911;a x&#7913; thu&#7897;c &#273;&#7883;a&#8212;lu&#244;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t trong khung c&#7843;nh ti&#7875;u t&#432; s&#7843;n c&#243; &#259;n c&#243; h&#7885;c v&#7915;a ph&#7843;i, tr&#234;n t&#7847;ng l&#7899;p n&#244;ng d&#226;n th&#244; l&#7895; m&#7897;t b&#7853;c, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n k&#233;m ng&#432;&#7901;i Ph&#225;p v&#259;n minh m&#7897;t b&#7853;c.</p><h2><strong>S&#417;n m&#224;i tr&#7903; l&#7841;i</strong></h2><p>Lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh c&#243; b&#432;&#7899;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t &#7903; EBAI c&#243; l&#7869; l&#224; s&#417;n m&#224;i. N&#7871;u nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y, s&#417;n m&#224;i Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; m&#7897;t ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u m&#7929; ngh&#7879;, ch&#7911; y&#7871;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; trang tr&#237; &#273;&#7891; v&#7853;t, th&#236; t&#7841;i EBAI, <strong>n&#243; &#273;&#227; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t k&#7929; thu&#7853;t h&#7897;i h&#7885;a ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh</strong>.</p><p>Ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a EBAI ch&#237;nh th&#7913;c &#273;&#432;a k&#7929; thu&#7853;t s&#417;n m&#224;i v&#224;o gi&#225;o &#225;n t&#7915; n&#259;m 1932. C&#225;c gi&#225;o vi&#234;n gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y b&#7897; m&#244;n n&#224;y &#273;&#227; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng s&#417;n m&#224;i c&#7911;a Nh&#7853;t, c&#249;ng v&#7899;i ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c c&#7911;a ngh&#7879; nh&#226;n Vi&#7879;t Nam nh&#432; &#272;inh V&#259;n Th&#224;nh. &#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; giai &#273;o&#7841;n mang t&#237;nh &#273;&#7897;t ph&#225; cho ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u c&#7911;a s&#417;n m&#224;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, khi c&#225;c h&#7885;a s&#297; nh&#432; Ph&#7841;m H&#7853;u, Tr&#7847;n V&#259;n C&#7849;n, Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#244;ng th&#7913;c pha ch&#7871; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i d&#7847;u tr&#7849;u, nh&#7921;a th&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra lo&#7841;i s&#417;n m&#7899;i, b&#234;n c&#7841;nh vi&#7879;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m v&#7899;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t m&#224;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z-Di!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z-Di!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z-Di!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z-Di!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z-Di!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z-Di!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png" width="1456" height="684" 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/__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z-Di!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z-Di!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z-Di!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6fac612-b3ba-4c0d-bbd4-358e3664c1ec_1946x914.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>L&#224;ng qu&#234;</em>, Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237; (1939)</figcaption></figure></div><p>C&#225;c t&#225;c ph&#7849;m tranh s&#417;n m&#224;i c&#7911;a giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c tranh kh&#7893; l&#7899;n gh&#233;p nhi&#7873;u t&#7845;m c&#7911;a Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237;, mang v&#7867; &#273;&#7865;p s&#7889;ng &#273;&#7897;ng, uy&#7875;n chuy&#7875;n, l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh v&#7869; s&#417;n m&#224;i &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i k&#7929; n&#259;ng &#273;i&#234;u luy&#7879;n v&#224; s&#7921; ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n. Trong s&#7889; 7 b&#7913;c tranh B&#7843;o v&#7853;t Qu&#7889;c gia c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;t Nam, c&#243; t&#7899;i 2 b&#7913;c s&#417;n m&#224;i c&#7911;a Nguy&#7877;n Gia Tr&#237;.</p><p>Tranh s&#417;n m&#224;i c&#7911;a ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#361;ng &#273;&#7863;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng cho c&#225;c h&#7885;a s&#297; &#273;&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7841;i sau n&#224;y. Sau khi t&#7889;t nghi&#7879;p EBAI, nhi&#7873;u h&#7885;a s&#297; m&#7903; x&#432;&#7903;ng s&#417;n m&#224;i ri&#234;ng, v&#7915;a s&#225;ng t&#225;c v&#7915;a &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o th&#7871; h&#7879; ti&#7871;p theo.</p><h2><strong>Tuy&#234;n ng&#244;n &#272;&#7897;c l&#7853;p</strong></h2><p>N&#259;m 1937, Victor Tardieu &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t qua &#273;&#7901;i. &#201;variste Jonch&#232;re &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7893; nhi&#7879;m l&#224;m hi&#7879;u tr&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7899;i. V&#224; k&#7867; c&#7913;u tinh da tr&#7855;ng l&#7847;n n&#224;y c&#243; quan &#273;i&#7875;m tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c h&#7859;n: &#244;ng t&#7915;ng n&#243;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c vi&#234;n ch&#7913;c th&#7921;c d&#226;n r&#7857;ng h&#7897;i h&#7885;a Vi&#7879;t Nam &#8220;&#273;a ph&#7847;n c&#243; t&#237;nh c&#225;ch trang tr&#237;&#8221;, v&#224; t&#7889;t h&#417;n n&#234;n &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o sinh vi&#234;n EBAI <strong>th&#224;nh</strong> <strong>ngh&#7879; nh&#226;n th&#7911; c&#244;ng h&#417;n l&#224; h&#7885;a s&#297; chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p</strong>. V&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n n&#224;y, nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ti&#7871;p theo c&#7911;a EBAI t&#7853;p trung nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#224;o m&#7929; ngh&#7879; v&#224; m&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng.</p><p>N&#259;m 1945, Nh&#7853;t &#273;&#7843;o ch&#237;nh Ph&#225;p &#7903; &#272;&#244;ng D&#432;&#417;ng. Ti&#7871;p theo l&#224; C&#225;ch m&#7841;ng th&#225;ng T&#225;m v&#224; H&#7891; Ch&#237; Minh &#273;&#7885;c tuy&#234;n ng&#244;n &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p &#7903; qu&#7843;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng Ba &#272;&#236;nh. EBAI ch&#237;nh th&#7913;c kh&#244;ng c&#242;n thu&#7897;c quy&#7873;n qu&#7843;n l&#253; c&#7911;a Ph&#225;p, m&#224; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Qu&#7889;c gia Vi&#7879;t Nam. Tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7893;i t&#234;n th&#224;nh Tr&#432;&#7901;ng Cao &#273;&#7859;ng M&#7929; thu&#7853;t (kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#272;&#244;ng D&#432;&#417;ng) do ch&#237;nh quy&#7873;n Vi&#7879;t Nam ti&#7871;p qu&#7843;n v&#224; T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n l&#234;n l&#224;m hi&#7879;u tr&#432;&#7903;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gS6f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6413ffa1-f478-49a6-aa79-7a13283f0471_1277x992.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gS6f!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gS6f!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6413ffa1-f478-49a6-aa79-7a13283f0471_1277x992.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gS6f!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6413ffa1-f478-49a6-aa79-7a13283f0471_1277x992.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gS6f!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6413ffa1-f478-49a6-aa79-7a13283f0471_1277x992.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Thuy&#7873;n tr&#234;n s&#244;ng H&#432;&#417;ng</em>, T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n (1935)</figcaption></figure></div><p><strong>T&#7915; &#273;&#226;y, s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o c&#7911;a c&#225;c h&#7885;a s&#297; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c sang trang m&#7899;i</strong>. Do ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh kh&#225;ng chi&#7871;n to&#224;n qu&#7889;c b&#249;ng n&#7893; cu&#7889;i 1946, Tr&#432;&#7901;ng Cao &#273;&#7859;ng M&#7929; thu&#7853;t tuy &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#224;nh l&#7853;p nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n, ph&#7843;i di t&#7843;n v&#224; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7847;m ch&#7915;ng. (H&#242;ng c&#7913; khi &#273;&#225;nh nhau th&#236; c&#225;c m&#244;n ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t l&#7841;i b&#7883; x&#7871;p cu&#7889;i l&#7899;p.) Sau Ph&#225;p th&#236; &#273;&#7871;n M&#7929;, <strong>t&#224;i nguy&#234;n v&#224; t&#224;i n&#259;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; cho h&#7897;i h&#7885;a c&#7913; th&#7871; c&#7841;n ki&#7879;t d&#7847;n</strong>. Nhi&#7873;u h&#7885;a s&#297; nh&#432; T&#244; Ng&#7885;c V&#226;n tham gia c&#225;ch m&#7841;ng, m&#7903; ra giai &#273;o&#7841;n ti&#7871;p theo cho m&#7929; thu&#7853;t Vi&#7879;t Nam: h&#7897;i h&#7885;a kh&#225;ng chi&#7871;n.</p><h2><strong>20 n&#259;m m&#7929; thu&#7853;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i</strong></h2><p>Ch&#7881; trong 20 n&#259;m ng&#7855;n ng&#7911;i, h&#7897;i h&#7885;a Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#227; ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n s&#7921; ra &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng t&#224;i n&#259;ng v&#224; nh&#7919;ng t&#225;c ph&#7849;m m&#224; m&#7897;t th&#7871; k&#7927; sau v&#7851;n l&#224;m rung &#273;&#7897;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i xem. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; giai &#273;o&#7841;n y&#234;u th&#237;ch nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a t&#244;i trong l&#7883;ch s&#7917; m&#7929; thu&#7853;t ch&#226;u &#193;: hai th&#7853;p k&#7927; mang t&#237;nh b&#7843;n l&#7873; cho m&#7897;t n&#7873;n h&#7897;i h&#7885;a, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7891;i b&#7857;ng nhi&#7873;u l&#7899;p t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p c&#7911;a ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a th&#7921;c d&#226;n, b&#7843;n s&#7855;c d&#226;n t&#7897;c, v&#7899;i c&#225;c nh&#226;n v&#7853;t c&#243; c&#225; t&#237;nh th&#250; v&#7883;, v&#224; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh m&#7897;t giai &#273;o&#7841;n l&#7883;ch s&#7917; quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p><strong>Nh&#432;ng suy cho c&#249;ng, &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7871;n t&#244;i ph&#7843;i l&#242;ng ngay t&#7915; c&#225;i nh&#236;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n ch&#7881; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c tranh</strong>&#8212;nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c tranh m&#224; khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c di&#7879;n ki&#7871;n, t&#244;i &#273;&#227; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; th&#7889;t n&#234;n l&#7901;i. Nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c tranh &#273;&#227; khi&#7871;n t&#244;i mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u t&#7845;t c&#7843;.</p><p>Jeanette Winterson t&#7915;ng vi&#7871;t v&#7873; vi&#7879;c ng&#7855;m tranh trong <em>Art Objects</em>:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>I had fallen in love and I had no language. I was dogdumb. The usual response of &#8216;This painting has nothing to say to me&#8217; had become &#8216;I have nothing to say to this painting&#8217;. And I desperately wanted to speak.</em></p></div><p>V&#224; m&#7895;i khi &#273;&#7913;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; m&#7863;c &#225;o d&#224;i v&#7899;i &#8220;l&#224;n thu th&#7911;y n&#233;t xu&#226;n s&#417;n&#8221;, nh&#7919;ng em b&#233; s&#225;ng trong n&#233;t ng&#226;y th&#417;, trong khung c&#7843;nh v&#432;&#7901;n hoa, ao sen, hay s&#226;n nh&#224; gi&#7843;n d&#7883;, nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;ng m&#224;u t&#432;&#417;i th&#7855;m hay nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng, nh&#7919;ng y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng da di&#7871;t v&#7873; m&#7897;t qu&#234; h&#432;&#417;ng v&#7915;a g&#7847;n l&#7841;i v&#7915;a xa, m&#7897;t Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921;ng l&#234;n gi&#7919;a m&#417; v&#224; th&#7853;t&#8230; </p><p>T&#244;i l&#7841;i th&#7845;y m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Victor Tardieu is an interesting example of a white saviour with a genuine admiration for local culture. Try searching for his name on Google and you will most certainly find a photograph of him posing in front of a famous mural he painted, titled <em>France Bringing to Her Colony the Benefits of Civilisation.</em></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Words used to describe a woman&#8217;s beauty in the Vietnamese epic <em>The Tale of Ki&#7873;u</em>.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>C&#243; l&#7869; Victor Tardieu l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; kh&#225; th&#250; v&#7883; cho k&#7867; c&#7913;u tinh da tr&#7855;ng c&#243; l&#242;ng &#225;i m&#7897; v&#259;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng. N&#7871;u t&#236;m t&#234;n Victor Tardieu tr&#234;n Google, ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y &#7843;nh &#244;ng &#273;ang t&#7841;o d&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c b&#7913;c b&#237;ch h&#7885;a do &#244;ng v&#7869; mang t&#234;n <em>N&#432;&#7899;c Ph&#225;p mang t&#7899;i cho thu&#7897;c &#273;&#7883;a nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh</em>.</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Write the Damn Tone Marks: It's Phở, Not Pho]]></title><description><![CDATA[To celebrate 40 years after the first computerisation of Vietnamese fonts, I pick a bone with Western media because everything is political (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/write-the-damn-tone-marks-its-pho</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/write-the-damn-tone-marks-its-pho</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2026 12:48:39 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jiv6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e28a9ac-fb03-4f21-88a8-4c354b357a0d_2788x1056.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Early this June, Michelin announced its 2026 Vietnam selections in <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DZKhvQTCqDh/">an Instagram post</a> introducing the latest additions to the guide. B&#224; Vui chicken sticky rice, Thanh V&#226;n rice rolls, et cetera. Never mind whether Michelin got these recommendations right&#8212;a debate that erupts every single year among Vietnamese foodies&#8212;what caught my eye was something else. <strong>The post was a typographic mess.</strong> Some Vietnamese names kept their tonal marks, others lost them. Some entries listed the dish, others the restaurant. Capitalisation was also a free-for-all. And of course, many of the characters rendered incorrectly because the font didn&#8217;t support Vietnamese. Michelin&#8217;s account has four million followers.</p><p>This was strike number one.</p><p>A few weeks later, I published my first essay on Substack, <em><a href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/what-makes-a-person">What Makes a Person</a></em>. Someone left a comment pointing out that the Vietnamese text was illegible for users reading in dark mode on the app. I replied, ah well, must be another unsupported Vietnamese font issue, what else is new.</p><p>Strike number two.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bOR9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bOR9!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bOR9!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bOR9!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bOR9!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bOR9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png" width="1456" height="792" 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/__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bOR9!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bOR9!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bOR9!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff59e02ec-68d9-4ac7-a97e-e887676c8d29_1672x910.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>The Little Readers</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1960)</figcaption></figure></div><p>A couple of days ago, I finally tracked down a 400-page art book, one of the most comprehensive studies ever published on modern Vietnamese art. It comes in French, English and Vietnamese, costs &#8364;75, and is every bit the lavish academic tome that price suggests. In the introduction, I found this reassuring note:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>We have tried as best we can to respect Vietnamese proper nouns as closely as possible to the diacritical accents used.</em></p></div><p>I was excited. Western publishers rarely bother with our tone marks. Well, the first typo appeared on page 44. It was a whole Vietnamese phrase with no tones.</p><p>Strike three.</p><p><strong>In less than three months, I&#8217;d watched the Vietnamese language be systematically mistreated on three separate occasions.</strong></p><p>Not to mention the countless times I&#8217;ve opened an article from one of the world&#8217;s most prestigious newsrooms&#8212;publications that pride themselves on meticulous editorial standards&#8212;only to find Vietnamese words quoted without their tone marks, or worse, with the wrong ones.</p><p>As for influencers and travel bloggers writing <em>ph&#7903;</em> as &#8220;ph&#244;&#8221;, or <em>b&#225;nh m&#236;</em> as &#8220;bahn mi&#8221;, that&#8217;s a daily thing.</p><p>Even well into the 2000s, books published in Vietnam by major houses&#8212;Literature Publishing House, Th&#7871; Gi&#7899;i, Writers&#8217; Association, among others&#8212;<strong>still had broken Vietnamese fonts on their covers.</strong> If you grew up in Vietnam as a millennial like I did, you&#8217;ll certainly remember the old display errors: letters carrying both a vowel mark and a tone mark&#8212;double-diacritic characters like &#7875;, &#7863;, or &#7905;&#8212;distorting on the page.</p><p>I had the privilege of watching Vietnamese typography grow up. I witnessed the first generation of Vietnamese designers painstakingly create properly localised typefaces for our language. We as a people owe those designers an enormous debt of gratitude. I hope that anyone who has ever localised a Vietnamese font gets to enjoy the most deeply satisfying sneeze whenever they feel one coming on.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>The first Vietnamese computerised typing system was actually developed in 1986<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>. H&#7891; Th&#224;nh Vi&#7879;t (John Ho), a Vietnamese-American computer engineer from Nha Trang, created the VNI encoding system, which remains one of the standard Vietnamese typing methods today. Did you know that students in southern Vietnam traditionally learned to type using VNI, while those in the north learned a different method called Telex? To this day, I still type VNI on my laptop, but use Telex on my phone<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a>.</p><p>In 1998, Microsoft finally added full Vietnamese diacritics to core fonts such as Arial, Tahoma and Verdana, marking the language&#8217;s entry into the global typographic standard.</p><p>Fast forward to 2026, Michelin&#8212;a brand built on celebrating cultural diversity, born from the very idea that travel broadens the mind&#8212;takes one look at these wishy-washy tones and says: close enough.</p><p>I&#8217;m not singling out Michelin here. Plenty of international publishers and major news organisations do the exact same thing. <strong>In a neocolonialist world, this kind of right will not be handed to us.</strong> We have to march right up to their faces and ask.</p><blockquote><p><em>But Tram, it&#8217;s hard. It&#8217;s inconvenient. If they&#8217;re not Vietnamese, how are they supposed to type the Vietnamese marks?</em></p></blockquote><p>The same way they managed to type <em>C&#244;te d&#8217;Azur</em>,<em> &#201;lys&#233;e</em>, or <em>Ca&#241;&#243;n del Colca</em> correctly. The same way they honoured borrowed words like <em>attach&#233;</em>, <em>d&#233;j&#224; vu</em>, and <em>doppelg&#228;nger</em>. The same way they remember to flip the opening question mark upside down in Spanish for <em>&#191;Hablas ingl&#233;s?</em></p><p>When you miss an accent in French, German or Spanish, you&#8217;re uncultured. But when you miss one in Vietnamese, it&#8217;s just standard global practice.</p><blockquote><p><em>But Tram, those languages are much more widely spoken. Vietnamese is tiny. Of course people don&#8217;t know.</em></p></blockquote><p><a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/vie/">According to Ethnologue</a>, Vietnamese is the 21st most spoken language in the world, roughly on par with Korean, placing it in the top 0.3% of the world&#8217;s 7,000 languages. It&#8217;s also the most widely spoken language in the Austroasiatic family.</p><p>Though that&#8217;s not the point.</p><p><strong>A language shouldn&#8217;t have to be popular to deserve respect.</strong> If anything, the fewer people who speak it, the more carefully it must be handled&#8212;especially by journalists, editors, and communicators. Smaller languages need protecting from being gradually mutated through careless reporting, passed from one article to another like a giant game of telephone <strong>until only the version most convenient for the West survives</strong>.</p><blockquote><p><em>But Tram,&#8230;</em></p></blockquote><p>Enough with the excuses. While you&#8217;re busy explaining away this ignorance, Turkey officially changed its international name to T&#252;rkiye, and overnight global media learned how to type an umlaut over &#252;.</p><p>The problem isn&#8217;t competence. The problem is intention.</p><p>Pronunciation, I can understand. Nguy&#7877;n is one of the most common surnames on Earth, yet most Westerners can only manage <em>&#8220;</em>nwin&#8221;<em>.</em> A foreign language is difficult, I get it. But spelling? <strong>Spelling has no excuse.</strong> All it takes is a Google search or an AI prompt.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg" width="1456" height="614" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:614,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FEo!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8456924-8cc6-4839-be2e-a9944a5ef0d6_3200x1349.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>The Children</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1965)</figcaption></figure></div><p>So why should we care about this?</p><p>Because respecting a language is the first step towards respecting the people. When someone can&#8217;t be bothered to spell the name of a dish or a place correctly, what they&#8217;re saying is: the dish or the place doesn&#8217;t matter. They&#8217;re waving a hand about &#8220;that beach in Vietnam&#8230; whatever it&#8217;s called&#8221;<em>.</em></p><p>When someone can&#8217;t be bothered to write a name&#8212;your name&#8212;properly, they aren&#8217;t looking at you as an individual with your own value, experiences, opinions and emotions. You&#8217;re just something foreign, alien. A detail too insignificant to get right.</p><p><strong>Worse still, in the context of imperialist nostalgia and eat-pray-love-ism, you become a prop to help white people seem more sophisticated.</strong></p><p>When they don&#8217;t bother spelling Vietnam correctly, they aren&#8217;t seeing Vietnam at all.</p><p>Let me tell you one last story.</p><p>When I was in Grade 10, I enrolled in an international school in Saigon after failing my first and second-choice public high schools. On the first day of class, my American homeroom teacher, blonde-haired and blue-eyed, asked me my name. Tram, I said. She asked again:</p><blockquote><p><em>And what&#8217;s your English name?</em></p></blockquote><p>I said I didn&#8217;t have one, just Tram. She smiled kindly, rested a hand on my shoulder, and said:</p><blockquote><p><em>Well, choose an English name for yourself, okay? It&#8217;ll help you fit in with the class, and it&#8217;ll make it easier for the teachers to pronounce.</em></p></blockquote><p>Amirite? </p><p>The truth is I can rant all I like, but I, too, was shaped by this same system. Guess what, my name is not even Tram. <strong>It&#8217;s Tr&#226;m!</strong></p><p>And for my last trick: I will put Vietnamese tone marks in the title of this Substack essay, double-diacritic and all, even though it will show distorted on a lot of devices, including my own phone.</p><p>So, my fellow Vietnamese, if you ever write for a foreign audience, keep the tone marks. Open up the parentheses, apostrophes, and quotation marks. Teach them how to write our language. If you see &#8220;ph&#244;&#8221;, if you see &#8220;bahn mi&#8221;, if you see &#8220;Danang&#8221;, correct it. Complain. Be annoyed. Be angry. Because this is what cultural supremacy looks like. <strong>This is how power leaves its dirty little fingerprints on language.</strong></p><p>And if we stop paying attention, one day we won&#8217;t just lose our tone marks. We may lose something much harder to recover.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/write-the-damn-tone-marks-its-pho?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/write-the-damn-tone-marks-its-pho?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>40 n&#259;m theo d&#7845;u ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t</h1><p>&#272;&#7847;u th&#225;ng S&#225;u, Michelin c&#244;ng b&#7889; danh s&#225;ch 2026 &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam, k&#7875; t&#234;n c&#225;c h&#224;ng qu&#225;n m&#7899;i g&#243;p m&#7863;t trong m&#7897;t <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DZKhvQTCqDh/">b&#224;i &#273;&#259;ng Instagram</a>. N&#224;o x&#244;i g&#224; B&#224; Vui, n&#224;o b&#225;nh cu&#7889;n Thanh V&#226;n. Khoan n&#243;i Michelin c&#243; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; &#273;&#250;ng hay kh&#244;ng v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng m&#243;n n&#224;y (m&#7897;t ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; m&#224; n&#259;m n&#224;o c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ham &#259;n Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#361;ng tranh c&#227;i v&#244; c&#249;ng s&#244;i n&#7893;i), t&#244;i &#273;&#7875; &#253; th&#7845;y b&#224;i &#273;&#259;ng c&#7911;a Michelin l&#7893;n nh&#224; l&#7893;n nh&#7893;n. Ch&#7895; th&#236; b&#7887; d&#7845;u ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t, ch&#7895; th&#236; kh&#244;ng. Ch&#7895; th&#236; ghi t&#234;n m&#243;n, ch&#7895; l&#7841;i ch&#7881; ghi t&#234;n qu&#225;n. Ch&#7895; th&#236; vi&#7871;t hoa, ch&#7895; th&#236; kh&#244;ng vi&#7871;t hoa. <strong>V&#224; d&#297; nhi&#234;n t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u hi&#7875;n th&#7883; l&#7895;i v&#236; font kh&#244;ng h&#7895; tr&#7907; ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t.</strong> T&#224;i kho&#7843;n Instagram n&#224;y c&#7911;a Michelin c&#243; 4 tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i theo d&#245;i.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; v&#7841;ch th&#7913; nh&#7845;t.</p><p>V&#224;i tu&#7847;n sau &#273;&#243;, t&#244;i m&#7903; Substack v&#224; &#273;&#259;ng b&#224;i &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n <em><a href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/what-makes-a-person">Danh t&#237;nh c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i</a></em>, c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n v&#224; ch&#7881; ra ph&#7847;n ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t trong b&#224;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;n th&#7883; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng dark mode tr&#234;n app. T&#244;i &#273;&#227; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i r&#7857;ng &#244;i th&#236; qu&#225; quen thu&#7897;c, l&#7895;i font ch&#7919; ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t, kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; l&#7841;.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; v&#7841;ch th&#7913; hai.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-ry-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fa7ea09-796f-41cc-8ff2-af8caba783ed_3200x2375.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-ry-!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fa7ea09-796f-41cc-8ff2-af8caba783ed_3200x2375.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-ry-!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fa7ea09-796f-41cc-8ff2-af8caba783ed_3200x2375.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-ry-!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fa7ea09-796f-41cc-8ff2-af8caba783ed_3200x2375.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-ry-!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1fa7ea09-796f-41cc-8ff2-af8caba783ed_3200x2375.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>&#272;&#7885;c s&#225;ch</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1964)</figcaption></figure></div><p>M&#7845;y ng&#224;y tr&#432;&#7899;c, t&#244;i v&#7915;a l&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cu&#7889;n art book h&#417;n 400 trang, m&#7897;t c&#244;ng tr&#236;nh nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7891; s&#7897; h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u v&#7873; m&#7929; thu&#7853;t Vi&#7879;t Nam hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i. Cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n b&#7857;ng c&#7843; 3 th&#7913; ti&#7871;ng Ph&#225;p, Anh, Vi&#7879;t, c&#243; gi&#225; b&#236;a &#8364;75, v&#224; h&#224;n l&#226;m b&#225;c h&#7885;c y nh&#432; c&#225;i gi&#225; &#273;&#243;. Trong ph&#7847;n m&#7903; &#273;&#7847;u, s&#225;ch c&#243; ghi ch&#250;:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>C&#225;ch vi&#7871;t t&#234;n ri&#234;ng ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t c&#243; d&#7845;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7889;i &#273;a.</em></p></div><p>T&#244;i &#273;&#227; h&#224;o h&#7913;ng v&#244; c&#249;ng, ch&#7843; m&#7845;y khi b&#234;n T&#226;y h&#7885; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng d&#7845;u thanh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. K&#7871;t qu&#7843;: l&#7895;i ch&#237;nh t&#7843; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n &#7903; trang 44. C&#7843; m&#7897;t c&#7909;m ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng d&#7845;u. </p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; v&#7841;ch th&#7913; ba.</p><p><strong>Ch&#7881; trong ch&#432;a &#273;&#7847;y m&#7897;t qu&#253; m&#224; t&#244;i b&#7855;t g&#7863;p c&#7843;nh ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#7883; k&#7923; th&#7883; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#7871;n ba l&#7847;n.</strong></p><p>Ch&#432;a k&#7875; v&#244; s&#7889; nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n t&#244;i &#273;&#7885;c tin t&#7915; b&#225;o ch&#237; qu&#7889;c t&#7871;, nh&#7919;ng t&#242;a so&#7841;n chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p h&#7871;t l&#7845;c c&#7911;a chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p, h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u h&#7871;t l&#7845;c c&#7911;a h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u, v&#224; h&#7885; tr&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng c&#7909;m t&#7915; ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t kh&#244;ng d&#7845;u, sai d&#7845;u.</p><p>C&#242;n g&#7863;p influencer hay travel blogger vi&#7871;t ph&#7903; l&#224; &#8220;ph&#244;&#8221;, b&#225;nh m&#236; l&#224; &#8220;bahn mi&#8221; th&#236; &#244; hay m&#7895;i ng&#224;y.</p><p>Cho &#273;&#7871;n t&#7853;n nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 2000, nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7847;u s&#225;ch ph&#225;t h&#224;nh trong n&#432;&#7899;c c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#224; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n l&#7899;n: V&#259;n h&#7885;c, Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, H&#7897;i nh&#224; v&#259;n, v.v. <strong>v&#7851;n b&#7883; l&#7895;i font hi&#7875;n th&#7883; ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t ngay tr&#234;n b&#236;a</strong>. N&#7871;u l&#7899;n l&#234;n c&#249;ng th&#7871; h&#7879; 9X nh&#432; t&#244;i, b&#7841;n ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; g&#7863;p c&#225;c l&#7895;i quen thu&#7897;c n&#224;y: bi&#7871;n d&#7841;ng c&#225;c ch&#7919; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n m&#7897;t d&#7845;u, t&#7913;c l&#224; v&#7915;a c&#243; d&#7845;u m&#361;/m&#243;c/tr&#259;ng v&#7915;a c&#243; d&#7845;u thanh, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; &#7875;, &#7863;, hay &#7905;.</p><p>T&#244;i &#273;&#227; ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n cu&#7897;c chuy&#7875;n m&#236;nh c&#7911;a font ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t, v&#7899;i n&#7895; l&#7921;c c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n l&#224;m ra b&#7897; font Vi&#7879;t h&#243;a cho ng&#224;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871;. &#272;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#250;ng ta n&#7907; h&#7885; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u l&#7901;i c&#7843;m &#417;n. T&#244;i mong t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915;ng Vi&#7879;t h&#243;a font, khi mu&#7889;n h&#7855;t h&#417;i s&#7869; lu&#244;n h&#7855;t h&#417;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7853;t l&#224; &#273;&#227;.</p><p>B&#7897; ch&#7919; &#273;&#225;nh m&#225;y Vi&#7879;t h&#243;a th&#7911;y t&#7893; th&#7921;c ra &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#7915; 1986, do H&#7891; Th&#224;nh Vi&#7879;t (John Ho), m&#7897;t k&#7929; s&#432; &#273;i&#7879;n to&#225;n ng&#432;&#7901;i M&#7929; g&#7889;c Vi&#7879;t sinh &#7903; Nha Trang t&#7841;o ra<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a>. &#212;ng ph&#225;t minh b&#7843;ng m&#227; VNI, c&#225;ch &#273;&#225;nh m&#225;y m&#224; &#273;&#7871;n b&#226;y gi&#7901; ch&#250;ng ta v&#7851;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng. B&#7841;n c&#243; bi&#7871;t l&#224; khi x&#432;a h&#7885;c sinh mi&#7873;n Nam s&#7869; h&#7885;c &#273;&#225;nh m&#225;y VNI, c&#242;n h&#7885;c sinh mi&#7873;n B&#7855;c s&#7869; h&#7885;c &#273;&#225;nh m&#225;y Telex? Th&#7871; n&#234;n &#273;&#7871;n b&#226;y gi&#7901; tr&#234;n laptop t&#244;i v&#7851;n &#273;&#225;nh VNI c&#242;n tr&#234;n &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i t&#244;i s&#7869; b&#7887; d&#7845;u ki&#7875;u Telex<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="#footnote-4" target="_self">4</a>.</p><p>N&#259;m 1998, Microsoft b&#7893; sung d&#7845;u ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t v&#224;o c&#225;c b&#7897; font c&#417; b&#7843;n nh&#432; Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u b&#432;&#7899;c chuy&#7875;n sang chu&#7849;n to&#224;n c&#7847;u c&#7911;a d&#7845;u ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t.</p><p>N&#259;m 2026, c&#225;c ph&#243;ng vi&#234;n c&#7911;a Michelin, m&#7897;t th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a s&#7921; &#273;a d&#7841;ng v&#259;n h&#243;a, m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; vi&#7879;c &#273;i &#273;&#226;y &#273;i &#273;&#243; m&#7903; mang t&#7847;m nh&#236;n, b&#7843;o l&#224;: <em>th&#244;i kh&#7887;i</em>.</p><p>T&#244;i kh&#244;ng b&#234;u r&#7871;u g&#236; ri&#234;ng m&#236;nh Michelin &#7903; &#273;&#226;y, v&#236; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u c&#225;c nh&#224; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n, c&#225;c t&#242;a so&#7841;n l&#7899;n kh&#225;c c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i c&#361;ng &#273;&#7873;u nh&#432; th&#7871;. <strong>Trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i c&#7911;a ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a th&#7921;c d&#226;n m&#7899;i, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; th&#7913; quy&#7873;n m&#224; n&#7871;u ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng &#273;&#242;i th&#236; s&#7869; ch&#7859;ng ai cho.</strong></p><blockquote><p><em>Nh&#432;ng m&#224; Tr&#226;m &#417;i, n&#243; kh&#243;, n&#243; phi&#7873;n, n&#7871;u h&#7885; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t th&#236; sao h&#7885; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t?</em></p></blockquote><p>B&#7857;ng c&#225;i c&#225;ch m&#224; h&#7885; n&#7855;n n&#243;t &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u khi vi&#7871;t v&#7873; <em>C&#244;te d&#8217;Azur, &#201;lys&#233;e</em> hay <em>Ca&#241;&#243;n del Colca</em> &#7845;y. Ho&#7863;c l&#224; c&#225;ch m&#224; h&#7885; vi&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; m&#432;&#7907;n nh&#432; <em>attach&#233;, d&#233;j&#224; vu</em>, v&#224; <em>doppelg&#228;nger</em> &#7845;y. C&#7843; c&#225;ch m&#224; h&#7885; c&#7845;t c&#244;ng l&#7897;n ng&#432;&#7907;c d&#7845;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#7875; tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n ti&#7871;ng T&#226;y Ban Nha ki&#7875;u nh&#432; <em>&#191;Hablas ingl&#233;s? </em>&#7845;y. </p><p>Khi b&#7841;n b&#7887; d&#7845;u sai trong ti&#7871;ng Ph&#225;p, ti&#7871;ng &#272;&#7913;c, hay ti&#7871;ng T&#226;y Ban Nha, th&#236; b&#7841;n b&#7883; coi l&#224; v&#259;n h&#243;a l&#249;n. Nh&#432;ng khi b&#7841;n b&#7887; d&#7845;u sai trong ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t, th&#236; &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i l&#224; ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n qu&#7889;c t&#7871;.</p><blockquote><p><em>Nh&#432;ng m&#224; Tr&#226;m &#417;i, nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; ti&#7871;ng kia r&#7845;t ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n, nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i l&#7855;m, c&#242;n ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t &#273;&#226;u c&#243; ai n&#243;i &#273;&#226;u, n&#234;n sao ng&#432;&#7901;i ta bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c?</em></p></blockquote><p><a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/vie/">Ethnologue b&#225;o c&#225;o</a> ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng 21 tr&#234;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&#7873; &#273;&#7897; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n, ngang ng&#7917;a ti&#7871;ng H&#224;n, n&#7857;m trong top 0.3% tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng s&#7889; 7,000 ng&#244;n ng&#7919;. Ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t c&#361;ng l&#224; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; thu&#7897;c ng&#7919; h&#7879; Nam &#193; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i nh&#7845;t.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng t&#244;i th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c n&#224;y kh&#244;ng li&#234;n quan. </p><p><strong>M&#7897;t ng&#244;n ng&#7919; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i th&#244;ng d&#7909;ng th&#236; m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng.</strong> Tr&#225;i l&#7841;i, ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#224;ng &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i, l&#7841;i c&#224;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i c&#7849;n th&#7853;n h&#417;n, nh&#7845;t l&#224; t&#7915; g&#243;c &#273;&#7897; m&#7897;t ph&#243;ng vi&#234;n, nh&#224; b&#225;o, hay ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng. B&#7903;i v&#236; &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i n&#234;n n&#243; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;o t&#7891;n, b&#7843;o v&#7879;, tr&#225;nh sai l&#7879;ch &#273;i qua t&#7915;ng b&#224;i b&#225;o v&#244; t&#226;m nh&#432; ki&#7875;u m&#7897;t tr&#242; tam sao th&#7845;t b&#7843;n, <strong>m&#224; b&#7843;n sau c&#249;ng ch&#7881; c&#7847;n ti&#7879;n ph&#7909;c v&#7909; cho ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y nh&#7845;t l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</strong></p><blockquote><p><em>Nh&#432;ng m&#224; Tr&#226;m &#417;i,&#8230;</em></p></blockquote><p>Th&#244;i &#273;&#7915;ng c&#7855;c c&#7899; t&#244;i n&#7919;a. Trong khi b&#7841;n c&#7913; m&#7843;i t&#236;m l&#253; do ch&#7889;ng ch&#7871; cho s&#7921; th&#7901; &#417; n&#224;y, Th&#7893; Nh&#297; K&#7923; &#273;&#7893;i t&#234;n n&#432;&#7899;c t&#7915; Turkey sang T&#252;rkiye v&#224; ch&#7881; sau m&#7897;t &#273;&#234;m, t&#7845;t c&#7843; b&#225;o &#273;&#224;i da tr&#7855;ng &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u umlaut l&#234;n ch&#7919; &#252;.</p><p>V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224; &#253; th&#7913;c.</p><p>Ph&#225;t &#226;m m&#7897;t th&#7913; ti&#7871;ng kh&#225;c kh&#243; th&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#224;nh. &#7914; th&#236; h&#7885; Nguy&#7877;n l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng h&#7885; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i nh&#432;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y v&#7851;n ch&#7881; &#8220;wyen wyen&#8221;, t&#244;i th&#244;ng c&#7843;m. <strong>Nh&#432;ng vi&#7871;t th&#236; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; c&#243; l&#253; do l&#253; tr&#7845;u g&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</strong> T&#7845;t c&#7843; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t nh&#225;t b&#7845;m Google ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t c&#226;u l&#7879;nh AI l&#224; xong.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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/__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e28a9ac-fb03-4f21-88a8-4c354b357a0d_2788x1056.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jiv6!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e28a9ac-fb03-4f21-88a8-4c354b357a0d_2788x1056.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jiv6!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e28a9ac-fb03-4f21-88a8-4c354b357a0d_2788x1056.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jiv6!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e28a9ac-fb03-4f21-88a8-4c354b357a0d_2788x1056.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>&#272;&#7885;c s&#225;ch</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1964)</figcaption></figure></div><p>V&#7853;y t&#7841;i sao ch&#250;ng ta n&#234;n quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c n&#224;y?</p><p>B&#7903;i v&#236; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng ng&#244;n ng&#7919; l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng d&#226;n t&#7897;c. Khi h&#7885; kh&#244;ng bu&#7891;n vi&#7871;t &#273;&#250;ng t&#234;n m&#243;n, &#273;&#250;ng t&#234;n &#273;&#7883;a danh, l&#224; h&#7885; &#273;ang coi nh&#7919;ng m&#243;n &#7845;y, nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i &#7845;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;. H&#7885; &#273;ang ph&#7849;y tay v&#224; n&#243;i l&#224; &#8220;b&#227;i bi&#7875;n M&#7929; Kh&#234; hay g&#236; g&#236; &#273;&#243;&#8221;. </p><p>Khi h&#7885; kh&#244;ng bu&#7891;n vi&#7871;t &#273;&#250;ng t&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i&#8212;&#273;&#250;ng t&#234;n b&#7841;n&#8212;l&#224; h&#7885; &#273;ang kh&#244;ng nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n b&#7841;n nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225; nh&#226;n v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883;, kinh nghi&#7879;m, c&#7843;m x&#250;c, quan &#273;i&#7875;m ri&#234;ng. B&#7841;n ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#7921;c th&#7875; ngo&#7841;i lai, xa l&#7841; v&#224; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t. M&#7897;t chi ti&#7871;t kh&#244;ng &#273;&#225;ng c&#7855;t ngh&#297;a.</p><p><strong>T&#7879; h&#417;n n&#7919;a, trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n v&#259;n h&#243;a n&#7917;a m&#249;a ki&#7875;u eat pray love hay ho&#224;i ni&#7879;m &#273;&#7871; qu&#7889;c, b&#7841;n ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i da tr&#7855;ng tr&#7903; n&#234;n tao nh&#227; h&#417;n.</strong></p><p>Khi h&#7885; kh&#244;ng bu&#7891;n vi&#7871;t &#273;&#250;ng ch&#237;nh t&#7843; v&#7873; Vi&#7879;t Nam, l&#224; h&#7885; &#273;ang kh&#244;ng nh&#236;n th&#7845;y Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; t&#244;i k&#7875; n&#7889;t m&#7897;t chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y.</p><p>H&#7891;i l&#7899;p 10, t&#244;i v&#224;o h&#7885;c m&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng qu&#7889;c t&#7871; &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam (do t&#244;i thi tr&#432;&#7907;t c&#7843; nguy&#7879;n v&#7885;ng quay l&#7841;i chuy&#234;n Tr&#7847;n &#272;&#7841;i Ngh&#297;a l&#7851;n nguy&#7879;n v&#7885;ng 1 Nguy&#7877;n Th&#7883; Minh Khai). Ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n v&#224;o l&#7899;p, c&#244; gi&#225;o ch&#7911; nhi&#7879;m t&#243;c v&#224;ng m&#7855;t xanh ng&#432;&#7901;i M&#7929; h&#7887;i t&#244;i t&#234;n g&#236;. T&#244;i b&#7843;o t&#234;n Tr&#226;m. C&#244; h&#7887;i ti&#7871;p:</p><blockquote><p><em>T&#234;n ti&#7871;ng Anh c&#7911;a em l&#224; g&#236;?</em></p></blockquote><p>T&#244;i b&#7843;o t&#244;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#234;n ti&#7871;ng Anh, t&#234;n Tr&#226;m th&#244;i. C&#244; nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng c&#432;&#7901;i duy&#234;n, &#273;&#7863;t tay l&#234;n vai t&#244;i v&#224; b&#7843;o:</p><blockquote><p><em>Th&#7871; em h&#227;y suy ngh&#297; v&#224; ch&#7885;n cho m&#236;nh m&#7897;t c&#225;i t&#234;n ti&#7871;ng Anh nh&#233;, &#273;&#7875; h&#242;a nh&#7853;p v&#7899;i c&#7843; l&#7899;p v&#224; c&#361;ng d&#7877; cho c&#225;c th&#7847;y c&#244; ph&#225;t &#226;m n&#7919;a.</em></p></blockquote><p>Nh&#7875;?</p><p>M&#224; ch&#7917;i cho d&#7919; v&#244;, song ch&#237;nh t&#244;i c&#361;ng l&#224; n&#7841;n nh&#226;n c&#7911;a s&#7921; k&#7923; th&#7883; c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng n&#224;y. <strong>T&#234;n t&#244;i l&#224; Tr&#226;m ch&#7913; &#273;&#226;u ph&#7843;i Tram.</strong> T&#7913;c thi&#7879;t ch&#7899;!</p><p>C&#242;n c&#225;i n&#224;y t&#7913;c h&#417;n n&#7919;a n&#232;: n&#7871;u t&#244;i vi&#7871;t ch&#7919; c&#243; d&#7845;u ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t trong t&#7921;a b&#224;i Substack n&#224;y, n&#243; s&#7869; hi&#7875;n th&#7883; l&#7895;i tr&#234;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u thi&#7871;t b&#7883;, trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; ch&#237;nh &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i.</p><p>Cho n&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t m&#236;nh &#7841;, n&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#243; vi&#7871;t b&#224;i, vi&#7871;t b&#225;o cho T&#226;y, h&#227;y &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u &#273;&#7911;, h&#227;y m&#7903; ngo&#7863;c &#273;&#417;n ngo&#7863;c k&#233;p m&#224; d&#7841;y cho h&#7885;. N&#7871;u th&#7845;y &#8220;ph&#244;&#8221;, n&#7871;u th&#7845;y &#8220;bahn mi&#8221;, n&#7871;u th&#7845;y &#8220;Danang&#8221;, h&#227;y c&#7913; b&#7921;c l&#234;n. H&#227;y t&#7913;c gi&#7853;n. H&#227;y h&#243;a th&#226;n c&#7843;nh s&#225;t ch&#237;nh t&#7843;. H&#227;y s&#7917;a. H&#227;y ch&#234;. <strong>B&#7903;i v&#236; &#273;&#243; l&#224; hi&#7879;n h&#236;nh c&#7911;a con y&#234;u qu&#225;i th&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7859;ng da tr&#7855;ng. B&#7903;i v&#236; &#273;&#243; l&#224; c&#225;ch m&#224; ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; th&#7921;c d&#226;n &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng d&#7845;u v&#226;n tay b&#7849;n t&#432;&#7903;i c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#234;n ng&#244;n ng&#7919;.</strong></p><p>V&#224; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n s&#417; h&#7903; m&#7897;t ch&#250;t, d&#226;n t&#7897;c m&#236;nh s&#7869; m&#7845;t d&#7845;u l&#250;c n&#224;o ch&#7859;ng hay.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/write-the-damn-tone-marks-its-pho?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/write-the-damn-tone-marks-its-pho?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Nerd alert: Saigoneer has a great series on the history of Vietnamese typing technologies, you can <a href="https://saigoneer.com/saigon-technology/13736-typing-vietnamese,-part-1-language,-identity-and-technology-at-a-crossroad">find it here</a>.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>The Telex input method originated in telegraphy. Because international telegraph machines could only transmit the basic Latin alphabet, Nguy&#7877;n V&#259;n V&#297;nh, a scholar from northern Vietnam, devised a system of typing letters in place of Vietnamese tone marks so Vietnamese messages could be sent without encoding errors. In the late 80s, early northern Vietnamese typing software such as VietStar and BKED incorporated the Telex method into computers.</p><p>The VNI input method was developed by H&#7891; Th&#224;nh Vi&#7879;t partly to solve a different problem: switching seamlessly between Vietnamese and English while typing. Unlike Telex, VNI avoided the automatic character substitutions that could occur when typing bilingual text.</p><p>The reason Telex became dominant in northern Vietnam while VNI prevailed in the south is because of the education system and software distribution. Throughout the 90s, public schools and major universities in the north taught introductory computing using BKED and the Telex input method. In the south, before the release of UniKey, VNI-Win dominated the market. Most computers sold in Saigon and across southern Vietnam came with the software pre-installed, shaping the typing habits of an entire generation.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Saigoneer c&#243; m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i b&#224;i r&#7845;t hay v&#7873; l&#7883;ch s&#7917; ch&#7919; ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t &#273;&#225;nh m&#225;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; <a href="https://saigoneer.com/vn/technology/16537-g%C3%B5-ti%E1%BA%BFng-vi%E1%BB%87t,-ph%E1%BA%A7n-1-cu%E1%BB%99c-t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng-ng%E1%BB%99-gi%E1%BB%AFa-ng%C3%B4n-ng%E1%BB%AF,-danh-t%C3%ADnh-v%C3%A0-c%C3%B4ng-ngh%E1%BB%87">&#273;&#7885;c &#7903; &#273;&#226;y</a>.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-4" href="#footnote-anchor-4" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">4</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Ki&#7875;u g&#245; Telex c&#243; ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c t&#7915; ng&#224;nh &#273;i&#7879;n t&#237;n. Do m&#225;y &#273;i&#7879;n t&#237;n c&#7911;a n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#224;i ch&#7881; nh&#7853;n k&#253; t&#7921; ch&#7919; c&#225;i Latin c&#417; b&#7843;n, &#244;ng Nguy&#7877;n V&#259;n V&#297;nh (ng&#432;&#7901;i mi&#7873;n B&#7855;c) &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t minh ra quy &#432;&#7899;c g&#245; ch&#7919; thay d&#7845;u &#273;&#7875; truy&#7873;n &#273;i&#7879;n t&#237;n ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t kh&#244;ng b&#7883; l&#7895;i. Cu&#7889;i th&#7853;p ni&#234;n 1980, c&#225;c ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m g&#245; d&#7845;u t&#7841;i mi&#7873;n B&#7855;c nh&#432; VietStar hay BKED t&#237;ch h&#7907;p ki&#7875;u g&#245; Telex v&#224;o m&#225;y t&#237;nh.</p><p>Ki&#7875;u g&#245; VNI do &#244;ng H&#7891; Th&#224;nh Vi&#7879;t ph&#225;t minh ra m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c vi&#7879;c &#273;&#225;nh m&#225;y &#273;an xen ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t v&#224; ti&#7871;ng Anh li&#234;n t&#7909;c, kh&#244;ng b&#7883; l&#7895;i nh&#7843;y ch&#7919; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#432; Telex.</p><p>Mi&#7873;n B&#7855;c chu&#7897;ng Telex, mi&#7873;n Nam chu&#7897;ng VNI l&#224; do &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng gi&#225;o d&#7909;c v&#224; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i m&#225;y t&#237;nh. Nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 90, tr&#432;&#7901;ng c&#244;ng l&#7853;p v&#224; c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c l&#7899;n t&#7841;i mi&#7873;n B&#7855;c (nh&#432; B&#225;ch Khoa, T&#7893;ng H&#7907;p) s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m BKED v&#224; b&#7897; g&#245; Telex &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y tin h&#7885;c &#273;&#7901;i &#273;&#7847;u. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, tr&#432;&#7899;c UniKey th&#236; ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m VNI-Win c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty VNI th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng mi&#7873;n Nam. Ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#225;c m&#225;y t&#237;nh &#7903; S&#224;i G&#242;n v&#224; c&#225;c t&#7881;nh ph&#237;a Nam &#273;&#7873;u c&#224;i s&#7861;n ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m n&#224;y.</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Far from Home: A Letter from the Canadian Rockies]]></title><description><![CDATA[You can take the girl out of Vietnam and she will see that distance has a way of bringing her back (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/far-from-home-a-letter-from-the-canadian</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/far-from-home-a-letter-from-the-canadian</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 08 Aug 2026 12:06:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On the drive from Calgary Airport in Alberta to Canmore, a tiny town tucked beneath the Canadian Rockies, I caught my first glimpse of North America in all its grandeur. The Rockies rose in immense walls, their peaks brushed with snow. Endless forests of pine stretched for miles, so vast they seemed not to move at all, no matter how far the car travelled. It was the complete opposite of the tropical landscape I had grown up with. As I struggled to take in the beauty of Alberta, another thought settled over me: <strong>I was very, very far from home.</strong></p><p>The distance between Saigon and Calgary is 12,090 kilometres. On a map, the journey spans nearly half the circumference of the Earth. On the Northern Hemisphere, it&#8217;s almost as far from Saigon as I could possibly have gone.</p><p>Perhaps you only get to feel that kind of distance once in a lifetime. No matter how much farther I travelled after this, I doubted anything would ever feel quite so overwhelming again, at least not in the same way. Until then, landscapes like this had existed only in the movies I watched as a child.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg" width="1456" height="1088" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1088,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4j1B!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc917787f-8d67-4076-aa78-02c691a1c02d_3200x2392.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Reading</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1956)</figcaption></figure></div><p>When I was little, I spent my days reading adventure stories and watching &#8216;Western&#8217; movies, dreaming about distant places. Whenever I came across strange landscapes, I&#8217;d tell myself one day I&#8217;d be there. <strong>I never knew when </strong><em><strong>one day</strong></em><strong> would come</strong>. That <em>one day</em> floated somewhere between fantasy and reality: deep down I believed, without question, that I&#8217;d reach those faraway places eventually, even though no path in front of me seemed to lead there.</p><p>Until that afternoon, standing alone before the Canadian Rockies for the first time, I realised my <em>one day</em> had finally crossed into existence, forever leaving behind the mist of dreaming and believing.</p><p>When we reached Canmore, the town itself took my breath away all over again. Wooden houses sat cradled beneath an amphitheatre of rugged mountain peaks. Layers of shale and limestone rose behind them, their slopes cloaked in dark pine forests, their summits dusted with snow, forming a magnificent backdrop to the little town below. Canmore stretched for barely three kilometres along a single road. Caf&#233;s and restaurants lined the main street in an easy scatter, and the neighbourhoods beyond them spread into further stillness.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Life in Canmore seemed to carry itself with a kind of quiet respect for the Rockies towering beside it, despite the motorway running close by. All I could hear were the murmur of a creek beneath a wooden bridge, a bird&#8217;s song from the top of a road sign, and the chatters of hikers somewhere along a distant trail. The sounds of Canmore felt as clear as its air.</p><p>Originally, I had planned to stop in Canmore only as a base for visiting Banff National Park. But photographs of the town looked so charming that I decided to linger for a few extra days. Even an ordinary walk through Canmore felt extraordinary because of the incredible landscape. </p><p>I wondered whether the people who woke up every morning surrounded by this scenery here ever grew used to it, whether one day it simply became the norm, <strong>as all great things eventually do</strong>. I, on the other hand, only had a few days here. With every greedy breath, I tried to draw the whole mountainscape into my lungs.</p><p>On my final night, I packed my bags and moved into the headquarters of the Alpine Club of Canada. It turned out to be Canmore&#8217;s last surprise for me&#8212;a spectacular finale. The Club&#8217;s timber lodge stood on a hillside as though it had emerged straight out of a postcard. Downstairs was a classic sitting room with a stone fireplace, black leather sofas, exposed wooden beams overhead, and brass memorial plaques lining the walls. Outside the windows, the Canadian Rockies slowly dissolved into dusk.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg" width="1378" height="2000" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/aa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2000,&quot;width&quot;:1378,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZeuO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa2d593a-1ff8-4407-8dd0-9e13daffa971_1378x2000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Lady Writing a Poem</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1943)</figcaption></figure></div><p>What made Canmore so exciting for me was its unfamiliarity. <strong>Everything here felt completely foreign to the land where I had been born and raised</strong>. Every pine tree reaching into the sky, every dry pebble beneath my feet, belonged to a climate so different from my tropical Vietnam. It was a postcard from subalpine North America addressed to Saigon&#8212;a place so distant it could not have been real.</p><p>And funnily enough, it was here, at the foot of the Canadian Rockies, that I had never felt more Asian. More Southeast Asian. <strong>More Vietnamese.</strong></p><p>All at once I became acutely aware of how out of place I was, standing &#8216;half a world away from home&#8217; like a clich&#233;. I felt like an impostor. There I was, &#8220;Western-educated&#8221;, speaking fluent English, forever wanting to present myself as a &#8220;citizen of the world&#8221;, a cultured woman&#8212;someone who, despite growing up in Asia, seemed to understand how Western societies worked. I pretended to be comfortable greeting white people with hugs and kisses (I wasn&#8217;t). I lifted my voice half an enthusiastic octave whenever I say hello to foreigners, North Americans especially.</p><p>How the hell had I ended up here?</p><p>Only yesterday, I had been a tanned little girl in school, reciting Uncle H&#7891;&#8217;s Five Teachings aloud with the rest of my class, always looking forward to flying anywhere because the Vietnam Airlines flight meal had a little round bread roll, which tasted wonderfully Western when you slapped some packet Anchor butter on.</p><p>You can take the girl out of Vietnam, but you can&#8217;t take Vietnam and yada yada.</p><blockquote><p><em>Em l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t ph&#7843;i kh&#244;ng?<br>(You&#8217;re Vietnamese, aren&#8217;t you?)</em></p></blockquote><p>Her voice startled me. <strong>No matter how much of the world you&#8217;ve seen, your ears will always perk up when hearing your own language.</strong></p><p>I was sitting in Mineshaft Tavern&#8212;the only place in Canmore still serving food late that night&#8212;scrolling through my phone while waiting for my meal. The owner set down a plate of chips, smiled, and asked the question.</p><p>On the other side of the world, I still ran into Vietnamese people.</p><p>And even on the other side of the world, there was something unmistakably Vietnamese about me.</p><p>Thank goodness for that.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/far-from-home-a-letter-from-the-canadian?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/far-from-home-a-letter-from-the-canadian?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>R&#7845;t xa nh&#224;: th&#432; g&#7917;i t&#7915; d&#227;y Canadian Rockies</h1><p>Tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7915; s&#226;n bay th&#224;nh ph&#7889; Calgary c&#7911;a bang Alberta, Canada v&#7873; Canmore, m&#7897;t th&#7883; tr&#7845;n nh&#7887; x&#237;u d&#432;&#7899;i ch&#226;n d&#227;y Canadian Rockies, t&#244;i l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n nh&#236;n th&#7845;y khung c&#7843;nh h&#249;ng v&#297; c&#7911;a B&#7855;c M&#7929;. D&#227;y Canadian Rockies v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7881;nh n&#250;i qu&#7879;t tuy&#7871;t tr&#7855;ng l&#7915;ng l&#7919;ng, h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c c&#226;y s&#7889; r&#7915;ng th&#244;ng tr&#249;ng &#273;i&#7879;p, r&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i nh&#432; &#273;&#7913;ng y&#234;n kh&#244;ng di chuy&#7875;n m&#7863;c cho xe ch&#7841;y m&#227;i. C&#7843;nh t&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#7899;i x&#7913; s&#7903; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7899;i qu&#234; m&#236;nh. V&#7915;a ng&#7841;t th&#7903; tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#7867; &#273;&#7865;p c&#7911;a Alberta, t&#244;i v&#7915;a tha thi&#7871;t ngh&#297;: <strong>m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#7903; r&#7845;t xa, r&#7845;t xa nh&#224; r&#7891;i.</strong></p><p>Kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch t&#7915; S&#224;i G&#242;n &#273;&#7871;n Calgary l&#224; 12,090km. N&#7871;u nh&#236;n tr&#234;n b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891;, b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y cung &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;y d&#224;i g&#7847;n b&#7857;ng n&#7917;a v&#242;ng tr&#225;i &#273;&#7845;t. T&#244;i &#273;ang &#7903; n&#417;i g&#7847;n nh&#432; l&#224; xa nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#234;n B&#7855;c b&#225;n c&#7847;u t&#237;nh t&#7915; S&#224;i G&#242;n.</p><p>C&#7843;m gi&#225;c l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n &#7903; xa nh&#224; nh&#432; th&#7871;, c&#243; l&#7869; cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i t&#244;i ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n. Nh&#7919;ng chuy&#7871;n &#273;i sau n&#224;y d&#249; xa h&#417;n n&#7919;a ch&#7855;c c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng cho&#225;ng ng&#7907;p gi&#7889;ng l&#7847;n n&#224;y (m&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; cho&#225;ng ng&#7907;p ki&#7875;u kh&#225;c). C&#7843;nh t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7853;m ch&#7845;t B&#7855;c M&#7929; n&#224;y ch&#7881; c&#243; trong nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; phim h&#7891;i nh&#7887; t&#244;i xem.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png" width="1456" height="654" 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/__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hEVk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed0ad902-71c7-438a-a442-c37cd27bbe76_2036x914.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Tr&#7867; em &#273;&#7885;c s&#225;ch</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1968)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ng&#224;y b&#233; t&#244;i th&#237;ch &#273;&#7885;c truy&#7879;n, xem phim phi&#234;u l&#432;u, nh&#236;n th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng khung c&#7843;nh xa l&#7841; th&#432;&#7901;ng ngh&#297; r&#7891;i m&#7897;t ng&#224;y m&#236;nh s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t ch&#226;n t&#7899;i. Nh&#432;ng <em>m&#7897;t ng&#224;y</em> &#273;&#243; l&#224; khi n&#224;o th&#236; ch&#7859;ng bi&#7871;t. <em><strong>M&#7897;t ng&#224;y</strong></em><strong> &#273;&#243; th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng l&#417; l&#7917;ng gi&#7919;a m&#417; v&#224; th&#7853;t</strong>: s&#226;u trong l&#242;ng t&#244;i l&#224; m&#7897;t ni&#7873;m tin m&#227;nh li&#7879;t m&#236;nh ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i xa x&#244;i &#7845;y, nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t v&#7851;n ch&#432;a c&#243; con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;o d&#7851;n &#273;i.</p><p>Cho &#273;&#7871;n h&#244;m nay khi t&#244;i nh&#236;n th&#7845;y d&#227;y Canadian Rockies l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, <em>m&#7897;t ng&#224;y</em> c&#7911;a t&#244;i &#273;&#227; b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o th&#7921;c t&#7871;, m&#227;i m&#227;i r&#7901;i kh&#7887;i v&#249;ng m&#417; h&#7891; c&#7911;a vi&#7877;n v&#7885;ng.</p><p>Xe &#273;&#7871;n Canmore v&#224; tr&#225;i tim t&#244;i c&#224;ng ngh&#7865;n ng&#224;o h&#417;n tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#7867; &#273;&#7865;p c&#7911;a th&#7883; tr&#7845;n n&#224;y. Bao b&#7885;c xung quanh nh&#7919;ng c&#259;n nh&#224; m&#225;i g&#7895; c&#7911;a Canmore l&#224; tr&#249;ng tr&#249;ng &#273;i&#7879;p &#273;i&#7879;p c&#225;c &#273;&#7881;nh n&#250;i &#273;&#225;. &#272;&#7883;a h&#236;nh &#273;&#225; phi&#7871;n s&#233;t v&#224; &#273;&#225; v&#244;i, v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng r&#7915;ng th&#244;ng ph&#7911; xanh s&#432;&#7901;n n&#250;i v&#224; tuy&#7871;t &#273;&#7855;p nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;ng tr&#7855;ng m&#7887;ng tr&#234;n &#273;&#7881;nh, t&#7841;o n&#234;n m&#7897;t c&#7843;nh n&#7873;n huy ho&#224;ng cho th&#7883; tr&#7845;n nh&#7887;. Nh&#224; c&#7917;a &#7903; Canmore tr&#7843;i d&#7885;c hai b&#234;n m&#7897;t &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; kho&#7843;ng 3km, ngo&#224;i m&#7863;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; qu&#225;n x&#225; l&#227;ng &#273;&#227;ng x&#7871;p c&#7841;nh nhau, s&#226;u h&#417;n v&#224;o hai b&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; khu nh&#224; d&#226;n c&#7921;c k&#7923; v&#7855;ng v&#7867;.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng &#7903; Canmore y&#234;n t&#297;nh nh&#432; b&#224;y t&#7887; s&#7921; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i d&#227;y Canadian Rockies l&#7915;ng l&#7919;ng b&#234;n c&#7841;nh, d&#249; &#7903; ngay s&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cao t&#7889;c. T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; t&#244;i nghe th&#7845;y l&#224; su&#7889;i ch&#7843;y r&#243;c r&#225;ch d&#432;&#7899;i ch&#226;n c&#226;y c&#7847;u g&#7895;, m&#7897;t ch&#250; chim h&#243;t lanh l&#7867;o tr&#234;n t&#7845;m bi&#7875;n b&#225;o, v&#224; ti&#7871;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n th&#432;a th&#7899;t tr&#234;n m&#7897;t cung &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng leo n&#250;i ph&#237;a xa. &#194;m thanh &#7903; Canmore trong v&#7855;t nh&#432; ch&#237;nh b&#7847;u kh&#244;ng kh&#237; c&#7911;a n&#243;.</p><p>Ban &#273;&#7847;u t&#244;i ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; Canmore &#273;&#7875; &#273;i r&#7915;ng qu&#7889;c gia Banff, nh&#432;ng xem &#7843;nh th&#7845;y th&#7883; tr&#7845;n n&#224;y nh&#7887; xinh c&#361;ng th&#250; v&#7883;, n&#234;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh d&#224;nh th&#234;m th&#7901;i gian lang thang &#7903; &#273;&#226;y. Ch&#7881; m&#7897;t chuy&#7871;n &#273;i b&#7897; &#7903; Canmore th&#244;i c&#361;ng &#273;&#225;ng tr&#7847;m tr&#7891; v&#236; v&#7889;n khung c&#7843;nh n&#417;i n&#224;y &#273;&#227; qu&#225; h&#249;ng v&#297;. </p><p>T&#244;i t&#7921; h&#7887;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#226;n s&#7889;ng &#7903; Canmore m&#7895;i s&#225;ng th&#7913;c d&#7853;y gi&#7919;a th&#7913; b&#7891;ng lai ti&#234;n c&#7843;nh n&#224;y, li&#7879;u c&#243; &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t ng&#224;y h&#7885; quen &#273;i v&#224; l&#7845;y l&#224;m b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, <strong>nh&#432; c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917; v&#7899;i t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u t&#7889;t &#273;&#7865;p tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i n&#224;y hay kh&#244;ng?</strong> C&#242;n t&#244;i ch&#7881; c&#243; v&#224;i ng&#224;y &#7903; &#273;&#226;y, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#7895;i h&#417;i th&#7903; h&#237;t v&#224;o &#273;&#7873;u mu&#7889;n tham lam &#244;m h&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng ng&#7885;n n&#250;i xung quanh.</p><p>&#272;&#234;m cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng &#7903; Canmore, t&#244;i thu d&#7885;n &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7841;c chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7871;n The Alpine Club of Canada. &#272;&#226;y m&#7899;i l&#224; b&#7845;t ng&#7901; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng m&#224; th&#7883; tr&#7845;n n&#224;y d&#224;nh cho t&#244;i, m&#7897;t ti&#7871;t m&#7909;c k&#7871;t th&#250;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh ho&#224;nh tr&#225;ng. C&#259;n nh&#224; g&#7895; tr&#7909; s&#7903; The Alpine Club n&#7857;m tr&#234;n &#273;&#7891;i nh&#432; t&#7915; trong b&#432;u thi&#7871;p b&#432;&#7899;c ra. T&#7847;ng d&#432;&#7899;i l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#242;ng kh&#225;ch c&#7893; &#273;i&#7875;n v&#7899;i l&#242; s&#432;&#7903;i, sofa da m&#224;u &#273;en, tr&#7847;n nh&#224; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng thanh d&#7847;m g&#7895; v&#224; b&#7843;ng &#273;&#7891;ng k&#7927; ni&#7879;m g&#7855;n tr&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng. Ng&#7891;i t&#7915; &#273;&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n ra d&#227;y Canadian Rockies &#273;ang ch&#236;m d&#7847;n v&#224;o ho&#224;ng h&#244;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAPY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a82131a-dd26-415d-8cbc-362666f21e7b_1024x854.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAPY!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a82131a-dd26-415d-8cbc-362666f21e7b_1024x854.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAPY!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a82131a-dd26-415d-8cbc-362666f21e7b_1024x854.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAPY!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a82131a-dd26-415d-8cbc-362666f21e7b_1024x854.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAPY!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAPY!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a82131a-dd26-415d-8cbc-362666f21e7b_1024x854.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAPY!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a82131a-dd26-415d-8cbc-362666f21e7b_1024x854.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAPY!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a82131a-dd26-415d-8cbc-362666f21e7b_1024x854.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>M&#7865; v&#224; con &#273;&#7885;c s&#225;ch</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1977)</figcaption></figure></div><p>S&#7921; h&#224;o h&#7913;ng &#7903; Canmore &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c l&#7841; l&#7851;m, v&#244; c&#249;ng l&#7841; l&#7851;m, c&#7911;a c&#7843;nh v&#7853;t n&#417;i &#273;&#226;y so v&#7899;i b&#234;n kia th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, n&#417;i m&#224; t&#244;i &#273;&#227; sinh ra v&#224; l&#7899;n l&#234;n. <strong>T&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u qu&#225; kh&#225;c th&#432;&#7901;ng, qu&#225; tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i Vi&#7879;t Nam nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7899;i gi&#243; m&#249;a c&#7911;a t&#244;i</strong>. T&#7915;ng t&#225;n c&#226;y th&#244;ng tr&#234;n cao, t&#7915;ng vi&#234;n s&#7887;i kh&#244; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7845;t, thi&#234;n nhi&#234;n n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng b&#7903;i m&#7897;t v&#249;ng &#273;&#7845;t v&#224; kh&#237; h&#7853;u ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#225;c. M&#7897;t t&#7845;m b&#432;u thi&#7871;p t&#7915; B&#7855;c M&#7929; &#244;n &#273;&#7899;i g&#7917;i &#273;&#7871;n S&#224;i G&#242;n, xa x&#244;i &#273;&#7871;n kh&#243; m&#224; tin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>V&#224; c&#243; bu&#7891;n c&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng, khi ch&#237;nh &#7903; ch&#226;n d&#227;y Canadian Rockies n&#224;y, t&#244;i m&#7899;i th&#7845;y m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#226;u &#193;, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193;, <strong>m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong> <strong>Vi&#7879;t h&#417;n bao gi&#7901; h&#7871;t.</strong></p><p>B&#7895;ng d&#432;ng nh&#7853;n ra m&#236;nh th&#7853;t l&#7841;c l&#245;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;y, &#8216;c&#225;ch qu&#234; m&#236;nh n&#7917;a v&#242;ng tr&#225;i &#273;&#7845;t&#8217; r&#7845;t s&#225;o, t&#244;i th&#7845;y m&#236;nh gi&#7889;ng h&#7879;t m&#7897;t k&#7867; m&#7841;o danh. T&#244;i, v&#7899;i m&#7897;t t&#7845;m b&#7857;ng &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, n&#243;i ti&#7871;ng Anh nhoay nho&#225;y, lu&#244;n mu&#7889;n t&#7887; ra m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;c&#244;ng d&#226;n c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i&#8221;, d&#249; s&#7889;ng &#7903; ch&#226;u &#193; nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n t&#7887; ra hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch x&#227; h&#7897;i ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y v&#7853;n h&#224;nh. T&#244;i gi&#7843; v&#7901; tho&#7843;i m&#225;i v&#7899;i c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i da tr&#7855;ng &#244;m h&#244;n khi ch&#224;o nhau (t&#244;i kh&#244;ng h&#7873; tho&#7843;i m&#225;i). T&#244;i n&#226;ng t&#244;ng gi&#7885;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#234;n cao h&#417;n m&#7897;t n&#7845;c &#273;&#7875; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n s&#7921; ph&#7845;n kh&#237;ch khi th&#259;m h&#7887;i ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#224;i, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i B&#7855;c M&#7929;.</p><p>T&#244;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o v&#7853;y? </p><p>M&#7899;i h&#244;m qua t&#244;i c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; &#273;en nh&#7867;m, t&#7853;p &#273;&#7885;c vang n&#259;m &#273;i&#7873;u b&#225;c H&#7891; d&#7841;y trong l&#7899;p, h&#225;o h&#7913;c m&#7895;i l&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i m&#225;y bay v&#236; b&#7919;a &#259;n c&#7911;a Vietnam Airlines lu&#244;n c&#243; chi&#7871;c b&#225;nh m&#236; tr&#242;n r&#7845;t chi l&#224; T&#226;y, qu&#233;t b&#417; Anchor trong t&#233;p nh&#7887; l&#234;n l&#224; h&#7871;t s&#7843;y.</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7845;y c&#244; g&#225;i ra kh&#7887;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; l&#7845;y Vi&#7879;t Nam v&#224; v&#226;n v&#226;n.</p><blockquote><p><em>Em l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t ph&#7843;i kh&#244;ng?</em></p></blockquote><p>Gi&#7853;t c&#7843; m&#236;nh. D&#249; c&#243; &#273;i v&#242;ng quanh th&#7871; gi&#7899;i bao nhi&#234;u l&#7847;n &#273;i n&#7919;a, <strong>ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; lu&#244;n d&#7887;ng tai l&#234;n m&#7897;t ch&#250;t khi nghe th&#7845;y ti&#7871;ng m&#7865; &#273;&#7867;.</strong></p><p>T&#244;i &#273;ang ng&#7891;i l&#432;&#7899;t &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i &#273;&#7907;i m&#243;n trong Mineshaft Tavern, qu&#225;n &#259;n duy nh&#7845;t c&#242;n m&#7903; c&#7917;a gi&#7901; t&#7889;i mu&#7897;n &#7903; Canmore, th&#236; nghe ti&#7871;ng h&#7887;i. Ch&#7883; ch&#7911; qu&#225;n &#273;&#7863;t &#273;&#297;a khoai chi&#234;n xu&#7889;ng b&#224;n v&#224; c&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p>&#7902; b&#234;n kia th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&#7851;n g&#7863;p ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t. </p><p>V&#224; &#7903; b&#234;n kia th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, c&#225;i v&#7867; Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#7911;a t&#244;i v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng l&#7851;n &#273;i &#273;&#226;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>May th&#7871;!</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[At Dusk, the Pines]]></title><description><![CDATA[On a pine-covered hill in Northwest Vietnam, light lingers, sounds fall away, and I spiral into a mini existential crisis (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/at-dusk-the-pines</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/at-dusk-the-pines</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2026 10:44:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88Mq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb47593d6-f3ab-42a6-a91e-99f002beb056_2560x1493.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I lay back on the hillside, looking up at nothing but towering pine trees. The last light of the day over the highlands couldn&#8217;t find its way through the thick blanket of cloud. Even if it had, it would have surrendered to the canopy overhead, where pine boughs intertwined so densely they covered the whole ground. The ground, too, was layered with dry needles. The air grew colder, while the pines went on hushing and chattering among themselves.</p><p>I was only a few steps from the footpath that wound up the hill. From where I lay I could still make out Hua T&#7841;t Village beyond the motorway. Yet the forest had somehow sealed itself off from everything outside it. Its sounds were cold. Hypnotic.</p><p>Hundreds of trunks rose deep into the sky, forming walls between me and the world beyond. The branches above stitched together in place of a roof. The wind was gentle but biting. Pine needles whispered overhead. Pine needles whispered underfoot. Little by little, the pine hill drifted into a twilight dream.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>There are afternoons when the sun pours gold over the hillside and the forest feels warm, like another dream. Birds tweet and flit between the branches on tiny feet. The breeze carries itself more lightly. Even the pine needles seem to rustle with less caution. Sunlight lends the forest a brighter voice. </p><p>But not today.</p><p>The sun set quickly. It also set from very far away. The clouds were too thick, all I could see was a faint wash of crimson dissolving into violet. Stillness covered the pine hill. I knew I ought to head back before darkness swallowed the footpath. The descent was steep, and once night fell, there would be little chance of finding it again. The cold had turned so damp I could taste it. My hair was beginning to bead with moisture.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88Mq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb47593d6-f3ab-42a6-a91e-99f002beb056_2560x1493.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88Mq!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb47593d6-f3ab-42a6-a91e-99f002beb056_2560x1493.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88Mq!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb47593d6-f3ab-42a6-a91e-99f002beb056_2560x1493.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Northwest Blooming Season</em>, L&#234; Kh&#225;nh Hi&#7871;u (2015)</figcaption></figure></div><p>There are strange places from which you can watch a day come to its end. A pine hill is one of them.</p><p>The wind no longer sang through the trees. It travelled in long hollow breaths. Dogs barked in the village below, but their yelps reached only the edge of the forest before being quietly absorbed. I found myself thinking: nothing could ever cross these pines. The damp earth softened every footstep. Pine needles no longer crackled beneath my boots. A pine cone fell, not with the dry, wooden <em>thock</em> it would have made during the day. It landed softly on the bed of needles, as if consumed by the forest. I had the feeling I was no longer welcomed.</p><p>From the top it takes only a few minutes to descend down to the motorway below. The moment I stepped out from beneath the trees, all the sounds that had felt so distant started rushing towards me. Lorries thundered past. Voices carried up from the village where neighbours called to one another. Winds whistled past to a different tune.</p><p>Finally reaching the village, I stopped and turned around. The pine hill stood exactly as before&#8212;vast, unmoving, silent. Behind it lingered one last bruised band of red. The hill itself had surrendered to darkness. I made it. Along the path back into the village, crickets chirped and cheered from roadside shrubs.</p><p>Sunset on the pine hill that day was something greater than myself. Those few minutes of dusk seemed to stretch into eternity.</p><p>I&#8217;ve often felt that nature is wholeheartedly indifferent to me&#8212;that it will go on existing exactly as it always has, regardless of what becomes of me. How reassuring. How faithful. How reliable. I know I can always rely on the silence of the pine hill, when evening settles over the little village of Hua T&#7841;t.</p><div><hr></div><p><em><strong>P.S.</strong> If you ever find yourself in Hua T&#7841;t, do stay at <strong><a href="https://www.facebook.com/dulichvanhmong?__cft__%5B0%5D=AZZvyaB_h--ABlhQxaOZ2fnOL9lYRilGjfmCy08pzfkkc8rioByq1ahO-uXT9VHhmJrgGpnTg2DhluqjcBtMHg8NRMiKJkAq_H9em-i1zxz0TrPZmXKXNhxM6bOjhtJUD3xViVaiNyYG5EShNO1N09_QQxe4ON_vWYJ_ov7H9qK-FQ&amp;__tn__=-%5DK-R">A Chu Homestay</a></strong>. The stilthouse is run by A Chu, a H&#8217;mong man who pioneered community-based tourism here and has helped create jobs for many families in the village. Dinner at his house is always a feast with foraged mountain greens, grilled fish and wild boar. If it rains, he&#8217;ll pour you a cup of Snow Shan tea and tell you about the plum, starfruit, and cherry blossom trees in his garden. You may even ask him about the pine hill.</em></p><p><em><strong>P.P.S.</strong> Unfortunately no one is paying me for this post.</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/at-dusk-the-pines?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/at-dusk-the-pines?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>&#272;&#7891;i th&#244;ng t&#297;nh l&#7863;ng</h1><p>T&#244;i n&#7857;m d&#224;i tr&#234;n &#273;&#7891;i, ng&#7917;a m&#7863;t l&#234;n ch&#7881; th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng c&#226;y th&#244;ng cao v&#250;t. N&#7855;ng cu&#7889;i ng&#224;y tr&#234;n cao nguy&#234;n kh&#244;ng xen n&#7893;i qua t&#7847;ng m&#226;y d&#224;y, m&#224; n&#7871;u c&#243; xen &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, c&#361;ng s&#7869; b&#7887; cu&#7897;c tr&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7919;ng t&#225;n l&#225; th&#244;ng &#273;an nhau che k&#237;n m&#7863;t &#273;&#7845;t. M&#7863;t &#273;&#7845;t c&#361;ng &#273;&#7847;y l&#225; th&#244;ng kh&#244;. Tr&#7901;i th&#236; l&#7841;nh d&#7847;n m&#224; th&#244;ng th&#236; v&#7851;n r&#224;o r&#7841;c. </p><p>Ch&#7895; t&#244;i n&#7857;m ch&#7881; c&#225;ch l&#7889;i m&#242;n l&#234;n &#273;&#7891;i m&#7845;y b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n, v&#224; m&#7855;t t&#244;i v&#7851;n nh&#236;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;n Hua T&#7841;t ph&#237;a b&#234;n kia &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cao t&#7889;c, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u sao r&#7915;ng th&#244;ng khi&#7871;n t&#244;i th&#7845;y m&#236;nh t&#225;ch bi&#7879;t ho&#224;n to&#224;n. Nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh trong r&#7915;ng th&#244;ng l&#7841;nh l&#7869;o v&#224; u m&#234;. H&#224;ng tr&#259;m th&#226;n c&#226;y cao m&#227;i l&#234;n tr&#7901;i nh&#432; b&#7913;c t&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#259;n t&#244;i v&#7899;i th&#7871; gi&#7899;i b&#234;n ngo&#224;i, v&#224; nh&#7919;ng t&#225;n l&#225; th&#244;ng l&#7907;p thay m&#225;i ng&#243;i. Gi&#243; th&#7893;i nh&#7865; nh&#432;ng bu&#7889;t. L&#225; th&#244;ng x&#236; x&#224;o tr&#234;n cao v&#224; l&#225; th&#244;ng x&#236; x&#224;o d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7845;t. &#272;&#7891;i th&#244;ng Hua T&#7841;t tr&#244;i d&#7847;n v&#224;o m&#7897;t c&#417;n m&#417; ch&#7841;ng v&#7841;ng.</p><p>C&#243; nh&#7919;ng khi tr&#7901;i n&#7855;ng v&#224;ng, &#273;&#7891;i th&#244;ng &#7845;m &#225;p v&#224; n&#234;n th&#417;. Ti&#7871;ng chim h&#243;t v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i ch&#226;n nh&#7887; x&#237;u chuy&#7873;n c&#224;nh, ti&#7871;ng gi&#243; th&#7893;i nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng v&#224; ti&#7871;ng l&#225; th&#244;ng rung rinh c&#361;ng v&#244; t&#432; h&#417;n b&#226;y gi&#7901;. &#193;nh n&#7855;ng mang &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh trong l&#224;nh cho r&#7915;ng th&#244;ng. Nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i h&#244;m nay. </p><p>M&#7863;t tr&#7901;i &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#7863;n r&#7845;t nhanh v&#224; l&#7863;n t&#7915; r&#7845;t xa. M&#226;y d&#224;y qu&#225; khi&#7871;n t&#244;i ch&#7881; th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t v&#249;ng tr&#7901;i h&#7917;ng &#273;&#7887; sau l&#432;ng. S&#7921; t&#297;nh l&#7863;ng c&#7911;a &#273;&#7891;i th&#244;ng v&#7851;n bao tr&#249;m. T&#244;i bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i s&#7899;m quay l&#7841;i b&#7843;n, v&#236; tr&#7901;i t&#7889;i s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y n&#7893;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng m&#242;n m&#224; v&#7873;, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#7841;i d&#7889;c r&#7845;t nguy hi&#7875;m. Kh&#244;ng kh&#237; l&#7841;nh v&#224; &#7849;m &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c t&#244;i c&#243; th&#7875; n&#7871;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, v&#224; t&#243;c th&#236; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#432;&#7899;t. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg" width="1280" height="1066" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1066,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t-wb!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1551429c-928e-474b-b8a0-6fd7ee161d10_1280x1066.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Thung m&#417;</em>, L&#234; Kh&#225;nh Hi&#7871;u (2023)</figcaption></figure></div><p>C&#243; nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i r&#7845;t kh&#225;c th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n m&#7897;t ng&#224;y s&#7855;p h&#7871;t, nh&#432; l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7891;i th&#244;ng. </p><p>Ti&#7871;ng gi&#243; hun h&#250;t t&#7915;ng c&#417;n ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n trong s&#225;ng. Ch&#243; d&#432;&#7899;i b&#7843;n s&#7911;a vang, nh&#432;ng ti&#7871;ng ch&#243; s&#7911;a ch&#7881; lan &#273;&#7871;n b&#236;a r&#7915;ng th&#244;ng th&#236; ng&#7845;m t&#7855;t. T&#244;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c kh&#244;ng g&#236; xuy&#234;n qua &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng c&#226;y th&#244;ng n&#224;y. N&#7873;n &#273;&#7845;t &#7849;m l&#224;m cho l&#225; d&#432;&#7899;i ch&#226;n b&#7899;t x&#224;o x&#7841;c. M&#7897;t qu&#7843; th&#244;ng r&#417;i r&#7845;t kh&#7869;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ti&#7871;ng &#8220;b&#7897;p&#8221; kh&#244; &#273;anh nh&#432; ban ng&#224;y. N&#243; r&#417;i xu&#7889;ng n&#7873;n l&#225; &#234;m nh&#432; b&#7883; nu&#7889;t ch&#7917;ng v&#224;o &#273;&#7891;i th&#244;ng. T&#244;i ngh&#297; &#273;&#7891;i th&#244;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ch&#224;o &#273;&#243;n t&#244;i n&#7919;a.</p><p>T&#7915; tr&#234;n n&#224;y, ch&#7881; m&#7845;t m&#7845;y ph&#250;t &#273;&#7875; xu&#7889;ng &#273;&#7871;n ch&#226;n &#273;&#7891;i ngay b&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cao t&#7889;c. V&#7915;a b&#432;&#7899;c ra kh&#7887;i r&#7915;ng th&#244;ng, t&#244;i &#273;&#227; nghe th&#7845;y &#273;&#7911; th&#7913; &#226;m thanh m&#224; n&#227;y gi&#7901; t&#432;&#7903;ng nh&#432; &#7903; r&#7845;t xa. Xe t&#7843;i lao v&#249; v&#249; tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#226;n trong b&#7843;n &#237; &#7899;i g&#7885;i nhau, gi&#243; th&#7893;i theo m&#7897;t c&#225;ch kh&#225;c. </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>T&#244;i &#273;&#7913;ng d&#432;&#7899;i b&#7843;n nh&#236;n l&#234;n &#273;&#7891;i th&#244;ng l&#7915;ng l&#7919;ng v&#224; y&#234;n l&#7863;ng. &#272;&#7857;ng sau n&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#7847;ng t&#237;m &#273;&#7887; y&#7871;u &#7899;t, c&#242;n n&#243; th&#236; t&#7889;i &#273;en. Th&#7871; l&#224; t&#244;i v&#7873; v&#7915;a k&#7883;p. D&#7871; k&#234;u reo r&#226;m ran trong nh&#7919;ng l&#249;m c&#226;y tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224;o b&#7843;n.</p><p>S&#7921; t&#297;nh l&#7863;ng c&#7911;a &#273;&#7891;i th&#244;ng h&#244;m &#7845;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;i g&#236; &#273;&#243; to l&#7899;n h&#417;n t&#244;i r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u. V&#224;i ph&#250;t ho&#224;ng h&#244;n ng&#7855;n ng&#7911;i &#273;&#227; k&#233;o d&#224;i v&#244; t&#7853;n. </p><p>T&#244;i th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c thi&#234;n nhi&#234;n v&#7889;n kh&#244;ng h&#7873; quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n t&#244;i, thi&#234;n nhi&#234;n c&#7913; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i cho d&#249; t&#244;i ra sao &#273;i n&#7919;a. &#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; th&#7853;t &#273;&#225;ng y&#234;n t&#226;m, th&#7853;t &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#244;ng &#273;&#7907;i v&#224;o. V&#224; t&#244;i s&#7869; lu&#244;n lu&#244;n tr&#244;ng &#273;&#7907;i v&#224;o s&#7921; t&#297;nh l&#7863;ng c&#7911;a &#273;&#7891;i th&#244;ng, khi ho&#224;ng h&#244;n xu&#7889;ng tr&#234;n Hua T&#7841;t nh&#7887; b&#233;.</p><div><hr></div><p><em><strong>T&#225;i b&#250;t</strong>: N&#7871;u &#273;&#7871;n Hua T&#7841;t, b&#7841;n h&#227;y &#7903; nh&#224; anh <strong><a href="https://www.facebook.com/dulichvanhmong?__cft__%5B0%5D=AZZvyaB_h--ABlhQxaOZ2fnOL9lYRilGjfmCy08pzfkkc8rioByq1ahO-uXT9VHhmJrgGpnTg2DhluqjcBtMHg8NRMiKJkAq_H9em-i1zxz0TrPZmXKXNhxM6bOjhtJUD3xViVaiNyYG5EShNO1N09_QQxe4ON_vWYJ_ov7H9qK-FQ&amp;__tn__=-%5DK-R">A Chu Homestay</a></strong>, ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#224;n &#244;ng H&#8217;m&#244;ng &#273;&#227; kh&#7903;i x&#432;&#7899;ng du l&#7883;ch c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng v&#224; t&#7841;o c&#244;ng &#259;n vi&#7879;c l&#224;m cho bi&#7871;t bao nhi&#234;u h&#7897; gia &#273;&#236;nh trong b&#7843;n. B&#7919;a t&#7889;i &#7903; nh&#224; anh bao gi&#7901; c&#361;ng &#234; h&#7873; rau r&#7915;ng, c&#225; n&#432;&#7899;ng, th&#7883;t l&#7907;n r&#7915;ng r&#7845;t ngon, v&#224; n&#7871;u tr&#7901;i m&#432;a anh s&#7869; r&#243;t tr&#224; Tuy&#7871;t San r&#7911; c&#249;ng u&#7889;ng. Anh s&#7869; k&#7875; cho nghe v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;y m&#7853;n, c&#226;y kh&#7871;, c&#226;y &#273;&#224;o trong v&#432;&#7901;n, bi&#7871;t &#273;&#226;u v&#7873; c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;y th&#244;ng tr&#234;n &#273;&#7891;i n&#7919;a.</em></p><p><em><strong>T&#225;i t&#225;i b&#250;t</strong>: B&#224;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, t&#244;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ai tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n. Ch&#225;n ch&#432;a.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Privilege of Ignorance]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why Vietnamese don't discuss world politics and other uncomfortable reflections from my three weeks in India (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/the-privilege-of-ignorance</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/the-privilege-of-ignorance</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 26 Jul 2026 11:25:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A few weeks ago, I saw <em>Origin </em>by Ava DuVernay just as it was leaving Netflix, and, like everything else she has made, I thought it was excellent, even if it leaned a little more romantic than Isabel Wilkerson&#8217;s original book, <em>Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents</em>. In trying to understand the roots of racism in America, Wilkerson traces parallels with the Holocaust and India&#8217;s caste system, arriving at a theory: <strong>racism is not really about race</strong>. It&#8217;s about hierarchy.</p><p><strong>There will always be a group that must exist below, so another can exist above.</strong></p><p>Almost ten years ago, I once wrote about how lucky we Vietnamese were not to live in a racist society like America. A friend who had been living in the US at the time replied:</p><blockquote><p><em>Vietnam has racism too. You just don&#8217;t experience it because you&#8217;re Kinh. Ethnic minorities do.</em></p></blockquote><p>I thought it was a ridiculous comparison then. I still do. As if racism in America could be equated with that. Turned out my friend was ignorant in much the same way I was.</p><p>I&#8217;ve been told Vietnamese are among the most politically ignorant people in the world. It&#8217;s not an unfair observation. I used to get teased for always wanting to talk about grandiose world politics instead of minding my own business, that I should not &#8216;eat sweet potatoes while discussing world affairs&#8217;, as the Vietnamese saying goes. <strong>But the ignorant can only be when what&#8217;s happening doesn&#8217;t threaten their next meal</strong>. Ignorance is a privilege.</p><p>I often see myself as the frog at the bottom of the well<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>. Mine just happens to be a very comfortable well. Outside, people are killing one another, crushing one another beneath corrupt systems. But inside my well, life is peaceful. My patch of sky may be tiny, but only clouds pass overhead. No missiles. No bombs.</p><p>For years I thought travelling was the frog climbing out of the well. Then I watched <em>Origin</em> and realised I couldn&#8217;t even remember the names of India&#8217;s four castes. I was surprised to learn that Dalits&#8212;the lowest caste&#8212;were once considered &#8220;untouchables&#8221;, forbidden from touching anyone because they themselves were thought to be impure. For thousands of years, the caste system has shaped Indian society and continues to shape everyday life today. I knew none of this. Earlier this year, the frog had spent three whole weeks in India! Perhaps travelling is simply jumping from one well into another.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg" width="1350" height="1481" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1481,&quot;width&quot;:1350,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czgs!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a0fb420-0063-4957-b5b6-b5ce651caaba_1350x1481.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Sindabad, the Seller</em>, Abanindranath Tagore (1930)</figcaption></figure></div><p>What did I do in India? Ate. Met friends. Ate. Went to see Linkin&#8217; Park at Lollapalooza. Ate. Went to see Shah Rukh Khan&#8217;s house. Ate. Went to a museum to look at statues of Krishna. Ate. Had a saree tailored. Ate. Danced until three in the morning at a bar in Goa where more than half the crowd were white tourists. Ate. Bought some books. Ate. Ate. Then ate some more. The Indian well was different from the Vietnamese one in charming little ways, like a rickshaw ride that rattled every bone in my body, or learning to scoop up rice and curry with my hands instead of cutlery. But it was still a well.</p><p>I&#8217;ve always liked to think of myself as a traveller, not a tourist (yuck!) That I&#8217;m a better person than most because I travel for holier reasons. To understand people, culture, and history, not to tick places off a list and take a gazillion selfies. But the truth is, I&#8217;m just not photogenic. If I were, I&#8217;d probably spend all day posting selfies too, waving hi, hello on TikTok while dancing my ass off for the algorithm, then counting my stacks of influencer money every night. <strong>It&#8217;s exhausting, you see, being a performative intellectual</strong>. Ignorance really is a privilege, but being half-ignorant, like I am, feels closer to a punishment.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>So what is the point of travelling? To broaden your horizons? To know more? Know what, exactly? In my twenties I was a spanking new sponge. Because I knew so little, every new well made me feel immensely wiser. Travel felt like an all-you-can-eat buffet back when I was a student: <strong>the more wells, the better</strong>. I travelled &#8220;to know&#8221;, although what exactly I was supposed to &#8220;know&#8221; remained conveniently vague. Why did I have to stand in front of that temple, or sit on that train, before I could claim I &#8220;knew&#8221; something? As though reading about it, or watching a documentary, somehow wasn&#8217;t enough because it was still someone else&#8217;s story.</p><p>But when the frog jumped out of the Indian well and back into the Vietnamese one, all it could do was describe the Indian well to its other frog friends. <strong>It didn&#8217;t understand it any better</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LEAh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0285c4b-61b6-46d2-9f09-5e388a3d1f4d_1089x1200.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LEAh!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0285c4b-61b6-46d2-9f09-5e388a3d1f4d_1089x1200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LEAh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0285c4b-61b6-46d2-9f09-5e388a3d1f4d_1089x1200.jpeg" width="1089" height="1200" 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LEAh!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0285c4b-61b6-46d2-9f09-5e388a3d1f4d_1089x1200.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LEAh!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0285c4b-61b6-46d2-9f09-5e388a3d1f4d_1089x1200.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LEAh!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0285c4b-61b6-46d2-9f09-5e388a3d1f4d_1089x1200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Hunchback of the Fishbone</em><strong>, </strong>Abanindranath Tagore (1930)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Or perhaps I&#8217;m being too hard on myself, heh. Our Vietnamese elders say that every day spent travelling teaches you a basketful of wisdom, and they&#8217;re absolutely right. But the miser in me still wants every economy flight to teach me several basketfuls, otherwise I&#8217;ve failed to get my money&#8217;s worth. It&#8217;s difficult for me to accept that I might spend money simply &#8220;to know&#8221;. Or God forbid, to have fun. Absolutely criminal stuff. Can you imagine?</p><p>But reeling us back in, I think my privilege quota is slowly running out. Travelling, meeting people from different cultures, and seeing that every person carries a life with its own unique set of burdens&#8212;all this has made it impossible for me to remain unmoved by injustice beyond the walls of my own well. Everything is personal, and everything is political.</p><p>In <em>Caste</em>, Isabel Wilkerson writes:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>The price of privilege is the moral duty to act when one sees another person treated unfairly.</em></p></div><p>Perhaps giving up my privilege of ignorance has always been a good reason to travel. The price? <strong>To empathise with wells that are far less stable than my own, even when mine remains peaceful</strong>.</p><p>I only hope that, with time, every well grows a little wider.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/the-privilege-of-ignorance?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/the-privilege-of-ignorance?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>&#272;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7901; &#417;</h1><p>G&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y t&#244;i c&#243; xem <em>Origin</em> c&#7911;a Ava DuVernay, phim v&#7851;n hay nh&#432; m&#7885;i phim kh&#225;c c&#244; ta l&#224;m d&#249; c&#243; ph&#7847;n h&#417;i l&#227;ng m&#7841;n qu&#225; so v&#7899;i s&#225;ch g&#7889;c <em>Caste: The Origins of our Discontents</em> c&#7911;a Isabel Wilkerson. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t ch&#7911;ng t&#7897;c &#7903; M&#7929;, Isabel Wilkerson &#273;&#227; t&#236;m ra m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; v&#7899;i Holocaust v&#224; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p (caste) &#7903; &#7844;n, &#273;&#7875; &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng <strong>k&#7923; th&#7883; ch&#7911;ng t&#7897;c kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&#224; v&#7873; ch&#7911;ng t&#7897;c</strong>, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; t&#7847;ng l&#7899;p x&#227; h&#7897;i.</p><p><strong>S&#7869; lu&#244;n c&#243; m&#7897;t nh&#243;m ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7843;i &#7903; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; c&#243; m&#7897;t nh&#243;m ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; tr&#234;n.</strong></p><p>C&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y g&#7847;n 10 n&#259;m, c&#243; l&#7847;n t&#244;i &#273;&#227; n&#243;i r&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t m&#236;nh may m&#7855;n khi kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i s&#7889;ng trong m&#7897;t x&#227; h&#7897;i ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t ch&#7911;ng t&#7897;c nh&#432; &#7903; M&#7929;. L&#250;c &#273;&#243; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n, &#273;ang s&#7889;ng &#7903; M&#7929;, &#273;&#227; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#361;ng c&#243; m&#224;, do m&#236;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i Kinh n&#234;n kh&#244;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m th&#244;i, ch&#7913; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#226;n t&#7897;c th&#236; c&#361;ng b&#7883; k&#7923; th&#7883;. Khi &#273;&#243; t&#244;i &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n bu&#7891;n c&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; b&#226;y gi&#7901; t&#244;i v&#7851;n th&#7845;y v&#7853;y. Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t ch&#7911;ng t&#7897;c &#7903; M&#7929; m&#224; &#273;em so &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#432; th&#7871; &#224;? H&#243;a ra b&#7841;n c&#361;ng th&#7901; &#417; kh&#244;ng kh&#225;c g&#236; t&#244;i.</p><p>T&#244;i t&#7915;ng nghe nh&#7853;n x&#233;t ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng nh&#243;m ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7901; &#417; v&#7873; ch&#237;nh tr&#7883; nh&#7845;t. H&#7885; n&#243;i kh&#244;ng oan. B&#7903;i v&#236; th&#237;ch b&#224;n lu&#7853;n v&#7873; c&#225;c ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; &#273;ao l&#417;n b&#250;a t&#243; n&#234;n t&#244;i c&#242;n t&#7915;ng b&#7883; k&#234;u l&#224; &#273;&#7915;ng &#8216;<em>&#259;n khoai lang n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i</em>&#8217; n&#7919;a m&#224;. <strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7901; &#417; ch&#7881; c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7901; &#417; khi chuy&#7879;n kh&#244;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7899;i ch&#233;n c&#417;m c&#7911;a h&#7885;, &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n</strong>. T&#244;i th&#7845;y m&#236;nh gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; con &#7871;ch &#7903; d&#432;&#7899;i gi&#7871;ng, nh&#432;ng c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng c&#7911;a t&#244;i r&#7845;t tho&#7843;i m&#225;i, ngo&#224;i kia ng&#432;&#7901;i ta ch&#233;m gi&#7871;t nhau, ch&#224; &#273;&#7841;p nhau nh&#432;ng c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng c&#7911;a t&#244;i v&#7851;n y&#234;n t&#297;nh, v&#224; b&#7847;u tr&#7901;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i d&#249; b&#233; x&#237;u nh&#432;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#226;y bay ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#234;n l&#7917;a bom &#273;&#7841;n g&#236; c&#7843;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp" width="1200" height="1500" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1500,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:299448,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/i/208537817?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!idxA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d6ad1cf-9bba-4fc7-8465-a9da51ee185a_1200x1500.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>The Passing of Shah Jahan</em>, Abanindranath Tagore (1902)</figcaption></figure></div><p>X&#432;a nay t&#244;i c&#7913; ngh&#297; &#273;i du l&#7883;ch l&#224; con &#7871;ch &#273;ang ch&#7891;m ra kh&#7887;i c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng. Nh&#432;ng xem xong <em>Origin</em>, t&#244;i nh&#7853;n ra m&#236;nh c&#242;n kh&#244;ng h&#7873; nh&#7899; t&#234;n 4 b&#7853;c caste &#7903; &#7844;n, ho&#224;n to&#224;n b&#7845;t ng&#7901; khi bi&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i Dalit (caste th&#7845;p nh&#7845;t) t&#7915;ng b&#7883; coi l&#224; &#8220;untouchables&#8221;, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7841;m v&#224;o ai v&#236; b&#7883; coi l&#224; d&#417; b&#7849;n th&#7845;p k&#233;m. T&#7915; h&#224;ng ngh&#236;n n&#259;m nay h&#7879; th&#7889;ng caste &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh to&#224;n b&#7897; x&#227; h&#7897;i &#7844;n, v&#7851;n &#273;ang ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c c&#243; s&#7913;c &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7921;c k&#7923; l&#7899;n t&#7899;i cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i &#7903; &#273;&#226;y. T&#244;i ch&#7843; bi&#7871;t m&#7897;t c&#225;i g&#236;. &#272;&#7847;u n&#259;m nay, con &#7871;ch &#273;&#227; &#7903; &#7844;n t&#7853;n 3 tu&#7847;n! C&#243; khi &#273;i du l&#7883;ch ch&#7881; l&#224; nh&#7843;y t&#7915; c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng n&#224;y sang c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng kh&#225;c.</p><p>Sang &#7844;n t&#244;i &#273;&#227; l&#224;m nh&#7919;ng g&#236;: &#273;i &#259;n, g&#7863;p b&#7841;n b&#232;, &#273;i &#259;n, &#273;i xem Linkin&#8217; Park di&#7877;n &#7903; Lollapalooza, &#273;i &#259;n, &#273;i xem nh&#224; Shah Rukh Khan, &#273;i &#259;n, &#273;i b&#7843;o t&#224;ng ng&#7855;m t&#432;&#7907;ng Krishna, &#273;i &#259;n, &#273;i may saree, &#273;i &#259;n, &#273;i nh&#7843;y &#273;&#7871;n 3 gi&#7901; s&#225;ng &#7903; c&#225;i bar Goa m&#224; h&#417;n n&#7917;a l&#224; T&#226;y da tr&#7855;ng, &#273;i &#259;n, &#273;i mua s&#225;ch, &#273;i &#259;n, &#273;i &#259;n, v&#224; &#273;i &#259;n. C&#225;i gi&#7871;ng &#7844;n &#272;&#7897; kh&#225;c c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam &#7903; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i m&#7899;i m&#7867; nho nh&#7887;, nh&#432; l&#224; m&#7897;t chuy&#7871;n &#273;i rickshaw l&#7855;c banh ch&#224;nh, hay l&#224; h&#7885;c c&#225;ch v&#233;t c&#417;m v&#233;t b&#225;nh m&#236; b&#7857;ng tay, nh&#432;ng n&#243; v&#7851;n l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng.</p><p>T&#244;i th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7921; cho m&#236;nh thanh cao h&#417;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ta v&#236; t&#244;i &#273;i du l&#7883;ch &#273;&#7875; &#8220;hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; con ng&#432;&#7901;i, v&#259;n h&#243;a, l&#7883;ch s&#7917;&#8221;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; check-in ch&#7909;p cho&#7865;t. Nh&#432;ng s&#7921; th&#7853;t th&#236; do t&#244;i kh&#244;ng &#259;n &#7843;nh th&#244;i, ch&#7913; t&#244;i m&#224; &#259;n &#7843;nh th&#236; ch&#7855;c c&#361;ng ch&#7909;p h&#224; r&#7857;m, l&#234;n t&#243;p t&#243;p hello c&#7843; nh&#224; l&#7855;c m&#244;ng l&#7855;c &#273;&#237;t, t&#7889;i v&#7873; &#273;&#7871;m ti&#7873;n xo&#232;t xo&#7865;t ch&#7843; thua g&#236; ai. <strong>Th&#7853;t m&#7879;t m&#7887;i khi c&#7913; ph&#7843;i ra v&#7867; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#237; th&#7913;c</strong>. C&#243; l&#7869; th&#7901; &#417; &#273;&#250;ng l&#224; &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n, nh&#432;ng th&#7901; &#417; ki&#7875;u n&#7917;a m&#249;a nh&#432; t&#244;i th&#236; l&#224; h&#236;nh ph&#7841;t.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Th&#7871; &#273;i &#273;&#226;y &#273;i &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;? &#272;i cho bi&#7871;t? Bi&#7871;t c&#225;i g&#236; m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c? Nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 20 tu&#7893;i t&#244;i gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; mi&#7871;ng b&#7885;t bi&#7875;n tr&#7855;ng tinh, b&#7903;i v&#236; c&#225;i g&#236; c&#361;ng ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t n&#234;n nh&#7843;y t&#7915; c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng n&#224;y sang c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng kh&#225;c &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n l&#7855;m r&#7891;i. L&#250;c &#273;&#243; vi&#7879;c &#273;i du l&#7883;ch v&#7899;i t&#244;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c nh&#432; m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c &#259;n buffet th&#7901;i sinh vi&#234;n, <strong>c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u gi&#7871;ng c&#224;ng t&#7889;t</strong>. &#272;i cho bi&#7871;t v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7921; &#8220;bi&#7871;t&#8221; kh&#225; m&#417; h&#7891;. T&#7841;i sao c&#7913; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7913;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c ng&#244;i &#273;&#7873;n &#273;&#243;, ph&#7843;i ng&#7891;i tr&#234;n chuy&#7871;n t&#224;u &#273;&#243;, th&#236; m&#7899;i l&#224; &#8220;bi&#7871;t&#8221;? C&#7913; nh&#432; ch&#7881; xem, ch&#7881; &#273;&#7885;c th&#244;i l&#224; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911;, v&#236; &#273;&#243; v&#7851;n l&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. </p><p>Nh&#432;ng s&#7921; th&#7853;t l&#224; khi con &#7871;ch nh&#7843;y ra kh&#7887;i c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng &#7844;n &#272;&#7897; &#273;&#7875; quay v&#7873; c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam, n&#243; c&#361;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7843; l&#7841;i c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng &#7844;n &#272;&#7897; v&#7899;i b&#7841;n b&#232; c&#7911;a n&#243; ch&#7913; c&#361;ng ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t th&#234;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; m&#7845;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpLk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc69f20a6-a392-47a6-9cbf-e95ba8fdeb7e_1024x1328.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpLk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc69f20a6-a392-47a6-9cbf-e95ba8fdeb7e_1024x1328.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpLk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc69f20a6-a392-47a6-9cbf-e95ba8fdeb7e_1024x1328.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpLk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc69f20a6-a392-47a6-9cbf-e95ba8fdeb7e_1024x1328.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpLk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc69f20a6-a392-47a6-9cbf-e95ba8fdeb7e_1024x1328.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpLk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc69f20a6-a392-47a6-9cbf-e95ba8fdeb7e_1024x1328.jpeg" width="1024" height="1328" 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpLk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc69f20a6-a392-47a6-9cbf-e95ba8fdeb7e_1024x1328.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpLk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc69f20a6-a392-47a6-9cbf-e95ba8fdeb7e_1024x1328.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpLk!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc69f20a6-a392-47a6-9cbf-e95ba8fdeb7e_1024x1328.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Mahatma Gandhi, The Spinner of a Nation's Destiny</em>, Abanindranath Tagore (1922)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Hay li&#7879;u trong h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh l&#7899;n l&#234;n, t&#244;i c&#243; &#273;ang h&#417;i kh&#7855;t khe v&#7899;i ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh? He he. C&#225;c c&#7909; n&#243;i &#273;i m&#7897;t ng&#224;y &#273;&#224;ng h&#7885;c m&#7897;t s&#224;ng kh&#244;n l&#224; c&#7845;m c&#243; sai, nh&#432;ng t&#237;nh keo ki&#7879;t trong t&#244;i c&#242;n mu&#7889;n m&#7895;i l&#7847;n mua v&#233; m&#225;y bay economy l&#224; ph&#7843;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7845;y s&#224;ng li&#7873;n, m&#7897;t gi&#224;ng s&#224;n, th&#236; m&#7899;i l&#224; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875;. R&#7845;t kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; t&#244;i ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh b&#7887; ti&#7873;n ra ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; &#8220;cho bi&#7871;t&#8221; hay &#273;&#225;ng s&#7907; h&#417;n n&#7919;a l&#224; &#8220;cho vui&#8221;. Khi&#7871;p, th&#7871; l&#224; ph&#7841;m ph&#225;p.</p><p>Tr&#7903; l&#7841;i v&#7899;i &#273;&#7873; b&#224;i h&#244;m nay, t&#244;i ngh&#297; &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7901; &#417; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;ang d&#7847;n c&#7841;n ki&#7879;t. Vi&#7879;c t&#244;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i nhi&#7873;u n&#417;i, g&#7863;p g&#7905; nhi&#7873;u n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&#243;a, bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng m&#7895;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng th&#7917; th&#225;ch r&#7845;t ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t khi&#7871;n t&#244;i kh&#244;ng th&#7875; v&#244; c&#7843;m tr&#432;&#7899;c s&#7921; b&#7845;t c&#244;ng &#7903; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. M&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u mang t&#237;nh c&#225; nh&#226;n, v&#224; m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u mang t&#237;nh ch&#237;nh tr&#7883;.</p><p>Trong <em>Caste</em>, Isabel Wilkerson vi&#7871;t:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The price of privilege is the moral duty to act when one sees another person treated unfairly.</p></div><p>C&#243; l&#7869; t&#7915; b&#7887; &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7901; &#417; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng l&#253; do t&#244;i mu&#7889;n &#273;i &#273;&#226;y &#273;i &#273;&#243;, m&#224; <strong>c&#225;i gi&#225; c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; th&#7845;u c&#7843;m v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng b&#7845;t &#7893;n, cho d&#249; c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng c&#7911;a t&#244;i v&#7851;n lu&#244;n b&#236;nh &#7893;n</strong>.</p><p>Mong l&#224; m&#7895;i c&#225;i gi&#7871;ng s&#7869; ng&#224;y m&#7897;t r&#7897;ng h&#417;n.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>A frog at the bottom of a well: Vietnamese proverb. </p><p>The frog who lives at the bottom of a well thought the sky was only as big as the mouth of the well. A person with a limited view thinks their small world is everything.</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Symphony of a City]]></title><description><![CDATA[Melodies in Asian metropolises, other than the rat-a-tat-tat of construction drills (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/symphony-of-a-city</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/symphony-of-a-city</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2026 12:12:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0525d960-fc8f-426e-8aa3-af8c4cd89da4_1546x812.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One sweltering summer afternoon, I sat talking with &#272;&#7841;t and Ki&#234;n in a caf&#233; on Nguy&#7877;n Bi&#7875;u Street. This part of Hanoi is full of trees. Their broad canopies hung motionless beneath the heavy sky. Not even a charitable breeze. Summer in Hanoi is the blare of impatient car horns and the ceaseless buzz of cicadas. The gentle flutter of bamboo fans in the hands of roadside tea sellers. Neighbours cursing each other over brick walls. The damp sigh of sweat.</p><p>Some sounds carry their cities inside them.</p><p>Saigon at night is the cry of the dried squid vendor. The slap-slap of rubber sandals through narrow alleyways. The heavy grind of pedals on a street cart selling stir-fried corn and balut. The faint drift of c&#7843;i l&#432;&#417;ng opera through the air. Loud conversations spilling across pavements. The chorus of &#8220;<em>m&#7897;t hai ba d&#244;</em>&#8221; rising from beer gardens. The lonely sweep of a broom brushing against the empty road.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg" width="1336" height="983" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:983,&quot;width&quot;:1336,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1qIN!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd73bb9-5a11-427c-b28f-342783470c88_1336x983.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>H&#224;ng Mu&#7889;i Street</em>, B&#249;i Xu&#226;n Ph&#225;i (1983)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Why are these the sounds that stayed with me, and not others? Perhaps sounds, on their own accord, like smells and tastes, simply choose a spot in my mind to occupy through memory.</p><p>Every time I return to Saigon, the city looks different. It is forever rebuilding itself, faster than I can keep up. Only the sounds seem unchanged. The clinking of stacked gold bangles on the rounded arms of market ladies. The clatter of ice in a glass. The faint patter of an Indian almond leaf falling. The ring of school bell at the end of the day. The sputtering phut-phut-phut of an old, stripped-down Honda engine.</p><p>Now let us travel a little farther, to Bangkok, a city that has come to feel strangely familiar to me. Bangkok is the low rumble of the skytrain pulling into the station. The announcement chiming out the name of the next stop. The bright little &#8220;<em>Line~&#8221;</em> of a new message. The bubbling broth on roadside noodle carts. The pounding thump of music blasting from clothing shops on Khaosan Road. Temple bells ringing somewhere in the distance. Thousands of footsteps rushing out of a stadium after a concert. The vroom-vroom of motorbikes shooting down the road. Have you ever ridden a motorbike taxi in Bangkok? You can hear yourself zooming straight towards the afterlife.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Tram's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Seoul is ajummas calling to one another across the street. The thud-thud of walking shoes hitting the pavement. The click-click-click of phones taking photographs. Bus doors rattling open and shut. The knock of palace guards&#8217; spears striking the ground. Rain crashing down in sheets. The trickle of Cheonggyecheon Stream. A cigarette butt hissing itself out on the pavement with one final sizzle.</p><p>Kuala Lumpur is the cawing of crows and the swish of shopping mall doors sliding open. Melaka is church bells and boats whispering along the river. Taipei is the whirr of bicycle wheels rolling downhill and the huff-huff of breath on the steps up Xiangshan. Kunming is the flap-flap of Chinese flags in the wind. Lijiang is the soft chewing of rose pastries. Chiang Mai is the muffled roar of thousands of paper lanterns catching fire before lifting into the night.</p><p>I once heard a Dutch woman say that Saigon was deafening. She had never been to a city so loud, so relentlessly alive. Oh, was the noise I grew up with not the norm?</p><p>I sometimes wonder about people who were born in quiet lands. What kind of lives are reflected in the (lack of) sounds around them? I truly cannot imagine.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/symphony-of-a-city?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/symphony-of-a-city?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>&#194;m thanh ph&#7843;n chi&#7871;u th&#224;nh ph&#7889;</h1><p>M&#7897;t chi&#7873;u m&#249;a h&#232; n&#243;ng n&#7921;c, t&#244;i ng&#7891;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i &#272;&#7841;t v&#224; Ki&#234;n trong m&#7897;t qu&#225;n c&#224; ph&#234; tr&#234;n ph&#7889; Nguy&#7877;n Bi&#7875;u. &#7902; &#273;&#226;y nhi&#7873;u c&#226;y xanh, nh&#7919;ng t&#225;n c&#226;y to l&#7899;n t&#7887;a im l&#236;m gi&#7919;a b&#7847;u tr&#7901;i oi &#7843;. Ngay c&#7843; m&#7897;t c&#417;n gi&#243; t&#7915; thi&#7879;n c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng h&#7873; c&#243;. M&#249;a h&#232; H&#224; N&#7897;i l&#224; ti&#7871;ng c&#242;i xe d&#7891;n d&#7853;p v&#224; ti&#7871;ng ve k&#234;u r&#226;m ran, &#7847;m &#297;. Ti&#7871;ng qu&#7841;t nan phe ph&#7849;y c&#7911;a m&#7845;y b&#224; h&#224;ng n&#432;&#7899;c. Ti&#7871;ng ch&#7917;i &#273;&#7893;ng ch&#225;t ch&#250;a c&#7911;a h&#224;ng x&#243;m. Ti&#7871;ng th&#7903; d&#224;i &#7849;m &#432;&#7899;t m&#7891; h&#244;i.</p><p>C&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh mang trong m&#236;nh th&#224;nh ph&#7889; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng.</p><p>S&#224;i G&#242;n v&#7873; &#273;&#234;m l&#224; ti&#7871;ng rao kh&#244; m&#7921;c. Ti&#7871;ng nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#244;i d&#233;p ch&#7841;y l&#7841;ch b&#7841;ch trong c&#225;c con h&#7867;m. Ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7841;p n&#7863;ng n&#7873; c&#7911;a pedal xe b&#7855;p x&#224;o h&#7897;t v&#7883;t l&#7897;n. Ti&#7871;ng ca c&#7843;i l&#432;&#417;ng v&#259;ng v&#7859;ng. Ti&#7871;ng c&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i &#7891;n &#224;o tr&#234;n v&#7881;a h&#232;. Ti&#7871;ng m&#7897;t hai ba d&#244; c&#7911;a qu&#225;n bia. Ti&#7871;ng ch&#7893;i qu&#233;t r&#225;c vu&#7889;t xu&#7889;ng m&#7863;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#244; &#273;&#417;n.</p><p>T&#7841;i sao trong t&#226;m tr&#237; t&#244;i l&#7841;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh n&#224;y m&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh kh&#225;c? C&#243; l&#7869; &#226;m thanh, c&#361;ng nh&#432; m&#249;i h&#432;&#417;ng, c&#361;ng nh&#432; v&#7883; ngon, &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; t&#249;y ti&#7879;n ch&#7885;n l&#7845;y m&#7897;t ch&#7895; trong &#273;&#7847;u t&#244;i nh&#7901; k&#7927; ni&#7879;m.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSEO!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cca70d8-b900-4cb7-8093-d32b5d611aa4_1500x1000.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Ph&#7889; c&#7893; H&#224; N&#7897;i</em>, B&#249;i Xu&#226;n Ph&#225;i (1981)</figcaption></figure></div><p>L&#7847;n n&#224;o v&#7873; l&#7841;i S&#224;i G&#242;n t&#244;i c&#361;ng th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng h&#236;nh &#7843;nh kh&#225;c l&#7841;. S&#224;i G&#242;n x&#226;y s&#7917;a r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u v&#224; r&#7845;t nhanh, ch&#7881; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh l&#224; v&#7851;n nh&#432; c&#361;. Ti&#7871;ng r&#7893;n ro&#7867;ng c&#7911;a b&#7897; v&#242;ng tu&#7847;n v&#224;ng tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng c&#7859;ng tay ph&#7909; n&#7919; tr&#242;n l&#7859;n. Ti&#7871;ng l&#243;c c&#243;c c&#7911;a c&#225;i t&#7849;y &#273;&#225;. Ti&#7871;ng r&#417;i kh&#7869; kh&#224;ng c&#7911;a l&#225; b&#224;ng. Ti&#7871;ng chu&#244;ng reng b&#225;o gi&#7901; tan h&#7885;c. Ti&#7871;ng n&#7893; m&#225;y ph&#224;nh ph&#7841;ch c&#7911;a chi&#7871;c xe Honda &#7903; tru&#7891;ng.</p><p>B&#226;y gi&#7901; m&#236;nh h&#227;y &#273;i xa m&#7897;t ch&#250;t sang Bangkok, n&#417;i t&#244;i th&#7845;y t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i th&#226;n quen. &#7902; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; ti&#7871;ng t&#224;u skytrain r&#7847;m r&#236; tr&#7901; t&#7899;i b&#7871;n. Ti&#7871;ng loa th&#244;ng b&#225;o t&#234;n tr&#7841;m ti&#7871;p theo. Ti&#7871;ng &#8220;Line~&#8221; b&#225;o tin nh&#7855;n. Ti&#7871;ng n&#7891;i n&#432;&#7899;c l&#232;o s&#244;i l&#7909;c b&#7909;c tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng xe h&#7911; ti&#7871;u. Ti&#7871;ng nh&#7841;c gi&#7853;t &#273;&#249;ng t&#7915; c&#225;c ti&#7879;m qu&#7847;n &#225;o &#7903; Khaosan. Ti&#7871;ng chu&#244;ng v&#7885;ng xa t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ng&#244;i ch&#249;a. Ti&#7871;ng b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n t&#250;a ra t&#7915; s&#226;n v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng sau m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i concert. Ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; xe m&#225;y v&#250;t &#273;i tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng. B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; bao gi&#7901; &#273;i xe &#244;m &#7903; Bangkok ch&#432;a? C&#243; th&#7875; nghe th&#7845;y ti&#7871;ng b&#7843;n th&#226;n lao l&#234;n b&#224;n th&#7901; &#273;&#243;.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Seoul l&#7841;i l&#224; ti&#7871;ng c&#225;c b&#224; th&#237;m g&#7885;i nhau &#237; &#7899;i. Ti&#7871;ng nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#244;i gi&#224;y &#273;i b&#7897; &#273;&#225;p th&#236;nh th&#7883;ch xu&#7889;ng m&#7863;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng. Ti&#7871;ng &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i l&#225;ch t&#225;ch ch&#7909;p &#7843;nh. Ti&#7871;ng c&#7917;a xe bus l&#7841;ch c&#7841;ch m&#7903; &#273;&#243;ng. Ti&#7871;ng gi&#225;o c&#7911;a l&#237;nh g&#225;c cung &#273;i&#7879;n g&#245; xu&#7889;ng n&#7873;n &#273;&#7845;t. Ti&#7871;ng m&#432;a tr&#250;t x&#7889;i x&#7843;. Ti&#7871;ng su&#7889;i Cheonggyecheon ch&#7843;y r&#243;c r&#225;ch. Ti&#7871;ng m&#7849;u thu&#7889;c l&#225; x&#236; x&#232;o ch&#225;y n&#7889;t tr&#234;n v&#7881;a h&#232;.</p><p>Kuala Lumpur l&#224; ti&#7871;ng qu&#7841; k&#234;u, ti&#7871;ng c&#7917;a k&#237;nh trung t&#226;m th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i tr&#432;&#7907;t m&#7903;. Melacca l&#224; ti&#7871;ng chu&#244;ng nh&#224; th&#7901;, ti&#7871;ng thuy&#7873;n ch&#7841;y r&#236; r&#224;o tr&#234;n s&#244;ng. &#272;&#224;i B&#7855;c l&#224; ti&#7871;ng b&#225;nh xe &#273;&#7841;p tr&#432;&#7907;t d&#7889;c ro ro, ti&#7871;ng th&#7903; h&#7893;n h&#7875;n tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng b&#7853;c thang n&#250;i Xiangshan. C&#244;n Minh l&#224; ti&#7871;ng c&#7901; Trung Qu&#7889;c bay l&#7853;t ph&#7853;t. L&#7879; Giang l&#224; ti&#7871;ng nhai b&#225;nh hoa h&#7891;ng ch&#243;p ch&#233;p. Chiang Mai l&#224; ti&#7871;ng l&#249;ng b&#249;ng c&#7911;a h&#224;ng ngh&#236;n chi&#7871;c &#273;&#232;n gi&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7889;t ch&#225;y v&#224; bay l&#234;n cao.</p><p>T&#244;i t&#7915;ng nghe c&#243; m&#7897;t ch&#7883; ng&#432;&#7901;i H&#224; Lan n&#243;i r&#7857;ng S&#224;i G&#242;n qu&#225; &#7847;m &#297;. Ch&#7883; ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t th&#224;nh ph&#7889; n&#224;o &#7891;n &#224;o v&#224; n&#225;o nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7871;n v&#7853;y. H&#243;a ra th&#7913; &#226;m thanh m&#224; t&#244;i l&#7899;n l&#234;n c&#249;ng kh&#244;ng h&#7873; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#432; t&#244;i t&#432;&#7903;ng.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i sinh ra &#7903; n&#417;i y&#234;n t&#297;nh, h&#7885; &#273;&#227; s&#7889;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o? &#194;m thanh xung quanh h&#7885; ph&#7843;n chi&#7871;u m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i ra sao? T&#244;i th&#7853;t kh&#244;ng h&#236;nh dung n&#7893;i.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Women I Met in Seoul]]></title><description><![CDATA[Womanhood takes on different forms in the South Korean capital (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/the-women-i-met-in-seoul</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/the-women-i-met-in-seoul</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2026 11:59:58 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5ce22dae-396f-4462-af43-bf95296943a6_1708x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The women I met in Seoul, whatever their age, profession, or place in society, all seemed to carry the same compelling strength. The young women in the fashionable districts were so beautiful and self-assured it was almost overwhelming. The <em>ajummas</em> in the markets were sturdy, loud, and always in a hurry. They knew exactly what they wanted, and they wanted it immediately. These were not women to be trifled with.</p><h2><strong>1. The Goddesses of Itaewon</strong></h2><p>It was an autumn afternoon, and I was sitting in a small caf&#233; on a slope in Itaewon. Known as Seoul&#8217;s international quarter, Itaewon is filled with foreign restaurants, foreign visitors, and a freer, more unruly spirit than much of the city. By night, the streets swell with people gathering over draught beer and city views. Parts of the neighbourhood rise high above Seoul, and the approach takes you across an elevated footbridge with Namsan Tower in the distance and avenues of autumn trees below. All very K-Drama-worthy. </p><p>But back to the caf&#233;.</p><p>Its enormous windows opened onto the street, making it perfect for people watching. <strong>And in Seoul, when I say watching, I mean watching, not merely looking.</strong> The city&#8217;s women seemed to have stepped out of fashion editorials,<strong> </strong>straight off a runway and onto the pavement. They were beautifully made up, dressed in clothes that felt current without ever looking accidental, every detail apparently considered. Even the way they walked carried a confidence worth staring at.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg" width="1200" height="955" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:955,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TiQm!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5411e6e-6724-4d7d-ba72-61748b8761f8_1200x955.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Scenery on Dano Day</em>, Shin Yun Bok (1758/1858)</figcaption></figure></div><p>They looked like the women in advertisements, the ones polished to the point of unreality. <strong>Only then did I begin to understand the weight of South Korea&#8217;s beauty standards.</strong> Watching the women of Itaewon stride past in heels as if the street had slowed for them, hair lifting in the breeze and falling across luminous faces, I wanted to book a cosmetic procedure immediately.</p><p>Behind that effortless spectacle, of course, lay enormous effort, and one of the world&#8217;s most powerful beauty industries. I admired the women of Itaewon for the sheer force of presence in every step, every gesture, every smile. There, I wanted to be their friend. I wanted them to notice me. I wanted to be them.</p><p>Seoul&#8217;s glamorous women carried their elegance with such authority that they made me feel small, if only for a moment. <strong>They reminded me of ducks gliding across a lake</strong>: serene and graceful above the surface, paddling furiously underneath.</p><p>When I left the caf&#233;, I spotted two ginger cats dozing in the sunlight on a rooftop. They, at least, seemed entirely idle both above and below the surface.</p><h2><strong>2. The Ajummas of Gwangjang Market</strong></h2><p>While I was in Seoul, I stumbled upon <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2018/11/9/south-korea-the-women-of-the-gwangjang-market">this article by Joel Lawrence</a>. It inspired me to write this piece.</p><p>The women of Gwangjang were exactly like the <em>ajummas</em> I had seen in Korean dramas. They wore calf-high rubber boots, aprons, gloves, and tightly permed hair. Layer upon layer of winter clothing made them look even more formidable. They spoke loudly and quickly, their hands forever slicing meat, tending pans, hauling buckets and metal basins. By afternoon, Gwangjang Market was dense with noise and bodies, and the women rarely seemed to stop.</p><p>They sold mung bean pancakes, kimchi, soondae, fish-cake soup, tteokbokki, and gimbap. Each woman ruled over a kingdom of perhaps two or three square metres, usually packed shoulder to shoulder with customers. Every sentence left her mouth with the crisp authority of an order. I understood none of it, but given the delivery, I could only assume commands were being issued.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>In the quieter corners, where business had slowed, the women sat pouring batter or rearranging bowls of kimchi in silence. Even then, their faces held the same pride: pride mixed with hardship, and a certain roughness that had no need to soften itself. That was how the women of Gwangjang appeared to me.</p><p>More than a century old, Gwangjang is one of South Korea&#8217;s oldest traditional markets. People come for tteokbokki and bowls of makgeolli poured by ajummas who seem entirely unimpressed by fame, class, or fussiness. <strong>No one is too demanding, too ordinary, or too grand for the women of Gwangjang.</strong> When Gordon Ramsay visited in 2017, one of them simply rolled a piece of gimbap and fed it directly into his mouth.</p><p>The ajummas are ruthlessly fair, and they prove it one plate at a time. Whoever you are and wherever you come from, you receive the same soondae with salt, pepper, and pork offal, the same bowl of scarlet tteokbokki. <strong>They whirl through the market&#8217;s relentless rhythm with no time to make a ceremony of you.</strong></p><p>The only way they make you feel special is by putting something delicious in front of you.</p><p>I began to think that people came to Gwangjang not only to eat, but to witness these women at work. I felt lucky to sit close to them, hoping some of their resilience might pass into me, wondering how so much force could coexist so peacefully beneath a single roof.</p><p>And yet, when the market slows and they have time to themselves, these same ajummas go on picnics together, laughing and talking like old school friends.</p><h2><strong>3. The Princesses of Gyeongbokgung Palace</strong></h2><p>For the final part of this story, let us return to the Joseon era, or at least to Seoul&#8217;s playful version of it. Every day, the city&#8217;s palaces fill with princesses in hanbok, drifting through courtyards and taking one selfie after another.</p><p>South Korea has found an ingenious way to preserve and promote traditional dress: anyone wearing hanbok can enter Seoul&#8217;s royal palaces for free, whether Korean or foreign. The result is that visitors to Gyeongbokgung, the principal palace, and Changdeokgung, once used as a secondary royal residence, arrive dressed in layers of silk and colour. Their photographs then travel far beyond the palace walls, carried around the world on social media.</p><p>Even before you reach the gates, the surrounding pavements are crowded with young girls in elaborate hanbok of every shade, their skin bright and luminous, their hair carefully arranged, coffee cups and hotteok in hand as they chatter and pose. Some carry skewers of meat between photographs. </p><p>Unlike the polished ladies of Itaewon or the formidable ajummas of Gwangjang, <strong>the hanbok-clad girls at Gyeongbokgung radiated something lighter</strong>: freshness, playfulness, youth. This, in fact, suited the palaces perfectly.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg" width="1000" height="802" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:802,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-qf!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4da0d9d-04e6-4254-81e4-2f44b0ea93fb_1000x802.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>A Spring Outing of the Young</em>, Shin Yun Bok (1758/1858)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Changgyeonggung were repeatedly damaged and destroyed through war and occupation. Much of what visitors see today has been reconstructed on the old palace grounds, with restoration continuing well into the 21st century. When I visited in 2018, some sections were still being rebuilt. <strong>Their very existence is therefore a meeting between old and new.</strong> Rather than conceal the losses embedded in these places, South Korea has allowed reconstruction itself to become part of their story. The girls in hanbok seem to embody that tension beautifully: traditional and entirely contemporary.</p><p>In their own way, the princesses of Gyeongbokgung paint a vivid, many-coloured portrait of Korea. And when you visit Seoul and put on a hanbok yourself, perhaps you too will feel, for an afternoon, that you have stepped inside it.</p><p><em>(This was a travel log entry I wrote in 2019, a few months after my first trip to South Korea.)</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/the-women-i-met-in-seoul?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/the-women-i-met-in-seoul?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; v&#7869; n&#234;n H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c</h1><p>Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; t&#244;i g&#7863;p &#7903; Seoul, cho d&#249; &#7903; &#273;&#7883;a v&#7883; n&#224;o, gi&#224; hay tr&#7867;, l&#224;m ngh&#7873; g&#236;, c&#361;ng &#273;&#7873;u to&#225;t l&#234;n m&#7897;t v&#7867; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; r&#7845;t cu&#7889;n h&#250;t. C&#225;c c&#244; g&#225;i &#7903; nh&#7919;ng khu ph&#7889; cao c&#7845;p th&#236; xinh &#273;&#7865;p v&#224; t&#7921; tin &#273;&#7871;n cho&#225;ng ng&#7907;p. C&#225;c b&#224; th&#237;m &#7903; ch&#7907; th&#236; kho&#7867; m&#7841;nh, n&#243;i to, lu&#244;n g&#7845;p g&#225;p. H&#7885; bi&#7871;t r&#245; m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n g&#236; v&#224; mu&#7889;n n&#243; ngay t&#7913;c kh&#7855;c. Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; n&#224;y, th&#7853;t s&#7921; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#249;a v&#7899;i h&#7885; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#226;u.</p><h2>1. Nh&#7919;ng n&#224;ng ti&#234;n &#7903; Itaewon</h2><p>Chi&#7873;u m&#249;a thu, t&#244;i ng&#7891;i u&#7889;ng c&#224; ph&#234; trong m&#7897;t qu&#225;n nh&#7887; b&#234;n s&#432;&#7901;n d&#7889;c &#7903; Itaewon. Khu Itaewon n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng l&#224; khu ph&#7889; T&#226;y, nhi&#7873;u h&#224;ng qu&#225;n T&#226;y, nhi&#7873;u kh&#225;ch T&#226;y, t&#7921; do ph&#243;ng kho&#225;ng. V&#7873; &#273;&#234;m, khu n&#224;y nh&#7897;n nh&#7883;p, &#273;&#244;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7871;n t&#7909; t&#7853;p u&#7889;ng bia t&#432;&#417;i, ng&#7855;m th&#224;nh ph&#7889; (Itaewon c&#243; &#273;o&#7841;n n&#7857;m tr&#234;n &#273;&#7891;i, nh&#236;n xu&#7889;ng Seoul b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i r&#7845;t &#273;&#7865;p). &#272;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7871;n Itaewon &#273;i ngang m&#7897;t &#273;o&#7841;n c&#7847;u &#273;i b&#7897; tr&#234;n kh&#244;ng, nh&#236;n th&#7845;y th&#225;p Namsan &#7903; xa, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#7889; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng h&#224;ng c&#226;y thay l&#225; d&#432;&#7899;i ch&#226;n, tr&#244;ng &#273;&#7853;m ch&#7845;t &#273;i&#7879;n &#7843;nh K-Drama c&#225;c th&#7913;.</p><p>L&#7841;i n&#243;i t&#244;i &#273;ang ng&#7891;i u&#7889;ng c&#224; ph&#234; b&#234;n s&#432;&#7901;n d&#7889;c. Qu&#225;n c&#224; ph&#234; n&#224;y c&#243; c&#7917;a k&#237;nh r&#7845;t to nh&#236;n ra &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng, tha h&#7891; ng&#7855;m ng&#432;&#7901;i qua l&#7841;i. <strong>&#7902; Seoul, khi n&#243;i &#8220;ng&#7855;m ng&#432;&#7901;i qua l&#7841;i&#8221; t&#244;i th&#7853;t mu&#7889;n n&#243;i l&#224; &#8220;ng&#7855;m&#8221;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;nh&#236;n&#8221;.</strong> Nh&#7919;ng c&#244; g&#225;i tr&#7867; &#7903; Seoul c&#7913; nh&#432; b&#432;&#7899;c ra t&#7915; t&#7841;p ch&#237; th&#7901;i trang, t&#7915; s&#224;n catwalk ti&#7871;n th&#7859;ng ra &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng. Ai c&#361;ng xinh &#273;&#7865;p, trang &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7847;u k&#7923;, qu&#7847;n &#225;o h&#7907;p m&#7889;t v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;n nh&#7855;c m&#7897;t c&#225;ch tinh t&#7871;. M&#7895;i b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i c&#7911;a h&#7885; &#273;&#7873;u to&#225;t l&#234;n m&#7897;t s&#7921; t&#7921; tin &#273;&#225;ng tr&#7847;m tr&#7891;. Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; b&#7841;n th&#7845;y trong phim qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#273;&#7865;p &#273;&#7869; &#273;&#7871;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; th&#7853;t. <strong>Gi&#7901; t&#244;i m&#7899;i hi&#7875;u &#225;p l&#7921;c nhan s&#7855;c &#7903; H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c n&#7863;ng n&#7873; &#273;&#7871;n th&#7871; n&#224;o.</strong> Ng&#7855;m nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#7903; Itaewon s&#7843;i t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n cao g&#243;t nh&#432; slo-mo, t&#243;c gi&#243; th&#244;i bay v&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng khu&#244;n m&#7863;t r&#7921;c r&#7905;, t&#244;i ch&#7881; mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7871;n th&#7849;m m&#7929; vi&#7879;n ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>&#272;&#7857;ng sau khung c&#7843;nh th&#7847;n ti&#234;n &#273;&#243; l&#224; c&#7843; m&#7897;t s&#7921; n&#7895; l&#7921;c, c&#7843; m&#7897;t ng&#224;nh c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p s&#7855;c &#273;&#7865;p h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. T&#244;i ng&#432;&#7905;ng m&#7897; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; xinh &#273;&#7865;p &#7903; Itaewon v&#236; th&#7847;n th&#225;i ng&#7853;p tr&#224;n trong t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n c&#7911;a h&#7885;, t&#7915;ng c&#7917; ch&#7881;, t&#7915;ng n&#7909; c&#432;&#7901;i. Trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c, t&#244;i mu&#7889;n l&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7911;a h&#7885;, t&#244;i mu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7885; &#273;&#7875; &#253;, t&#244;i mu&#7889;n l&#224; h&#7885;. Nh&#7919;ng c&#244; g&#225;i h&#224;o nho&#225;ng c&#7911;a Seoul to&#225;t ra v&#7867; sang tr&#7885;ng r&#7845;t m&#7841;nh m&#7869;, h&#7885; khi&#7871;n t&#244;i th&#7845;y nh&#7887; b&#233;, d&#249; ch&#7881; trong ph&#250;t ch&#7889;c. <strong>H&#7885; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng con v&#7883;t &#273;ang b&#417;i trong h&#7891; n&#432;&#7899;c</strong>: b&#234;n tr&#234;n th&#7843;n nhi&#234;n thanh tho&#225;t, b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i c&#7853;t l&#7921;c &#273;i&#234;n cu&#7891;ng.</p><p>R&#7901;i qu&#225;n c&#224; ph&#234;, t&#244;i b&#7855;t g&#7863;p hai con m&#232;o v&#224;ng &#273;ang n&#7857;m lim dim ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng tr&#234;n m&#225;i nh&#224;. Ch&#250;ng n&#243; th&#236; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n l&#224; b&#234;n tr&#234;n hay b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i c&#361;ng &#273;&#7873;u &#7875;nh &#432;&#417;ng th&#7853;t s&#7921;.</p><h2>2. Nh&#7919;ng b&#224; th&#237;m &#7903; ch&#7907; Gwangjang</h2><p>Th&#7901;i gian &#7903; Seoul, t&#244;i c&#243; &#273;&#7885;c <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2018/11/9/south-korea-the-women-of-the-gwangjang-market">m&#7897;t ph&#243;ng s&#7921; c&#7911;a Joel Lawrence</a>. N&#243; khi&#7871;n t&#244;i mu&#7889;n vi&#7871;t b&#224;i n&#224;y. Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#7903; ch&#7907; Gwangjang r&#7845;t &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh cho nh&#226;n v&#7853;t b&#224; th&#237;m (ajumma) m&#224; t&#244;i hay th&#7845;y tr&#234;n phim H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c. H&#7885; &#273;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#244;i &#7911;ng cao su l&#234;n &#273;&#7871;n n&#7917;a b&#7855;p ch&#226;n, &#273;eo t&#7841;p d&#7873;, g&#259;ng tay, t&#243;c xo&#259;n t&#237;t, &#273;&#250;ng nh&#432; trong phim H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c. T&#7915;ng l&#7899;p &#225;o qu&#7847;n ch&#7889;ng r&#233;t l&#7841;i c&#224;ng khi&#7871;n h&#7885; tr&#244;ng cao l&#7899;n h&#417;n. H&#7885; n&#243;i to v&#224; n&#243;i v&#7897;i v&#224;ng. L&#250;c n&#224;o h&#7885; c&#361;ng &#273;ang tho&#259;n tho&#7855;n th&#225;i th&#7883;t, n&#7845;u b&#7871;p, ho&#7863;c b&#234; x&#244; b&#234; ch&#7853;u. Ch&#7907; Gwangjang bu&#7893;i chi&#7873;u t&#7845;p n&#7853;p v&#224; &#7891;n &#224;o, ch&#7859;ng m&#7845;y khi th&#7845;y h&#7885; ng&#417;i tay.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng b&#224; th&#237;m b&#225;n b&#225;nh x&#232;o &#273;&#7853;u xanh, kim chi, d&#7891;i x&#244;i, s&#250;p ch&#7843; c&#225;, b&#225;nh g&#7841;o, gimbap, m&#7895;i b&#224; l&#224; ch&#7911; m&#7897;t giang s&#417;n t&#7847;m hai ba m&#233;t vu&#244;ng, &#273;a s&#7889; &#273;&#7873;u ch&#7853;t k&#237;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ng&#7891;i. T&#7915;ng c&#226;u m&#7879;nh l&#7879;nh r&#7901;i m&#244;i h&#7885; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch d&#7913;t kho&#225;t. (T&#244;i v&#7889;n kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u h&#7885; n&#243;i g&#236;, nh&#432;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;i phong th&#225;i nh&#432; v&#7853;y t&#244;i bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i &#273;o&#225;n &#273;&#243; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u m&#7879;nh l&#7879;nh.) &#7902; nh&#7919;ng g&#243;c v&#7855;ng kh&#225;ch h&#417;n, c&#225;c b&#224; ch&#7881; ng&#7891;i &#273;&#7893; b&#7897;t hay b&#224;y bi&#7879;n l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng ch&#7853;u kim chi, kh&#244;ng n&#243;i ti&#7871;ng n&#224;o. Nh&#432;ng g&#432;&#417;ng m&#7863;t h&#7885; lu&#244;n gi&#7919; v&#7867; ki&#234;u h&#227;nh. Ki&#234;u h&#227;nh pha v&#7899;i lam l&#361;, v&#224; m&#7897;t t&#237; th&#244; s&#417;, &#273;&#7845;y l&#224; ch&#226;n dung nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#7903; ch&#7907; Gwangjang trong m&#7855;t t&#244;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg" width="1200" height="1000" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1000,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VTrn!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07861c1c-e09d-4135-96f3-8208308e23b5_1200x1000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Album of Obscene Paintings</em>, Shin Yun Bok (1758/1858)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ch&#7907; Gwangjang &#273;&#227; h&#417;n 100 n&#259;m tu&#7893;i, l&#224; khu ch&#7907; l&#226;u &#273;&#7901;i nh&#7845;t H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#7875; &#259;n tteokbokki v&#224; u&#7889;ng r&#432;&#7907;u g&#7841;o makgeolli do c&#225;c ajumma b&#225;n. <strong>Kh&#244;ng ai l&#224; qu&#225; kh&#243; t&#237;nh, qu&#225; t&#7847;m th&#432;&#7901;ng, hay qu&#225; sang tr&#7885;ng cho c&#225;c ajumma c&#7911;a ch&#7907; Gwangjang.</strong> N&#259;m 2017 khi Gordon Ramsay &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y, &#244;ng ta c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t ajumma qu&#7845;n gimbap r&#7891;i &#273;&#250;t cho &#259;n. Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y c&#244;ng b&#7857;ng v&#7899;i b&#7841;n l&#7855;m, v&#224; h&#7885; ch&#7913;ng minh s&#7921; c&#244;ng b&#7857;ng &#273;&#243; qua t&#7915;ng &#273;&#297;a th&#7913;c &#259;n. B&#7845;t k&#7875; b&#7841;n l&#224; ai, &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u, h&#7885; c&#361;ng mang ra m&#7897;t &#273;&#297;a d&#7891;i x&#244;i soondae gi&#7889;ng nhau, v&#7899;i mu&#7889;i ti&#234;u v&#224; l&#242;ng l&#7907;n, hay m&#7897;t b&#225;t b&#225;nh g&#7841;o tteokbokki &#273;&#7887; r&#7921;c gi&#7889;ng nhau. H&#7885; quay m&#242;ng m&#242;ng gi&#7919;a s&#7921; d&#7891;n d&#7853;p c&#7911;a khu ch&#7907; Gwangjang, ch&#7859;ng c&#243; th&#7901;i gian m&#224; ch&#250; &#253; &#273;&#7871;n b&#7841;n. <strong>C&#225;ch duy nh&#7845;t h&#7885; khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n th&#7845;y &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t ch&#7881; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#297;a th&#7913;c &#259;n ngon m&#224; th&#244;i.</strong></p><p>T&#244;i ngh&#297; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;&#7871;n ch&#7907; Gwangjang kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; &#259;n, m&#224; c&#242;n &#273;&#7875; t&#7853;n m&#7855;t ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#273;&#225;ng n&#7875; n&#224;y. T&#244;i th&#7845;y may m&#7855;n khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#7891;i g&#7847;n h&#7885;, mong sao s&#7921; ki&#234;n c&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; &#273;&#243; l&#226;y sang c&#7843; m&#236;nh, t&#7921; h&#7887;i v&#236; sao nh&#7919;ng ngu&#7891;n n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng quy&#7871;t li&#7879;t n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; c&#249;ng t&#7891;n t&#7841;i ho&#224; b&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i m&#7897;t m&#225;i ch&#7907;.</p><p>Ho&#225; ra, nh&#7919;ng khi r&#7843;nh r&#7895;i, c&#225;c ajumma b&#225;n h&#224;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#7841;i t&#7909; t&#7853;p &#273;i d&#227; ngo&#7841;i, c&#249;ng nhau c&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#249;a v&#224; n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n th&#7853;t vui v&#7867;.</p><h2>3. Nh&#7919;ng c&#244; g&#225;i &#7903; cung &#273;i&#7879;n Gyeongbokgung</h2><p>Cho ph&#7847;n cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#7911;a b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, t&#244;i s&#7869; &#273;&#432;a b&#7841;n v&#7873; th&#7901;i Joseon (tri&#7873;u &#273;&#7841;i Tri&#7873;u Ti&#234;n). C&#225;c cung &#273;i&#7879;n Seoul ng&#224;y ng&#224;y v&#7851;n c&#243; nh&#7919;ng n&#224;ng c&#244;ng ch&#250;a m&#7863;c hanbok, d&#7853;p d&#236;u v&#224;o ra ch&#7909;p selfie choen cho&#233;t.</p><p>H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch g&#236;n gi&#7919; v&#224; qu&#7843;ng b&#225; v&#259;n ho&#225; truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng r&#7845;t hay: n&#7871;u m&#7863;c hanbok, b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mi&#7877;n ph&#237; v&#233; v&#224;o c&#7917;a tham quan c&#225;c cung &#273;i&#7879;n &#7903; Seoul, &#225;p d&#7909;ng cho c&#7843; kh&#225;ch trong n&#432;&#7899;c l&#7851;n n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#224;i. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; l&#224; ai &#273;&#7871;n th&#259;m Gyeongbokgung (cung &#273;i&#7879;n ch&#237;nh) hay Changdeokgung (cung &#273;i&#7879;n m&#249;a h&#232;) c&#361;ng &#273;&#7873;u di&#7879;n hanbok, v&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c &#7843;nh tr&#234;n Facebook hay Instagram c&#7911;a h&#7885; mang hanbok &#273;i kh&#7855;p th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. Ch&#432;a c&#7847;n b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o c&#7893;ng cung &#273;i&#7879;n, c&#225;c v&#7881;a h&#232; trong khu ph&#7889; n&#224;y &#273;&#227; ng&#7853;p tr&#224;n nh&#7919;ng c&#244; g&#225;i H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c di&#7879;n hanbok &#273;&#7911; m&#224;u l&#7897;ng l&#7851;y, da tr&#7855;ng h&#7891;ng, m&#7855;t m&#7897;t m&#237; (ho&#7863;c hai m&#237; n&#7871;u &#273;&#227; &#273;i s&#7917;a, m&#7897;t m&#243;n qu&#224; t&#7889;t nghi&#7879;p ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n c&#7911;a ph&#7909; huynh d&#224;nh t&#7863;ng con g&#225;i), tay c&#7847;m c&#7889;c c&#224; ph&#234; ho&#7863;c b&#225;nh hotteok, th&#7883;t xi&#234;n &#259;n v&#7863;t, t&#237;u t&#237;t ch&#7909;p &#7843;nh.</p><p>Tr&#225;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ph&#7909; n&#7919; xinh &#273;&#7865;p &#7903; Itaewon, hay c&#225;c ajumma m&#7841;nh m&#7869; c&#7911;a ch&#7907; Gwangjang, <strong>nh&#7919;ng c&#244; g&#225;i di&#7879;n hanbok trong Gyeongbokgung to&#225;t l&#234;n m&#7897;t n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#244; c&#249;ng t&#432;&#417;i m&#7899;i.</strong> &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y th&#7921;c ra l&#224; r&#7845;t ho&#224;n h&#7843;o v&#7899;i c&#225;c cung &#273;i&#7879;n &#7903; Seoul.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_nMX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa73391cd-c08c-4caa-a406-de6a5ed3ae89_1000x803.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_nMX!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa73391cd-c08c-4caa-a406-de6a5ed3ae89_1000x803.jpeg 424w, 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/__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa73391cd-c08c-4caa-a406-de6a5ed3ae89_1000x803.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>A Widow Enjoying Spring</em>, Shin Yun Bok (1758/1858)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, v&#224; Changgyeonggung &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#227; b&#7883; t&#224;n ph&#225; g&#7847;n h&#7871;t trong chi&#7871;n tranh Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n &#8211; Tri&#7873;u Ti&#234;n. Nh&#7919;ng g&#236; b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#226;y gi&#7901; &#273;a ph&#7847;n v&#7915;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y m&#7899;i v&#224;i n&#259;m tr&#7903; l&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y tr&#234;n n&#7873;n cung &#273;i&#7879;n c&#361; (c&#243; nh&#7919;ng khu ch&#7881; m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y t&#7915; n&#259;m 2016). N&#259;m 2018 khi t&#244;i &#273;&#7871;n, m&#7897;t s&#7889; khu v&#7921;c trong c&#225;c cung &#273;i&#7879;n v&#7851;n &#273;ang ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#225;i d&#7921;ng. <strong>B&#7843;n th&#226;n s&#7921; hi&#7879;n h&#7919;u c&#7911;a Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, v&#224; Changgyeonggung ng&#224;y nay &#273;&#227; pha tr&#7897;n gi&#7919;a truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng v&#224; hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i.</strong> Thay v&#236; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng che d&#7845;u nh&#7919;ng t&#7893;n th&#7845;t v&#7873; v&#259;n ho&#225; n&#224;y, H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c &#273;&#227; kh&#233;o l&#233;o bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a s&#7921; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n, m&#224; hi&#7879;n th&#226;n ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#244; g&#225;i m&#7863;c hanbok xinh t&#432;&#417;i.</p><p>B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch r&#7845;t ri&#234;ng, nh&#7919;ng n&#224;ng c&#244;ng ch&#250;a m&#7863;c hanbok &#7903; Gyeongbokgung v&#7869; n&#234;n m&#7897;t H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c th&#7853;t nhi&#7873;u m&#224;u s&#7855;c. T&#244;i mong r&#7857;ng khi &#273;&#7871;n Seoul v&#224; di&#7879;n hanbok, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng s&#7869; th&#7845;y m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c th&#250; v&#7883;.</p><p><em>(B&#224;i du k&#253; n&#224;y t&#244;i vi&#7871;t v&#224;o n&#259;m 2019, v&#224;i th&#225;ng sau chuy&#7871;n &#273;i H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n.)</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Our Undignified Vocabulary]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nothing is sacred in the land of advertising and AI language, but a new regulation in Vietnam is asking for receipts (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/our-undignified-vocabulary</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/our-undignified-vocabulary</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 08:32:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ea0f59ea-e3a5-4701-a7ba-8dc5ce95ea71_1530x840.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Back when I worked in Vietnam advertising more than ten years ago, the word I feared most was <em>&#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p</em>. In English, the closest equivalent might be <em>premium</em>, though depending on the campaign, it could also arrive dressed as <em>world-class</em>, <em>unique</em>, <em>best-in-class</em>, or <em>breakthrough</em>. It was one of the most abused words in Vietnamese advertising, no matter the industry or product. Premium apartments, premium refrigerators, premium golf courses.</p><p>Have you ever repeated a word so many times that it suddenly lost all meaning? With <em>&#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p</em>, this overuse carried a neat internal irony: <strong>if everything is premium, then nothing is premium</strong>. And yet every day, we continue to be confronted with endless varieties of premium and are expected to believe that this premium is not like the others, no no no, this premium is more premium.</p><p>You may remember from school that hyperbole is one of the major rhetorical devices. AI defines hyperbole as follows:</p><blockquote><p>Hyperbole is a rhetorical device that exaggerates the degree, scale, or quality of an object or phenomenon far beyond reality. Its purpose is to create a strong impression, heighten expressiveness, and emphasise the essence of the matter.</p></blockquote><p>I&#8217;m not sure when the language of advertising became more or less synonymous with the language of hyperboles. I only know that by the time I started working, it already was. <strong>Everything had to be the best.</strong> Everything had to be the most, state-of-the-art, first-of-its-kind. Extreme words and polished superlatives were almost standard practice. If you did not use them, the client would feel that something was missing, that it was not enough, that it lacked a certain oomph, some elusive <em>je ne sais quoi</em> in the land of billboards and posters.</p><p>Since around 2020, as the empire of influencers and livestreamers rose to power, this kind of language has gradually seeped into everyday speech. Everyone is fighting for attention with loud, oversized words, words that must be memorable, must &#8216;stick&#8217;, must lodge themselves to your &#8216;top of mind&#8217;. <strong>Vocabulary used to be a tool for telling stories, now vocabulary is expected to become the story itself.</strong> Words are made to carry a task far beyond their strength, cracking under the weight of capitalism.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>In Vietnamese, a great choice of word is commended as an &#8216;expensive&#8217; word, aptly so. Good words are like money: print too much of them and they become cheap. Inflated. Words like <em>authentic</em>, <em>exclusive</em>, <em>curated</em>, and <em>game-changing</em> are slowly eroded, stripped of their original meaning. When the moment comes that we truly need one of these words, we have to summon another to replace it. With time, the replacement meets the same end. <strong>The dignity of our vocabulary is degraded little by little, until it vanishes altogether.</strong></p><p>Advertising is not the only culprit. In the great degradation of language, AI is not only more productive; it has a special gift for using nice words to say a great deal of nothing. From a single opening sentence, AI can produce an entire paragraph of slop, made from words that are elegant, succinct, and eloquent. That eerie feeling of reading AI slop perhaps comes from this contradiction: it is beautiful, but soulless. AI slop is never wrong, but it is never right either. <strong>Words with meaning are gathered to die in meaninglessness.</strong> Quite impressive, don&#8217;t you think?</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>But why should this matter, even if you&#8217;re not a writer?</p></div><p>Language is one of the core pillars in the making of society. English has shaped me as much as I have participated in shaping English. To change language is also to change me. There have been many studies on how bilingual speakers&#8217; personalities shift when they move between languages:</p><ul><li><p>More open and extroverted in English compared with Spanish (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656604000753?via%3Dihub">2006</a>)</p></li><li><p>More open in English, more agreeable and socially harmonious in Chinese (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47414939_Two_Languages_Two_Personalities_Examining_Language_Effects_on_the_Expression_of_Personality_in_a_Bilingual_Context">2010</a>)</p></li><li><p>More open in English, more self-monitoring in Korean (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397296007_The_Language_Effect_Investigating_the_Impact_of_Language_Switching_on_Personality_in_Korean-English_Bilinguals">2025</a>)</p></li></ul><p>Even more interesting are studies on how advertising language affects its audience:</p><ul><li><p>Sensory language increases the perceived authenticity and trustworthiness of influencers (<a href="https://www.ebsco.com/articles/business-and-management/bd863c18-e0d9-5541-ad74-b466771f5219/how-sensory-language-shapes-influencer-s-impact">2023</a>)</p></li><li><p>Slang and vocabulary familiar to specific target audiences help move listener from &#8216;ad-watching&#8217; mode into &#8216;friend-making&#8217; mode (<a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8872418/">2022</a>)</p></li><li><p>Exposure to sensory and exaggerated language on social media temporarily increases state neuroticism (<a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10653346/">2022</a>)</p></li></ul><p>In that spirit, I must wonder: <strong>how does moving between our everyday language and the language of advertising/influencers/AI change us?</strong> At the most basic level, I think our standards and expectations have already shifted. It would now be very difficult to convince me that anything is truly premium.</p><p>Of course, I am personally more invested. When a writer loses faith in vocabulary, I fear she is left with nothing but rage.</p><p>In 1966, Prime Minister Ph&#7841;m V&#259;n &#272;&#7891;ng launched a campaign to <strong>&#8216;Preserve the Purity of the Vietnamese Language&#8217;</strong>. At the time, the campaign focused on encouraging correct spelling and discouraging the unnecessary overuse of slang and borrowed words<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>. In the early internet days of the 2000s, people often quoted this phrase to criticise the Vietnamese &#8220;teen code&#8221; language. I had thought then language should be allowed to evolve with people, not held so rigidly in place. Now I see perhaps a little rigidity need not be villainised. </p><p>Starting today, organisations and individuals in Vietnam are facing fines if they use promotional terms such as <em>best</em>, <em>best quality</em>, <em>top quality, </em>and similar superlative claims in advertisements without providing legally recognised evidence to support them.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/our-undignified-vocabulary?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/our-undignified-vocabulary?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1><strong>Ph&#7849;m h&#7841;nh b&#7883; &#273;&#225;nh m&#7845;t c&#7911;a ng&#244;n t&#7915;</strong></h1><p>Th&#7901;i c&#242;n &#273;i l&#224;m qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o c&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y h&#417;n 10 n&#259;m, t&#244;i s&#7907; nh&#7845;t hai ch&#7919; &#8220;&#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p&#8221;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; b&#7883; l&#7841;m d&#7909;ng nh&#7845;t trong ng&#244;n ng&#7919; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o: b&#7845;t k&#7875; ng&#224;nh ngh&#7873;, b&#7845;t ch&#7845;p s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, &#273;&#7909;ng &#273;&#226;u c&#361;ng th&#7845;y &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#226;ng t&#7847;m. C&#259;n h&#7897; &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p, t&#7911; l&#7841;nh &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p, s&#226;n g&#244;n &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p. B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; bao gi&#7901; th&#7917; l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i m&#7897;t t&#7915; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n, nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i b&#7895;ng d&#432;ng n&#243; m&#7845;t h&#7871;t &#253; ngh&#297;a ch&#432;a? Ri&#234;ng t&#7915; &#8220;&#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p&#8221; n&#224;y khi b&#7883; l&#7841;m d&#7909;ng qu&#225; m&#7913;c c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7921; m&#7881;a mai n&#7897;i t&#7841;i r&#7845;t hay: <strong>n&#7871;u m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p th&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; l&#224; &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p n&#7919;a c&#7843;.</strong> Th&#7871; nh&#432;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;y ch&#250;ng ta v&#7851;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i v&#244; s&#7889; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p v&#224; tin r&#7857;ng c&#225;i &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p n&#224;y kh&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p c&#242;n l&#7841;i, <strong>c&#225;i &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p n&#224;y &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p h&#417;n.</strong></p><p>Ng&#224;y b&#233; h&#7885;c v&#259;n, ch&#7855;c b&#7841;n c&#361;ng nh&#7899; trong s&#7889; c&#225;c bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p tu t&#7915; ch&#237;nh c&#243; ph&#233;p ph&#243;ng &#273;&#7841;i. AI &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a ph&#233;p ph&#243;ng &#273;&#7841;i nh&#432; sau:</p><blockquote><p>Ph&#243;ng &#273;&#7841;i l&#224; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p tu t&#7915; ph&#243;ng chi&#7871;u m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897;, quy m&#244;, ho&#7863;c t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a s&#7921; v&#7853;t, hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng l&#234;n cao h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i th&#7921;c t&#7871;. M&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch l&#224; &#273;&#7875; g&#226;y &#7845;n t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7841;nh, t&#259;ng s&#7913;c bi&#7875;u c&#7843;m v&#224; l&#224;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;.</p></blockquote><p>T&#244;i c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng r&#245; t&#7915; khi n&#224;o ng&#244;n ng&#7919; trong ng&#224;nh qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o &#273;&#227; th&#224;nh ra &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i ng&#244;n ng&#7919; ph&#243;ng &#273;&#7841;i, ch&#7881; bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng t&#7915; l&#250;c t&#244;i &#273;i l&#224;m th&#236; n&#243; &#273;&#227; l&#224; nh&#432; v&#7853;y r&#7891;i. M&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i l&#224; nh&#7845;t, m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u. <strong>Vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c t&#7915; c&#7921;c &#273;oan, c&#225;c m&#7929; t&#7915; g&#7847;n nh&#432; l&#224; ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n.</strong> N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng t&#7915; c&#7921;c &#273;oan, kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng s&#7869; th&#7845;y thi&#7871;u thi&#7871;u, th&#7845;y ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911;, th&#7845;y sao sao &#225;. T&#7915; kho&#7843;ng 2020 &#273;&#7871;n nay, khi &#273;&#7871; ch&#7871; c&#7911;a c&#225;c influencer v&#224; livestreamer l&#234;n ng&#244;i, lo&#7841;i t&#7915; ng&#7919; n&#224;y d&#7847;n len v&#224;o v&#259;n n&#243;i h&#224;ng ng&#224;y. Ai c&#361;ng c&#7889; gi&#224;nh s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; b&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; r&#7845;t &#273;ao to b&#250;a l&#7899;n, nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; th&#7853;t <em>k&#234;u</em>, ph&#7843;i <em>ghim v&#224;o &#273;&#7847;u</em>. <strong>Ng&#244;n t&#7915; t&#7915;ng l&#224; c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#7875; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n, gi&#7901; ph&#7843;i tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ch&#237;nh c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n.</strong> C&#225;c t&#7915; &#273;&#417;n, t&#7915; gh&#233;p ph&#7843;i g&#225;nh tr&#234;n vai m&#7897;t nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; qu&#225; s&#7913;c, &#273;&#7913;t g&#227;y r&#259;ng r&#7855;c d&#432;&#7899;i s&#7913;c n&#7863;ng c&#7911;a t&#432; b&#7843;n.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta n&#243;i ai &#273;&#243; d&#249;ng t&#7915; &#8220;&#273;&#7855;t&#8221; b&#7903;i v&#236; t&#7915; ng&#7919; hay gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; ti&#7873;n b&#7841;c, in qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7875; ti&#234;u th&#236; s&#7869; th&#224;nh r&#7867; r&#250;ng, l&#7841;m ph&#225;t. Nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; nh&#432; &#8220;&#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p&#8221;, &#8220;&#273;&#7897;c &#273;&#225;o&#8221;, &#8220;b&#237; m&#7853;t&#8221;, &#8220;&#273;&#7897;t ph&#225;&#8221;, &#8220;tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m&#8221; d&#7847;n m&#7845;t &#273;i &#253; ngh&#297;a v&#7889;n c&#243; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng, khi&#7871;n trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p th&#7853;t c&#7847;n, l&#7841;i ph&#7843;i g&#7885;i &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t t&#7915; kh&#225;c thay th&#7871;, v&#224; nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; thay th&#7871; n&#224;y theo th&#7901;i gian c&#361;ng ch&#7883;u chung s&#7889; ph&#7853;n. <strong>Ph&#7849;m h&#7841;nh c&#7911;a ng&#244;n t&#7915; c&#7913; th&#7871; b&#7883; h&#7841; gi&#225; cho &#273;&#7871;n khi m&#7845;t h&#7859;n.</strong></p><p>Qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; th&#7911; ph&#7841;m duy nh&#7845;t. Trong c&#244;ng cu&#7897;c ph&#225; gi&#225; t&#7915; ng&#7919;, AI kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; n&#259;ng su&#7845;t h&#417;n m&#224; c&#242;n c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7903; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t: <strong>chuy&#234;n d&#249;ng m&#7929; t&#7915; &#273;&#7875; n&#243;i th&#7853;t nhi&#7873;u khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; &#273;&#7875; n&#243;i.</strong> Ch&#7881; t&#7915; m&#7897;t c&#226;u m&#7903; &#273;&#7847;u, AI c&#243; th&#7875; cho ra c&#7843; m&#7897;t &#273;o&#7841;n v&#259;n to&#224;n c&#225;m l&#7907;n, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;u th&#224;nh b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; r&#7845;t hay, r&#7845;t nu&#7897;t. C&#225;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c r&#7901;n r&#7907;n khi &#273;&#7885;c v&#259;n c&#225;m l&#7907;n AI c&#243; l&#7869; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; s&#7921; &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p n&#224;y: &#273;&#7865;p nh&#432;ng v&#244; h&#7891;n. V&#259;n c&#225;m l&#7907;n c&#7911;a AI kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; sai, nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; &#273;&#250;ng. <strong>Nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; c&#243; ngh&#297;a g&#7897;p l&#7841;i th&#224;nh v&#244; ngh&#297;a</strong>, th&#7871; m&#7899;i hay.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>T&#7841;i sao vi&#7879;c n&#224;y l&#7841;i &#273;&#225;ng quan t&#226;m, ngay c&#7843; khi b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng hay vi&#7871;t l&#225;ch?</p></div><p>Ng&#244;n ng&#7919; l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng tr&#7909; c&#7897;t &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n khi h&#236;nh th&#224;nh x&#227; h&#7897;i. Ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t x&#226;y n&#234;n con ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#244;i c&#361;ng nhi&#7873;u nh&#432; l&#224; t&#244;i g&#243;p ph&#7847;n x&#226;y n&#234;n ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t, thay &#273;&#7893;i ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#361;ng l&#224;m thay &#273;&#7893;i t&#244;i. &#272;&#227; c&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i t&#237;nh c&#225;ch c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i hai th&#7913; ti&#7871;ng:</p><ul><li><p>C&#7903;i m&#7903; h&#417;n, t&#7921; ch&#7911; h&#417;n khi n&#243;i ti&#7871;ng Anh so v&#7899;i ti&#7871;ng T&#226;y Ban Nha (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656604000753?via%3Dihub">2006</a>)</p></li><li><p>C&#7903;i m&#7903; h&#417;n khi n&#243;i ti&#7871;ng Anh, h&#242;a &#273;&#7891;ng v&#224; ti&#7871;t ch&#7871; h&#417;n khi n&#243;i ti&#7871;ng Hoa (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47414939_Two_Languages_Two_Personalities_Examining_Language_Effects_on_the_Expression_of_Personality_in_a_Bilingual_Context">2010</a>)</p></li><li><p>C&#7903;i m&#7903; h&#417;n khi n&#243;i ti&#7871;ng Anh, nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m v&#224; t&#7921; gi&#225;m s&#225;t cao h&#417;n khi n&#243;i ti&#7871;ng H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397296007_The_Language_Effect_Investigating_the_Impact_of_Language_Switching_on_Personality_in_Korean-English_Bilinguals">2025</a>)</p></li></ul><p>Th&#250; v&#7883; h&#417;n n&#7919;a l&#224; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a ng&#244;n ng&#7919; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o l&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe:</p><ul><li><p>D&#249;ng t&#7915; ng&#7919; gi&#225;c quan gi&#250;p t&#259;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ch&#226;n th&#7853;t, &#273;&#225;ng tin c&#7911;a influencer (<a href="https://www.ebsco.com/articles/business-and-management/bd863c18-e0d9-5541-ad74-b466771f5219/how-sensory-language-shapes-influencer-s-impact">2023</a>)</p></li><li><p>D&#249;ng ti&#7871;ng l&#243;ng, t&#7915; v&#7921;ng quen thu&#7897;c v&#7899;i t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m c&#244;ng ch&#250;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#8216;xem qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o&#8217; sang ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#8216;k&#7871;t b&#7841;n&#8217; (<a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8872418/">2022</a>)</p></li><li><p>Ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i t&#7915; ng&#7919; gi&#225;c quan, t&#7915; ng&#7919; ph&#243;ng &#273;&#7841;i tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng t&#7841;m th&#7901;i t&#259;ng tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i lo &#226;u, c&#7843;m x&#250;c b&#7845;t &#7893;n (<a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10653346/">2022</a>)</p></li></ul><p>Tr&#234;n tinh th&#7847;n &#273;&#243;, t&#244;i t&#7921; h&#7887;i <strong>s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#224;m v&#224; ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t c&#7911;a qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o/influencer/AI s&#7869; khi&#7871;n ch&#250;ng ta thay &#273;&#7893;i nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong> T&#244;i ngh&#297; &#7903; m&#7913;c th&#7845;p nh&#7845;t, ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n v&#224; k&#7923; v&#7885;ng c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta v&#7873; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i: s&#7869; r&#7845;t kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c t&#244;i r&#7857;ng b&#7845;t k&#7923; th&#7913; g&#236; th&#7853;t s&#7921; l&#224; &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p.</p><p>D&#297; nhi&#234;n c&#225; nh&#226;n t&#244;i c&#242;n &#273;au &#273;&#225;u h&#417;n v&#7873; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y. B&#7903;i l&#7869; khi m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#225;nh m&#7845;t ni&#7873;m tin v&#224;o ng&#244;n t&#7915;, e r&#7857;ng h&#7885; ch&#7881; c&#242;n l&#7841;i c&#225;i n&#7883;t.</p><p>N&#259;m 1966, th&#7911; t&#432;&#7899;ng Ph&#7841;m V&#259;n &#272;&#7891;ng ph&#225;t &#273;&#7897;ng chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch <strong>&#8220;Gi&#7919; g&#236;n s&#7921; trong s&#225;ng c&#7911;a ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t&#8221;</strong>. Th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#243; ch&#7911; tr&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch l&#224; th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y vi&#7871;t &#273;&#250;ng ch&#237;nh t&#7843;, tr&#225;nh l&#7841;m d&#7909;ng t&#7915; l&#243;ng, t&#7915; ngo&#7841;i lai kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a>. Nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a ng&#244;n ng&#7919; m&#7841;ng th&#7853;p ni&#234;n 2000, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta hay d&#7851;n l&#7841;i c&#226;u n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; ph&#234; b&#236;nh teen code, t&#244;i v&#7851;n nh&#7899; v&#236; l&#250;c &#273;&#243; t&#244;i t&#7915;ng ngh&#297; h&#227;y &#273;&#7875; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#249;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i, &#273;&#7915;ng c&#7913;ng nh&#7855;c qu&#225;. Gi&#7901; t&#244;i m&#7899;i th&#7845;y &#273;&#244;i khi c&#7913;ng t&#237; c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. </p><p>T&#7915; h&#244;m nay, Vi&#7879;t Nam b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#225;p d&#7909;ng lu&#7853;t qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o mu&#7889;n d&#249;ng t&#7915; &#8220;nh&#7845;t&#8221;, &#8220;t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t&#8221;, &#8220;s&#7889; m&#7897;t&#8221; hay t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; ph&#7843;i c&#243; t&#224;i li&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng minh, &#226;u c&#361;ng l&#224;.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>When I searched the phrase &#8216;<em>campaign to preserve the purity of the Vietnamese language</em>&#8217; to write this piece, Google suggested &#8216;<em>customer retention campaign</em>&#8217;. I could not make this stuff up.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Khi t&#244;i t&#236;m t&#7915; kh&#243;a &#8220;<em>Chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch gi&#7919; g&#236;n s&#7921; trong s&#225;ng c&#7911;a ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t</em>&#8221; &#273;&#7875; vi&#7871;t b&#224;i n&#224;y th&#236; Google &#273;&#227; g&#7907;i &#253; cho t&#244;i &#8220;<em>Chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</em>&#8221;. Chuy&#7879;n kh&#244;i h&#224;i th&#7871; n&#224;y t&#244;i kh&#244;ng th&#7875; t&#7921; b&#7883;a ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Being Vietnamese]]></title><description><![CDATA[To love in a foreign language and what it means to be Vietnamese (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/being-vietnamese</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/being-vietnamese</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 27 Jun 2026 10:15:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/caf2faad-0611-4ee9-b9e9-37a57eb434cf_1520x858.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Couples where each person has a different mother tongue, and communicate with each other in a third common language, have always impressed me. I used to think I could never do what they do. Communicating in any real sense is hard enough sometimes in Vietnamese. But of course, fate would put me in exactly such a relationship.</p><p>My partner Sarv is Indian. This means that when we speak,<strong> the two of us meet on a bridge stretched between Hindi and Vietnamese,</strong> <strong>and that bridge is built from the humble bricks of English</strong>. I don&#8217;t think English is an exceptionally sophisticated language, not only when compared with Vietnamese or Chinese, but also beside other Germanic, Sinitic, Semitic, or Indo-Iranian languages. The minimalism of English makes it easy to learn and easy to use. But to nourish the soul, or harder still, to build a bridge from one soul to another, English does not quite do it for me.</p><p>I am of course extremely biased. To say I&#8217;m fluent in Vietnamese is an understatement, I&#8217;d like to think I&#8217;m rather gifted with it. In my hands, Vietnamese is a collection of sharp instruments, ones I can freely wave around to draw the exact pictures I have in mind. It&#8217;s such a reliable toolbox. I only need to open it and the right word, the right phrase, will always be there. I never have to search. Meanwhile, no matter how good my English is, the nuts and bolts from that box seem to grow legs and wander off every two sentences. <strong>I am forever chasing after them.</strong></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Loving someone in a foreign language, I have slowly begun to notice its unexpected advantages. Because we have to think a little more carefully before we speak, we&#8217;re less likely to say the wrong thing during arguments. I have learned to lay out my thoughts clearly, to articulate, <strong>no longer hiding behind the convenient suppleness of Vietnamese</strong>. We make sounder decisions together, less overrun by emotion, as <a href="https://news.uchicago.edu/story/using-foreign-language-changes-moral-decisions">this study</a> has shown. Between Sarv and I, there&#8217;s a new kind of understanding that exists outside the borders of language. Sometimes it gives my endlessly yapping mouth a chance to rest, which is in its own way quite romantic.</p><p>But it turns out my wobbly English bridge also spans a river. Between two souls, there&#8217;s another gap harder to label than language: <strong>the Vietnamese experience</strong>.</p><p>Have you ever wondered: <strong>what makes a Vietnamese Vietnamese</strong>? How do you define the Vietnamese experience to someone else? Where would you even begin? Books, films? A bowl of ph&#7903; or b&#250;n b&#242;? Riding a motorbike, having an &#225;o d&#224;i made, wrapping a ch&#432;ng cake? These are the most basic Vietnamese templates, and they remain exactly that: <strong>templates</strong>. What about the trivial moments that quietly accumulate and build up a Vietnamese?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VdA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F094d73f7-6b17-4435-9518-0186a17ff0fe_2672x2008.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VdA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F094d73f7-6b17-4435-9518-0186a17ff0fe_2672x2008.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VdA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, 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sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VdA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F094d73f7-6b17-4435-9518-0186a17ff0fe_2672x2008.jpeg" width="1456" height="1094" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/094d73f7-6b17-4435-9518-0186a17ff0fe_2672x2008.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1094,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VdA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F094d73f7-6b17-4435-9518-0186a17ff0fe_2672x2008.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VdA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F094d73f7-6b17-4435-9518-0186a17ff0fe_2672x2008.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VdA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F094d73f7-6b17-4435-9518-0186a17ff0fe_2672x2008.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VdA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F094d73f7-6b17-4435-9518-0186a17ff0fe_2672x2008.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>In a Kindergarten</em>, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh (1959)</figcaption></figure></div><p>How do you describe to someone those sweltering Saigon summer afternoons, leaving school in a blue-and-white uniform, then dragging one another across to Chi L&#259;ng Park to eat those stale, dry triangular sponge cakes from a plastic bag? How do you tell someone about seeing two motorbikes bump into each other on the road, one of the bikes nothing but the bare bones of a classic purple Honda Dream, all its wires spilling out, and immediately the kickstands are down and the riders are throwing punches? How do you explain the fact that, when they were little, boys were sometimes dressed in shorts with a hole cut at the crotch so they could pee more easily, while also often having their penises touched and teased by adults, on that thin line between innocence and violation? How do you speak of the miracle of green eucalyptus oil? How do you defend the appeal of Kh&#225; B&#7843;nh?</p><p>All of this leads me to a larger question:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>What does it mean to be Vietnamese?</p></div><p>To clueless foreigners, being Vietnamese is reduced to the American War, what they call the Vietnam War. This was one of the impressions that, back when I was working at the Vietnam Tourism Board, our team had to build an entire strategy to overcome. Look around and you will see that a large majority of the text about Vietnam on the global stage are about the American War, or about lives bound to that war. I tried searching for books that met three fairly basic criteria:</p><ol><li><p>Written by a Vietnamese author, not an overseas Vietnamese or Vietnamese-origin author</p></li><li><p>Available in a good, high-quality English translation</p></li><li><p>Not about the war</p></li></ol><p>The results could be counted on one hand, and even then, I had to be generous with the second criterion<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>.</p><p>Growing up in Saigon in the 90s, my Vietnamese experience carried only a faint echo of the American War. The rest of it was made from other mundane things: meals in which meat was so precious that even now, whenever I am too full, I still know by heart the instruction to <em>&#8220;finish the meat, leave the broth&#8221;</em> from my parents; bars of Camay soap given as birthday presents; UPU letters that never won any prizes; my first time seeing the M&#7929; Thu&#7853;n suspension bridge; the magnificent centre-parted hair of anh Bo &#272;an Tr&#432;&#7901;ng; <em>The Ivory Comb</em> by Nguy&#7877;n Quang S&#225;ng and <em>The Ferryman of the &#272;&#224; River </em>by Nguy&#7877;n Tu&#226;n; the legendary Flappy Bird; the U23 Asian Cup final in Changzhou; the family-like relationships with neighbours as though they were the most natural thing in the world; Confucian values beginning to sway before a new generation; and so on. <strong>All of this has made a Vietnamese person of flesh and bone</strong>.</p><p>On the rickety English bridge, how am I supposed to describe this river?</p><p>There are times when I&#8217;d tell Sarv about some purely Vietnamese memory, like lying on a wooden platform bed for an afternoon nap while my grandmother fanned me gently, or the beauty of hanging floral velvet blankets out to dry on winter days in Hanoi. He&#8217;d say, oh, his childhood in India was exactly like that too: lying on a charpai, drying mink blankets with bright red roses on them. It&#8217;d leave me wonderfully stunned. The river narrows a little.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg" width="1125" height="1388" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/da84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1388,&quot;width&quot;:1125,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPGu!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda84ce65-19bf-4ca0-9187-cd2bfe939e02_1125x1388.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>The Betel Nut Seller</em>, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh (1931)</figcaption></figure></div><p>The truth is, having a river between two people isn&#8217;t so bad. Sarv and I share that river, a little of it his, a little of it mine, constantly surprising each other, keeping each other curious. I will always try to tell him about Vietnam, and he will always try to tell me about India. <strong>Tending to this river forces me to reflect on my own experience of being human</strong>, and of being Vietnamese, in a different way. I can no longer rely only on all the unspoken, unwritten contexts which I and other Vietnamese have always shared. <strong>I have to make them written</strong>. Both banks of the river grow more verdant because of this.</p><p>I think it is time&#8212;well past time, even&#8212;for the world to know more about the experience of being Vietnamese. More than the American War, more than origin stories of the Vietnamese diaspora, a Vietnamese life half-glimpsed through the memories of their parents. For a very long time now, Vietnam is no longer (never was) just a buffalo boy in the rice field, or a girl wearing an &#225;o d&#224;i and a conical hat. Long enough for an entire life, our lives. And our lives are much more colourful than that.</p><p>Tsk, to tell Vietnam to the world. What a grand mission, outrageously so. I wouldn&#8217;t know where to begin. Or perhaps, let&#8217;s just begin right here:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>What is being Vietnamese to you?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/being-vietnamese/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/being-vietnamese/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1><strong>Tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i (Vi&#7879;t)</strong></h1><p>Nh&#7919;ng c&#7863;p &#273;&#244;i y&#234;u nhau, nh&#7919;ng c&#7863;p v&#7907; ch&#7891;ng (hay ch&#7891;ng ch&#7891;ng hay v&#7907; v&#7907;) m&#224; &#7903; trong &#273;&#243; m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i m&#7897;t th&#7913; ti&#7871;ng m&#7865; &#273;&#7867; ri&#234;ng, v&#224; h&#7885; giao ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i nhau b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t ng&#244;n ng&#7919; th&#7913; ba, th&#432;&#7901;ng khi&#7871;n t&#244;i v&#244; c&#249;ng &#7845;n t&#432;&#7907;ng. T&#244;i v&#7889;n ngh&#297; m&#236;nh s&#7869; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#432; h&#7885;, giao ti&#7871;p &#273;&#250;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i nhau b&#7857;ng ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t &#273;&#244;i khi c&#242;n kh&#243; kh&#259;n c&#417; m&#224;. D&#297; nhi&#234;n l&#224; s&#7889; ph&#7853;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7863;t t&#244;i v&#224;o m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; y nh&#432; th&#7871;.</p><p>Sarv l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7844;n. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; khi n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n, <strong>hai ch&#250;ng t&#244;i g&#7863;p nhau tr&#234;n m&#7897;t c&#226;y c&#7847;u b&#7855;c ngang gi&#7919;a ti&#7871;ng Hindi v&#224; ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t, m&#224; c&#226;y c&#7847;u &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y b&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng vi&#234;n g&#7841;ch kh&#225; &#273;&#417;n s&#417; c&#7911;a ti&#7871;ng Anh.</strong> T&#244;i th&#7853;t s&#7921; ngh&#297; ti&#7871;ng Anh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#244;n ng&#7919; qu&#225; tinh x&#7843;o v&#224; c&#244;ng phu, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; so v&#7899;i ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t, ti&#7871;ng Hoa m&#224; c&#242;n so v&#7899;i c&#225;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; g&#7889;c German, g&#7889;c H&#225;n, hay g&#7889;c Semitic, g&#7889;c &#7844;n-Iran kh&#225;c. S&#7921; t&#7889;i gi&#7843;n c&#7911;a ti&#7871;ng Anh khi&#7871;n n&#243; r&#7845;t d&#7877; h&#7885;c, d&#7877; d&#249;ng, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7875; nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng t&#226;m h&#7891;n, hay th&#7853;m ch&#237; kh&#243; h&#417;n l&#224; x&#226;y m&#7897;t c&#226;y c&#7847;u n&#7889;i t&#226;m h&#7891;n n&#224;y v&#7899;i t&#226;m h&#7891;n kh&#225;c, th&#236; ti&#7871;ng Anh kh&#243; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho t&#244;i.</p><p>T&#7845;t nhi&#234;n t&#244;i kh&#244;ng c&#244;ng t&#226;m. T&#244;i ngh&#297; m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7885;c th&#244;ng vi&#7871;t th&#7841;o ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t m&#224; c&#242;n c&#243; t&#224;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ng&#244;n ng&#7919; n&#224;y. Trong tay t&#244;i, ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t th&#7853;t s&#7921; l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#7913; c&#244;ng c&#7909; s&#7855;c b&#233;n m&#224; t&#244;i t&#7921; do &#273;em m&#250;a m&#225;y, v&#7869; ra nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c tranh theo &#273;&#250;ng &#253; m&#236;nh. <strong>Ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t v&#7899;i t&#244;i l&#224; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c h&#7897;p &#273;&#225;ng tin c&#7853;y</strong>, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n t&#244;i m&#7903; ra s&#7869; lu&#244;n c&#243; &#273;&#250;ng t&#7915; &#7845;y, ng&#7919; &#7845;y, kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; ph&#7843;i &#273;i t&#236;m. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, t&#244;i d&#249; gi&#7887;i ti&#7871;ng Anh &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u, nh&#7919;ng chi&#7871;c c&#7901; l&#234; m&#7887; l&#7871;t b&#234;n trong c&#225;i h&#7897;p ti&#7871;ng Anh c&#7913; nh&#432; m&#7885;c ch&#226;n &#273;i lang thang, t&#244;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;u&#7893;i theo m&#7899;i mong n&#7855;m b&#7855;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Y&#234;u m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i ngo&#7841;i ng&#7919;, t&#244;i c&#361;ng d&#7847;n nh&#7853;n ra nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i th&#7871; kh&#244;ng ng&#7901; t&#7899;i. V&#236; ph&#7843;i suy ngh&#297; ch&#7853;m h&#417;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi n&#243;i, n&#234;n c&#7843; hai ch&#250;ng t&#244;i &#237;t l&#7905; mi&#7879;ng trong nh&#7919;ng cu&#7897;c c&#227;i v&#227;. T&#244;i h&#7885;c c&#225;ch tr&#236;nh b&#224;y suy ngh&#297; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh r&#245; r&#224;ng, <strong>kh&#244;ng n&#250;p sau s&#7921; uy&#7875;n chuy&#7875;n ti&#7879;n l&#7907;i c&#7911;a ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t n&#7919;a</strong>, v&#224; c&#7843; hai c&#243; nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chung s&#225;ng su&#7889;t h&#417;n, tr&#225;nh b&#7883; c&#7843;m x&#250;c l&#7845;n &#225;t (nh&#432; <a href="https://news.uchicago.edu/story/using-foreign-language-changes-moral-decisions">nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y</a> &#273;&#227; ch&#7913;ng minh). Gi&#7919;a Sarv v&#224; t&#244;i h&#236;nh th&#224;nh m&#7897;t s&#7921; th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u kh&#225;c ngo&#224;i ranh gi&#7899;i c&#7911;a ng&#244;n ng&#7919;, &#273;&#244;i khi cho c&#225;i mi&#7879;ng su&#7889;t ng&#224;y l&#233;p ch&#233;p c&#7911;a t&#244;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7883;p ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i, c&#361;ng kh&#225; l&#227;ng m&#7841;n.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng h&#243;a ra, c&#226;y c&#7847;u ti&#7871;ng Anh h&#7841;n h&#7865;p c&#7911;a t&#244;i c&#242;n b&#7855;c qua m&#7897;t d&#242;ng s&#244;ng. Gi&#7919;a hai t&#226;m h&#7891;n c&#242;n m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch kh&#243; g&#7885;i t&#234;n h&#417;n ng&#244;n ng&#7919;: <strong>tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t.</strong></p><p>B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; bao gi&#7901; ngh&#297;: <strong>&#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; t&#7841;o n&#234;n s&#7921; Vi&#7879;t Nam trong m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t Nam?</strong> L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch cho ai &#273;&#243; hi&#7875;u tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t? B&#7841;n s&#7869; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u? S&#225;ch, phim? &#258;n ph&#7903;, &#259;n b&#250;n b&#242;? &#272;i xe m&#225;y, may &#225;o d&#224;i, g&#243;i b&#225;nh ch&#432;ng? &#272;&#7845;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng khu&#244;n m&#7851;u Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#417; b&#7843;n nh&#7845;t, v&#224; ch&#250;ng ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng &#7903; &#273;&#250;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7845;y: <strong>khu&#244;n m&#7851;u</strong>. V&#7853;y c&#242;n nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c r&#7845;t nh&#7887; &#273;&#227; b&#7891;i &#273;&#7855;p n&#234;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg" width="1456" height="1008" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1008,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lez7!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d93a644-0b4b-4948-91ce-13368cf4b02b_2598x1798.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>L&#7899;p m&#7851;u gi&#225;o</em>, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh (1964)</figcaption></figure></div><p>L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; t&#7843; l&#7841;i cho ai &#273;&#243; v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng bu&#7893;i tr&#432;a h&#232; S&#224;i G&#242;n n&#243;ng n&#7921;c, tan tr&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7845;p hai trong b&#7897; &#273;&#7891;ng ph&#7909;c m&#224;u xanh tr&#7855;ng, r&#7911; nhau qua c&#244;ng vi&#234;n Chi L&#259;ng &#259;n m&#7897;t b&#7883;ch b&#225;nh b&#244;ng lan tam gi&#225;c kh&#244; queo g&#243;i trong t&#250;i b&#243;ng? L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; k&#7875; l&#7841;i cho ai &#273;&#243; nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n hai &#244;ng xe m&#225;y &#273;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng qu&#7865;t nhau, m&#224; m&#7897;t trong hai c&#225;i xe n&#243; ch&#7881; c&#242;n b&#7897; x&#432;&#417;ng kh&#244;ng c&#7911;a chi&#7871;c Honda Dream &#273;&#7847;u vu&#244;ng m&#224;u t&#237;m, d&#226;y nh&#7907; l&#242;i h&#7871;t ra ngo&#224;i, ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c g&#7841;t ch&#226;n tr&#7889;ng xu&#7889;ng xe b&#7909;p nhau lu&#244;n? L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch vi&#7879;c m&#7845;y th&#7857;ng tr&#7867; con h&#7891;i b&#233; s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho m&#7863;c qu&#7847;n c&#7855;t l&#7895; l&#242;i chim &#273;&#7875; &#273;i &#273;&#225;i cho ti&#7879;n, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i r&#7845;t hay b&#7883; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n s&#7901; chim tr&#234;u &#7903; m&#7897;t ranh gi&#7899;i m&#7887;ng manh gi&#7919;a s&#7921; trong s&#225;ng v&#224; x&#226;m h&#7841;i? L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; n&#243;i v&#7873; s&#7921; nhi&#7879;m m&#224;u c&#7911;a d&#7847;u gi&#243; xanh? L&#224;m sao bi&#7879;n h&#7897; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho s&#7913;c h&#250;t c&#7911;a Kh&#225; B&#7843;nh?</p><p>T&#7845;t c&#7843; l&#7841;i khi&#7871;n t&#244;i ngh&#297; v&#7873; m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i l&#7899;n h&#417;n:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>V&#7853;y l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t ngh&#297;a l&#224; g&#236;?</p></div><p>Trong m&#7855;t ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#224;i, tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m Vi&#7879;t Nam g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i chi&#7871;n tranh ch&#7889;ng M&#7929; (m&#224; h&#7885; g&#7885;i l&#224; chi&#7871;n tranh Vi&#7879;t Nam). &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7889;t l&#245;i m&#224; th&#7901;i c&#242;n l&#224;m &#7903; H&#7897;i &#273;&#7891;ng T&#432; v&#7845;n Du l&#7883;ch Vi&#7879;t Nam, t&#244;i v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#227; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#7843; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua. Nh&#236;n quanh v&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n (r&#7845;t, r&#7845;t l&#7899;n) c&#225;c v&#259;n b&#7843;n, t&#225;c ph&#7849;m v&#7873; Vi&#7879;t Nam tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng qu&#7889;c t&#7871; l&#224; v&#7873; chi&#7871;n tranh ch&#7889;ng M&#7929; ho&#7863;c c&#225;c tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i cu&#7897;c chi&#7871;n n&#224;y. T&#244;i &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng t&#236;m ki&#7871;m c&#225;c t&#225;c ph&#7849;m v&#7899;i ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; kh&#225; c&#417; b&#7843;n:</p><ol><li><p>Vi&#7871;t b&#7903;i t&#225;c gi&#7843; Vi&#7879;t Nam, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#225;c gi&#7843; Vi&#7879;t ki&#7873;u hay g&#7889;c Vi&#7879;t</p></li><li><p>C&#243; b&#7843;n d&#7883;ch ti&#7871;ng Anh hay, ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7889;t</p></li><li><p>Kh&#244;ng vi&#7871;t v&#7873; chi&#7871;n tranh </p></li></ol><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7871;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#234;n m&#7897;t b&#224;n tay, v&#224; th&#7853;m ch&#237; khi &#273;&#243; t&#244;i ph&#7843;i du di ti&#234;u ch&#237; s&#7889; hai<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a>.</p><p>L&#7899;n l&#234;n &#7903; S&#224;i G&#242;n nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 90, tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t c&#7911;a t&#244;i ch&#7881; ch&#7899;m c&#243; d&#432; &#226;m c&#7911;a cu&#7897;c chi&#7871;n ch&#7889;ng M&#7929;. Ph&#7847;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o n&#234;n b&#7903;i: nh&#7919;ng b&#7919;a c&#417;m qu&#253; th&#7883;t &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i b&#226;y gi&#7901; m&#7895;i khi qu&#225; no, t&#244;i v&#7851;n n&#7857;m l&#242;ng c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#8220;&#259;n h&#7871;t th&#7883;t &#273;i, b&#7887; n&#432;&#7899;c l&#7841;i&#8221; c&#7911;a b&#7889; m&#7865;, nh&#7919;ng c&#7909;c x&#224; b&#244;ng Camay l&#224;m qu&#224; sinh nh&#7853;t, nh&#7919;ng l&#225; th&#432; UPU kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; &#273;o&#7841;t gi&#7843;i, l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n th&#7845;y c&#226;y c&#7847;u treo M&#7929; Thu&#7853;n, m&#225;i t&#243;c b&#7893; lu&#7889;ng th&#7847;n s&#7847;u c&#7911;a anh Bo &#272;an Tr&#432;&#7901;ng, nh&#7919;ng <em>Chi&#7871;c L&#432;&#7907;c Ng&#224;</em> c&#7911;a Nguy&#7877;n Quang S&#225;ng hay <em>Ng&#432;&#7901;i L&#225;i &#272;&#242; S&#244;ng &#272;&#224;</em> c&#7911;a Nguy&#7877;n Tu&#226;n, huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i Flappy Bird, tr&#7853;n chung k&#7871;t U23 ch&#226;u &#193; &#7903; Th&#432;&#7901;ng Ch&#226;u, s&#7921; gi&#250;p &#273;&#7905; v&#224; th&#226;n quen c&#7911;a h&#224;ng x&#243;m l&#225;ng gi&#7873;ng nh&#432; th&#7875; &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u d&#297; nhi&#234;n, nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; Nho gi&#225;o lung lay tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t th&#7871; h&#7879; m&#7899;i, v&#226;n v&#226;n v&#224; v&#226;n v&#226;n. <strong>T&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o n&#234;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t b&#7857;ng x&#432;&#417;ng b&#7857;ng th&#7883;t.</strong></p><p>Tr&#234;n c&#226;y c&#7847;u ti&#7871;ng Anh &#7885;p &#7865;p &#273;&#243;, t&#244;i s&#7869; t&#7843; l&#7841;i d&#242;ng s&#244;ng n&#224;y nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</p><p>C&#243; nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n, t&#244;i k&#7875; v&#7899;i Sarv v&#7873; m&#7897;t k&#7927; ni&#7879;m thu&#7847;n Vi&#7879;t n&#224;o &#273;&#243;, nh&#432; l&#224; n&#7857;m tr&#234;n ph&#7843;n g&#7895; ng&#7911; tr&#432;a v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#224; t&#244;i phe ph&#7849;y qu&#7841;t, hay v&#7867; &#273;&#7865;p c&#7911;a ph&#417;i ch&#259;n nhung hoa trong nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y m&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng H&#224; N&#7897;i. Anh s&#7869; &#273;&#225;p l&#7841;i r&#7857;ng &#7891; tu&#7893;i th&#417; c&#7911;a anh &#7903; &#7844;n c&#361;ng y nh&#432; th&#7871;, c&#361;ng n&#7857;m tr&#234;n charpai, c&#361;ng ph&#417;i ch&#259;n mink hoa h&#7891;ng &#273;&#7887; r&#7921;c, th&#7853;t s&#7921; khi&#7871;n t&#244;i m&#7855;t tr&#242;n xoe, kinh ng&#7841;c tuy&#7879;t v&#7901;i. D&#242;ng s&#244;ng s&#7869; h&#7865;p l&#7841;i m&#7897;t ch&#250;t.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg" width="1456" height="1064" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1064,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOkS!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43d219b6-238e-4849-b710-0b0ef2e8dbcd_3200x2339.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Ch&#417;i &#244; &#259;n quan</em>, Nguy&#7877;n Phan Ch&#225;nh (1931)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Th&#7853;t ra c&#243; m&#7897;t d&#242;ng s&#244;ng gi&#7919;a hai ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#361;ng hay. T&#244;i v&#224; Sarv chia s&#7867; d&#242;ng s&#244;ng &#273;&#243;, c&#243; m&#7897;t ch&#250;t c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng anh v&#224; m&#7897;t ch&#250;t c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng t&#244;i, kh&#244;ng ng&#7915;ng khi&#7871;n cho nhau ng&#7841;c nhi&#234;n, t&#242; m&#242;. T&#244;i s&#7869; lu&#244;n t&#236;m c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; k&#7875; v&#7873; Vi&#7879;t Nam cho anh, v&#224; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i anh c&#361;ng v&#7853;y, lu&#244;n t&#236;m c&#225;ch k&#7875; v&#7873; &#7844;n &#272;&#7897; cho t&#244;i. <strong>Vi&#7879;c nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng d&#242;ng s&#244;ng khi&#7871;n t&#244;i ph&#7843;i nh&#236;n l&#7841;i tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong> (v&#224; l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t) c&#7911;a m&#236;nh m&#7897;t c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n ch&#7881; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng ng&#7919; c&#7843;nh ng&#7847;m hi&#7875;u, b&#7845;t th&#224;nh v&#259;n. <strong>T&#244;i ph&#7843;i th&#224;nh v&#259;n</strong>. Nh&#7901; &#273;&#243; m&#224; hai b&#234;n b&#7901; s&#244;ng c&#224;ng th&#234;m s&#7889;ng &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><p>T&#244;i ngh&#297; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c (th&#7853;m ch&#237; qu&#225; l&#250;c) th&#7871; gi&#7899;i c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;t nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#7873; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t, h&#417;n chi&#7871;n tranh ch&#7889;ng M&#7929;, h&#417;n nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n v&#7873; ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t &#7903; n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#224;i&#8212;m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t Nam &#7849;n hi&#7879;n qua l&#7901;i k&#7875; c&#7911;a cha m&#7865; h&#7885;. &#272;&#227; t&#7915; r&#7845;t l&#226;u r&#7891;i, Vi&#7879;t Nam kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; ch&#250; b&#233; ch&#259;n tr&#226;u gi&#7919;a &#273;&#7891;ng l&#250;a hay c&#244; g&#225;i m&#7863;c &#225;o d&#224;i &#273;&#7897;i n&#243;n l&#225; n&#7919;a, &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u cho c&#7843; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7901;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. Cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta nhi&#7873;u m&#224;u s&#7855;c h&#417;n th&#7871;.</p><p>&#212;i chu choa, k&#7875; l&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam cho th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, m&#7897;t s&#7913; m&#7879;nh qu&#225; &#432; l&#224; to t&#225;t. T&#244;i kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u n&#7919;a, hay t&#7915; &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#7841;i &#273;i:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; g&#236;?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/being-vietnamese/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/being-vietnamese/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p></p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>The search is still on. Please drop your recommendations below!</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>T&#244;i v&#7851;n &#273;ang ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c t&#236;m ki&#7871;m, nh&#7901; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u th&#234;m nh&#233;!</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Heat and Light]]></title><description><![CDATA[The summers I grew up with and the summers I'm living through (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/heat-and-light</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/heat-and-light</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 09:39:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ae73fbf0-7e8a-4ea2-bc46-af1b25283c55_1654x934.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><strong>1. Light</strong></h2><p>My new apartment has a west-facing balcony. I had always thought people avoided west-facing balconies, because everyone complained about the sun, the heat. Morning sun is easy to love; afternoon sun is often treated like a nuisance. Mention a west-side balcony on apartment hunts and people wince. But the other day when Huy&#7873;n came over, she told me plenty of people are obsessed with west-facing balconies, actually, because the sunsets are beautiful. I guess this makes sense, sunsets are always more accessible than sunrises. To watch a sunset, you need no discipline, no great force of will. Buying plants and flowers for a west-facing balcony is also simpler. You just ask the shop owner: what can survive the most brutal, blinding sun? One of my favourite flowers is bougainvillea, a flower that not only tolerates west-facing sun but runs wildly riot under it, bursting open because of that very light. So the first plant I brought home was, naturally, a bougainvillea. (Only for me to under-water her so badly that she shedded all her leaves within a week.)</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E0rX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ed524c6-a193-49f1-ac4b-50ad5dfc6ac3_2000x1361.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E0rX!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ed524c6-a193-49f1-ac4b-50ad5dfc6ac3_2000x1361.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E0rX!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ed524c6-a193-49f1-ac4b-50ad5dfc6ac3_2000x1361.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E0rX!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ed524c6-a193-49f1-ac4b-50ad5dfc6ac3_2000x1361.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E0rX!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ed524c6-a193-49f1-ac4b-50ad5dfc6ac3_2000x1361.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E0rX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ed524c6-a193-49f1-ac4b-50ad5dfc6ac3_2000x1361.jpeg" width="2000" height="1361" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ed524c6-a193-49f1-ac4b-50ad5dfc6ac3_2000x1361.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1361,&quot;width&quot;:2000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1030719,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E0rX!, 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/__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ed524c6-a193-49f1-ac4b-50ad5dfc6ac3_2000x1361.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E0rX!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ed524c6-a193-49f1-ac4b-50ad5dfc6ac3_2000x1361.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Liliums</em>, V&#361; Cao &#272;&#224;m (1941)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Now my balcony is largely blocked by the building opposite, so when sunset falls, I can only see a corner of the sky. This summer time of year, Saigon sunsets often flush pink or a moment, then start melting into bright bands of orange, purple, and blue. Every day, just as the light begins to dim, the building across from mine switches on a row of lights, casting thin yellow beams through the balcony bars and onto my wall, right where I have hung the two paintings &#272;&#259;ng gave me. Golden light mixes with the violet-orange of the late afternoon sun, illuminating a small stage for the artworks. When I hung those two paintings up, I never could have guessed the weather gods would be quite so generous to them. On long Sunday evenings at home, I light some candles, making the paintings look even more luminous.</p><p>Being so comfortable at home has shrouded me in laziness, not just about going outside, but about moving forward in life. What is there to strive harder for, when waking up each morning to a few new bougainvillea leaves is already enough to make me happy? I am always like this: when I am working, I want to rest, yet when I am resting, I want to work&#8212;such a thorn in my own side. And so I try to write, just to feel that I am still moving.</p><h2><strong>2. Heat</strong></h2><p>Alice asked me why August would be a bad time to visit Hanoi, I told her it would be hot, just horribly scorching, Hanoi in the summer is the absolute worst. Last year, I went to Europe during its hottest summer on record. Lucky for me, I did Paris up toward Berlin, Prague, Vienna, and Budapest, so it was not as infernal as Athens or Rome. It is quite ironic that the idea of an &#8216;European summer&#8217; has lately made its very poetic return to popular culture in the vein of <em>Call Me by Your Name</em>, <em>Before Sunrise</em>, or <em>Under the Tuscan Sun</em>. But the European summer of 2025 is a series of ovens where nobody gets to wear layers. Where, then, are we supposed to find these scenes of beautiful people&#8212;flawlessly dressed, immaculate hair in their face, free of sweat&#8212;drinking wine, laughing softly beneath the trees? Please. All we have are heatstrokes.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Heat has become a real factor in how I plan my trips. Next to the &#8216;European summer&#8217;, we also have the &#8216;Hanoi summer&#8217;, its own unbearable kind of poetry. Since leaving Hanoi, I have avoided summer there as though the weather itself could make me sick. It does, in fact, make me sick. Heat now is much more vicious and grotesque than it used to be. As a child, I often spent summer in Hanoi, chasing other children around the neighbourhood all through the midday sun, drenched in sweat, of course. But no heat seemed capable of defeating the spirit of a child&#8212;not even a properly fat one. Now, just a walk from the house to the sticky rice stall is enough to make me no longer want sticky rice. The heat slowly burns through metal door handles, drapes a heavy, suffocating weight over trees standing still as statues. And if, on the rare occasion, those trees begin to sway, do not be so quick to rejoice. That is the Foehn wind. Only fools get their hopes up.</p><p>Saigon people used to rarely check the weather forecast. We did not measure temperature in numbers, we got by with vague concepts like &#8216;kind of cool&#8217; or &#8216;kind of hot&#8217;. Weather was never a subject worth much attention, never something people had to bring up or think about, for this is the blessing of gentle climates. But that was the old Saigon. I have never heard people around me complain about the heat as much as they have this summer, during a heatwave unlike anything Saigon has ever seen. Last week I told Th&#7855;ng, a born-and-bred Saigonese, that I was going to Almaty in August. He immediately asked:</p><blockquote><p><em>Will it be too hot then?</em></p></blockquote><p>How sad, I thought as I was fanning myself. </p><h2><strong>3. Heat and light</strong></h2><p>Alas, there is no light without heat. To separate heat from light is like separating the artist from the art. The rotten, wretched souls keep creating work that move ours, what are we to do?</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/heat-and-light?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/heat-and-light?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1><strong>N&#7855;ng v&#224; n&#243;ng</strong></h1><h2><strong>1. N&#7855;ng</strong></h2><p>Nh&#224; m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i c&#243; ban c&#244;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng T&#226;y. X&#432;a nay t&#244;i t&#432;&#7903;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ta v&#7851;n tr&#225;nh ban c&#244;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng T&#226;y, v&#236; hay ch&#234; n&#7855;ng n&#243;ng. N&#7855;ng s&#225;ng th&#236; ai c&#361;ng th&#237;ch nh&#432;ng n&#7855;ng chi&#7873;u th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; h&#7855;t h&#7911;i. &#272;i xem thu&#234; nh&#224; m&#224; c&#7913; nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n ban c&#244;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng T&#226;y l&#224; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#259;n m&#7863;t. Nh&#432;ng h&#244;m tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7871;n nh&#224; t&#244;i, Huy&#7873;n m&#7899;i b&#7843;o c&#361;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#234; nh&#224; ban c&#244;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng T&#226;y l&#7855;m &#273;&#7845;y nh&#233;, v&#236; c&#243; ho&#224;ng h&#244;n r&#7845;t &#273;&#7865;p. Ngh&#297; c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i, v&#236; ho&#224;ng h&#244;n th&#236; lu&#244;n d&#7877; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n h&#417;n b&#236;nh minh, &#273;&#7875; ng&#7855;m ho&#224;ng h&#244;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ta kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t th&#7913; k&#7927; lu&#7853;t hay s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh &#253; ch&#237; n&#224;o. Mua c&#226;y mua hoa tr&#7891;ng tr&#234;n ban c&#244;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng T&#226;y c&#361;ng d&#7877; h&#417;n, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n h&#7887;i ch&#7911; qu&#225;n c&#226;y: lo&#7841;i n&#224;o ch&#7883;u n&#7855;ng kh&#7911;ng khi&#7871;p ch&#243;i chang nh&#7845;t? M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng lo&#224;i hoa t&#244;i th&#237;ch nh&#7845;t l&#224; hoa gi&#7845;y, th&#7913; hoa kh&#244;ng nh&#7919;ng ch&#7883;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7855;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng T&#226;y m&#224; c&#242;n tr&#224;n lan v&#224; t&#432;ng b&#7915;ng nh&#7901; th&#7913; &#225;nh s&#225;ng &#273;&#243;. Th&#7871; n&#234;n ch&#7853;u c&#226;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n t&#244;i &#273;em v&#7873; d&#297; nhi&#234;n l&#224; m&#7897;t ch&#7853;u hoa gi&#7845;y (ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; sau &#273;&#243; t&#432;&#7899;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; n&#432;&#7899;c khi&#7871;n c&#244; ta r&#7909;ng h&#7871;t l&#225; trong m&#7897;t tu&#7847;n).</p><p>Ban c&#244;ng nh&#224; t&#244;i b&#7883; t&#242;a &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n ch&#7855;n m&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ph&#7847;n, n&#234;n t&#7847;m ho&#224;ng h&#244;n bu&#244;ng l&#224; ch&#7881; th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t g&#243;c b&#7847;u tr&#7901;i. M&#249;a n&#224;y ho&#224;ng h&#244;n S&#224;i G&#242;n hay &#7917;ng h&#7891;ng l&#234;n m&#7897;t t&#237;, r&#7891;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u chuy&#7875;n sang nh&#7919;ng &#225;ng m&#224;u cam, t&#237;m, xanh r&#7845;t r&#7921;c r&#7905;. H&#224;ng ng&#224;y v&#224;o kho&#7843;ng tr&#7901;i v&#7915;a t&#7855;t n&#7855;ng x&#226;m x&#7849;m, t&#242;a nh&#224; &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n ch&#7895; t&#244;i c&#242;n b&#7853;t m&#7897;t d&#227;y &#273;&#232;n, h&#7855;t nh&#7919;ng tia v&#224;ng xen k&#7869; qua ch&#7845;n song ban c&#244;ng l&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#224; t&#244;i ngay ch&#7895; treo hai b&#7913;c tranh c&#7911;a &#272;&#259;ng t&#7863;ng, l&#7851;n v&#224;o &#225;nh n&#7855;ng t&#237;m cam cu&#7889;i ng&#224;y, soi s&#225;ng m&#7897;t s&#226;n kh&#7845;u nh&#7887; cho ch&#250;ng m&#7895;i khi ho&#224;ng h&#244;n bu&#244;ng. L&#250;c treo hai b&#7913;c n&#224;y l&#234;n t&#244;i c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ngh&#297; ch&#250;ng s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#244;ng tr&#7901;i &#432;u &#225;i &#273;&#7871;n v&#7853;y. Nh&#7919;ng h&#244;m &#7903; nh&#224; l&#226;u t&#244;i s&#7869; &#273;&#7889;t c&#7843; n&#7871;n, c&#224;ng khi&#7871;n ch&#250;ng tr&#244;ng lung linh v&#244; c&#249;ng.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>&#7902; nh&#224; s&#432;&#7899;ng qu&#225; n&#234;n t&#244;i b&#7883; l&#432;&#7901;i, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; l&#432;&#7901;i ra &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng m&#224; c&#242;n l&#432;&#7901;i ti&#7871;n l&#234;n trong cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng. Sao ph&#7843;i n&#7895; l&#7921;c h&#417;n khi m&#224; m&#7895;i s&#225;ng th&#7913;c d&#7853;y nh&#236;n c&#226;y hoa gi&#7845;y m&#7885;c th&#234;m l&#225; &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y vui r&#7891;i nh&#7881;? T&#244;i hay th&#7871;, l&#250;c l&#224;m th&#236; mu&#7889;n ngh&#7881; m&#224; l&#250;c ngh&#7881; th&#236; mu&#7889;n l&#224;m, r&#7845;t phi&#7873;n ph&#7913;c. Cho n&#234;n t&#244;i c&#7889; g&#7855;ng vi&#7871;t l&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#236;nh v&#7851;n &#273;ang chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><h2><strong>2. N&#243;ng</strong></h2><p>H&#244;m tr&#432;&#7899;c Alice h&#7887;i t&#244;i sao th&#225;ng T&#225;m kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ra H&#224; N&#7897;i ch&#417;i h&#7843;, t&#244;i m&#7899;i b&#7843;o n&#243;ng l&#7855;m, n&#243;ng kinh l&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, tao gh&#233;t H&#224; N&#7897;i m&#249;a h&#232;. N&#259;m ngo&#225;i t&#244;i &#273;i ch&#226;u &#194;u v&#224;o m&#249;a h&#232; n&#243;ng nh&#7845;t l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, r&#7845;t may l&#224; t&#244;i &#273;i t&#7915; Paris l&#234;n ph&#237;a Berlin, Prague, Vienna, r&#7891;i Budapest, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i n&#243;ng &#273;&#7893; l&#7917;a nh&#432; Athens hay Rome. Kh&#225; m&#7881;a mai l&#224; g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y t&#244;i ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n s&#7921; quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i c&#7911;a kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m &#8216;European summer&#8217; r&#7845;t th&#417; trong v&#259;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7841;i ch&#250;ng, ki&#7875;u <em>Call Me by your Name</em>, ki&#7875;u <em>Before Sunrise</em>, ki&#7875;u <em>Under the Tuscan Sun</em>. Nh&#432;ng European summer c&#7911;a 2025 l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i l&#242; n&#432;&#7899;ng kh&#244;ng cho ai m&#7863;c layer, th&#7871; th&#236; l&#7845;y &#273;&#226;u ra c&#7843;nh t&#243;c d&#224;i th&#245;a th&#432;&#7907;t ng&#7891;i u&#7889;ng vang d&#432;&#7899;i b&#243;ng c&#226;y trong v&#432;&#7901;n hi hi ha ha? C&#243; m&#224; n&#243;ng ch&#7871;t.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg" width="1456" height="1200" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1200,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1maA!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6417bc5-d2d8-4e8a-a99a-72eccc7d8d7b_3200x2638.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>T&#7855;m ti&#234;n</em>, V&#361; Cao &#272;&#224;m (1944)</figcaption></figure></div><p>C&#225;i n&#243;ng th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#273;&#227; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; trong vi&#7879;c l&#234;n k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch cho nh&#7919;ng chuy&#7871;n &#273;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh European summer, ch&#250;ng ta c&#242;n c&#243; Hanoi summer, m&#7897;t ki&#7875;u th&#417; kh&#244;ng ai ng&#7845;m n&#7893;i. T&#7915; l&#250;c r&#7901;i H&#224; N&#7897;i t&#244;i &#273;&#227; tr&#225;nh m&#249;a h&#232; &#7903; &#273;&#243; nh&#432; th&#7875; th&#7913; th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t &#7845;y c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n t&#244;i ph&#225;t b&#7879;nh. (N&#243; th&#7853;t s&#7921; khi&#7871;n t&#244;i ph&#225;t b&#7879;nh.) N&#243;ng b&#226;y gi&#7901; qu&#225;i &#225;c v&#224; gh&#234; t&#7903;m h&#417;n x&#432;a r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u. Ng&#224;y b&#233; t&#244;i th&#432;&#7901;ng ra H&#224; N&#7897;i ch&#417;i m&#249;a h&#232;, ch&#7841;y &#273;u&#7893;i nhau quanh khu ph&#7889; su&#7889;t c&#7843; tr&#432;a th&#236; d&#297; nhi&#234;n l&#224; m&#7891; h&#244;i m&#7891; k&#234; nh&#7877; nh&#7841;i, nh&#432;ng c&#7843;m gi&#225;c kh&#244;ng c&#243; tr&#7853;n n&#243;ng n&#224;o &#273;&#225;nh g&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tinh th&#7847;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;, l&#7841;i c&#242;n m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; b&#233;o h&#7859;n hoi. B&#226;y gi&#7901; ch&#7881; m&#7897;t cu&#7889;c &#273;i b&#7897; t&#7915; nh&#224; ra h&#224;ng x&#244;i th&#7883;t quay c&#361;ng khi&#7871;n t&#244;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n mu&#7889;n &#259;n x&#244;i th&#7883;t quay n&#7919;a. C&#225;i n&#243;ng l&#7915; r&#7915; &#273;&#7889;t ch&#225;y nh&#7919;ng tay n&#7855;m c&#7917;a kim lo&#7841;i, tr&#249;m l&#234;n nh&#7919;ng t&#225;n c&#226;y &#273;&#7913;ng im nh&#432; t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7897;t b&#7847;u kh&#244;ng kh&#237; oi &#7843; n&#7863;ng tr&#7883;ch, nh&#7919;ng t&#225;n c&#226;y m&#224; n&#7871;u c&#243; hi&#7871;m hoi &#273;ung &#273;&#432;a th&#236; c&#361;ng &#273;&#7915;ng v&#7897;i m&#7915;ng b&#7903;i v&#236; &#273;&#243; l&#224; gi&#243; L&#224;o, ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7845;y con g&#224; m&#7899;i t&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;.</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i S&#224;i G&#242;n v&#7889;n &#237;t xem d&#7921; b&#225;o th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t, kh&#244;ng &#273;o nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; b&#7857;ng con s&#7889; m&#224; ch&#7881; qua loa b&#7857;ng c&#225;c kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m m&#417; h&#7891; nh&#432; m&#225;t m&#225;t hay n&#243;ng n&#243;ng, th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; l&#224; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#225;ng quan t&#226;m khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ta ph&#7843;i nh&#7855;c nhi&#7873;u, ngh&#297; v&#7873; nhi&#7873;u, &#273;&#7845;y l&#224; di&#7877;m ph&#250;c c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng v&#249;ng &#273;&#7845;t kh&#237; h&#7853;u d&#7877; ch&#7883;u. Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; S&#224;i G&#242;n x&#432;a th&#244;i. T&#244;i ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; th&#7845;y m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i xung quanh than n&#243;ng nhi&#7873;u nh&#432; m&#249;a h&#232; n&#259;m nay, m&#7897;t &#273;&#7907;t n&#243;ng kh&#7911;ng khi&#7871;p ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng th&#7845;y &#7903; S&#224;i G&#242;n. Tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c t&#244;i n&#243;i v&#7899;i b&#7841;n, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i S&#224;i G&#242;n g&#7889;c &#273;&#227; m&#7845;y &#273;&#7901;i, r&#7857;ng t&#244;i chu&#7849;n b&#7883; &#273;i Almaty th&#225;ng T&#225;m, anh h&#7887;i ngay:</p><blockquote><p><em>&#272;i &#273;&#7907;t &#273;&#243; c&#243; s&#7907; n&#243;ng kh&#244;ng?</em></p></blockquote><p>Bu&#7891;n &#273;&#7871;n th&#7871;, v&#7915;a bu&#7891;n v&#7915;a ph&#7843;i qu&#7841;t tay.</p><h2><strong>3. N&#7855;ng v&#224; n&#243;ng</strong></h2><p>C&#243; n&#243;ng m&#7899;i sinh ra n&#7855;ng. T&#225;ch r&#7901;i n&#243;ng ra kh&#7887;i n&#7855;ng, gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; t&#225;ch r&#7901;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ngh&#7879; s&#297; ra kh&#7887;i t&#225;c ph&#7849;m. Nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; t&#432; ch&#7845;t kh&#7889;n n&#7841;n nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i vi&#7871;t ra th&#7913; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t lay &#273;&#7897;ng l&#242;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, bi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i l&#224;m sao &#273;&#226;y?</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What Makes a Person]]></title><description><![CDATA[On identity, creation, and a definition of the self beyond my job title (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i).]]></description><link>https://trambbui.substack.com/p/what-makes-a-person</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trambbui.substack.com/p/what-makes-a-person</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tram Bui]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2026 10:55:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/68b87b8b-ce33-4cb2-959c-cdd5018e44ac_1674x848.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Who am I?</p></div><p>Like a foretold curse of the overthinker, lately I have been circling the question more than usual. I have talked about it with friends, with myself, and all I have managed to arrive at is a list of exclusions.</p><p>I am not my job. People often resort to defining themselves by work: in introductions, in bios, on social media. Perhaps capitalism has managed to convince us that work is the most complete view of a person.</p><p>I am not my tastes. That, I suspect, is consumerism&#8217;s doing. People use their hobbies, their purchases, their collections, the things they consume, as a stand-in for personality. My Spotify Wrapped is not who I am. In fact, it hardly is anything at all.</p><p>I am not my relationships. Family, friends, lovers, however important they are, remain separate beings from me. In my lonelier moments, I have often thought this to be the most absurd definition of all. Not because a person has too many people in their life, or too few, but because <strong>nobody is the result of somebody else</strong>. That is an abdication of responsibility.</p><p>I am not my knowledge. I am not the things I have read, heard, watched, and then repeated to others as though they were my own. I am not where I was born, nor where I later set foot in. I am not my experiences. I am not my circumstances. And so on. </p><p>What, then?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg" width="1206" height="948" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:948,&quot;width&quot;:1206,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:117065,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/i/202578341?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E95P!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95c46ed6-d5f7-4d8e-9c3f-ffe39e6eca26_1206x948.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Woman in the Wind with a Letter</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1941) </figcaption></figure></div><p>Perhaps I am biased, but I think a person is most truthfully reflected in what they create, including the thoughts that have not even had the chance to take form. I say biased because I was lucky enough to love writing from a young age. Composing has always come naturally to me. So my insistence on defining a person through creation may seem a little too convenient, but let me explain.</p><p>Creation does not only mean artistic creation. Perhaps formation is the better word. <strong>The moment an original thought comes into being, it already carries the identity of the person who made it.</strong> Not everyone can turn thought into form: an essay, a work of art, a program, a project, something that can be touched, weighed, or measured. But an idea is already the result of a creative process. I love the Vietnamese phrase <em>n&#7843;y ra &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng</em>&#8212;an idea springs up. Or, in the language of cartoons, a light bulb appears out of thin air: from nothing into something. That is creation.</p><p>I am not the things I take. I am the things I make.</p><p>Descartes said he thought, therefore he was. Next to this, he also added: </p><blockquote><p><em>We cannot doubt our own existence while we are doubting.</em> </p></blockquote><p>For Descartes, a person&#8217;s existence is proven through thought. I will push a little further and say that a person&#8217;s identity is revealed through creation.</p><p>So to answer the question of who I am, I must keep creating. I must be allowed to think my own thoughts, to make my own things. <strong>They are proof that I am here.</strong><em> </em>Perhaps this is why, after a long stretch of not writing, I begin to feel dazed. I used to simply call it poor productivity, procrastination, or laziness. Now I understand it is the loss of identity.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for being here! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>And thus, the question of who I am can never have only one answer. I am a process. Today I make one thing; tomorrow I make another. Sometimes it takes me a minute. Sometimes it takes me half a year. All the clich&#233;s we keep hearing turn out to be true: it is not the destination, but the journey. A person&#8217;s identity is no exception. I admire people who are always creating, not only because they always have something to show for it, but because <strong>they are constantly able to define and redefine who they are</strong>.</p><p>Why is knowing who I am so important to me? I have not thought that far yet. But perhaps, since the world revolves around me, I should probably know what exactly it is revolving around.</p><p>Just as this question began to form in my mind, I came across Emil Cioran&#8217;s essay <em>On Being Lyrical</em>, which both contorts and glorifies the act of composing. The other day, a friend asked me whether the spiritual universe was real. I do not know. But if it is, then <strong>the spiritual universe is very good at disguising itself as coincidence</strong>.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/p/what-makes-a-person?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/trambbui.substack.com/p/what-makes-a-person?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">Danh t&#237;nh c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i</span></h1><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">T&#244;i l&#224; ai?  </span></p></div><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">Nh&#432; m&#7897;t l&#7901;i nguy&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921; b&#225;o tr&#432;&#7899;c c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7843; ngh&#297;, g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y t&#244;i hay quanh qu&#7849;n v&#7899;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y. T&#244;i &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u cu&#7897;c n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i b&#7841;n b&#232;, v&#7899;i ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh, ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; r&#250;t ra m&#7897;t danh s&#225;ch lo&#7841;i tr&#7915;.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">T&#244;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a t&#244;i. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a m&#236;nh b&#7857;ng c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c &#7903; kh&#7855;p n&#417;i, khi gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u b&#7843;n th&#226;n, hay tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i, c&#243; l&#7869; v&#236; t&#432; b&#7843;n &#273;&#227; l&#7915;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#250;ng ta r&#7857;ng c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c ch&#237;nh l&#224; c&#225;i nh&#236;n t&#7893;ng qu&#225;t nh&#7845;t v&#7873; con ng&#432;&#7901;i.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">T&#244;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; s&#7903; th&#237;ch c&#7911;a t&#244;i. &#272;&#226;y ch&#7855;c l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a ti&#234;u d&#249;ng. Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;em s&#7903; th&#237;ch, nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; h&#7885; mua s&#7855;m, s&#432;u t&#7847;m, ti&#234;u th&#7909; ra l&#224;m t&#237;nh c&#225;ch. Spotify Wrapped c&#7911;a t&#244;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; con ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#244;i, th&#7853;m ch&#237; n&#243; c&#242;n ch&#7859;ng n&#243;i l&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; m&#7845;y.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">T&#244;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; c&#7911;a t&#244;i. Gia &#273;&#236;nh, b&#7841;n b&#232;, ng&#432;&#7901;i y&#234;u, d&#249; quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#7845;y c&#361;ng l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#225; th&#7875; t&#225;ch r&#7901;i kh&#7887;i t&#244;i. Trong nh&#7919;ng l&#250;c c&#244; &#273;&#417;n, &#273;&#227; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n t&#244;i ngh&#297; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a n&#224;y l&#224; n&#7921;c c&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7845;t, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; c&#243; &#237;t hay nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i trong &#273;&#7901;i, m&#224; v&#236; </span><strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">kh&#244;ng ai l&#7841;i l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ai kh&#225;c</span></strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">. &#272;&#243; l&#224; ch&#7889;i b&#7887; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">T&#244;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c c&#7911;a t&#244;i, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; t&#244;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7885;c, &#273;&#227; nghe, &#273;&#227; xem, r&#7891;i &#273;em l&#7863;p l&#7841;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c nh&#432; th&#7875; ch&#250;ng l&#224; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. T&#244;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; n&#417;i t&#244;i &#273;&#227; sinh ra, hay nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c sau n&#224;y t&#244;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7863;t ch&#226;n &#273;&#7871;n. T&#244;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a t&#244;i, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh c&#7911;a t&#244;i.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">V&#226;n v&#226;n. Th&#7871; r&#7889;t cu&#7897;c?</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg" width="1011" height="1246" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1246,&quot;width&quot;:1011,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_424, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_848, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lk_q!, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/trambbui.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd20b341-3eba-4183-9dca-e3b213adcb68_1011x1246.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Trang &#273;i&#7875;m</em>, Mai Trung Th&#7913; (1943)</figcaption></figure></div><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">C&#243; th&#7875; t&#244;i thi&#234;n v&#7883;, nh&#432;ng t&#244;i cho r&#7857;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7843;n &#225;nh ch&#226;n th&#7853;t nh&#7845;t b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; h&#7885; t&#7841;o ra, bao g&#7891;m c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng suy ngh&#297; ch&#432;a c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#224;nh h&#236;nh. N&#243;i t&#244;i thi&#234;n v&#7883; b&#7903;i v&#236; t&#244;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i may m&#7855;n &#273;&#227; th&#237;ch vi&#7871;t l&#225;ch t&#7915; nh&#7887;. Vi&#7879;c s&#225;ng t&#225;c &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i t&#244;i h&#7871;t s&#7913;c t&#7921; nhi&#234;n. Th&#7871; n&#234;n vi&#7879;c t&#244;i &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a m&#7897;t con ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7857;ng s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#225;c c&#243; v&#7867; qu&#225; thu&#7853;n ti&#7879;n, nh&#432;ng t&#244;i xin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thanh minh th&#7871; n&#224;y.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">S&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#225;c kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c s&#225;ng t&#225;c ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t. G&#7885;i l&#224; s&#7921; t&#7841;o th&#224;nh th&#236; &#273;&#250;ng h&#417;n. </span><strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">Khi m&#7897;t &#253; ngh&#297; nguy&#234;n b&#7843;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c sinh ra, n&#243; &#273;&#227; mang trong m&#236;nh danh t&#237;nh c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7841;o ra n&#243;.</span></strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);"> Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai c&#361;ng c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng bi&#7871;n suy ngh&#297; th&#224;nh h&#236;nh, th&#224;nh m&#7897;t &#225;ng v&#259;n, t&#225;c ph&#7849;m, ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh, hay d&#7921; &#225;n, m&#7897;t th&#7913; s&#7901; n&#7855;n &#273;ong &#273;&#7871;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Nh&#432;ng &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7889;n &#273;&#227; l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh s&#225;ng t&#225;c v&#244; h&#236;nh. T&#244;i th&#237;ch c&#225;ch ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t n&#243;i l&#224; </span><em><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">n&#7843;y ra &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng</span></em><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">, hay theo ng&#244;n ng&#7919; phim ho&#7841;t h&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#243;ng &#273;&#232;n b&#7853;t ra t&#7915; trong kh&#244;ng kh&#237;: &#273;ang t&#7915; kh&#244;ng m&#224; th&#224;nh c&#243;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; s&#225;ng t&#225;c.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">T&#244;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u t&#244;i nh&#7853;n v&#224;o, t&#244;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; t&#244;i t&#7841;o ra.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">Descartes n&#243;i &#244;ng ta t&#432; duy, n&#234;n &#244;ng ta t&#7891;n t&#7841;i. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#244;ng c&#242;n ghi ch&#250; th&#234;m: </span></p><blockquote><p><em><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">Ta kh&#244;ng th&#7875; nghi ng&#7901; s&#7921; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh khi &#273;ang nghi ng&#7901;. </span></em></p></blockquote><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">Descartes cho r&#7857;ng s&#7921; hi&#7879;n h&#7919;u c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7843;n &#225;nh b&#7857;ng t&#432; duy. T&#244;i mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7849;y xa h&#417;n ch&#250;t n&#7919;a v&#224; n&#243;i r&#7857;ng danh t&#237;nh c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7843;n &#225;nh b&#7857;ng s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#225;c.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">Th&#7871; n&#234;n &#273;&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#244;i l&#224; ai, t&#244;i c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i li&#234;n t&#7909;c s&#225;ng t&#225;c. T&#244;i c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngh&#297; nh&#7919;ng suy ngh&#297; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng t&#7841;o ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. </span><strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">Nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; &#7845;y l&#224; minh ch&#7913;ng cho s&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a t&#244;i.</span></strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);"> C&#243; l&#7869; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; l&#253; do m&#224; c&#7913; sau m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i kh&#244;ng vi&#7871;t l&#225;ch, t&#244;i l&#7841;i th&#7845;y m&#417; h&#7891;. Tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y t&#244;i ch&#7881; g&#7885;i &#273;&#243; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; n&#259;ng su&#7845;t k&#233;m, tr&#236; ho&#227;n, hay l&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;ng. Gi&#7901; m&#7899;i hi&#7875;u &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#273;&#225;nh m&#7845;t danh t&#237;nh.</span></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://trambbui.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en-gb&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n! Subscribe mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i m&#7899;i c&#7911;a t&#244;i h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">M&#224; c&#361;ng v&#236; th&#7871; n&#234;n &#273;&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#244;i l&#224; ai, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;&#225;p &#225;n. T&#244;i l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh. H&#244;m nay t&#244;i t&#7841;o ra th&#7913; n&#224;y, ng&#224;y mai t&#244;i t&#7841;o ra th&#7913; kia. C&#243; l&#250;c t&#244;i ch&#7881; m&#7845;t m&#7897;t ph&#250;t &#273;&#7875; s&#225;ng t&#225;c, v&#224; c&#243; l&#250;c t&#244;i m&#7845;t n&#7917;a n&#259;m. M&#7885;i s&#225;o &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#250;ng ta v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghe &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#250;ng: kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#237;ch &#273;&#7871;n, m&#224; l&#224; qu&#227;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng. Danh t&#237;nh c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ngo&#7841;i l&#7879;. T&#244;i h&#226;m m&#7897; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i li&#234;n t&#7909;c s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; b&#7903;i h&#7885; li&#234;n t&#7909;c c&#243; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, m&#224; c&#242;n v&#236; </span><strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">h&#7885; li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a m&#236;nh l&#224; ai</span></strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">T&#7841;i sao vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u m&#236;nh l&#224; ai l&#7841;i quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i t&#244;i &#273;&#7871;n v&#7853;y? T&#244;i c&#361;ng ch&#432;a ngh&#297; &#273;&#7871;n. Nh&#432;ng ch&#7855;c v&#236; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i xoay quanh t&#244;i n&#234;n t&#244;i ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i xoay quanh c&#225;i g&#236;.</span></p><p><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">T&#236;nh c&#7901; l&#224; khi v&#7915;a ch&#7899;m ngh&#297; &#273;&#7871;n c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y, t&#244;i l&#7841;i &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#224;i lu&#7853;n </span><em><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">On Being Lyrical</span></em><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);"> c&#7911;a Emil Cioran, v&#7915;a v&#7863;n v&#7865;o l&#7841;i v&#7915;a t&#244;n vinh s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#225;c. H&#244;m n&#7885; b&#7841;n t&#244;i h&#7887;i v&#361; tr&#7909; t&#226;m linh c&#243; th&#7853;t kh&#244;ng, t&#244;i c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u c&#243; th&#7853;t th&#236; </span><strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">v&#361; tr&#7909; t&#226;m linh ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n r&#7845;t gi&#7887;i c&#7843;i trang th&#224;nh s&#7921; ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n</span></strong><span data-color="rgb(8, 8, 9)" style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9);">.</span></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>