<script data-pm-proxy="intercept"></script><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Versión Criolla]]></title><description><![CDATA[pa' que tú sepa']]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png</url><title>Versión Criolla</title><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 23:20:07 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Andres de Vengoechea]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[es]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[versioncriolla@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[versioncriolla@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Andres]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Andres]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[versioncriolla@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[versioncriolla@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Andres]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[La concentración de capital es la principal amenaza contra la democracia]]></title><description><![CDATA[Entre m&#225;s valor extraen de la econom&#237;a nacional, m&#225;s desestabilizan al pa&#237;s]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/la-concentracion-de-capital-es-la</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/la-concentracion-de-capital-es-la</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:21:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dwA0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05e44c9b-77da-4f37-b0a0-ef26e8c32ebe_4320x2880.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dwA0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05e44c9b-77da-4f37-b0a0-ef26e8c32ebe_4320x2880.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dwA0!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, 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y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Espero que esto no se vuelva un mal h&#225;bito de mi parte, pero la semana pasada <em>La Prensa</em> volvi&#243; a publicar <a href="https://www.prensa.com/economia/banistmo-y-banco-la-hipotecaria-acuerdan-fusionarse-por-absorcion-y-solicitan-aval-del-regulador/">una noticia de enorme consecuencia</a> pa&#8217;l pa&#237;s, pero redactada &#8212; a prop&#243;sito, pareciera &#8212; pa&#8217; que el lector no entendiera bien lo que &#8216;taba pasando. Bajo el titular &#8220;<em>Banistmo</em> y <em>Banco La Hipotecaria</em> acuerdan fusionarse por absorci&#243;n y solicitan aval del regulador&#8221;, nuestro principal paqu&#237;n corporativo recuenta una transacci&#243;n aparentemente banal dentro del Sector Bancario Nacional (SBN), la cual deja a <em>Banistmo</em> como la entidad sobreviviente.</p><p>La fusi&#243;n, que todav&#237;a requiere la autorizaci&#243;n de la Superintendencia de Bancos de Panam&#225; (SBP) &#8212; proforma a estas alturas &#8212; dejar&#237;a una instituci&#243;n con m&#225;s de $11,500 millones (<em>11.5 billion </em>gringos) en activos y $8,000 millones (<em>8 billion</em>) en pr&#233;stamos. Con la operaci&#243;n, explica su presidenta, Banistmo busca &#8220;reforzar el manejo de la cartera hipotecaria&#8221; y convertirse en &#8220;uno de los principales jugadores en el mercado de viviendas&#8221;.</p><p><em>&#161;Y no sabes el mercado que es, brodeeerrr!</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pa&#8217; que te llegue al inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Lo que <em>La Prensa</em> no explica bien, sin embargo, es que hace menos de dos meses <em><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2058897/000205889726000275/grupocibestsa6-kpr2q26.htm">Banco La Hipotecaria</a></em><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2058897/000205889726000275/grupocibestsa6-kpr2q26.htm"> ya hab&#237;a comprado </a><em><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2058897/000205889726000275/grupocibestsa6-kpr2q26.htm">Banistmo</a></em> por $1,418 millones. As&#237; mismo: <em>La Hipotecaria</em> &#8212; con alrededor de $1,000 millones en activos &#8212; compr&#243; un banco diez veces m&#225;s grande, con m&#225;s de $10,500 millones. Ahora, ese mismo <em>Banistmo</em> va a absorber al banco que acaba de comprarlo.</p><p>Si todo esto te parece mucho m&#225;s complicado de lo que deber&#237;a ser, somos dos. Pero la pregunta m&#225;s importante no es tanto c&#243;mo <em>La Hipotecaria</em> compr&#243; a <em>Banistmo</em>, sino por qu&#233; alguien estar&#237;a dispuesto a pagar <em>$1.4 billion</em> por controlar un banco paname&#241;o. Despu&#233;s de todo, los bancos no producen nada que podamos consumir. Son intermediarios: captan la plata de unos y se la prestan a otros. Si <em>Banistmo</em> vale tanto pa&#8217; sus nuevos due&#241;os, entonces, alguien m&#225;s tiene que &#8216;tar generando los flujos que justifiquen semejante valoraci&#243;n.</p><p>En este caso, desgraciadamente, ese alguien es el Estado paname&#241;o, y la clase media amplia (CMA) que lo sostiene.</p><h4>Mansa rosca (si la consigues)</h4><p>Seg&#250;n la propia Superintendencia de Bancos, los paname&#241;os endeudados con el sistema bancario destinan, en promedio, un extraordinario 44% <a href="https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/financiera_y_estadistica/estudios/IEF-I-Semestre-2025.pdf?v=6.1">de sus ingresos mensuales al pago de deudas</a> &#8212; entre quienes ganan menos de $800, la proporci&#243;n supera el 53%.</p><p>Como hemos visto en reiteradas ocasiones, Panam&#225; es un para&#237;so pa&#8217;l prestamista: no solamente son paup&#233;rrimos los salarios, sino que las lluvias de divisas que regularmente le caen al pa&#237;s son irremediablemente inflacionarias, casi que obligando al paname&#241;o que vive de su sudor a endeudarse.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;8f8d1cba-7016-4071-9d7e-40f8b8642c38&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Si hemos de creer las &#250;ltimas cifras &#8212; aunque qui&#233;n sabe si cambien ma&#241;ana &#8212; todav&#237;a 20 de los 195 reos fugados de La Joyita siguen sin paradero conocido. Lo que s&#237; espero te haya quedado claro, compatriota, es que esa c&#225;rcel &#8212; y seguramente la mayor&#237;a de las c&#225;rceles en Panam&#225; &#8212; funcionaba como una especie de zona libre o &#8220;empresa mixta&#8221;, administrada &#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Un contraste arrasador&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-12T21:20:39.593Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-PK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd746c3f2-eca3-4872-ab97-b6adddde2e6a_880x495.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/un-contraste-arrasador&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:201466422,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:2,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Pero lo que realmente hace a nuestro mercado hipotecario tan rid&#237;culamente rentable es que, desde hace d&#233;cadas, el Estado mantiene un r&#233;gimen de inter&#233;s preferencial mediante el cual subsidia la tasa hipotecaria de un gran rango de viviendas &#8212; m&#225;s del 50% del <a href="https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/financiera_y_estadistica/estudios/IAB/IAB-1125.pdf">cr&#233;dito destinado a vivienda propia</a>, <em>pa&#8217; que t&#250; sepa&#8217;</em>, est&#225; acogido a dicho r&#233;gimen. El comprador recibe una tasa m&#225;s baja por parte del banco porque el gobierno asume la diferencia, es decir, se hace responsable por pagarla.</p><p>En t&#233;rminos sencillos, una parte del rendimiento que las instituciones financieras criollas obtienen por prestar plata pa&#8217; comprar una casa la paga el futuro due&#241;o, mientras que la otra es cubierta por el par de <em>webas</em> que pagan impuestos en este pa&#237;s, es decir, los asalariados, los emprendedores y los due&#241;os de pymes.</p><p>Y resulta ser que <em>La Hipotecaria</em> se enfocaba principalmente en esta rosca. Seg&#250;n sus propios estados financieros auditados, solamente en 2024 <a href="https://multimedia.corprensa.com/multimedia/catalogos/2025-03-31/La_Hipotecaria_EF2024/101/">reconoci&#243; $16.6 millones en ingresos por intereses preferenciales</a> en su cartera residencial, a la vez que manten&#237;a $24.3 millones en cr&#233;ditos fiscales correspondientes a deudas que el Estado le deb&#237;a bajo el r&#233;gimen. Ese mismo a&#241;o, la Direcci&#243;n General de Ingresos (DGI) le entreg&#243; a <em>La Hipotecaria</em> $22.4 millones en t&#237;tulos de deuda p&#250;blica pa&#8217; &#8220;compensarla&#8221;.</p><p>B&#225;sicamente, mientras el Estado se endeuda cada vez m&#225;s, parte de esa deuda es pa&#8217; cubrir obligaciones que <em>todos los paname&#241;os</em> tenemos con bancos privados, precisamente, porque subsidiamos la rentabilidad de sus hipotecas.</p><p>Lo que las convierte en activos extremadamente valiosos pa&#8217; concentraciones a&#250;n m&#225;s grandes de capital, en este caso for&#225;neas.</p><h4>En el patio, el capital se concentra por naturaleza</h4><p>Aqu&#237; volvemos al misterio de c&#243;mo un banco de $1,000 millones en activos pudo comprar uno diez veces m&#225;s grande por $1,418 millones. La respuesta: con plata prestada, o como le dicen los gringos, <em>leverage</em>.</p><p>Por si ya perdiste la cuenta con todas las fusiones y adquisiciones dentro del SBN en los &#250;ltimos meses, el conglomerado financiero centroamericano <em>BSC</em> compr&#243; <em>La Hipotecaria</em> en septiembre del a&#241;o pasado. Hasta entonces, <a href="https://www.assanet.com/grupoassa/">el banco pertenec&#237;a mayoritariamente a </a><em><a href="https://www.assanet.com/grupoassa/">Grupo ASSA</a></em>, que vendi&#243; su participaci&#243;n junto al resto de los accionistas. El precio de aquella transacci&#243;n no fue divulgado p&#250;blicamente &#8212; ni cuando <em>Grupo ASSA</em> anunci&#243; el acuerdo, ni cuando posteriormente notific&#243; su cierre a la Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores (SMV).</p><p><em>Recuerda que en Panam&#225; la falta de transparencia es parte clave del modelo econ&#243;mico.</em></p><p>Pero lo que s&#237; sabemos es la mina de oro que hab&#237;a sido <em>La Hipotecaria</em> pa&#8217; sus antiguos due&#241;os. El mismo <em>Grupo ASSA</em> reconoci&#243; <a href="https://www.assanet.com/grupoassa/nota-de-prensa-reunion-de-accionistas-grupo-assa/">una ganancia extraordinaria de $31.2 millones</a> producto de la venta. Sus accionistas terminaron 2025 con un retorno total de 39.7%. En otras palabras, un banco especializado en convertir los subsidios que paga nuestro Estado en flujos privados, termin&#243; enriqueciendo a&#250;n m&#225;s a una de las m&#225;s grandes y, por ende, peligrosas concentraciones de capital que tenemos en Panam&#225;.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;d1f25e7a-d203-4d90-9f53-65aa21a3eb03&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;En la primera parte de este ensayo vimos que el crecimiento de la industria aseguradora no necesariamente refleja una sociedad m&#225;s pr&#243;spera. Tambi&#233;n puede ser s&#237;ntoma de un pa&#237;s donde la vida se torna cada d&#237;a m&#225;s precaria, obligando a familias a gastar cada vez m&#225;s de lo poco que reciben por su esfuerzo, simplemente pa&#8217; protegerse el&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Lucrando del Colapso, Parte 8 (2 de 2)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-07-14T09:20:13.413Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L4dW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd75ffcc8-2c0d-4fe0-9a7b-fd46821eb837_400x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-2-de&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:206616865,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:1,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Apenas nueve meses despu&#233;s, los nuevos due&#241;os de <em>La Hipotecaria</em> la utilizaron como veh&#237;culo pa&#8217; comprar <em>Banistmo</em> &#8212; aunque los $1,418 millones no salieron de su bolsillo. La adquisici&#243;n fue financiada en parte <a href="https://bladex.com/es/node/1323">mediante un paquete de deuda</a> estructurado por <em>Bladex</em> y <em>Santander</em>, que inclu&#237;a un pr&#233;stamo sindicado a cinco a&#241;os pa&#8217; <em>BSC</em>, el holding, y otro pr&#233;stamo directamente a <em>La Hipotecaria</em> como &#8220;comprador&#8221; de <em>Banistmo</em>.</p><p>Pa&#8217; que entiendas, <em>BSC</em> se endeud&#243; pa&#8217; comprar <em>Banistmo</em>, pero todav&#237;a no sabemos qu&#233; tan apalancada estuvo la compra: cu&#225;nto de los $1,418 millones puso realmente <em>La Hipotecaria/BSC</em> y cu&#225;nto fue <em>leverage</em>. No obstante, la operaci&#243;n sigue la estructura de un transe legal conocido como <em>debt pushdown</em> en el mundo de las fusiones y adquisiciones (<em>M&amp;A</em>, por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s).</p><p>De hecho, <em>BSC</em> originalmente <a href="https://www.legal500.com/developments/press-releases/morgan-morgan-advised-on-the-closing-of-grupo-financiero-bscs-acquisition-of-banistmo/">iba a comprar </a><em><a href="https://www.legal500.com/developments/press-releases/morgan-morgan-advised-on-the-closing-of-grupo-financiero-bscs-acquisition-of-banistmo/">Banistmo</a></em><a href="https://www.legal500.com/developments/press-releases/morgan-morgan-advised-on-the-closing-of-grupo-financiero-bscs-acquisition-of-banistmo/"> directamente</a>, pero seis d&#237;as antes del cierre <a href="https://www.lahipotecaria.com/colombia/blog/informacion-relevante/">le cedi&#243; los derechos a </a><em><a href="https://www.lahipotecaria.com/colombia/blog/informacion-relevante/">La Hipotecaria</a></em> &#8212; que tambi&#233;n recibi&#243; parte del financiamiento &#8212; y ahora <em>Banistmo</em> va a absorberla. De esta manera, parte de la deuda utilizada pa&#8217; comprar <em>Banistmo</em> terminar&#237;a dentro de <em>Banistmo</em>: adem&#225;s que sus flujos ayudar&#237;an a pagarla, sus intereses le reducir&#237;an su renta imponible (<em>taxable income</em>).</p><p>Y no estoy especulando. En Panam&#225; existe toda una industria de abogados, banqueros y asesores fiscales dedicada precisamente a encontrar millones en &#8220;ahorros&#8221; todos los a&#241;os. Sus propios materiales promocionales explican <em>chillin&#8217;</em> que en el patio <a href="https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=12665d8b-1289-4ae7-9bea-524e0ae25af2&amp;">no existen restricciones al </a><em><a href="https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=12665d8b-1289-4ae7-9bea-524e0ae25af2&amp;">debt pushdown</a></em>, que puede hacerse mediante una fusi&#243;n y que fusionar al comprador con la empresa comprada <a href="https://imaa-institute.org/publications/taxation-of-cross-border-mergers-and-acquisitions-panama-2016/">permite deducir los intereses de la deuda</a> contra&#237;da pa&#8217; la adquisici&#243;n.</p><p>Tr&#225;gicamente, algunos de los profesionales mejores pagados del pa&#237;s se dedican a <a href="https://chanis.pa/practice-areas/tax-business-planning/">encontrar maneras perfectamente legales</a> pa&#8217; que sus clientes se queden con plata que le corresponde al Estado, es decir, a todos los paname&#241;os por igual.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/la-concentracion-de-capital-es-la?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Esta opini&#243;n es p&#250;blica.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/la-concentracion-de-capital-es-la?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/la-concentracion-de-capital-es-la?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>La concentraci&#243;n de capital es irresistible porque ni siquiera necesita tener todo el dinero necesario pa&#8217; seguir adquiriendo m&#225;s capital. Con el que ya tiene, consigue que le presten, lo que le permite comprar m&#225;s activos. Por su parte, estos activos generan nuevos ingresos que aumentan a&#250;n m&#225;s su capacidad de acumular capital &#8212; y as&#237; nos vamos hasta que quedamos con un par de grupos corporativos con suficiente poder pa&#8217; secuestrar el Estado y escribir las reglas del juego a su favor.</p><p>Menos de un mes despu&#233;s de completarse la compra, <em>Banistmo</em> aprob&#243; pagarle a su nuevo accionista &#8212; <em>La Hipotecaria</em> &#8212; <a href="https://files.latinexbolsa.com/pabvprblob01/PDFs/Informacion%20Corporativa/BIST/2026/HI_BCOIST_Hecho%20de%20importancia-%20Distrubicon%20de%20divivendos%20-%20accionista.pdf">casi $1.6 millones mensuales en dividendos</a> durante julio, agosto y septiembre. En pocas palabras, el banco comprado con plata prestada comenz&#243; <em>de vez</em> a producir pa&#8217;l banco que se endeud&#243; pa&#8217; comprarlo. As&#237; fue como, en menos de diez meses, <em>BSC</em> pas&#243; de no tener presencia en el patio a controlar, despu&#233;s de Banco General, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/top-bancos-de-panam%C3%A1-por-saldos-de-cr%C3%A9ditos-ugcPost-7411715481855750145-pfNT/">la segunda cartera hipotecaria m&#225;s grande del pa&#237;s</a>, en un mercado donde m&#225;s de la mitad del cr&#233;dito est&#225; subsidiado por el <em>HP</em> gobierno.</p><h4>La plata es poder</h4><p>En una democracia, la idea es &#8220;un ciudadano, un voto&#8221;. En una econom&#237;a como la nuestra, sin embargo, cada <em>d&#243;lar</em> equivale a un voto, y entre m&#225;s plata tengas, m&#225;s puedes comprar tierras, empresas, medios de comunicaci&#243;n y campa&#241;as electorales. Tambi&#233;n puedes contratar abogados y otros <em>insiders</em>, poner a ministros y hasta presidentes, y &#8212; si llegas a las grandes ligas &#8212; adquirir las instituciones que literal deciden qui&#233;n tiene acceso al capital <em>paname&#241;o</em>, y qui&#233;n se jodi&#243;.</p><p>La acumulaci&#243;n de riqueza, especialmente en el a&#241;o de Nuestro Se&#241;or 2026, inevitablemente termina convirti&#233;ndose en poder desmesurado. Y el problema es que nuestro Estado, en vez de evitarlo, canaliza una est&#250;pida cantidad del recurso paname&#241;o hacia precisamente estas concentraciones de capital. Entre m&#225;s subsidiemos su crecimiento, m&#225;s valiosos ser&#225;n sus activos, m&#225;s riqueza acumular&#225;n sus due&#241;os y mayor poder tendr&#225;n sobre el mismo Estado que saquean, por medio de leyes y decretos ejecutivos, lo que son tumores dentro de la <em>res p&#250;blica</em>.</p><p>Como he descrito anteriormente, ellos son parte esencial de la bomba de riqueza que cada d&#237;a le quita m&#225;s al asalariado, emprendedor y pyme, pa&#8217; que nuestra clase intermediaria viva como realeza, totalmente por encima de los problemas que tanto joden el d&#237;a a d&#237;a de la CMA.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;cff8fded-cfb1-496d-9596-e620302e38eb&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Uno de los autores cuyo trabajo he conocido gracias a Substack es Peter Turchin. Junto con sus colegas, el Profesor Turchin ha desarrollado un nuevo m&#233;todo cient&#237;fico pa&#8217; estudiar la historia: en sus propias palabras, una forma de analizar las sociedades humanas como sistemas complejos, utilizando una enorme cantidad de datos y evidencia emp&#237;rica &#8212; no m&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Panam&#225; Apocal&#237;ptico&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-31T09:20:23.335Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KfBf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4efa52c-6800-488c-a083-40b5ae289a62_1200x630.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panama-apocaliptico&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:192146565,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:1,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Por m&#225;s que los $1,418 millones que pag&#243; <em>BSC</em> por <em>Banistmo</em> no crearon absolutamente nada de valor nuevo, ni un solo d&#243;lar adicional de cr&#233;dito, toda la &#8220;actividad econ&#243;mica&#8221; alrededor de la transacci&#243;n &#8212; honorarios legales, comisiones bancarias, asesor&#237;a fiscal, entre otros <em>cuts</em> &#8212; termina registrada en nuestro PIB. En pocas palabras, los accionistas y sus intermediarios se enriquecen y las estad&#237;sticas nacionales sugieren crecimiento.</p><p>Pa&#8217;l paname&#241;o com&#250;n, sin embargo, esta &#8220;fusi&#243;n&#8221; significa menos opciones (competencia) y precios m&#225;s altos. Es m&#225;s plata saliendo de su bolsillo, hacia los bolsillos de gente que cada vez tiene menos l&#237;mites sobre su poder, y que hoy hacen <em>japai</em> sin importar cual sea la cleptocracia de turno.</p><p>Ese es el mayor peligro de la concentraci&#243;n de capital: cada d&#243;lar adicional que acumula aumenta su capacidad pa&#8217; extraer el pr&#243;ximo. Le da m&#225;s poder sobre sus clientes y &#8220;colaboradores&#8221;, m&#225;s recursos pa&#8217; comprar competidores e, inevitablemente, m&#225;s capacidad pa&#8217; influir sobre el Estado que implementa la pol&#237;tica econ&#243;mica.</p><p>Eventualmente, cuando el empobrecimiento popular se combine con suficientes j&#243;venes cabriados de vivir sin la esperanza de una mejor vida, ah&#237; es cuando un populista suficientemente h&#225;bil &#8212; tal vez el que ya tenemos en Presidencia, o su patr&#243;n &#8212; imponga un r&#233;gimen autoritario. Ahora es cuando tenemos que hacer lo posible, no s&#243;lo por ponerle fin a esta terrible tendencia, sino por revertir al Estado el poder que s&#243;lo unos cuantos grupos criollos han logrado acumular &#8212; tir&#225;nico en tan pocas manos &#8212; con el que han convertido nuestra &#8220;democracia&#8221; en una mera charada quinquenal.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/la-concentracion-de-capital-es-la?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/la-concentracion-de-capital-es-la?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/la-concentracion-de-capital-es-la/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/la-concentracion-de-capital-es-la/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Toward a New (and Perhaps Better) Local Christmas Spirit]]></title><description><![CDATA[Giving to the &#8220;less fortunate&#8221; doesn&#8217;t absolve us of hoarding the country&#8217;s wealth]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/toward-a-new-and-perhaps-better-panamanian</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/toward-a-new-and-perhaps-better-panamanian</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 09:20:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/por-un-nuevo-y-tal-vez-mejor-espiritu?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Versi&#243;n original</a></em>.</p><p>The <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/por-un-nuevo-y-tal-vez-mejor-espiritu?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">original version</a> of this essay was published December 25, 2025, under the title &#8220;<em>Por un nuevo (y tal vez mejor) esp&#237;ritu navide&#241;o criollo</em>.&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>And you may find yourself behind the wheel of a large automobile
And you may find yourself in a beautiful house, with a beautiful wife
And you may ask yourself, "Well, how did I get here?"</em>
- Talking Heads, "Once In a Lifetime" (1980)</pre></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg" width="1200" height="676" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:676,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;MOP quiere que los residentes paguen por arreglar las calles en El Valle de Ant&#243;n&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="MOP quiere que los residentes paguen por arreglar las calles en El Valle de Ant&#243;n" title="MOP quiere que los residentes paguen por arreglar las calles en El Valle de Ant&#243;n" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6iO!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a09a08f-5944-405f-868c-78f4fe155d27_1200x676.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>When I was a little kid, the best time of year was this one, Christmas and all the festivities leading up to it, which for me and my rather privileged peers meant one thing: a <em>shitton</em> of presents.</p><p>I still remember the coolest ones. When I was nine, my parents finally gave in and bought us the Nintendo I&#8217;d been begging them for years. And not just the console, but the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jq7pW5Cn7iw">Power Pad</a> and the gun for <em>Duck Hunt</em>. Not only was it the coolest present of the year &#8212; at least in my world &#8212; it was also a huge hit with the rest of the kids in the neighborhood, who&#8217;d come over to my place to play.</p><p>The one lousy part of the season was the inevitable guilt trip our parents would lay on us once the excitement of the new toys had worn off and we&#8217;d gone back to being our usual spoiled selves. They&#8217;d remind us of all the children, in Panama and around the world, who hadn&#8217;t gotten a single present. Of course, at that age there wasn&#8217;t much my sister or I could do for poor people, in our country or elsewhere. The idea &#8212; at least according to my parents &#8212; was to teach us to appreciate everything we had, especially when so many were literally going hungry just a few miles from our apartment.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Get Versi&#243;n Criolla in your inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Over the years, however, I&#8217;ve learned that gratitude, aside from being necessary if you want to be a decent person, can also serve as a balm that allows us to more easily ignore certain realities. For example, in Panama, there are children who don&#8217;t get any toys precisely because there were children like us who got &#8212; and, to this day, still get &#8212; far too many.</p><p>Difficult as it may be to admit, neither poverty nor, even more importantly, socioeconomic inequality at home is a matter of chance, something we can dismiss as &#8220;just the way the world works,&#8221; or simply the result of politicians stealing all the money.</p><p>Like in most of Latin America &#8212; and, today more than ever, in developed countries as well &#8212; the most &#8220;fortunate&#8221; among us tend to be those who&#8217;ve managed to extract value from what already exists, rather than those who&#8217;ve created value where before there was none. That doesn&#8217;t necessarily mean &#8220;stealing,&#8221; but it affords us lifestyles that have practically nothing to do with our individual effort, or &#8220;merit,&#8221; and far more to do with the fact that some of our ancestors simply got here first, then helped themselves to the best pieces of the national pie.</p><h4>The Road to Hell Is Paved With Good Intentions</h4><p>One of the clearest examples of this, without a doubt, is the decrepit state of so much of our public infrastructure. Those of us who have a &#8220;place in the country,&#8221; just so we&#8217;re clear, almost never depend on the State to live well, much less to get there without our cars falling to pieces along the way &#8212; as surely happens to the people who actually live in or near some of the most beautiful, and <em>valuable</em> parts of the country.</p><p>The road connecting the Pan-American Highway to El Valle de Ant&#243;n, for example, has been full of potholes for as long as I can remember. The last time I went, I found it in such a generalized state of disrepair that the contrast once you actually enter the valley and see the houses of its nicest neighborhoods is almost comical: all of the sudden, you go from dangerously third-world to someplace akin to Narnia.</p><p>The problem for the people who <em>live</em> in El Valle &#8212; and in the towns along the road connecting it to the Pan-American Highway &#8212; is that those who most benefit from the value generated by this land are precisely those who have little to no reason to care about the condition of its roads, bridges, power grid, and most other basic infrastructure.</p><p>Just as when I get sick I don&#8217;t use the public health system, but go to a private clinic or hospital, the owners of El Valle&#8217;s mansions drive 4x4s equipped with, among other cutting-edge technologies, the best shock absorbers money can buy. In fact, every year more of them skip the drive altogether and fly in via helicopter.</p><p>Yet for the locals who must take that road every day, by bus or with their own cars &#8212; usually something low to the ground and considerably more vulnerable to the craters that litter the road &#8212; the condition of public infrastructure represents a very expensive tax, which they literally pay every day with their time, their money, their safety and, most importantly, their quality of life.</p><p>And you don&#8217;t need people with bad intentions, much less some elaborate conspiracy, to arrive at this sort of &#8220;equilibrium.&#8221; All it takes is for those who write the laws of the Republic &#8212; and those whom they, in fact, serve &#8212; to be able to thrive regardless of whether the State works properly or not. Put simply, the common good deteriorates because valuable landowners simply aren&#8217;t affected by its deterioration nearly as much as the rest of the population.</p><h4>An Octopus&#8217;s Garden</h4><p>The good news &#8212; it is Christmas, after all &#8212; is that this situation is neither uniquely Panamanian nor incurable, however impossible changing it may seem. What we see at home is part of a global pattern that can also be observed in other &#8220;developing&#8221; countries, particularly in the kinds of elites their economic models have produced.</p><p><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2025-12-18/why-india-fell-off-the-global-middle-class-map">A recent Bloomberg Opinion column</a> illustrates this by contrasting India and China. Both are geopolitical giants, both deeply connected to the global economy and both, in their own ways, celebrated as &#8220;free market&#8221; success stories. Yet the results they&#8217;ve achieved when it comes to creating a broad middle class could hardly be more different. China brought hundreds of millions of people into an industrialized, urbanized and relatively productive economy. India, by contrast, did not. The difference wasn&#8217;t the &#8220;growth&#8221; generated by these two economic powers, but which groups got rich from it.</p><p>In India, the process of &#8220;economic opening and modernization&#8221; gave rise to the so-called <em>Octopus Class</em>: a highly educated and deeply financialized elite whose tentacles extend through law, banking, and every imaginable form of intermediation. Much like in Panama, a relatively thin slice of professionals lives the good life providing legal, financial and &#8220;consulting&#8221; services to people even richer than themselves &#8212; foreigners and locals alike &#8212; earning incomes in return that would change just about anyone&#8217;s life.</p><p>Sadly, this class couldn&#8217;t care less whether the domestic economy creates productive jobs or not.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;7cc3a2f0-f021-4b7f-9fd3-bf7f2e00403a&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Working for the Banks, Part 2&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-16T09:20:35.549Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nILq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4629c338-632e-4168-af03-6f240f720bd7_1152x838.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/working-for-the-banks-part-2&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:190966286,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:5,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>The similarity with our country is uncomfortable &#8212; even for yours truly &#8212; precisely because it&#8217;s so obvious. In this space, I call Panamanian &#8220;octopuses&#8221; the intermediary class, but they&#8217;re pretty much the same thing. Made up of toll collectors of every kind &#8212; whose businesses consist mainly of standing between State resources and &#8220;foreign investment&#8221; &#8212; these groups don&#8217;t see the country&#8217;s working and poor majorities as much of a market opportunity. They sell them what they need to get by: food and basic services, as well as junk entertainment and consumer credit, among others. This means neither elite needs a robust local market to live like aristocrats in the tropics.</p><p>The economy grows year after year, at least on paper, while the middle class &#8212; and the opportunities to join it &#8212; keeps shrinking. In India, three out of every four non-agricultural workers remain trapped in the informal economy. As if that weren&#8217;t enough, getting an education has stopped promising the average citizen a better life because the economy has never been able to generate enough well-paying jobs for all the human capital it produces.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/toward-a-new-and-perhaps-better-panamanian?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This opinion is public.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/toward-a-new-and-perhaps-better-panamanian?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/toward-a-new-and-perhaps-better-panamanian?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>In Panama, wage earners, entrepreneurs and small businesses experience the same phenomenon through stagnant incomes, stubbornly low productivity, and persistent indebtedness &#8212; along with the increasingly widespread sense that honest work is for suckers.</p><p>In India, as in Panama, the result is a handful of multimillionaires by regional or even global standards, living alongside millions of families barely scraping by, subsidized by corrupt and inefficient States. Back home, specifically, we have half-empty skyscrapers and a steady flow of capital going to middlemen, while increasingly indebted workers and small businesses, for their troubles, get paltry incomes along with rapidly deteriorating infrastructure.</p><h4>A New Christmas Spirit</h4><p>Giving away toys, food baskets or year-end bonuses, then, no matter how noble, doesn&#8217;t change the fact that only a handful of us, maybe 0.1% of the population, is hoarding so much of its wealth.</p><p>Not illegally &#8212; not all of us, anyway &#8212; and not necessarily maliciously, but certainly systematically.</p><p>In fact, a substantial share of Panama&#8217;s largest fortunes exists because the State exponentially increased the value of the land upon which they&#8217;re built. Furthermore, far too many local landowners are sitting on metaphorical gold mines, and not only do we get to exclude every other Panamanian from using them, we don&#8217;t pay <em>jack</em> for the privilege.</p><p>How many of the country&#8217;s most valuable plots are criminally underused, for example, or simply kept off the market because their owners have absolutely no incentive to put them to productive use? Every day this continues, we impose real costs on the surrounding communities &#8212; a cost we can see in crumbling public roads, like the one leading to El Valle.</p><p>If so much of landowners&#8217; wealth comes from privately capturing the value of a resource whose worth is created largely by the country around it, and by infrastructure built by the State, then taxing that value is an obvious place to start. In that sense, a land value tax (LVT) would essentially amount to a minimum payment for using, or choosing not to use, a Panamanian resource &#8212; our national territory &#8212; to the exclusion of the rest of the country. It&#8217;d be the price of saying &#8220;this piece of the country is mine, and nobody else gets to use it.&#8221;</p><p>A well-designed LVT, moreover, wouldn&#8217;t punish work or productive investment &#8212; precisely what we need more of &#8212; but would instead penalize idle land. The revenue generated would go toward building and maintaining public infrastructure worthy of a country made rich by nature and historical accident, rather than by the work of any particular group of Panamanians.</p><p>This way, the communities surrounding some of our country&#8217;s little pieces of heaven &#8212; including the Caribbean and Pacific Rivieras, the Azuero Peninsula, and the coffee-producing Highlands &#8212; could enjoy a minimum standard of dignity. Basically, an LVT could pay for roads and infrastructure that don&#8217;t pose a mortal danger to ordinary citizens, because <em>somebody</em> has to pay for them, and those of us who&#8217;ve extracted the most value from the country sure as hell aren&#8217;t doing it.</p><p>I therefore propose a new Christmas spirit: one in which, in addition to being grateful for what we have, privileged Panamanians start asking ourselves where all this money actually comes from. Beyond how much of it we earned through our own sweat and sacrifice, it&#8217;s worth asking why the sweat and sacrifice of so many other Panamanians is worth so little &#8212; including, or perhaps especially, that of our own employees.</p><p>Unless there are local corporations I don&#8217;t know about whose fortunes owe nothing to the State, an ever larger share of the country&#8217;s wealth is ending up in the hands of an ever smaller group of locals and foreigners whose interests have nothing to do with a healthy republic.</p><p>And unless we start rewarding production over extraction, and stop confusing charity with justice, we could have a telethon every month and still not compensate the rest of the population for the level of underdevelopment in which our country finds itself &#8212; in large part, thanks to us.</p><p class="button-wrapper" 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href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/toward-a-new-and-perhaps-better-panamanian?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/toward-a-new-and-perhaps-better-panamanian?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[En Panamá, “inversión extranjera” no es lo que tú piensas que es]]></title><description><![CDATA[Otra gran innovaci&#243;n en la prostituci&#243;n de nuestra soberan&#237;a]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/en-panama-inversion-extranjera-no</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/en-panama-inversion-extranjera-no</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 09:21:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:675,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;MERCAN Group construir&#225; su primer desarrollo hotelero en Panam&#225;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="MERCAN Group construir&#225; su primer desarrollo hotelero en Panam&#225;" title="MERCAN Group construir&#225; su primer desarrollo hotelero en Panam&#225;" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWQX!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f2d19f-a694-4175-8634-f5c2685925d1_1200x675.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" 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y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Este fin de semana, el antiguo diario pro-democracia, hoy paqu&#237;n corporativo <em>La Prensa</em> <a href="https://www.prensa.com/economia/panama-suma-inversion-hotelera-de-40-millones-con-la-llegada-de-pullman/">volvi&#243; a enga&#241;ar a sus lectores</a> con el titular &#8220;Panam&#225; suma inversi&#243;n hotelera de $40 millones con la llegada de Pullman&#8221;. Seg&#250;n el art&#237;culo, <em>Mercan Group</em>, una empresa canadiense, compr&#243; el antiguo hotel Sonesta en Obarrio, cerrado desde hace unos seis a&#241;os, pa&#8217; invertir alrededor de $40 millones en su remodelaci&#243;n. El nuevo <em>Pullman Panama Cityaww</em>, cuya apertura est&#225; prevista pa&#8217; 2028, tendr&#225; m&#225;s de 300 habitaciones y suites, restaurantes, bares, salas de reuniones, gimnasio y spa.</p><p>Tan hotelera es la inversi&#243;n que hasta Gloria De Le&#243;n, administradora de la <em>Autoridad de Turismo de Panam&#225;</em> (ATP), estuvo presente en el anuncio junto a representantes de <em>Mercan</em> y el Ministerio de Comercio e Industrias (MICI), entre otros. En el art&#237;culo, De Le&#243;n anuncia que la ocupaci&#243;n hotelera capitalina rond&#243; el 70% en julio, que la llegada de visitantes ha aumentado alrededor de 17% y que Panam&#225; contin&#250;a recibiendo congresos y convenciones.</p><p><em>&#161;Oyesoooooo!</em></p><p>El problema, sin embargo, es que lo &#250;nico que tiene este negocio de &#8220;tur&#237;stico&#8221; es la envoltura. <em>Mercan</em>, pa&#8217; que t&#250; sepa&#8217;<em>, </em>no es una empresa hotelera como la conocemos, sino una multinacional que se especializa en <em>investment migration</em>: conseguirle otra residencia a gente con buco plata que alg&#250;n d&#237;a podr&#237;an necesitar un Plan B, a cambio de que invierta en ciertos activos.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pa&#8217; que te llegue al inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Como de a vaina menciona la nota, de los 306 cuartos que tendr&#225; el supuesto hotel, solamente 180 ser&#225;n habitaciones tradicionales. Las otras 126 ser&#225;n suites ejecutivas privadas bajo r&#233;gimen de propiedad horizontal &#8212; es decir, apartamentos <em>high-end</em> &#8212; <a href="https://bestcitizens.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Mercan-Group-Panama-Presentation_compressed.pdf">que </a><em><a href="https://bestcitizens.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Mercan-Group-Panama-Presentation_compressed.pdf">Mercan</a></em><a href="https://bestcitizens.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Mercan-Group-Panama-Presentation_compressed.pdf"> ya promociona en el extranjero</a> como inversiones aptas pa&#8217; conseguir residencia permanente paname&#241;a.</p><p><em>&#191;Y por cu&#225;nto se vende semejante activo?</em></p><p>Por $324,000, y da la casualidad que $300,000 es el monto m&#237;nimo que el Programa de Inversionista Calificado exige invertir en bienes ra&#237;ces. Por la compra de una suite del Pullman, <a href="https://mici.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/INVERSIONISTA-CALIFICADO-4-.pdf">el Estado paname&#241;o te da residencia permanente</a> y <em>Mercan</em> te administra la propiedad como parte del hotel.</p><p>De hecho, <a href="https://bestcitizens.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Mercan-Group-Panama-Presentation_compressed.pdf">si </a><em><a href="https://bestcitizens.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Mercan-Group-Panama-Presentation_compressed.pdf">Mercan</a></em><a href="https://bestcitizens.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Mercan-Group-Panama-Presentation_compressed.pdf"> vendiera las 126 suites</a> a este precio m&#237;nimo, las ventas equivaldr&#237;an a m&#225;s de $40 millones: lo mismo que, seg&#250;n <em>La Prensa</em>, la compa&#241;&#237;a invertir&#225; en remodelar el hotel. En pocas palabras, na&#8217;m&#225;s con las preventas ya tienes potencialmente la supuesta &#8220;inversi&#243;n extranjera&#8221;. </p><p><em>&#191;Qui&#233;n, entonces, ta poniendo esos $40 millones realmente?</em></p><p>Pero no esperes que ning&#250;n &#8220;periodista&#8221; del paqu&#237;n haga esa pregunta. Al final del d&#237;a, lo que tanto <em>La Prensa</em> como el Gobierno de <em>Mulinelli</em> est&#225;n vendiendo como inversi&#243;n tur&#237;stica nueva no es m&#225;s que otra vil rosca inmobiliaria con la que la mancuerna Capac-Suntracs se seguir&#225; enriqueciendo de la teta estatal. Peor a&#250;n, es otra manera en que nuestra soberan&#237;a se prostituye pa&#8217; enriquecer a los mismos constructores, banqueros y abogados que, obviamente, viven completamente aislados de la podredumbre que causa su negocio de mierda. </p><h4><em>Pimpin&#8217; Panama</em></h4><p>El Programa de Residencia Permanente en calidad de Inversionista Calificado (QIP, por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s) fue creado <a href="https://propanama.gob.pa/residente-con-calidad-de-inversionista-calificado/">por el gobierno de Nito Cortizo en octubre de 2020</a>, en plena pandemia, supuestamente pa&#8217; atraer capital de afuera y ayudar a reactivar la econom&#237;a. La propuesta al extranjero era sencilla: a cambio de mantener durante al menos cinco a&#241;os una inversi&#243;n m&#237;nima en determinados activos &#8220;paname&#241;os&#8221;, el Estado te conced&#237;a la residencia permanente.</p><p>&#191;Y qu&#233; inversiones consider&#243; el <em>Gobiernito</em> dignas de semejante premio?</p><p>Como el Sector Bancario Nacional (SBN) y la plataforma de &#8220;servicios internacionales&#8221; nunca se van sin su <em>cut</em>, se pod&#237;a hacer mediante un dep&#243;sito a plazo fijo en un banco local &#8212; pa&#8217; que &#233;ste seguramente <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-3?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">lo preste como cr&#233;dito de consumo</a>, endeudando a&#250;n m&#225;s al paname&#241;o &#8212; o por la compra de valores elegibles. No obstante, esto te costar&#237;a $750,000 y $500,000, respectivamente, mientras que por invertir en bienes ra&#237;ces, con $300,000 <em>capaz y &#8216;tabas cool</em>.</p><p>Es m&#225;s, originalmente, el requisito m&#237;nimo pa&#8217; <em>rilejtei</em> era medio mill&#243;n, pero lo rebajaron &#8220;temporalmente&#8221; a $300,000. La econom&#237;a acababa de colapsar y, como explic&#243; el <em>Gobiernito</em>, uno de los prop&#243;sitos del nuevo r&#233;gimen era &#8220;dinamizar&#8221; los sectores inmobiliario y de la construcci&#243;n. En pocas palabras, el Estado paname&#241;o decidi&#243; utilizar lo que s&#243;lo &#233;l puede conceder &#8212; residencia permanente en la Rep&#250;blica de Panam&#225; &#8212; como incentivo pa&#8217; ayudar a vender desarrollo inmobiliario con cero valor social.</p><p>Todo esto se dio, como siempre, de la mano de nuestra mafia inmobiliaria. Cuando el entonces ministro consejero pa&#8217; la Facilitaci&#243;n de la Inversi&#243;n Privada fue a personalmente pedirle el vistobueno a la Junta Directiva de la Capac, el mismo reconoci&#243; la dif&#237;cil situaci&#243;n que atravesaba la construcci&#243;n con la &#8220;gran cantidad de bienes inmuebles&#8221; que hab&#237;a disponible.</p><p><em>&#191;Pero por qu&#233; carajo hab&#237;a tanto inventario sin vender en primera instancia?</em></p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;7c6a94f4-0815-452e-8149-8a3fe3c5f77a&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;En vista de lo ocurrido en el pa&#237;s en los &#250;ltimos d&#237;as, me parece apropiado re-publicar este ensayo sobre el tema, del 11 de febrero de 2024. Al ser uno de mis primeros, &#8216;ta medio largo, pero conf&#237;o que al terminar de leerlo entender&#225;s mejor la situaci&#243;n actual.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;[RE-PUB] El Suntracs secuestr&#243; al pa&#237;s buen rato, pero &#191;qu&#233; nos ha hecho la Capac?&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-02-15T09:20:52.029Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sep!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd3ae60c-91aa-492b-8649-82290a9cc405_855x481.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/re-pub-el-suntracs-secuestro-al-pais&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:157176154,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Dos a&#241;os despu&#233;s, cuando la rebaja temporal estaba por expirar, el <em>Gobiernito</em> decide extenderla hasta 2024. Nada menos que el entonces Vicepresidente de la Rep&#250;blica, Gaby Carrizo &#8212; hoy bajo arresto domiciliario mientras enfrenta un proceso por presunto enriquecimiento injustificado &#8212; <a href="https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2024/10/30140_B/108056.pdf">lo anuncia en </a><em><a href="https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2024/10/30140_B/108056.pdf">Expo H&#225;bitat</a></em>, la feria anual en que la Capac vende su producto <em>full</em> subsidiado por el Estado, a clientes m&#225;s que nada internacionales. En las palabras del mismo vice, el gobierno mantendr&#237;a el beneficio &#8220;a fin de seguir fortaleciendo al sector de la construcci&#243;n&#8221;.</p><p>Por cierto, si Gaby o cualquiera de la plaga del <em>Gobiernito</em> hoy detenida termina eventualmente pagando por su corrupci&#243;n, belleza, pero no ser&#237;a m&#225;s que justicia selectiva, especialmente viniendo de la actual administraci&#243;n &#8212; al mando del dedazo de <em>Mussolini</em>, probablemente el <em>GOAT</em> de la corrupci&#243;n paname&#241;a a nivel mundial.</p><p>Desde que tengo uso de raz&#243;n, son los pol&#237;ticos y altos funcionarios de nuestro Estado, manzanillos como Gaby Carrizo, quienes <em>le hacen los manda&#8217;os</em> a los intereses privados que realmente mandan en Panam&#225;: la mancuerna Capac-Suntracs, las multinacionales que explotan nuestros activos estatales m&#225;s valiosos y las empresas  que interceden por ellos ante el Estado y la ciudadan&#237;a &#8212; y lo &#250;nico que han pedido a cambio es que los dejen robar en paz mientras est&#225;n en el poder.</p><p>Espero no te hayas sorprendido, entonces, que cuando finalmente expirar&#237;a este chanchullo oficializado, en 2024, <a href="https://mici.gob.pa/2025/01/23/panama-refuerza-su-atractivo-para-inversionistas-extranjeros-con-nuevas-modificaciones-al-programa-de-inversionista-calificado/amp/">la cleptocracia entrante de </a><em><a href="https://mici.gob.pa/2025/01/23/panama-refuerza-su-atractivo-para-inversionistas-extranjeros-con-nuevas-modificaciones-al-programa-de-inversionista-calificado/amp/">Mulinelli</a></em> no solamente lo mantuvo, sino que lo dej&#243; permanentemente en $300,000.</p><p>Como si fuera poco, el r&#233;gimen del QIP permite obtener la residencia mediante la <em>promesa</em> de compra de un inmueble que todav&#237;a no ha sido construido, segregado o inscrito en el Registro P&#250;blico. Es decir, el Gobierno Nacional no solamente utiliza la residencia permanente como gancho pa&#8217; estimular la compra de propiedades privadas, sino hasta pa&#8217; financiar sus preventas.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/en-panama-inversion-extranjera-no?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#191;Conoces a alguien que le interesar&#237;a?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/en-panama-inversion-extranjera-no?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/en-panama-inversion-extranjera-no?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>Lo que tenemos aqu&#237;, b&#225;sicamente, es todo el poder del Estado paname&#241;o, no s&#243;lo fiscal sino hasta migratorio, detr&#225;s de un particular sector, pa&#8217; seguir enriqueciendo a gente que lo &#250;nico que hace es poner ladrillo y firmar papeles. S&#243;lo entre julio de 2025 y junio de 2026, el MICI emiti&#243; 268 certificados de Inversionista Calificado por unos $113.6 millones. <a href="https://mici.gob.pa/2026/07/10/programa-de-inversionista-calificado-acelera-su-crecimiento-y-atrae-mas-inversion-al-pais/amp/">De &#233;stos, 87.3% fueron por inversiones inmobiliarias</a>.</p><p><em>&#191;Hasta cu&#225;ndo vamos a seguir subsidi&#225;ndole la vida de magnates a estos </em>HPs<em>, especialmente cuando el pa&#237;s literal est&#225; quebrando frente a nuestros ojos?</em></p><h4>La patria en venta</h4><p>No es por nada que digo que todas las administraciones desde la invasi&#243;n han movido cielo, mar y tierra pa&#8217; garantizarle jugosos ingresos a los constructores, desarrolladores y terratenientes del patio. Encima de darle residencia permanente a cualquier extranjero con suficiente plata pa&#8217; comprarla, oficiales y funcionarios p&#250;blicos literal salen a buscarle clientes a la mancuerna.</p><p>En 2023, por ejemplo, se aliaron con la Asociaci&#243;n Paname&#241;a de Corredores y Promotores de Bienes Ra&#237;ces (ACOBIR) pa&#8217;, seg&#250;n la propia instituci&#243;n, &#8220;dinamizar el mercado inmobiliario&#8221; mediante los reg&#237;menes de migraci&#243;n por inversi&#243;n, entre otros. Pa&#8217; cumplir este cometido, <a href="https://www.acobir.com/news/panama-beautiful/">ACOBIR reuni&#243; a m&#225;s de 100 corredores gringos</a> con promotores criollos en el evento &#8220;<em>Panama Beautiful</em>&#8221;, organizado en parte por PROPANAM&#193;: la agencia estatal encargada precisamente de promover la inversi&#243;n privada en el patio.</p><p>En pocas palabras, &#8216;tamos usando los limitad&#237;simos recursos del Estado pa&#8217; conseguirle compradores internacionales a empresas privadas.</p><p>La actual administraci&#243;n, por su parte, ha seguido con el despilfarro. En mayo del a&#241;o pasado, <a href="https://mici.gob.pa/2025/05/28/firma-global-mercan-group-explora-oportunidades-de-inversion-en-panama-bajo-el-programa-de-inversionista-calificado/amp/">funcionarios del MICI viajaron a Dub&#225;i </a>a promocionar &#8220;nuestro&#8221; QIP. Posteriormente, el MICI firm&#243; un acuerdo con <em>Mercan</em> pa&#8217; mercadearlo mediante su red global de agentes.</p><p>Hoy d&#237;a, la misma multinacional que el Estado paname&#241;o utiliza pa&#8217; conseguir inversionistas tiene dos proyectos dise&#241;ados precisamente pa&#8217; vend&#233;rselos a ellos: las 126 suites del Pullman, y <a href="https://corprensa-la-prensa-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/economia/panama-suma-inversion-hotelera-de-40-millones-con-la-llegada-de-pullman/">m&#225;s de 200 apartamentos en Santa Mar&#237;a</a> &#8212; que, esos s&#237;, de tur&#237;sticos no tienen un carajo. Casualmente, hace unos d&#237;as el propio vicepresidente de <em>Mercan</em> dijo expl&#237;citamente <a href="https://mici.gob.pa/2026/08/24/grupo-internacional-consolida-nuevas-inversiones-y-proyectos-en-panama/amp/">lo que </a><em><a href="https://mici.gob.pa/2026/08/24/grupo-internacional-consolida-nuevas-inversiones-y-proyectos-en-panama/amp/">La Prensa</a></em><a href="https://mici.gob.pa/2026/08/24/grupo-internacional-consolida-nuevas-inversiones-y-proyectos-en-panama/amp/"> nunca le explic&#243; al lector</a>: el r&#233;gimen de Inversionista Calificado &#8220;sirve de soporte a <em>Mercan Group</em> para hacer esta inversi&#243;n&#8221;.</p><p>Es una tragedia, pero no hay mejor negocio en Panam&#225; que <em>vender patria</em>.</p><h4>Esto no es desarrollo, y lo pagaremos con nuestra democracia</h4><p>Obviamente, ofrecer residencia permanente a extranjeros no es corrupto por naturaleza. Pa&#237;ses alrededor del mundo utilizan su pol&#237;tica migratoria pa&#8217; atraer a gente que necesitan &#8212; como bien pudimos ver durante el Mundial. Un QIP enfocado en traer emprendedores, ingenieros, cient&#237;ficos o empresas que aporten tecnolog&#237;a y capaciten trabajadores paname&#241;os me parecer&#237;a una fenomenal idea.</p><p>Es m&#225;s, podr&#237;amos ofrecerle residencia permanente a cientos de maestros altamente calificados que vengan a ense&#241;ar en nuestras escuelas, algo que le dar&#237;a esperanzas a cientos de miles de j&#243;venes paname&#241;os actualmente ech&#225;ndose a perder en manos del Ministerio de Educaci&#243;n.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;fe64dbba-5cdb-4a96-8bac-d019ceb9526a&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;En vista de la reciente decisi&#243;n del Estado paname&#241;o de retirar al pa&#237;s de las pruebas de PISA y de, hist&#243;ricamente, usar la Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chriqu&#237; (Unachi), entre otras agencias estatales, como \&quot;dep&#243;sito de botellas\&quot;, estoy re-publicando esta entrega de febrero. Por m&#225;s que sean un \&quot;esc&#225;ndalo\&quot;, ambas noticias tienen todo el sentido del mundo s&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;[Re-pub] Cuando la educaci&#243;n de calidad, y la calidad de vida, no encajan en tu modelo socioecon&#243;mico&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2024-10-15T10:20:01.157Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IXdJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa12d13b6-cd2f-4271-98bd-1f48a35299cc_630x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/re-pub-cuando-la-educacion-de-calidad&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:150243928,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Pero d&#225;rselas a cualquier millonario que busque chifiar impuestos en su pa&#237;s, na&#8217;m&#225;s pa&#8217; que los capos de la CAPAC puedan seguir viviendo como reyes construyendo viviendas que ning&#250;n paname&#241;o quiere ni necesita, es una pol&#237;tica tan obscena que es dif&#237;cil creer que, hasta el sol de hoy, siga vigente.</p><p>Si fu&#233;semos Malta &#8212; una peque&#241;a rep&#250;blica insular europea que durante a&#241;os hizo japai otorg&#225;ndole ciudadan&#237;a a extranjeros ricos a cambio de &#8220;inversiones&#8221; &#8212; capaz entender&#237;a por qu&#233; rebajarnos a ese negocio. Es m&#225;s, en 2025, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Uni&#243;n Europea declar&#243; ilegal <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/site/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-04/cp250052es.pdf">el programa malt&#233;s de ciudadan&#237;a por inversi&#243;n</a>, precisamente porque convert&#237;a la ciudadan&#237;a europea en mera transacci&#243;n comercial.</p><p>Los paname&#241;os, sin embargo, no tienen por qu&#233; calarse m&#225;s una rosca socialmente t&#243;xica que cada vez les quita m&#225;s calidad de vida, no s&#243;lo en espacio que no tienen pa&#8217; vivir, sino mediante una democracia que simplemente no les responde.</p><p>Tenemos el Canal, puertos en dos oc&#233;anos y una de las posiciones geogr&#225;ficas m&#225;s valiosas del planeta: nuestro problema nunca ha sido falta de fuentes de riqueza. M&#225;s bien, es que los ingresos de casi todos los activos del Estado, incluyendo su QIP, se los quedan los grande grupos corporativos que han logrado que la cleptocracia de turno escriba las reglas del juego a su favor.</p><p>A menos que pongamos fin a este saqueo, seguiremos viendo como un par de intermediarios extraen todo el valor de nuestro pedacito de istmo centroamericano, mientras terminan de ahogar la poca democracia que nos queda.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/en-panama-inversion-extranjera-no/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/en-panama-inversion-extranjera-no/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/en-panama-inversion-extranjera-no?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/en-panama-inversion-extranjera-no?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Racism Is NOT a Problem in Panama]]></title><description><![CDATA[The greatest trick rich people ever pulled was convincing poor people that the bad guys were poor people of another race/religion/gender/etc.]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/racism-is-not-a-problem-in-panama</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/racism-is-not-a-problem-in-panama</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2026 09:20:37 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/el-racismo-no-es-un-problema-en-panama?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Versi&#243;n original</a></em>.</p><p>The <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/el-racismo-no-es-un-problema-en-panama?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">original version</a> of this essay was published December 12, 2025, under the title &#8220;<em>El racismo NO es un problema en Panam&#225;.</em>&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>Journalism is printing what someone else does not want printed; everything else is public relations.</em>
- (apparently not) George Orwell</pre></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg" width="780" height="520" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:520,&quot;width&quot;:780,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ni&#241;os afrodescendientes entre el hambre, la violencia y el racismo en Panam&#225;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Ni&#241;os afrodescendientes entre el hambre, la violencia y el racismo en Panam&#225;" title="Ni&#241;os afrodescendientes entre el hambre, la violencia y el racismo en Panam&#225;" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ya_g!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10b6a192-c55d-49da-a708-04be1771dfc7_780x520.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I&#8217;ve written several times about just how irrational we sapiens can be. One particularly good example is the American Civil War, which was, actually, an unsuccessful attempt at secession.</p><p>Following the victory of abolitionist Abraham Lincoln in 1860, the leaders of the Southern or &#8220;Confederate&#8221; states &#8212; landowners who dominated an agrarian economy whose profitability depended on slavery &#8212; saw their way of life facing an existential threat. The economy of the Northern or &#8220;Union&#8221; states, where Lincoln came from, was considerably more industrialized: not only was it far more productive, it didn&#8217;t depend on forced labor.</p><p>Slavery is, first and foremost, a socioeconomic phenomenon. It has been part of human history practically from the beginning, and slaves themselves have come in every color, creed, and gender. Race, however, played a fundamental role in American slavery &#8212; and, to a lesser extent, in the Ibero-American version. Ultimately, most slaveholders considered themselves good Christians, so they somehow had to justify their barbarism. A racial hierarchy with black people at the very bottom worked pretty well for them.</p><p>But this hierarchy was also enormously harmful to most Southern whites, who were, and this is key, dirt poor. With black slaves beneath them to kick around, ordinary white men who depended on their labor to survive &#8212; known derisively as &#8220;white trash&#8221; &#8212; could at least feel like they weren&#8217;t the biggest losers. Either way, because the region&#8217;s most valuable capital was concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy families, white workers&#8217; prospects for climbing up the social ladder were dismal.</p><p>In fact, the institution of slavery suppressed the incomes of <em>all</em> wage earners in the U.S. South, since slaves didn&#8217;t have to be paid anything. To make matters worse, it was mostly poor whites who fought and died for the Confederacy in the Civil War &#8212; not the slave-owning landowners or their families.</p><p>For all practical purposes, the rebel cause allowed the rich who controlled the region &#8212; one of the most tyrannical societies of all time, at least in this hemisphere &#8212; to continue living like royalty on the backs of their Black slaves <em>and</em> their white employees, who barely survived on their meager wages.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Want <em>Versi&#243;n Criolla</em> in your inbox?</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Episodes in which members of a particular group are willing to give up even their lives for the very people exploiting them start to make sense once you understand how &#8212; and for what &#8212; human beings evolved. For the vast majority of our time on Earth, we organized ourselves into bands that competed with other bands for the resources of a given area. Probably never encompassing much more than a handful of related clans, these groups were fundamentally organized around kinship, or blood ties.</p><p>Like many of the mental shortcuts (heuristics) we developed to simplify an enormously complex social world, we humans are remarkably sensitive to cues of similarity. Physical resemblance, for example, acts as a cue for kinship and can even affect whom we instinctively trust. Traits that are immediately perceptible &#8212; skin, eye and hair color, facial features, language, accent, etc. &#8212; therefore give our brains an extraordinarily cheap way of sorting people into those who&#8217;re on our team, and those who aren&#8217;t.</p><p><em>Even when it gives us the wrong answer.</em></p><p>Today, these &#8220;models&#8221; inside our minds of how the world works are often counterproductive. They frequently make us see enemies where there are none and, worse still, allies who end up becoming our executioners. Even for the very group we&#8217;re supposedly trying to uplift, reducing the world to race, gender, or religion can be catastrophic.</p><p>Just so we&#8217;re clear, racism is alive and well in Panama, and part of the damage it causes consists of opportunities denied to a <em>shitton</em> of honest, hardworking citizens. Nevertheless, in relative terms &#8212; especially compared with the damage caused by the obscene economic inequality that defines the country &#8212; racism is neither an urgent nor a structural problem, much less does it threaten Panama&#8217;s viability as a republic in the way its current rules of the game do.</p><p>Moreover, when attention is an extremely scarce resource, injecting racism into the &#8220;public debate&#8221; &#8212; assuming such a thing even exists anymore &#8212; only obscures the problems that actually impoverish most Panamanians, regardless of their skin color.</p><p>The greatest threat we face as a nation, far above all others, is that the overwhelming share of the wealth generated by the country&#8217;s most valuable economic assets is, by design, captured by a relatively small group of local and foreign companies &#8212; whose owners are white, black, mestizo and Chinese; Christian, Jewish, Muslim, and &#8220;communist&#8221;; men and women; gay and straight &#8212; instead of flowing through political institutions genuinely representative of the Panamanian population, as only Canal revenues do.</p><p><em>Except for the &#8220;genuinely representative&#8221; part.</em></p><p>Rather than investing that money in local human capital &#8212; by far our country&#8217;s greatest weakness &#8212; the owners and senior executives of these companies use the wealth they extract from Panama to live like the founders of <em>Fortune 500</em> companies when, in reality, they haven&#8217;t done squat without the explicit backing of the State.</p><h4>Identity and Its Influence Over Us</h4><p>Although humans are wired this way, when we direct our (mostly justified) outrage according to superficial traits, we often end up siding with the very people who hurt us, simply because they look, talk, or pray like us.</p><p>In Panama, the prototypical case is Congressman Jairo &#8220;Bolota&#8221; Salazar. A black man from Colon representing &#8220;the people&#8221;, this fiend is probably one of the worst enemies of anyone trying to make an honest living in his province &#8212; whatever their skin color. While Colon has spent several generations rotting from the inside, with rampant unemployment and so many of its young people condemned to a life of gang violence (or prison), Bolota, <em>Afro-Panamanian through and through</em>, is doing awfully well for himself.</p><p>And although I have absolutely no doubt that he, too, has been a victim of racism, tragically, that makes far too many people of his race see him as someone who shares their interests.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg" width="1200" height="1239" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1239,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bolota, es el que m&#225;s millones recibi&#243;. Vive como rico &#191;Qu&#233; ha hecho tanta plata?&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bolota, es el que m&#225;s millones recibi&#243;. Vive como rico &#191;Qu&#233; ha hecho tanta plata?" title="Bolota, es el que m&#225;s millones recibi&#243;. Vive como rico &#191;Qu&#233; ha hecho tanta plata?" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_vVb!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b433395-260e-4bc3-a43f-7b5229deea11_1200x1239.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>But what the hell has Bolota actually done to improve the lives of his so-called people, black or otherwise?</em></p><p>At the end of the day, the money flowing into the province comes through its ports, free-trade zones, and strategic land, including all parcels surrounding the Canal. None of this, to be clear, was produced by any Panamanian, and yet there are several families in Colon worth tens of millions.</p><p>The reason, as with anything that makes money in Panama, is dirty politics. From the laws that hand over national assets to whichever multinationals manage to corrupt the most elected officials &#8212; regards to <em>Odebrecht</em> and <em>Hutchison Ports</em>! &#8212; to the legislation establishing &#8220;special regimes&#8221; for, among others, the Colon Free Zone (ZLC), it&#8217;s politicians like Bolota, of every race and both genders, who quite literally codify our country&#8217;s merciless exploitation.</p><p>This bias, by the way, is hardly unique to Panama. I still remember the near-fanaticism surrounding Barack Obama&#8217;s candidacy in 2008, driven above all by the fact that he would become the first African American to lead the world&#8217;s sole superpower. Undoubtedly a figure of enormous symbolic importance &#8212; nothing like Bolota, just so we&#8217;re clear &#8212; Obama inherited a country, and a global economy, teetering on the brink of collapse.</p><p>However, when presented with a once-in-a-generation opportunity to thoroughly reform a financial industry that, thanks to U.S. laws, had mutated into a monster <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIOLWBD_g1o">&#8220;too big to fail&#8221;</a> &#8212; and that, at the time, had the entire civilized world a couple of bad decisions away from a Second Great Depression &#8212; Obama recapitalized not the citizens who had lost everything, but the banks responsible for the debacle.</p><p>Nor was the Wall Street casino meaningfully reformed, or communities protected from the tsunami of foreclosures that everyone could already see coming.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg" width="1456" height="1090" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1090,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!51dU!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93ae99b8-8013-4e05-bdb0-d60b810679fe_1886x1412.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In what must have felt like a particularly absurd irony, once the mortgage crisis spilled over into the <a href="https://crr.bc.edu/subprime-crisis-lingers-for-minorities/">foreclosure crisis</a> and then the Great Recession, it was precisely the members of these communities &#8212; including African Americans &#8212; who lost the greatest share of their wealth. As &#8220;represented&#8221; as they may have felt, plenty of the people who voted for Obama ended up significantly poorer, just as Bolota&#8217;s voters ever since that POS entered politics.</p><p><em>Barry O.</em>, incidentally, now &#8220;summers&#8221; in his Martha&#8217;s Vineyard mansion, in one of the fanciest enclaves in the United States.</p><p><em>He good</em>.</p><h4>It&#8217;s Not Racism, It&#8217;s the Economic Model</h4><p>Which brings me to <a href="https://www.prensa.com/sociedad/ninos-afrodescendientes-entre-el-hambre-la-violencia-y-el-racismo-en-panama/">Monday&#8217;s front page</a> of Panama&#8217;s premier daily, <em>La Prensa</em>: &#8220;Afro-descendant Children Caught Between Hunger, Violence and Racism in Panama.&#8221; Despite the completely unnecessary racial angle, the article describes a situation as Panamanian as the <em>sancocho</em>: children who have to spend hours hauling water, teenagers forced to drop out of school because they can&#8217;t afford the bus fare, the absence of every imaginable kind of security &#8212; food, physical, and social &#8212; and the rest of the economic rot we see throughout the whole country.</p><p>All of this is happening, and it&#8217;s unacceptable. But it has very little to do with the color of these citizens&#8217; skin, and almost everything to do with the laws that make our so-called international services platform possible.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;e455c0fd-f946-4645-a137-14b0edbddba0&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;You Need to Know Who&#8217;s Actually Screwing You&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-21T09:20:56.458Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C56l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc6cb975-cf2c-4e9a-8cf8-52dbace439f4_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/you-need-to-know-whos-actually-screwing&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:191616977,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:3,&quot;comment_count&quot;:2,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Basically, talking about racism in Panama is like your oncologist ignoring test results showing you have cancer spreading all over your body, while spending the entire appointment warning you about the dangers of excessively dry skin and trying to sell you essential oils.</p><p>In that sense, it&#8217;s worth taking at least a slightly more critical look at the messenger. Because, as it turns out, the companies exploiting Colon&#8217;s ports, Free Zone, and logistics industry also advertise heavily in <em>La Prensa</em>, including in its &#8220;Branded Content&#8221; section: advertising written to look like journalism.</p><p>With &#8220;articles&#8221; like <a href="https://www.prensa.com/contenido-de-marcas/el-ferrocarril-que-sostiene-el-pulso-logistico-de-panama/">&#8220;The Railroad That Keeps Panama&#8217;s Logistics Pulse Beating&#8221;</a> and op-eds titled <a href="https://www.prensa.com/opinion/la-zona-libre-de-colon-motor-comercial-de-panama/">&#8220;The Colon Free Zone: Panama&#8217;s Commercial Engine,&#8221;</a> these pages celebrate &#8220;investment,&#8221; extol the supposed competitiveness of the model and, more generally, try to cover up what amounts to an insult to every Panamanian, no matter their race.</p><p><em>For some reason, however, none of this is ever connected to the life outcomes we see not just in Colon, but in pretty much every province.</em></p><p>At the very least, Panama&#8217;s media have a grotesque conflict of interest when it comes to explaining the mechanism that keeps us permanently stuck in mediocrity. And the owners of <em>La Prensa</em>, like those of other local outlets, also benefit considerably from the status quo legislated by Bolota and the rest of the rat&#8217;s nest known as the National Assembly &#8212; never mind that this status quo is what allows their sponsors to pay to fill &#8220;Panama&#8217;s Newspaper&#8221; with corporate slop.</p><p>Black Panamanians, therefore, aren&#8217;t getting screwed by racism &#8212; just as Panamanian women aren&#8217;t getting screwed by misogyny, nor Panama&#8217;s gay community by homophobia. What&#8217;s screwing them, more than anything else, are the private companies that systematically extract money from State assets, only to blow it on increasingly unhinged &#8212; and increasingly tasteless &#8212; conspicuous consumption.</p><p>So if you <em>absolutely</em> have to self-segregate, do it according to this question: other than the roof over your head &#8212; assuming you even own that &#8212; do you have any asset from which to extract rents? Real estate, industrial capital, financial instruments, custom-fit national laws, or something along those lines?</p><p>If the answer is no, then you belong to the vast majority of Panamanians whose lives will continue to be defined by precarity and the constant stress of never having enough money. In other words, most wage earners, entrepreneurs, and small-business owners.</p><p>Politically, you&#8217;re much better off forgetting about your skin color, creed, or sexual orientation. If you don&#8217;t own any capital, you&#8217;ll have to depend exclusively on your daily labor to put food on the table &#8212; which, by Panamanian law, will get you less and less every day.</p><p>Afro-descendant or not, you&#8217;d better organize accordingly.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/racism-is-not-a-problem-in-panama/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/racism-is-not-a-problem-in-panama/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/racism-is-not-a-problem-in-panama?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/racism-is-not-a-problem-in-panama?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[¿Qué hace la juventud cuando pierde la esperanza?]]></title><description><![CDATA[De estatus social, violencia y lo que significa ser hombre]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/que-hace-la-juventud-cuando-pierde</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/que-hace-la-juventud-cuando-pierde</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:21:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBhA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb5b1e52-4489-413a-946e-f92a8f2901f4_866x1030.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>Esto se acab&#243;, vida
La ilusi&#243;n se fue, vieja
El tiempo es mi enemigo
Porque pa' vivir con miedo
Prefiero morir sonriendo
Con el recuerdo vivo</em>
- Ruben Blades, "Ad&#225;n Garc&#237;a" (1992)</pre></div><div><hr></div><p>A principios de este mes sali&#243; uno de esos art&#237;culos que si piensas, como yo, que la sociedad paname&#241;a se est&#225; pudriendo frente a nuestros ojos, funcionan como evidencia incontrovertible, lastimosamente.</p><p><em>Exhibit A</em>, como dir&#237;an los gringos. </p><p><a href="https://www.prensa.com/sociedad/suicidios-en-panama-615-muertes-en-cinco-anos-87-de-las-victimas-eran-hombres/">Seg&#250;n el diario </a><em><a href="https://www.prensa.com/sociedad/suicidios-en-panama-615-muertes-en-cinco-anos-87-de-las-victimas-eran-hombres/">La Prensa</a></em>, entre 2020 y 2024, &#8220;los suicidios aumentaron 73%, al pasar de 93 casos en 2020 a 161 en 2024, el registro m&#225;s alto del periodo analizado&#8221;. Todav&#237;a m&#225;s desconcertante, la enorme mayor&#237;a de las v&#237;ctimas han sido hombres. Por m&#225;s que, como bien reitera el art&#237;culo, el suicidio es un fen&#243;meno multifactorial y bastante complejo, creo que no es exageraci&#243;n decir que semejante alza en tan poco tiempo es <em>otra se&#241;al m&#225;s</em> que vamos por el camino a la perdici&#243;n, a&#250;n cuando las cifras econ&#243;micas del pa&#237;s sugieren &#8220;crecimiento&#8221; &#8212; y <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DcGpHPalg5w/?img_index=6">las utilidades de los grandes grupos corporativos</a> sugieren &#8220;los a&#241;os locos&#8221;.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pa&#8217; que te llegue directo al inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Tan impactante como las estad&#237;sticas, sin embargo, fue el paup&#233;rrimo trato period&#237;stico que se le dio a la historia. De todas las posibilidades que mencion&#243; el art&#237;culo pa&#8217; explicar tan macabra tendencia, <em>La Prensa</em> resalt&#243; probablemente la menos convincente de todas: la manera en que nuestra sociedad cr&#237;a a los hombres.</p><p>Seg&#250;n la psic&#243;loga consultada por el diario, muchos hombres crecen escuchando que deben ser fuertes, resolver sus problemas solos y evitar expresar emociones que puedan interpretarse como se&#241;ales de vulnerabilidad. Como admitir depresi&#243;n o ansiedad puede percibirse como debilidad, los hombres buscan menos ayuda profesional y sus problemas de salud mental muchas veces pasan desapercibidos.</p><p>El problema con la explicaci&#243;n cultural, por m&#225;s que todo lo que dijo la psic&#243;loga puede ser verda&#8217;, es que las normas culturales &#8212; en este caso, las de masculinidad &#8212; cambian lentamente, si acaso de generaci&#243;n en generaci&#243;n.</p><p><em>Es decir, no se transforman 73% en cuatro a&#241;os.</em></p><p>Pero como el diario m&#225;s importante de Panam&#225; se ha vuelto <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-7-1-de">un paqu&#237;n corporativo</a>, ya no podemos esperar que sus &#8220;periodistas&#8221; hagan si quiera preguntas de seguimiento. Como si fuera poco, <em>La Prensa</em> escribe de la gran discrepancia sexual en cuanto a las vidas que cobra el suicidio como si fuera un enigma. El resultado es un art&#237;culo mediocre que, adem&#225;s de enga&#241;oso, sugiere est&#250;pidamente que parte del problema, m&#225;s all&#225; de que &#8220;los hombres no saben pedir ayuda&#8221;, es que no hay suficientes especialistas de salud mental en Panam&#225; &#8212; como si la vida del paname&#241;o promedio, al menos en la &#250;ltima d&#233;cada, no se ha vuelto progresivamente m&#225;s jodida, precaria y desilusionante.</p><h4>Las diferencias sexuales no s&#243;lo existen &#8212; importan<em> buco</em></h4><p>El psic&#243;logo evolutivo Steve Stewart-Williams del Substack &#8220;<em>Nature-Nurture-Nietzsche</em>&#8221;, y autor del reciente libro <em><a href="https://swiftpress.com/book/a-billion-years-of-sex-differences/">A Billion Years of Sex Differences</a></em>, explica que los hombres y las mujeres son el producto de presiones evolutivas parcialmente distintas que van much&#237;simo m&#225;s all&#225; de nuestro tiempo como Homo sapiens. Una de las diferencias sexuales <em>conductuales</em> m&#225;s robustas que conocemos cient&#237;ficamente es que, en promedio, los hombres <a href="https://www.stevestewartwilliams.com/p/why-men-are-more-aggressive">recurren much&#237;simo m&#225;s seguido a la agresi&#243;n f&#237;sica</a> y, mientras m&#225;s extrema la violencia, mayor tiende a ser esta diferencia. Los hombres no solamente nos partimos la cara m&#225;s a menudo que las mujeres &#8212; hasta por diversi&#243;n &#8212; sino que matamos en n&#250;meros mucho m&#225;s elevados, tanto a otros hombres (y mujeres) como a nosotros mismos.</p><p>Seg&#250;n Stewart-Williams, la explicaci&#243;n comienza con una asimetr&#237;a tan biol&#243;gica que compartimos con otros mam&#237;feros: pa&#8217; la hembra, reproducirse requiere una inversi&#243;n m&#237;nima muy superior a la del macho. A la producci&#243;n de &#243;vulos, s&#250;male el embarazo, el parto y la lactancia, y na&#8217;m&#225;s con eso ya tienes una abrumadora lista de responsabilidades. Por su parte, el costo biol&#243;gico m&#237;nimo de reproducci&#243;n pa&#8217;l macho, b&#225;sicamente, es echarse un polvo.</p><p>Como consecuencia, a lo largo de nuestra historia evolutiva, el &#233;xito reproductivo del hombre ha estado sujeto a una mucho m&#225;s intensa competencia <em>contra otros hombres</em>. Este torneo milenario ha producido resultados muy desiguales. Durante la mayor&#237;a de nuestro tiempo en este planeta, por ejemplo, si una mujer alcanzaba la edad reproductiva, ten&#237;a buenas probabilidades de reproducirse &#8212; mientras que, entre hombres, algunos copulaban con m&#250;ltiples mujeres pero otros pod&#237;an f&#225;cilmente tener <em>cero</em> actividad reproductiva.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;1b5245b0-acc4-4a80-999b-cb03cee84f12&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;If half of you had the fucking balls to follow through, you know what would happen? A guy like that would be indicted, tried, and convicted [&#8230;]. But no, everybody stays friends. Everybody gets paid. And everybody&#8217;s got a fucking future. - Detective James McNulty, \&quot;The Wire\&quot; (HBO), s1e11&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Panam&#225;, Tierra de Oportunidades: C&#243;mo se ver&#237;a un movimiento de clase media amplia (1 de 2)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-10-28T09:20:39.390Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panama-tierra-de-oportunidades-como-26b&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:176601141,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:3,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Desde antes que existiera la civilizaci&#243;n humana a gran escala, el puesto que un hombre ocupaba en la jerarqu&#237;a social del grupo pr&#225;cticamente determinaba si sus genes pasar&#237;an a la pr&#243;xima generaci&#243;n o morir&#237;an con &#233;l. De aqu&#237; parten varias diferencias sexuales que observamos hasta el sol de hoy, y a lo largo de todas las culturas del mundo: los hombres somos, en promedio, m&#225;s altos, m&#225;s pesados, y tenemos mucha m&#225;s masa muscular &#8212; especialmente en la parte superior del cuerpo.</p><p>De manera cr&#237;tica, los hombres tambi&#233;n tendemos generalmente a asumir mayores riesgos, competir m&#225;s agresivamente por recursos &#8212; incluyendo estatus social &#8212; y recurrir m&#225;s f&#225;cilmente a la violencia f&#237;sica. Durante incontables generaciones, resulta ser, arriesgarse val&#237;a la pena mucho m&#225;s pa&#8217; un hombre que pa&#8217; una mujer.</p><p>Una vez entiendes esto, entiendes tambi&#233;n por qu&#233; la violencia masculina alcanza su pico despu&#233;s de la pubertad, cuando nuestros ancestros comenzaban a competir seriamente por, m&#225;s que cualquier otra cosa, calor&#237;as y parejas sexuales. Es m&#225;s, durante esta etapa, la diferencia entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto al uso de la violencia se dispara, pa&#8217; luego ir disminuyendo con la edad.</p><p>No es por nada, entonces, que el grupo de edad con m&#225;s suicidios en 2024 <a href="https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P02895625202603191410381-Volumen%20III%20-%20Defunciones%2C%20A%C3%B1o%202024.pdf">fue precisamente el de 20 a 24 a&#241;os</a>: de las 20 personas que se quitaron la vida, 18 eran hombres. Si en lugar de la violencia autoinfligida observamos la dirigida al pr&#243;jimo, encontramos una tragedia similar: alrededor de <a href="https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/Informe-Estadistico-de-Victimas-de-Homicidios-Diciembre-2024-2.pdf">92% de las v&#237;ctimas de </a><em><a href="https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/Informe-Estadistico-de-Victimas-de-Homicidios-Diciembre-2024-2.pdf">homicidio</a></em> en 2024 fueron hombres, mientras que m&#225;s del 40% ten&#237;a entre 18 y 29 a&#241;os.</p><p>Por m&#225;s que el suicidio y el homicidio no son el mismo fen&#243;meno, &#8216;tamos claro&#8217; que ambas formas de violencia extrema se concentran extraordinariamente entre hombres j&#243;venes, no s&#243;lo en el patio sino alrededor del mundo. Ambos, como gran parte de la naturaleza del Homo sapiens macho, tienen mucho que ver con la competencia por recursos limitados.</p><h4>Sin solvencia no se puede resolver</h4><p>Aqu&#237; es donde valdr&#237;a la pena &#8212; especialmente pa&#8217; los paname&#241;os cuya primordial responsabilidad es mantener al ciudadano bien informado, incluyendo aquellos que se hacen llamar &#8220;periodistas&#8221; &#8212; conocer <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xmw_1wfUmFs&amp;t=502s">la obra de Richard Reeves</a>, autor del libro <em>Of Boys and Men</em>. Su trabajo sobre la creciente crisis masculina en Estados Unidos parte de un estudio socioecon&#243;mico, pero termina complementando el argumento biol&#243;gico.</p><p>Reeves lleva a&#241;os insistiendo que el deterioro <em>econ&#243;mico</em> de los hombres no puede verse &#250;nicamente en t&#233;rminos de salarios o desempleo. <a href="/__u/ofboysandmen.substack.com/p/why-boys-and-men">Pa&#8217; much&#237;simos hombres</a>, trabajar no representa simplemente una manera de conseguir plata. Es una fuente de identidad, respeto y, sobre todo, la capacidad de sentirse &#250;til.</p><p>Durante generaciones, una parte fundamental del papel del hombre ha sido el de proveedor. Cu&#225;nto de esto ha dependido de nuestra biolog&#237;a, y cu&#225;nto es &#8220;cultural&#8221;, podemos discutirlo por los siglos de los siglos, pero es algo que simplemente no podemos ignorar. De lo contrario, vamos a cometer serios errores en cuesti&#243;n de posibles respuestas, o <em>pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas</em>, pa&#8217; abordar el tema. Aunque no sea tan popular admitirlo, la gran mayor&#237;a de los paname&#241;os todav&#237;a esperamos que un hombre adulto resuelva sus propias necesidades, se gane la vida solo y, eventualmente, construya un hogar.</p><p>En investigaciones sobre hombres que terminaron suicid&#225;ndose, de hecho, dos palabras aparecen repetidamente en la descripci&#243;n que hac&#237;an de s&#237; mismos: <em>useless</em> y <em>worthless</em>, o &#8220;in&#250;til&#8221; y &#8220;sin valor&#8221;. <a href="https://beatriceinstitute.org/richard-reeves-transcript">Reeves cita esto</a> como ejemplo de lo que llama &#8220;redundancia&#8221;: la sensaci&#243;n de haberse vuelto prescindible, de no tener nada bueno que contribuir al grupo.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/que-hace-la-juventud-cuando-pierde?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#191;Le compartir&#237;as esto a un/a amigo/a?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/que-hace-la-juventud-cuando-pierde?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/que-hace-la-juventud-cuando-pierde?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>Si el estatus de un hombre ha estado hist&#243;ricamente relacionado con su habilidad de competir por recursos &#8212; m&#225;s all&#225; de que, como sociedad, todav&#237;a lo valoramos m&#225;s que nada por su capacidad de resolver &#8212; no est&#225; de m&#225;s inferir que una pronunciada degradaci&#243;n en la situaci&#243;n econ&#243;mica del pa&#237;s tendr&#237;a efectos tan devastadores como los que vemos sobre su poblaci&#243;n masculina, especialmente cuando sabemos que la misma reacciona de manera bastante particular a la competencia y, crucialmente, a la p&#233;rdida de estatus social.</p><p>Obviamente, el hombre que botan de su trabajo o le pagan mal no se convierte autom&#225;ticamente en una persona violenta. Tambi&#233;n vale la pena recordar que las mujeres no solamente sufren el deterioro de la econom&#237;a tambi&#233;n, sino que sus respectivas situaciones de precariedad y desempleo son hasta peores que las de los hombres, al menos estad&#237;sticamente. Por m&#225;s que no mueran por suicidio en proporciones tan elevadas como los hombres, a nivel internacional las mujeres reportan <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32860593/">m&#225;s ideaci&#243;n e intentos suicidas</a>.</p><p>No obstante, la evidencia apunta claramente hacia la importancia de la situaci&#243;n material, especialmente en cuanto a los hombres. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032725014284">Un metaan&#225;lisis reciente</a> de 53 estudios realizados en 23 pa&#237;ses encontr&#243; que el desempleo estaba asociado con un riesgo de suicidio masculino 84% mayor y, los ingresos bajos, con uno 169% mayor.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBhA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb5b1e52-4489-413a-946e-f92a8f2901f4_866x1030.png" 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/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb5b1e52-4489-413a-946e-f92a8f2901f4_866x1030.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBhA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb5b1e52-4489-413a-946e-f92a8f2901f4_866x1030.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBhA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb5b1e52-4489-413a-946e-f92a8f2901f4_866x1030.png" width="866" height="1030" 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/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb5b1e52-4489-413a-946e-f92a8f2901f4_866x1030.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBhA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb5b1e52-4489-413a-946e-f92a8f2901f4_866x1030.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBhA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb5b1e52-4489-413a-946e-f92a8f2901f4_866x1030.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBhA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb5b1e52-4489-413a-946e-f92a8f2901f4_866x1030.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Por otra parte, d&#233;cadas de investigaci&#243;n sobre violencia interpersonal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/016230958590041X">han encontrado relaciones robustas</a> entre el nivel de desigualdad de un pa&#237;s, la competencia por recursos limitados y el &#237;ndice de homicidios entre hombres.</p><p>Finalmente, &#191;qu&#233; hacen en general las pandillas de j&#243;venes &#8212; las cuales han convertido partes considerables del pa&#237;s en un <em>salsipuedes</em> &#8212; m&#225;s que competir por recursos? Plata, territorio, rutas, acceso y, no lo dudes, estatus social.</p><h4><em>Dream Hoarders</em></h4><p>Por pura casualidad, el libro de Richard Reeves previo a <em>Of Boys and Men</em> es sobre c&#243;mo un grupo de estadounidenses est&#225; acaparando buena parte de las oportunidades econ&#243;micas del pa&#237;s, dejando al resto &#8212; especialmente a su gente joven &#8212; con cada vez menos capacidad de salir adelante por cuenta propia, encontrar pareja y, eventualmente, poder mantener una familia.</p><p>El t&#237;tulo es <em><a href="https://www.brookings.edu/books/dream-hoarders/">Dream Hoarders</a></em> &#8212; los acapara-sue&#241;os &#8212; y aunque en este caso Reeves no se refiere a las mega-corporaciones estadounidenses, tal vez no haya mejor manera de describir a los grandes grupos criollos que tantos millones generan de nuestra podrida econom&#237;a. Como espero ya &#8216;tes claro, a Panam&#225; la plata llega pr&#225;cticamente sola: por el Canal, los puertos, la log&#237;stica, la tierra y, en t&#233;rminos generales, por controlar una posici&#243;n geogr&#225;fica, y un c&#243;digo legal, que pertenecen a todos los paname&#241;os por igual.</p><p>Pero mientras los due&#241;os y altos ejecutivos de estas compa&#241;&#237;as han convertido nuestro patrimonio com&#250;n, mercados cautivos y privilegios estatales en fortunas extraordinarias, abajo cada vez quedan menos oportunidades pa&#8217; los paname&#241;os que nada tienen que ofrecerle al &#8220;mercado&#8221; m&#225;s que su sudor. As&#237; es como los magnates criollos convierten la competencia por recursos artificialmente limitados en un <em>s&#225;lvese quien pueda</em>, donde la &#250;nica ley es la de la selva y, al que no mata, se lo comen vivo.</p><p>Esto es <em>dream hoarding</em>, versi&#243;n criolla: quedarse con no solamente toda la riqueza del pa&#237;s, sino negarles al resto de los paname&#241;os las oportunidades que dicha riqueza deber&#237;a generar.</p><p>En 2014, <a href="https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P8071Trabajo%202014.pdf">apenas 4.0% de los hombres</a> econ&#243;micamente activos estaba desempleado. Diez a&#241;os despu&#233;s, <a href="https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P0705547520260304095526Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20la%20Encuesta%20de%20Mercado%20Laboral_2%20-%20Septiembre%202025.pdf">la cifra era 7.9%</a>, casi el doble, mientras que la participaci&#243;n laboral masculina &#8212; la proporci&#243;n de hombres de edad laboral empleados o buscando empleo &#8212; cay&#243; de 79.4% a 74.5%. Lo m&#225;s perverso, sin embargo, es el <em>tipo</em> de trabajo que consiguen los hombres paname&#241;os: la informalidad entre los ocupados fuera del sector agr&#237;cola pas&#243; de <a href="https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P6521comentariosinformalidad%202014.pdf">casi 40% en 2014</a> a <a href="https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P0705547520250124083204Comentarios%20EML%20octubre%202024.pdf">48.6% en 2024</a>.</p><p>Y entre los pela&#8217;os, la situaci&#243;n es mucho m&#225;s <em>focop</em>. En 2024, casi la mitad de todos los desempleados <a href="https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P0705547520250124083204Comentarios%20EML%20octubre%202024.pdf">ten&#237;a entre 15 y 29 a&#241;os</a> y, entre los hombres de 20 a 24 &#8212; el mismo grupo etario que encabez&#243; los suicidios &#8212; <a href="https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P0705547520250124084848Cuadro%204.pdf">el desempleo llegaba a 15%</a>.</p><p><em>Turns out you CAN fight against the youth</em> &#8212; y sacarles la mugre.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;30e5ac8b-6dc7-47a4-8402-c9f3adc7d78d&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Hace unos d&#237;as le&#237; un art&#237;culo de opini&#243;n en La Prensa que, sin que haya sido su cometido, pone en evidencia uno de los problemas m&#225;s fundamentales de nuestro pa&#237;s.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Lucrando del Colapso, Parte 10&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-08-02T09:20:07.004Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:209002913,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:1,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Aqu&#237; es donde estoy supuesto de recordarles que correlaci&#243;n no implica que una cosa cause la otra, y que estas cifras no demuestran que un particular joven paname&#241;o se haya quitado la vida porque lo botaron del trabajo &#8212; o porque el &#250;nico que ten&#237;a depend&#237;a del <em>camar&#243;n</em> que al patr&#243;n le diera la gana pagar ese d&#237;a.</p><p>Lo que espero te quede claro, sin embargo, es que durante el mismo per&#237;odo en que nuestra econom&#237;a ha ido perdiendo las pocas oportunidades laborales que de por s&#237; tiene el paname&#241;o com&#250;n &#8212; <a href="https://pip.worldbank.org/country-profiles/PAN">incapaz de generar riqueza</a> ampliamente compartida, a pesar de las lluvias de divisas que le entran regularmente &#8212; las dos expresiones m&#225;s extremas de violencia se han disparado entre nuestros j&#243;venes.</p><p>Frente a un aumento de 73% en el n&#250;mero de paname&#241;os que literal se est&#225; quitando la vida &#8212; que si eso no es emergencia nacional, no se qu&#233; <em>carajo</em> lo ser&#237;a &#8212; <em>La Prensa</em> insin&#250;a que el hombre criollo no habla de sus sentimientos, record&#225;ndonos que hacen falta m&#225;s psic&#243;logos y psiquiatras.</p><p>Pero por m&#225;s que en Panam&#225; se necesiten m&#225;s especialistas de <em>todas</em> las ramas de la medicina, al paname&#241;o lo que le urge son puestos de trabajo formal con salarios con los que pueda proveer &#8212; no s&#243;lo pa&#8217; su mujer sino pa&#8217; sus hijos tambi&#233;n, en vez de tener que d&#225;rselos al Estado pa&#8217; que los convierta en buenos para nada &#8212; al igual que una econom&#237;a libre de los hambrientos clanes locales que se quedan con todo lo que llega al pa&#237;s, sin m&#225;s m&#233;rito que conexiones personales y decisiones pol&#237;ticas.</p><p>Por m&#225;s que mediquemos al 100% de nuestros j&#243;venes, no hay antidepresivo que pueda contra la desigualdad m&#225;s aplastante del hemisferio, ni terapia que sola pueda darle a un hombre sin empleo, sin plata y sin esperanza el <em>feelin&#8217;</em> que su vida tiene sentido &#8212; que el grupo lo necesita &#8212; y que si hace las cosas bien, podr&#225; encontrar una pareja con quien, por lo menos, intentar sobrevivir juntos los <em>Hunger Games</em> del patio.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/que-hace-la-juventud-cuando-pierde/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/que-hace-la-juventud-cuando-pierde/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/que-hace-la-juventud-cuando-pierde?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/que-hace-la-juventud-cuando-pierde?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[For the Love of God, Not One More Lawyer!]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#8220;Democratizing&#8221; intermediation will be terrible for our economy &#8212; and our society]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/for-the-love-of-god-not-one-more</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/for-the-love-of-god-not-one-more</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2026 09:20:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panameno-porque-te-quiero-ni-un-abogado?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Versi&#243;n original</a></em>.</p><p>The <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panameno-porque-te-quiero-ni-un-abogado?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">original version</a> of this essay was published December 6, 2025, under the title &#8220;<em>Paname&#241;o, porque te quiero: &#161;Ni un abogado m&#225;s!</em>&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>Because the law, my boy, puts us into everything. It&#8217;s the ultimate backstage pass; it&#8217;s the new priesthood, baby!</em>
&#8212; The Devil&#8217;s Advocate (1997), Warner Bros.</pre></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg" width="950" height="533" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:533,&quot;width&quot;:950,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Por insistencia, Asamblea aprueba eliminar el examen de barra como requisito obligatorio para ejercer la abogac&#237;a en Panam&#225;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Por insistencia, Asamblea aprueba eliminar el examen de barra como requisito obligatorio para ejercer la abogac&#237;a en Panam&#225;" title="Por insistencia, Asamblea aprueba eliminar el examen de barra como requisito obligatorio para ejercer la abogac&#237;a en Panam&#225;" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Zu!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F207f3bba-ae13-4066-afb1-aa503126ad12_950x533.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Of all the problems we face as a nation, some of them existential, I never expected a single Panamanian to suggest a shortage of lawyers would be one of them. But I guess I&#8217;m the idiot, because most of the rats in our National Assembly <a href="https://newsroompanama.com/2025/11/25/panama-president-mulino-approved-the-law-on-the-legal-profession-despite-controversy/">thought it important enough</a> to override a presidential veto and insist that the &#8220;professional licensing&#8221; standards for practicing law be watered down <a href="https://www.icij.org/investigations/panama-papers/">even further than they already are</a>. Apparently, the bar exam represented not only an elitist barrier to entering the profession, but amounted to &#8220;taking food out of the mouths&#8221; of countless honest citizens whose only sin was wanting to get ahead in life.</p><p>The problem, however, isn&#8217;t the number of lawyers in Panama &#8212; although saying we have too many hardly captures the sheer absurdity. According to the latest count (2025), there are around 30,000 licensed attorneys serving a population of just 4.6 million. Between 2010 and 2020, local universities churned out roughly 3.5 lawyers per day, <a href="https://www.laestrella.com.pa/opinion/columnistas/examen-profesional-idoneidad-abogados-CJLE446004#:~:text=En%20la%20actualidad%2C%20estamos%20llegando,t%C3%ADtulos%20de%20licenciados%20en%20Derecho">or one every eight hours</a>. That leaves us with one of the highest numbers of lawyers per capita in the world, far above economies vastly larger and more complex. For all the sophistication of Panama&#8217;s international services platform, however, these numbers are the direct result of our legal code &#8212; political decisions &#8212; including a whole bunch of them inherited from a murderous military dictatorship.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Want <em>Versi&#243;n Criolla</em> in your inbox?</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Rather, the problem is what the overwhelming majority of local lawyers actually do for a living. Unfortunately, and for reasons rooted in our history, this relatively lucrative line of work, along with inheriting money and going into politics, is one of the few avenues available to those wanting to make something of themselves &#8212; and, for the most enterprising (or shameless), a way to grace the society or corporate pages of &#8220;prestige&#8221; publications, or collect other high-status symbols that come with winning Panama&#8217;s rat race.</p><p>As a result, what looks like an anti-elitist crusade, even a revolt against a perverse oligopoly of white-shoe law firms &#8212; or a National Bar Association with neither clout nor legitimacy &#8212; actually democratizes the prostitution of our national sovereignty for private gain. And while I&#8217;m 100% in favor of distributing the proceeds of that shadiest of businesses as equitably as possible among <em>all</em> Panamanians, further swelling the ranks of our intermediary class will only deepen our addiction to &#8220;foreign investment&#8221; that seeks, above all else, the anonymity provided by a shell company &#8220;duly incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Panama.&#8221;</p><p>At a moment of such profound institutional dysfunction, it&#8217;s difficult to imagine anything more damaging to us as a nation than encouraging even more ambitious young Panamanians to make their living extracting value from a national resource instead of producing it.</p><h4>Licensing Requirements: Another Hidden Tax</h4><p>Just so we&#8217;re clear, occupational licensing in Panama is nothing more than an artificial way of keeping the price of a product or service high by restricting its supply. True to the local tradition of getting the most money for the least amount of effort, professional associations also fight tirelessly to limit &#8220;accreditation&#8221; within their ranks &#8212; God forbid more practicing lawyers might dilute the fees collected by those already inside the racket. Having worked for years in an &#8220;industry&#8221; that also requires a professional license, I can assure you it accomplishes nothing but forcing clients to pay more than they would in a genuinely free market.</p><p>Furthermore, this pernicious practice infects even the most basic services in Panama, unnecessarily raising the cost of living for hundreds of thousands of citizens who simply don&#8217;t earn enough money, despite busting their asses just to <em>get</em> to work. Under the pretext of maintaining &#8220;standards of excellence&#8221; &#8212; <em>pfff</em> &#8212; what these restrictions actually maintain is the good life of professionals whose services have no justifiable reason to cost as much as they do.</p><p>In that sense, Law 500 of 2025, passed by the National Assembly just a few days ago after overriding the president&#8217;s veto, would appear to be a step in the right direction. Especially in a country where unemployment is hovering around 10% and nearly half the workforce languishes in informality, what exactly are we supposed to criticize about democratizing access to the legal profession &#8212; particularly if it gives more Panamanians access to the fruits of our &#8220;international services platform&#8221;?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg" width="1336" height="890" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:890,&quot;width&quot;:1336,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Panama has the Largest Number of Skyscrapers in Latin America - Newsroom  Panama&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Panama has the Largest Number of Skyscrapers in Latin America - Newsroom  Panama" title="Panama has the Largest Number of Skyscrapers in Latin America - Newsroom  Panama" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Aqmj!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9736b77a-dd09-411e-82a9-219e7023e019_1336x890.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Let&#8217;s start with the fact that the move lays bare our economy&#8217;s glaring inability to generate well-paying jobs in productive industries &#8212; or, for that matter, in any sector not connected to the services platform, or the wasteful construction boom it generates. Basically, these lawmakers are admitting that the only thing Panamanians are good for is signing papers and, in doing so, providing a veneer of legality to the billions of dollars pouring into the country looking for somewhere to hide.</p><p>Quite apart from the fact that plenty of citizens might simply not want to dedicate their lives to babysitting money of dubious origin &#8212; or that should&#8217;ve been paid in taxes elsewhere &#8212; <em>we can&#8217;t all be lawyers!</em> Setting up shell companies and other vehicles for legal obfuscation pays beautifully, I understand, but because they&#8217;re mostly illegal outside our nation&#8217;s borders.</p><p>Besides <a href="https://ticotimes.net/2025/07/19/panama-removed-from-eu-high-risk-list-but-tax-haven-status-remains">landing us on international blacklists</a> &#8212; thereby restricting the foreign direct investment (FDI) that may enter the country &#8212; money poured into Panamanian real estate as a form of &#8220;wealth protection&#8221; is inflationary, meaning it lowers the quality of life of everyone who isn&#8217;t part of the racket.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;7a113f15-601c-427c-935f-b5fd3f7fe602&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Panama&#8217;s Offshore Industry: Laws, Secrecy, and the Capture of the State (Part 1 of 2)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-16T12:54:43.121Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r_-z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc82c9ab4-05a7-46e8-b437-4745ce72c67c_1280x853.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panamas-offshore-economy-laws-secrecy&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:181623857,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>In short, intermediation won&#8217;t ever serve as the foundation of a productive and diversified economy &#8212; which Panama urgently needs &#8212; nor can it generate enough formal jobs to at least prevent an uprising like the one we saw in Bocas a few months ago. To do that, we need to create more and <em>better</em> ways to earn a living that don&#8217;t involve acting as middlemen, and women, for people and companies extracting value from a State.</p><p>We urgently need to produce more first-rate professionals who actually contribute to society &#8212; especially teachers and doctors &#8212; and fewer people who exploit (and defend) extractive laws that generate perverse economic incentives, making us dependent on money from abroad that produces plenty of economic growth, but <a href="https://www.laestrella.com.pa/opinion/editorial/crecimiento-sin-desarrollo-JJ18009264">zero social development</a>.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/for-the-love-of-god-not-one-more?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Know someone who might like this?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/for-the-love-of-god-not-one-more?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/for-the-love-of-god-not-one-more?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><h4>Democratize State Revenue</h4><p>Lawyers and the rest of the intermediary class have Panama by the balls. On the one hand, strategically positioning oneself between its citizens and the money raining down on this little strip of Central American isthmus is, quite literally, one of the few ways to climb the country&#8217;s socioeconomic ladder &#8212; short of drug trafficking, Major League Baseball, or <em>reggaeton</em>. And I&#8217;m well aware that this is how not only many of the country&#8217;s most obscene fortunes have been made, but also how a considerable number of Panamanians have achieved professional, and even personal development through sacrifice and long hours of tedious work.</p><p>On the other hand, however, we simply cannot continue depending on this kind of business to survive. Beyond being wildly inefficient &#8212; in Panama you need a lawyer (and a notary) just to change your mind &#8212; it&#8217;s highly susceptible to corruption and, with disturbing regularity, lends itself to <a href="https://insightcrime.org/panama-organized-crime-news/panama/">all kinds of criminal activity</a>. It simply cannot be that our brightest people are &#8220;innovating&#8221; ever more elaborate ways for the world&#8217;s wealthy &#8212; including Panamanian citizens &#8212; to defraud their respective States, extracting as much value as possible from something that belongs equally to all of us: <em>the laws of the Republic</em>.</p><p>The right question, then, isn&#8217;t how to squeeze even more out of the so-called services platform, but how to make the rents currently extracted from the country&#8217;s assets start financing domestic production, instead of Saudi-adjacent levels of decadence for glorified toll collectors. Because if we truly want our young people to have access to productive jobs that can support a middle-class life, we need to eliminate whatever makes the practice of law in Panama &#8212; an inherently nonproductive activity &#8212; so extraordinarily lucrative.</p><p>To that end, the National Assembly could create a National (Re)Investment Fund, into which 50% of all capital entering the country through a Panamanian corporation &#8212; <em>sociedad an&#243;nima </em>&#8212; would be directed toward training the professionals we barely have but desperately need: industrial, chemical, and food engineers; scientific and medical researchers; and experts in the care and healthy development of our youngest &#8212; as well as those who can no longer care for themselves &#8212; among others.</p><p>For capital that actually comes to Panama to increase labor productivity, meanwhile, I proposed last year the creation of the <em>National Enterprise</em> (EN): a 100% transparent legal vehicle offering entrepreneurs meaningful benefits, including eliminating as many as possible of the pointless costs our captured State currently imposes on doing business. The idea is to use the revenue Panama earns from protecting this &#8220;rebel capital&#8221; to help create genuinely productive businesses, otherwise known as new business creation.</p><p>Charge for extraction, incentivize production.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;9141d346-a470-475e-8136-f2bb6917fe4c&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Panama&#8217;s Offshore Industry: Laws, Secrecy, and the Capture of the State (Part 2 of 2)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-19T09:20:22.882Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2So!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32817277-1fe2-42ea-b5fe-25a3b6959d21_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panamas-offshore-industry-laws-secrecy&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:181837394,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Today, our economy is designed for the highest returns to come from hiding money, not producing new value. In that sense, I don&#8217;t see how the transformation we desperately need can possibly happen without the help of members of that very same profession. I&#8217;m talking about local lawyers, with at least <em>some</em> power, who understand that the &#8220;Panamanian model&#8221; has run its course and that it threatens to destroy our fragile democracy &#8212; much as Venezuela&#8217;s dependence on oil, inter alia, ultimately destroyed its own.</p><p><em>A part of Panama&#8217;s intermediary class needs to, for lack of a better word, defect.</em></p><p>Not only are they the ones who would know how to dismantle the extractive apparatus that, to this day, Panama continues &#8220;building&#8221; at home &#8212; the reality is that they&#8217;ve also become one of the few groups with enough political power to block virtually any attempt at reform. My hope is that some &#8220;enlightened&#8221; lawyers will actually want to fight for justice and the rule of law &#8212; specifically by helping lead the detoxification of our political economy, after decades of serving as the preferred destination for capital that, for whatever reason, was fleeing other countries.</p><p>Finally, Panama&#8217;s grim employment situation isn&#8217;t going to improve with more lawyers. Quite the opposite: unless we change our economic model, the country will very likely collapse under the weight of its intermediary class.</p><p>Real change will only come when a critical mass of Panamanian intermediaries decides to stop living off the torrents of foreign money that do little more than corrupt our institutions, and starts using the law to produce national, broad-based wealth instead &#8212; putting an end, once and for all, to an addiction that should&#8217;ve died along with the rotten dictatorship that turned it into such a powerful monster.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/for-the-love-of-god-not-one-more/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/for-the-love-of-god-not-one-more/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/for-the-love-of-god-not-one-more?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/for-the-love-of-god-not-one-more?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Lucrando del Colapso, Parte 11]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#191;Qui&#233;n cobra por el Istmo?]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-11</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-11</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2026 09:21:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IbVB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F567363df-fce7-4bf6-8151-f7b30f498e46_1200x675.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IbVB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F567363df-fce7-4bf6-8151-f7b30f498e46_1200x675.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IbVB!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F567363df-fce7-4bf6-8151-f7b30f498e46_1200x675.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IbVB!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F567363df-fce7-4bf6-8151-f7b30f498e46_1200x675.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IbVB!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F567363df-fce7-4bf6-8151-f7b30f498e46_1200x675.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IbVB!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F567363df-fce7-4bf6-8151-f7b30f498e46_1200x675.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F567363df-fce7-4bf6-8151-f7b30f498e46_1200x675.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IbVB!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F567363df-fce7-4bf6-8151-f7b30f498e46_1200x675.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IbVB!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F567363df-fce7-4bf6-8151-f7b30f498e46_1200x675.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Hace unas semanas, la C&#225;mara Mar&#237;tima de Panam&#225; (CMP) <a href="https://www.prensa.com/economia/camara-maritima-pide-fallo-definitivo-sobre-puerto-baru-para-dar-certeza-a-la-inversion/">public&#243; un comunicado</a> exhortando a las autoridades a poner fin, de una vez por todas, a la &#8220;incertidumbre jur&#237;dica&#8221; que rodea <a href="https://www.prensa.com/economia/ocean-pacific-investments-mantiene-apuesta-por-puerto-baru-pese-a-litigios-ambientales/">el proyecto Puerto Bar&#250;</a>. Seg&#250;n el gremio, una decisi&#243;n definitiva fortalecer&#237;a la seguridad jur&#237;dica del pa&#237;s, impulsar&#237;a la inversi&#243;n, generar&#237;a empleo y consolidar&#237;a a Panam&#225; como un centro log&#237;stico de clase mundial.</p><p>Imagino que esto es lo que el paname&#241;o promedio espera que haga una organizaci&#243;n supuestamente dedicada a promover el desarrollo del sector mar&#237;timo nacional. El problema es que cuando uno revisa <a href="https://camaramaritima.org.pa/business-directory-3/">los integrantes de la C&#225;mara</a>, se da cuenta que &#8220;de Panam&#225;&#8221; no tiene un <em>carajo</em>. Es m&#225;s, basta con ver las actividades de sus miembros pa&#8217; entender que la CMP no representa al sector mar&#237;timo paname&#241;o del todo, sino a un pu&#241;ado de concesionarios, intermediarios y dem&#225;s privilegiados que extraen groseras cantidades de valor de un pa&#237;s al borde de un terrible quiebre socioecon&#243;mico.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Recibe <em>Versi&#243;n Criolla</em> en tu inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Entre otras &#8220;empresas privadas&#8221;, como miembros de la C&#225;mara figuran los principales operadores portuarios del pa&#237;s, grandes bufetes de abogados, bancos, aseguradoras, certificadoras internacionales, agencias navieras, empresas de remolque, practicaje, suministro de combustible y muchas otras compa&#241;&#237;as. Lo que une a este tutipl&#233;n de negocios es que todos lucran, directa o indirectamente, de la explotaci&#243;n privada de probablemente el recurso m&#225;s paname&#241;o de todos: nuestro peque&#241;o pedazo de istmo centroamericano, el Canal que lo atraviesa y su inigualable posici&#243;n geoestrat&#233;gica. </p><p>Los puertos &#8212; como el que una multinacional pretende construir en Chiriqu&#237; &#8212; son el ejemplo m&#225;s visible de este transe, pero alrededor del negocio &#8220;mar&#237;timo&#8221; se generan un sinf&#237;n de rentas, incluyendo por usar nuestra bandera, certificar buques, representarlos legalmente, financiarlos, asegurarlos, remolcarlos y prestarles toda clase de servicios cuya demanda existe por obra y gracia del Estado paname&#241;o.</p><p>Por su parte, el asalariado, emprendedor y due&#241;o de pyme trabaja cada vez m&#225;s pa&#8217; recibir menos. Tanto el pa&#237;s como los consumidores se ahogan en deuda, y los miles de millones anuales generados por nuestra &#250;nica ventaja competitiva significativa contin&#250;an enriqueciendo a la misma clase intermediaria que, tal y como pasa con pr&#225;cticamente todos nuestros activos menos el Canal, explota pa&#8217; beneficio de unos cuantos lo que buenamente le pertenece de todos los paname&#241;os por igual.</p><h4>Los peajes del Istmo</h4><p>Honestamente tienes que tener una visi&#243;n sumamente abarcadora del &#8220;sector mar&#237;timo&#8221; pa&#8217; justificar que en un mismo gremio <s>conspiren</s> convivan operadores portuarios y agencias navieras con firmas de abogados, bancos, aseguradoras, certificadoras internacionales, empresas de remolque, practicaje y suministro de combustible. Todas monetizan el mismo recurso nacional, pero de maneras y en grados distintos.</p><p>La operadora portuaria, por ejemplo, cobra por utilizar infraestructura del Estado o construida sobre sus tierras. El bufete cobra por representar navieras buscando aprovechar el &#8220;conveniente&#8221; registro paname&#241;o; la certificadora, por ejercer funciones que el mismo Estado le ha delegado; el pr&#225;ctico, por entrar y sacar a los barcos de nuestros puertos; y hasta la empresa de remolque, por operar dentro de un mercado cuya existencia depende exclusivamente de nuestra posici&#243;n geogr&#225;fica &#8212; y del marco institucional que el Estado ha construido a su alrededor.</p><p>M&#225;s que un gremio empresarial, la C&#225;mara Mar&#237;tima es una mafia que monetiza la principal ventaja comparativa de Panam&#225;. Su inter&#233;s com&#250;n es que la mayor cantidad posible de este negociazo contin&#250;e siendo cedido a operadores privados, en lugar de que el Estado lo gestione, tal y como lo hace con el Canal.</p><p>Los puertos, como ya hemos visto, constituyen su crimen m&#225;s estrepitoso. Aunque nadie (todav&#237;a) ha ido a la c&#225;rcel por el despojo multimillonario que termin&#243; siendo casi tres d&#233;cadas de concesi&#243;n a <em>Panama Ports Company</em> (PPC), al menos el paname&#241;o ya entiende que esta particular venta del Istmo es una yuca casi tan grande como las que los gringos nos clavaron en 1903.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;a0689168-4d36-4b54-8955-0632c5839e46&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Well, the best lack all conviction And the worst keep Sharpening their claws They're peddling in their dark fictions While what's left of us Well, we just hem and we haw -Andrew Bird, \&quot;Bloodless\&quot; (2019)&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Paname&#241;o, porque te quiero: No quiero operadores de puerto del extranjero&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-08-23T09:20:24.389Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhKj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1e2edf-04e4-47d7-b8e2-672c9438f633_964x1196.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panameno-porque-te-quiero-no-quiero&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:166912241,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Pero los puertos son apenas el comienzo. Probablemente la rosca m&#225;s descarada de todas es el registro naviero. Aqu&#237; Panam&#225; no concede un activo f&#237;sico, sino <a href="https://www.amp.gob.pa/noticias/notas-de-prensa/panama-despliega-la-primera-fase-de-su-registro-electronico-de-naves/">el derecho de navegar bajo nuestra bandera</a> &#8212; <em>&#161;de las m&#225;s vendidas del mundo!</em> La reglamentaci&#243;n paname&#241;a atrae buques de todas partes, y el Estado les cobra tasas e impuestos.</p><p>No obstante, <a href="https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2008/08/26100/GacetaNo_26100_20080807.pdf">la Ley 57 de 2008</a> adem&#225;s obliga a todo propietario de una nave inscrita en la marina mercante criolla a designar como &#8220;agente residente&#8221; a un abogado id&#243;neo en Panam&#225; y dispone, salvo determinadas excepciones, que los tr&#225;mites correspondientes sean gestionados por el mismo. Es decir, cada armador extranjero que entra al registro paname&#241;o entra tambi&#233;n a un mercado de intermediaci&#243;n legal creado por el Estado.</p><p>Tan estrecha es la relaci&#243;n entre la C&#225;mara y la &#8220;industria legal&#8221;, que abogados del sector regularmente forman parte de su Junta Directiva. Este a&#241;o, el honor le toc&#243; a <em>Arias, F&#225;brega y F&#225;brega</em> (ARIFA), la cual en su sitio web pifea que <a href="https://www.arifa.com/practice-group/transportation-maritime-and-aviation/n-39/ship-registration-and-financing.html">sus socios pr&#225;cticamente escribieron</a> gran parte de la legislaci&#243;n del sector. M&#225;s que nada, esto lo hacen pa&#8217; que clientes potenciales &#8212; digamos, multinacionales que vienen de alguna manera explotar el recurso p&#250;blico &#8212; sepan el enorme poder pol&#237;tico con el que cuentan.</p><p><em>Que son ellos, y otro par de grandes bufetes criollos, los que escriben las reglas del juego en este pa&#237;s.</em></p><p>Y porque hablamos de Panam&#225;, el Estado hasta disminuye su propio <em>cut</em> pa&#8217; mantener esta plata fluyendo. La misma ley, <em>pa&#8217; que t&#250; sepa&#8217;</em>, permite <a href="https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2008/08/26100/GacetaNo_26100_20080807.pdf">reducciones de hasta 60%</a> en tasas de registro, impuestos y cargos consulares pa&#8217; ciertos grupos de naves, y faculta a la Autoridad Mar&#237;tima de Panam&#225; (AMP) &#8212; misma cuna de lobos &#8212; a variar esos incentivos seg&#250;n la &#8220;competitividad del registro&#8221;. En otras palabras, Panam&#225; cobra menos por su propia bandera pa&#8217; conseguirles m&#225;s clientes al pu&#241;ado de firmas que se dedican a este parasitismo <em>puro y duro</em>.</p><p>Tan lucrativo es el bendito negocio de prostituir nuestra bandera, que los chinos supieron exactamente <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/panama-asks-china-respect-after-ship-detentions-tied-ports-ruling-2026-04-08/">d&#243;nde pegarle a la cleptocracia de turno</a> por la anulaci&#243;n de la concesi&#243;n de <em>Panama Ports</em>. Poco despu&#233;s del fallo de la Corte Suprema en contra de la portuaria china, las detenciones de buques &#8220;paname&#241;os&#8221; en puertos chinos se dispararon: entre marzo y junio de 2026, China report&#243; 431 detenciones de buques con bandera paname&#241;a, frente a 98 durante el mismo per&#237;odo de 2025.</p><p>Por su parte, tan prioritaria es esta rosca pa&#8217; la clase intermediaria criolla &#8212; incluyendo el <em>Presi</em> &#8212; que con urgencia fue despachado <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/1ea75a26-4594-48f0-a704-0721c29cf5eb?syn-25a6b1a6=1">un equipo del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores a Pek&#237;n</a> pa&#8217; resolverlo &#8212; no vaya a ser que los abogados que de ella viven no puedan ir a esquiar el a&#241;o que viene.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-11?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#191;Conoces a alguien que le interesar&#237;a?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-11?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-11?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>El tercer gran peaje &#8212; pero cr&#233;eme que son muchos m&#225;s &#8212; surge de la obligaci&#243;n internacional que tiene Panam&#225; como &#8220;Estado bandera&#8221; de garantizar que las embarcaciones inscritas en su registro cumplan ciertos est&#225;ndares de seguridad y navegaci&#243;n. Sin embargo, buena parte de esa funci&#243;n es cedida a <a href="https://www.amp.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/90236.pdf">las llamadas &#8220;Organizaciones Reconocidas&#8221;</a>, entidades privadas autorizadas pa&#8217; inspeccionar buques y emitir certificaciones en nombre de la <em>res p&#250;blica</em>. <a href="https://camaramaritima.org.pa/business-directory-3/wpbdp_category/organizaciones-reconocidas/">Entre los miembros de la CMP</a> aparecen Organizaciones Reconocidas como <em>ABS Central America</em>, <em>InterMaritime Certification Services</em>, y <em>Lloyd&#8217;s Register</em>.</p><p>El mecanismo es el mismo: el Estado crea la obligaci&#243;n y autoriza qui&#233;n puede verificar su cumplimiento, mientras que el capital privado cobra por hacer el manda&#8217;o. Mientras la ACP captura directamente pa&#8217;l pa&#237;s la riqueza generada por el Canal &#8212; s&#243;lo en 2025 transfiri&#243; <a href="https://pancanal.com/canal-de-panama-entrega-aportes-directos-al-tesoro-nacional/">casi $3,000 millones</a> al Tesoro Nacional &#8212; el resto de nuestro singular negocio mar&#237;timo se reparte entre empresas privadas que llevan tanto tiempo qued&#225;ndose con este bot&#237;n, que los paname&#241;os ni cuenta se dan de todo el patrimonio que les est&#225;n transando.</p><h4>La venta del Istmo no cede</h4><p>Nada de esto surgi&#243; espont&#225;neamente. <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/neoliberalismo-desde-la-revolucion-a68?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Como ya vimos</a>, buena parte del modelo actual se consolid&#243; durante los a&#241;os &#8217;90, empezando con el <em>Black Friday</em> que organiz&#243; la administraci&#243;n de P&#233;rez Balladares con tanta de nuestra infraestructura y dem&#225;s activos estatales.</p><p>Absurdamente, casi al mismo tiempo Panam&#225; hac&#237;a exactamente lo contrario con el activo m&#225;s valioso de todos. Mientras la Ley 19 de junio de 1997 organizaba <a href="https://pancanal.com/fundamentos-legales/">una ACP p&#250;blica, aut&#243;noma y con su propio patrimonio</a> pa&#8217; administrar un canal que finalmente ser&#237;a nuestro, casi simult&#225;neamente se consolidaba la privatizaci&#243;n y concesi&#243;n de buena parte de nuestro sistema &#8220;mar&#237;timo&#8221;: una vil <em>decisi&#243;n pol&#237;tica</em> sobre qui&#233;n se quedar&#237;a con la renta de semejante recurso.</p><p>Tres d&#233;cadas despu&#233;s, creo que tenemos suficiente evidencia pa&#8217; decir con claridad que, mientras las privatizaciones fueron un desastre pa&#8217;l pa&#237;s, la creaci&#243;n de la ACP ha sido la mejor &#8212; y m&#225;s importante &#8212; decisi&#243;n pol&#237;tica que hemos tomado como naci&#243;n.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;c8eb0abd-e30b-48a9-9559-19326e12a0e8&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;En los dos a&#241;os y medio que llevo escribiendo en Substack, he descubierto newsletters sumamente interesantes, pero pocos tan pr&#225;cticos &#8212; al menos en relaci&#243;n al tema principal de Versi&#243;n Criolla &#8212; como Progress and Poverty. Cuando me termin&#233; su excelente rese&#241;a&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Una rese&#241;a del libro \&quot;El Dividendo Natural\&quot;&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-07-09T09:20:27.913Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/una-resena-del-libro-el-dividendo&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:205437408,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:6,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Lo que nos devuelve al proyecto portuario actualmente impugnado en tribunales paname&#241;os. Existe <a href="https://www.instagram.com/noapuertobaru/">una campa&#241;a organizada</a> de &#8220;NO AL PUERTO BAR&#218;&#8221;, m&#225;s que nada por sus posibles impactos ambientales. Pero por m&#225;s que Chiriqu&#237; necesite otra terminal multimodal y que sus impactos puedan mitigarse, me vuela la cabeza que el debate siga d&#225;ndose como si las &#250;nicas dos opciones fueran construir <a href="https://puertobaru.com/faq/quienes-son-los-inversionistas-detras-de-puerto-baru/">un puerto privado</a> o no construir puerto del todo.</p><p><em>&#191;De cu&#225;ndo a ac&#225;?</em></p><p>La campa&#241;a que hace falta, entonces, no debe ser en contra del Puerto Bar&#250;, sino en contra de seguir vendiendo el istmo al mejor postor. Por el amor a Dios, no permitamos m&#225;s que nuestros pol&#237;ticos &#8212; en mancuerna con la clase intermediaria, la cual lleva d&#233;cadas viviendo de la teta del Estado &#8212; conviertan cada activo, concesi&#243;n, regulaci&#243;n y potestad paname&#241;a en otra renta privada. La gran mayor&#237;a de los paname&#241;os obligados a revolcarse en una econom&#237;a cada vez m&#225;s injusta y precaria, sinceramente, no tienen por qu&#233; vivir as&#237;, especialmente en uno de los territorios econ&#243;micamente m&#225;s privilegiados del planeta, de donde se generan miles de millones por m&#225;s nada que pol&#237;tica sucia.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-11/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-11/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-11?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-11?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[When Honest Work Won't Pay the Bills]]></title><description><![CDATA[On minimum wages and maximum costs]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-honest-work-wont-pay-the-bills</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-honest-work-wont-pay-the-bills</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 08 Aug 2026 09:21:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/cuando-el-trabajo-honesto-no-da-para?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Versi&#243;n original</a>.</em></p><p>The <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/cuando-el-trabajo-honesto-no-da-para?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">original version</a> of this essay was published November 20, 2025, under the title: &#8220;<em>Cuando el trabajo honesto no da para vivir: de salarios m&#237;nimos y costos m&#225;ximos</em>&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>These hours I&#8217;m working ain't nearly enough
Just chasing every dollar
Girl is this what I was born to do?</em>
- Brandon Flowers, "Between Me and You" (2015)</pre></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg" width="950" height="634" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:634,&quot;width&quot;:950,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Salario m&#237;nimo: sindicatos esperan m&#225;s de $900 mientras empresarios alertan sobre la econom&#237;a&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Salario m&#237;nimo: sindicatos esperan m&#225;s de $900 mientras empresarios alertan sobre la econom&#237;a" title="Salario m&#237;nimo: sindicatos esperan m&#225;s de $900 mientras empresarios alertan sobre la econom&#237;a" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X4fZ!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b32ff1-612d-4b0a-8f1f-2fbb672ca36f_950x634.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I hope the irony isn&#8217;t lost on anyone that <a href="https://www.prensa.com/politica/trabajadores-pronostican-una-desgarradora-discusion-del-salario-minimo-con-sesgo-empresarial/">Panama&#8217;s heated debate</a> over the minimum wage is taking place during our so-called &#8220;Month of the Fatherland&#8221;. After all, it&#8217;s precisely at moments like these that the country&#8217;s deep socioeconomic divisions become impossible to ignore &#8212; chiefly, the divide between Panama&#8217;s intermediary class, including its landowning elite, and the overwhelming majority of Panamanians who have nothing but their labor to rely on.</p><p>On one side, unions are fighting for the livelihood of their members, whose wages no longer cover even the basic needs of a Panamanian family. For years, they&#8217;ve been calling for a minimum wage of <a href="https://www.prensa.com/economia/salario-minimo-sindicatos-esperan-mas-de-900-mientras-empresarios-alertan-sobre-la-economia/">more than $900 a month</a>. On the other, the private sector urges &#8220;prudence&#8221;, pointing to the fragile state of the economy &#8212; especially the labor market, where unemployment is already approaching 10% and nearly half of the workforce is stuck in the informal sector.</p><p>Meanwhile, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) continue to struggle under crushing operating costs, including the cost of even the most basic labor. The question many business owners are naturally asking themselves is whether another increase in the minimum wage will finally be the thing that pushes them into bankruptcy.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Get <em>Versi&#243;n Criolla</em> in your inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Sadly, like so many of Panama&#8217;s &#8220;problems,&#8221; the inadequacy of its minimum wage is merely a symptom of a deeper disease. In fact, if we&#8217;re going to talk about the country&#8217;s chronic economic weakness, we must talk about Panama&#8217;s cost of living &#8212; including the cost of doing business. Before anything else, we should remember the actual source of the country&#8217;s chronic inflation, because it sure as hell isn&#8217;t high wages. More importantly, we need to be clear about who wins, who loses, and who disappears from this entire debate, particularly by understanding that raising the minimum wage would benefit the broad middle class.</p><p>On the other hand, it would also compress Panama&#8217;s wage structure even further, bringing blue-collar earnings closer to those of the average college graduate &#8212; effectively wiping out much of the return on investing in human capital. The people hurt most by this are the country&#8217;s salaried workers, entrepreneurs, and SMEs, whose incomes nobody adjusts for inflation and who, in real terms, often end up taking home little more than the very minimum wage that was just increased.</p><h4>Panama&#8217;s Gotten Too Expensive</h4><p>As I&#8217;ve said many times, the primary source of both inflation and low productivity is the country&#8217;s development model itself. For starters, simply to keep our economy going, we depend on notoriously volatile international hydrocarbon markets &#8212; instead of producing at least our own electricity domestically, as we used to do before democracy &#8220;returned&#8221; to Panama, mostly with hydropower plants.</p><p>As if having to import nearly all our energy weren&#8217;t bad enough, government regulations guarantee generous profit margins for power companies. Every time there&#8217;s an international conflict, a natural disaster, or some random event like a ship getting stuck in the Suez Canal, Panamanians&#8217; purchasing power takes a hit, almost without exception. And once an entire country depends on expensive and unpredictable basic inputs, local consumers &#8212; the very people SMEs rely on &#8212; have little left to spend beyond the bare essentials.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;cbb0b53f-7f27-45f9-9df7-6beabf9328c5&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;When Being the Cost of Doing Business Is More Profitable Than Doing Business&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-16T10:20:37.243Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6REq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b4b645a-aa60-4e07-9714-489c48026ecf_898x453.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-being-the-cost-of-doing-business&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:197673750,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Another relentless driver of soaring costs is the constant influx of foreign capital regularly entering the country, flowing primarily into the construction industry and its surrounding ecosystem. Beyond serving as a safe haven for capital looking to hide, local boosters have spent decades telling the world that buying Panamanian real estate is a bet on a country with an incredibly bright future. In practice, however, this type of foreign direct investment (FDI) does not generate higher wages throughout the economy. It benefits only those employed in the construction sector &#8212; and, because this is Panama, the intermediaries who profit from it.</p><p>Besides the construction mafia, the only other winners are the lawyers setting up shell companies and other legal vehicles that allow foreign nationals to &#8220;make investments&#8221; in the country, as well as the banks financing the endless rise of office towers and apartment buildings that are effectively financial instruments, clogging up and driving up the cost of living in Panama City, in whose greater metropolitan area lives almost half the country&#8217;s population.</p><p>Essentially, every square meter used as a store of wealth is a square meter the average Panamanian can&#8217;t live in or produce from. Here we can see that the minimum wage &#8212; and its seemingly inevitable increases &#8212; is a direct result of our economic model. The relentless rise in prices, and therefore business costs, is driven largely by two forces: our dependence on imported energy and the construction of piggy banks shaped like skyscrapers.</p><p>As labor organizations have repeatedly pointed out, the basic food basket now costs roughly $365 a month, while the legal minimum wage ranges <a href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/panam%C3%A1-entrar%C3%A1-a-revisar-nuevo-ajuste-al-salario-m%C3%ADnimo-en-noviembre%2C-seg%C3%BAn-el-gobierno/90036320">from about $340 to $1,000</a>, depending on region and economic activity, averaging roughly $635 per month.</p><p><em>In other words, if the minimum wage doesn&#8217;t go up, the families who depend on it simply don&#8217;t eat.</em></p><p>This phenomenon &#8212; known as wage compression &#8212; is what&#8217;s steadily undermining Panama&#8217;s middle class. Every increase in the minimum wage, driven by inflation rather than productivity gains, is systemic. Tragically, it also erodes the wage premium associated with earning a technical degree or university diploma, undermining the incentive to study, save, or invest in one&#8217;s human capital.</p><p>To top it off, SMEs are left facing not only unbearable operating costs but also a customer base with virtually no disposable income.</p><h4>The National Council of <em>Which</em> Private Enterprise?</h4><p>The Minimum Wage Commission currently trying to reach a consensus consists of three parties: the Ministry of Labor, the <em>National Council of Private Enterprise</em> (CoNEP) representing employers, and the self-described <em>United Resistance Organizations</em> (OIR) representing organized labor. In theory, it&#8217;s a great setup, but what isn&#8217;t entirely clear to me is which companies CoNEP actually speaks for.</p><p>Although it claims to represent the entire private sector and appears genuinely concerned about the plight of small and medium-sized businesses, the people calling the shots are the Council&#8217;s big boys<strong>, </strong>specifically the <em>Panamanian Chamber of Constructio</em>n (CAPAC) &#8212; the trade association which arguably has extracted more value from this country than any other. CoNEP&#8217;s current president, for example, is himself a CAPAC leader: a real estate developer who, consequently, has virtually no common interests with businesses that depend on domestic spending, that is, the overwhelming majority of Panama&#8217;s SMEs.</p><p>As I&#8217;ve argued repeatedly, CAPAC&#8217;s interests are fundamentally at odds with those of most Panamanians.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-honest-work-wont-pay-the-bills?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#191;Le recomendar&#237;as esto a alg&#250;n amigo?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-honest-work-wont-pay-the-bills?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-honest-work-wont-pay-the-bills?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>Whenever more foreign money pours into Panama to buy local real estate &#8212; whenever CAPAC wins &#8212; everyone else loses. Every underutilized development also pushes neighborhood businesses like bars, restaurants, breweries, repair shops, and countless others further away from the center of economic activity. Simply surviving without taking out another loan becomes nearly impossible.</p><p>Which is why it should come as no surprise that another of CoNEP&#8217;s heavyweight members is the <em>Panamanian Banking Association</em> (ABP) &#8212; an industry which is equally extractive.</p><p>Naturally, SMEs want to keep their costs, including labor costs, as low as possible. But I&#8217;d like to think the overwhelming majority of their owners would pay their employees &#8212; especially the ones who&#8217;ve proven themselves &#8212; a wage that buys a decent life. Unfortunately, many of CoNEP&#8217;s most profitable corporations represent the very costs of living and doing business in the country. Keeping those costs high, therefore, will always be its prime incentive.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;ddca0a90-8cfb-4181-9158-662a15787f12&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Version original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Banana Republic Forever&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-28T09:20:38.880Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aa8n!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2446b-cf11-4c9b-bccc-84a47de63d2b_900x600.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/banana-republic-forever-9d2&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:192340581,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:5,&quot;comment_count&quot;:2,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>In this system, business owners can only save money by paying their employees less. It&#8217;s therefore perfectly understandable that SMEs would also oppose increases to the minimum wage. But compared to what&#8217;s actually hurting them &#8212; the structural inflation built into Panama&#8217;s economic model &#8212; the minimum wage should be the least of their concerns.</p><p>What small businesses truly need to survive is pretty obvious: cheap, reliable inputs, including affordable space, electricity, telecommunications, transportation, and, above all, credit.</p><p>But when CoNEP&#8217;s major players look to charge as much as possible for society&#8217;s most basic factors of production, the economic interests of SMEs barely register with its leadership. CoNEP is effectively using small and medium sized-businesses as a decoy when it negotiates the minimum wage on behalf of the entire private sector, pretending every Panamanian business, regardless of size, is in the same boat.</p><p><em>And nothing could be further from the truth.</em></p><p>If you&#8217;re an SME owner, then, you really have no business belonging to CoNEP &#8212; not as long as the people who benefit most from an expensive, dysfunctional economy are the ones running it.</p><p>As always, CoNEP will label any wage increase a threat to private enterprise. And sure, nobody wants to pay more than absolutely necessary for anything &#8212; including labor. But the real threat to Panama&#8217;s actual private sector isn&#8217;t that the minimum wage might finally allow workers to earn a decent living. It&#8217;s that the local business environment remains, by default, so fundamentally hostile to doing business. This includes a legal and regulatory framework in which virtually every input needed for running a company has been monopolized by a handful of firms with close ties to whichever kleptocracy happens to be in power.</p><p>In short, CoNEP doesn&#8217;t speak for businesses that depend on the market, but for businesses that depend on the State.</p><p>If it truly represented Panama&#8217;s entire private sector, CoNEP would use its political influence to lower the barriers to entrepreneurship. It would demand, among other things, low and stable energy prices, extensive and efficient infrastructure, commercial rents that don&#8217;t swallow up most of a company&#8217;s revenue, long-term business credit, and, more broadly, a model that creates value instead of extracting it.</p><p>In its place, we&#8217;ve got an endless parade of intermediaries who contribute virtually nothing while exploiting our sovereignty &#8212; and our geo-strategic location &#8212; as well as a handful of real estate developers who have been so &#8220;prudent&#8221; with their projects over the past several decades that, today, so very many of the buildings making up our capital&#8217;s famous skyline sit half-empty: a Potemkin city in the middle of the Central American jungle.</p><p>More than any minimum-wage increase, this is what&#8217;s left Panama&#8217;s workers, entrepreneurs, and small-business owners with virtually no path to real growth. Unless people who work for a living realize that their greatest adversary is, in fact, CoNEP, they&#8217;ll continue doing the bidding of those extracting the greatest rents from the nation&#8217;s wealth &#8212; especially when the time comes to decide who must bear the country&#8217;s greatest burdens.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-honest-work-wont-pay-the-bills/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-honest-work-wont-pay-the-bills/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-honest-work-wont-pay-the-bills?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-honest-work-wont-pay-the-bills?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Lucrando del Colapso, Parte 10]]></title><description><![CDATA[Explotar las aspiraciones de la juventud paname&#241;a se volvi&#243; negocio redondo]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 02 Aug 2026 09:20:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg" width="871" height="588" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:588,&quot;width&quot;:871,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Latina logra acreditaci&#243;n  internacional&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Latina logra acreditaci&#243;n  internacional" title="Carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Latina logra acreditaci&#243;n  internacional" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wd_z!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc84beaa7-0307-412b-a72d-35d47080f3e4_871x588.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Hace unos d&#237;as le&#237; <a href="https://www.prensa.com/opinion/asi-certifica-panama-a-sus-universidades/">un art&#237;culo de opini&#243;n</a> en <em>La Prensa</em> que, sin que haya sido su cometido, pone en evidencia uno de los problemas m&#225;s fundamentales de nuestro pa&#237;s.</p><p>En <a href="https://www.prensa.com/opinion/asi-certifica-panama-a-sus-universidades/">&#8220;As&#237; certifica Panam&#225; a sus universidades&#8221;</a>, Yair Vel&#225;zquez &#8212; de <em>J&#243;venes Unidos por la Educaci&#243;n</em> y representante del H.D. Jorge Bloise ante el Consejo Nacional de Evaluaci&#243;n y Acreditaci&#243;n Universitaria de Panam&#225; (Coneaupa) &#8212; explica con bastante detalle c&#243;mo nuestro Estado acredita las universidades particulares del patio, d&#237;gase, qui&#233;n certifica, cu&#225;nto dura la acreditaci&#243;n, qu&#233; documentos hay que presentar y c&#243;mo se eval&#250;an las instituciones. Sin embargo, la pregunta m&#225;s importante de todas, en particular pa&#8217; los mismos estudiantes y sus respectivas familias, ni siquiera la contempla:</p><p><em>&#191;Vale la pena pagar miles de d&#243;lares por un diploma universitario criollo?</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pa&#8217; que te llegue al inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Al final del d&#237;a, las instituciones educativas no existen pa&#8217; producir diplomas, sino capital humano altamente calificado. M&#225;s importante a&#250;n, la econom&#237;a de un pa&#237;s no se desarrolla porque tenga m&#225;s universidades, carreras o certificaciones, sino porque los ciudadanos que pasan por ellas terminan creando mucho m&#225;s valor del que cost&#243; educarlos.</p><p><em>De otra manera, est&#225;s botando plata perfectamente buena a la basura.</em></p><p>Lastimosamente, en Panam&#225; eso es exactamente lo que hacemos. Como expliqu&#233; <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/cuando-la-improductividad-laboral?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">hace un par de a&#241;os</a>, nuestro modelo econ&#243;mico ha privilegiado sectores que requieren m&#225;s que nada capital f&#237;sico, pero relativamente poco capital humano: <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/i/142066591/la-trampa-de-la-baja-cualificacion">la trampa de la baja cualificaci&#243;n</a>. Otra manera de decirlo es que la mayor&#237;a del sector privado criollo no necesita trabajadores altamente cualificados y, por ende, tampoco tiene incentivos pa&#8217; invertir en ellos. El resultado es una productividad estancada, salarios mediocres y movilidad social pr&#225;cticamente nula.</p><p>Por su parte, incapaz de crear suficientes empleos altamente productivos, los grandes grupos locales pasaron a utilizar los t&#237;tulos universitarios como mero filtro, m&#225;s que como evidencia de productividad. Lo que antes distingu&#237;a a un candidato termin&#243; convirti&#233;ndose en el requisito m&#237;nimo pa&#8217; <em>participar</em>, un fen&#243;meno conocido como <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credencialismo">credencialismo</a>.</p><p>Lo peor de todo es que el mismo Estado, mediante pol&#237;tica p&#250;blica, no solamente destruye gran parte del retorno econ&#243;mico de la inversi&#243;n en capital humano, sino que tambi&#233;n subsidia la industria que lucra del <em>cuent&#243;n</em> que dicho retorno siquiera existe en la econom&#237;a dom&#233;stica.</p><h4>Otra rosca mega rentable</h4><p>Durante los &#250;ltimos 30 a&#241;os, Panam&#225; pas&#243; de tener apenas un pu&#241;ado de universidades privadas a contar hoy con <a href="https://coneaupa.edu.pa/acreditacion/estatus-de-universidades/">decenas de instituciones particulares oficialmente autorizadas</a>, ofreciendo qui&#233;n sabe cu&#225;ntas licenciaturas, maestr&#237;as, diplomados y cursos de educaci&#243;n continua. A primera vista, semejante expansi&#243;n parece muy positiva, la de un pa&#237;s que finalmente entendi&#243; la importancia de invertir en educaci&#243;n.</p><p>El problema es que esta conclusi&#243;n asume que el crecimiento de la industria universitaria &#8212; y de la educaci&#243;n privada en general &#8212; ha venido acompa&#241;ado de una econom&#237;a capaz de aprovechar un capital humano mejor capacitado y, como bien podemos ver en <a href="https://www.inec.gob.pa/publicaciones/Default3.aspx?ID_CATEGORIA=5&amp;ID_PUBLICACION=1311&amp;ID_SUBCATEGORIA=38">nuestras estad&#237;sticas de empleo e informalidad laboral</a>, no ha ocurrido nada que se le parezca. De hecho, mientras se disparaba el n&#250;mero de t&#237;tulos universitarios en Panam&#225;, al <em>licen</em> promedio no le han quedado m&#225;s que trabajos que no requieren cualificaciones especializadas y que, por este motivo, no son bien remunerados &#8212; si es que consigue trabajo formal del todo.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;558ede24-181d-4457-84ec-353e64472091&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Como habl&#225;bamos la semana pasada, el uso de la vivienda paname&#241;a como activo financiero, m&#225;s la met&#225;stasis del inter&#233;s preferencial (de ayuda social a socialismo corporativo), han hecho del &#8220;desarrollo inmobiliario&#8221; y sus actividades conexas &#8212; todo tipo de tr&#225;mites oficiales, legales, y financieros &#8212; el sector con mayor peso en la econom&#237;a paname&#241;a.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Cuando la (im)productividad conlleva a la inestabilidad pol&#237;tica y el atrofio social&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2024-02-26T19:13:29.763Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MgBq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf4a3113-b03d-4e0c-a718-56bd4d0de5d7_3956x2544.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/cuando-la-improductividad-laboral&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:142066591,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Inevitablemente, las universidades locales han producido cada vez m&#225;s paname&#241;os que compiten por un limitad&#237;simo n&#250;mero de plazas donde un t&#237;tulo universitario es realmente requerido. Como su oferta es estrictamente limitada por nuestro modelo econ&#243;mico, y vetar candidatos cuesta plata, el acceso a estas plazas pas&#243; a depender cada vez m&#225;s de credenciales: primero la licenciatura, luego una maestr&#237;a, despu&#233;s un diplomado, y as&#237; nos fuimos.</p><p>La universidad pas&#243; de ser una inversi&#243;n en el capital humano del trabajador, espec&#237;ficamente pa&#8217; incrementar su productividad, a ser el <em>precio de admisi&#243;n</em> pa&#8217; cualquier paname&#241;o que busque ser (relativamente) bien remunerado por su sudor y sacrificio &#8212; b&#225;sicamente, un boleto pa&#8217; la supert&#243;mbola laboral. Te podr&#225;s imaginar que, entre m&#225;s gente quiere participar en ella, m&#225;s se forran de plata quienes venden los boletos.</p><h4>El negociazo detr&#225;s del diploma</h4><p>Tomemos como ejemplo la universidad privada m&#225;s popular del pa&#237;s, la <em>Universidad Latina de Panam&#225;</em> &#8212; no porque sea necesariamente peor que las dem&#225;s, sino porque es de las pocas cuyos estados financieros auditados han estado disponibles p&#250;blicamente, lo que nos permite entender mejor los incentivos econ&#243;micos que impulsan el negocio.</p><p><em>La Latina</em> forma parte de un grupo corporativo llamado <strong>Excelencia y Superaci&#243;n, S.A.</strong> En 2017 &#8212; de los pocos a&#241;os en que tuvo que <a href="https://supervalores.gob.pa/d_extra/EF/anuales/2015/emisores/166-Universidad-Latina-Panama.pdf">declarar ante la Superintendencia de Valores</a> por, entre otras acciones netamente corporativas, emitir deuda &#8212; la universidad registr&#243; ingresos superiores a los $52 millones. De &#233;stos, aproximadamente $319,000 fueron destinados a investigaci&#243;n y desarrollo (i+d), es decir, a producir nuevo conocimiento, una de las funciones principales de toda universidad. Mientras tanto, la utilidad antes del impuesto sobre la renta ascendi&#243; a casi $15 millones, 47 veces lo destinado a i+d.</p><p>Como si fuera poco, sus estados financieros muestran mayores gastos generales y administrativos que costos asociados a su personal docente.</p><p><em>Lo que vendr&#237;a siendo </em>buco<em> marketing.</em></p><p>A&#250;n as&#237;, las propiedades del grupo son consideradas por el Estado paname&#241;o como instituciones educativas de utilidad p&#250;blica y, por ende, gozan de un r&#233;gimen fiscal especial que las exonera del impuesto sobre la renta, adem&#225;s de otorgarles otros beneficios tributarios.</p><p>Ojo, que esto fue hace casi diez a&#241;os &#8212; aunque ya pa&#8217; aquel entonces, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) hab&#237;a encontrado que el retorno econ&#243;mico de la educaci&#243;n superior en Panam&#225; <a href="https://repositorio.ciedupanama.org/handle/123456789/88">ven&#237;a disminuyendo desde hac&#237;a a&#241;os</a>, particularmente en el caso de las universidades privadas.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#191;Tienes alg&#250;n amigo que le interesar&#237;a?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>Por m&#225;s que no contamos con los estados financieros de a&#241;os posteriores, sin embargo, basta ver la expansi&#243;n del grupo en la &#250;ltima d&#233;cada pa&#8217; notar lo bien que le ha ido. En 2019, consolid&#243; significativamente el mercado mediante la adquisici&#243;n de la <em>Universidad Interamericana de Panam&#225;</em> (UIP), una de las principales universidades privadas del pa&#237;s. </p><p>Paralelamente, continu&#243; expandiendo la oferta acad&#233;mica de <em>La Latina</em>, inaugurando nuevas sedes y campus regionales, expandiendo la educaci&#243;n virtual y hasta incursionando en el f&#250;tbol profesional, mediante la compra y conversi&#243;n del <em>Chorrillo F.C.</em> en el <em>Club Deportivo Universitario</em> &#8212; lo que tambi&#233;n signific&#243; la construcci&#243;n del Estadio Universidad Latina en Penonom&#233;.</p><p>Hoy, el grupo controla cuatro universidades privadas, incluyendo la <em>Universidad Americana</em> (UAM) y <em>UNESCPA</em>, m&#225;s una red de colegios particulares encabezada por el <em>Oxford School</em>. B&#225;sicamente, es el mayor conglomerado &#8220;educativo&#8221; del pa&#237;s.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg" width="438" height="456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:456,&quot;width&quot;:438,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Camiseta Local CD Universitario 2024 - Football Kit Archive&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Camiseta Local CD Universitario 2024 - Football Kit Archive" title="Camiseta Local CD Universitario 2024 - Football Kit Archive" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBmI!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5683f063-8d3c-44a0-95de-5a5b6829a209_438x456.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Mientras tanto, miles de j&#243;venes paname&#241;os, y sus padres, hacen enormes sacrificios <em>pa&#8217;veee</em> si un t&#237;tulo universitario les permite acceder a una vida de mayor calidad. De esta desesperaci&#243;n, compa&#241;&#237;as con fines de lucro <em>puro y duro</em> como <em>Excelencia y Superaci&#243;n</em> &#8212; aunque cr&#233;eme que hay otras en la misma rosca &#8212; no solamente generan utilidades superlativas, sino que tambi&#233;n reciben tratamiento preferencial del mismo Estado cuyas pol&#237;ticas hacen que toda esta inversi&#243;n en educaci&#243;n no se traduzca en empleos mejor pagados.</p><p><em>Pa&#8217;cab&#225; de remat&#225;</em>, a cambio de renunciar a millones de d&#243;lares al a&#241;o por parte de estas empresas, los paname&#241;os no les exigimos un <em>carajo</em> de regreso, mucho menos demostrar si sus diplomas realmente valen lo que cuestan. Por m&#225;s que Coneaupa acredite universidades y el Ministerio de Educaci&#243;n autorice sus programas, estas compa&#241;&#237;as no est&#225;n obligadas a publicar, de forma estandarizada y verificable, cu&#225;ntos de sus graduados consiguen empleo en su &#225;rea, por ejemplo, o cu&#225;nto ganan cinco a&#241;os despu&#233;s de graduarse y cu&#225;l fue, en realidad, el retorno econ&#243;mico de su inversi&#243;n. </p><p>En otras palabras, el Estado verifica pr&#225;cticamente todo sobre estas sociedades an&#243;nimas con propietarios privados, utilidades millonarias y la capacidad pa&#8217; emitir deuda en el mercado de capitales, excepto si los resultados que producen justifican las disparatadas exenciones fiscales que les concede.</p><h4>La bomba de riqueza no para</h4><p>Como ya hemos visto en esta serie, las empresas &#8220;privadas&#8221; que m&#225;s plata hacen en el patio son las que logran extraer millones de d&#243;lares de este tipo de mercados, usualmente, los m&#225;s importantes pa&#8217;l consumidor local. De una forma u otra, el Estado interviene en la econom&#237;a, ya sea dejando de proveer servicios b&#225;sicos, legislando privilegios especiales, limitando la competencia, subsidiando una determinada actividad o dise&#241;ando incentivos que benefician a un grupo corporativo en particular.</p><p>Es por medio de esta <em>intervenci&#243;n estatal</em> que lo poco que generan los asalariados, emprendedores y pymes del patio termina concentr&#225;ndose en s&#243;lo unos cuantos grupos locales &#8212; incluyendo los que tan rentablemente representan intereses extranjeros &#8212; enriqueciendo a sus due&#241;os y altos ejecutivos sobre las espaldas de los aspirantes a la clase media, los paname&#241;os que literal m&#225;s se parten el <em>fuas</em> por salir adelante. En entregas anteriores hemos visto este mecanismo operar en los sectores m&#225;s cr&#237;ticos de la econom&#237;a: leyes, banca, seguros, log&#237;stica, construcci&#243;n, distribuci&#243;n el&#233;ctrica, combustible, telefon&#237;a celular, etc.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;d1ee9895-2d51-4325-974f-3b4fbb024499&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;La semana pasada, mientras hac&#237;a riserch pa&#8217; la pr&#243;xima entrega, Charlie Pitt&#237; me comparti&#243; un informe que me dej&#243; impactado, aunque no solamente por el contenido.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La historia que no te cuentan los medios criollos tradicionales&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-07-21T09:20:16.159Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyDC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4c368ea-83d6-4e65-b230-5976300227df_724x934.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lo-que-no-te-dicen-los-medios-criollos&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:207582222,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:1,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>En cuanto a la educaci&#243;n privada, su producto se ha vuelto indispensable gracias a un Estado que, adem&#225;s de proveerlo tan deficientemente que nos deber&#237;a dar verg&#252;enza a <em>todos</em> los paname&#241;os, se encarga que, sin el mismo, la juventud con algo de iniciativa no lleve chance de sobrellevar el hoyo negro de ineficiencia y corrupci&#243;n que es la econom&#237;a paname&#241;a.</p><p>Por consiguiente, miles de familias invierten sumas sustanciales de la poca remuneraci&#243;n que reciben por sus labores &#8212; y, demasiados j&#243;venes, algunos de los a&#241;os m&#225;s productivos de sus vidas &#8212; por un activo cuyo valor depende de una econom&#237;a controlada por grupos corporativos que les puede valer <em>tres</em> si en el patio hay o no una fuerza laboral altamente capacitada.</p><p>En otras palabras, el Estado paname&#241;o no s&#243;lo cre&#243; una econom&#237;a donde estudiar y sacrificarse cada vez pagan menos, sino que termin&#243; facilitando que ciertas empresas lucraran op&#237;paramente de su rotundo fracaso.</p><p>Cuando<span> suficientes j&#243;venes descubran que hicieron exactamente lo que el pa&#237;s les pidi&#243; &#8212; invertir en credenciales m&#225;s que nada superfluas, particularmente en esta econom&#237;a &#8212; pa&#8217; de igual forma pasar p&#225;ramo na&#8217;m&#225;s pa&#8217; pagar la renta, la crisis educativa pasar&#225; a ser una crisis pol&#237;tica, con la frustraci&#243;n econ&#243;mica de toda una generaci&#243;n de diplomados </span><em><span>muertos de hambre</span></em><span> manifestada en las calles </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoMFocllbFw"><span>como rabia y resentimiento</span></a><span>.</span></p><p>Lo que me trae nuevamente al art&#237;culo del Sr. Vel&#225;zquez, y a su jefe, el Diputado Bloise, y el resto de <a href="https://www.laestrella.com.pa/panama/politica/vamos-suspende-a-paulette-thomas-tras-polemica-votacion-en-la-comision-de-educacion-AE24468954">la bancada (cada vez menos) independiente</a>. Mientras siguen hablando de la acreditaci&#243;n universitaria como si un mejor proceso burocr&#225;tico fuese a resolver lo que es un problema de econom&#237;a pol&#237;tica, la industria de la educaci&#243;n privada genera jugosas utilidades, pero ni ustedes ni nadie con la capacidad de hacer algo al respecto sabe si los estudiantes paname&#241;os reciben, a cambio de sus sacrificios, un retorno que justifique semejante inversi&#243;n.</p><p>Honestamente, dif&#237;cil que la gran mayor&#237;a de los diplomas que se conceden en el patio valgan algo m&#225;s que el pedazo de cart&#243;n en el que est&#225;n impresos &#8212; pero como los ineptos (o vendidos) que nos gobiernan ni siquiera intentan <em>medir</em> este valor, el graduado universitario nunca sabr&#225; realmente si bot&#243; su poca plata a la basura, o si no le quedaba otra opci&#243;n m&#225;s que hacerlo.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-10/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What Would a Broad Middle-Class Movement Look Like? (Addendum)]]></title><description><![CDATA[To move the country forward, we need to change what we value as a society]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-f1c</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-f1c</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 09:21:02 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/panama-tierra-de-oportunidades-como-731?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Versi&#243;n original</a></em>.</p><p>The <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/panama-tierra-de-oportunidades-como-731?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">original version</a> of this essay was published November 12, 2025, under the title &#8220;<em>Panam&#225;, Tierra de Oportunidades: C&#243;mo se ver&#237;a un movimiento de clase media amplia (adenda)</em>&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>Got a little soul
The world is a cold, cold place to be
Want a little warmth
But who's gonna save a little warmth for me?</em>
- Vampire Weekend, "Unbelievers" (2013)</pre></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg" width="800" height="537" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:537,&quot;width&quot;:800,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Melting Pot Cartoon in Gilded Age US History&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Melting Pot Cartoon in Gilded Age US History" title="Melting Pot Cartoon in Gilded Age US History" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TNKD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f67587-8604-4bc2-ab73-6ddbd5756d54_800x537.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In his essay <em><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2025/11/autocracy-resistance-social-movement/684336/">America Needs a Mass Movement&#8212;Now</a></em>, David Brooks argues that history&#8217;s greatest political crises rarely end with a mere change of government. More often, they culminate in a collective moral redefinition. His example is the populist-progressive movement that emerged at the turn of the 20th century, when the United States seemed on the verge of collapsing under the weight of its own runaway industrial expansion.</p><p>Back then, much like today&#8217;s billionaires, the <strong>robber barons</strong> had thoroughly captured the U.S. government. The railroad tycoons who connected an entire continent, the steel magnates whose mills forged the locomotives and skyscrapers of a new industrial age, the oil barons who powered the country&#8217;s rise, and the bankers who financed it all exercised influence that extended far beyond politicians, bureaucrats, and judges. Many newspapers &#8212; and even labor unions &#8212; had likewise fallen under the control of the giant conglomerates of the day, so-called trusts.</p><p>These immense concentrations of capital had transformed the country into a sophisticated machine for mass producing inequality. Farmers lost their land. Industrial workers were routinely maimed or killed. Corporate shareholders demanded ever greater &#8220;efficiency,&#8221; squeezing every last ounce of labor from both. Yet amid labor strikes, financial bubbles, and recurring economic crises, something unexpected emerged: a new political coalition.</p><p>Rooted largely in the moral outrage of people who simply refused to live in such an unjust and brutal society, this coalition fought for fair wages and fair prices for those who earned their living through work. More important than any individual reform, however, it fundamentally changed what Americans understood as progress: no longer would it be measured simply by the accumulation of wealth, but by the expansion of human dignity and welfare to all members of the nation.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Get <em>Versi&#243;n Criolla</em> in your inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4>An Unlikely Alliance</h4><p>The movement first took shape on the farms of the American Midwest, where heavily indebted farmers began organizing cooperatives simply to survive. Caught between collapsing crop prices and exorbitant railroad freight rates &#8212; imposed, incidentally, by many of the same interests that also controlled the credit on which they depended &#8212; they had little choice but to join forces. Out of those efforts grew farmers&#8217; alliances and, eventually, the <em>People&#8217;s Party</em>, one of the first organized political challenges to the trusts.</p><p>Meanwhile, in the industrial cities of the Northeast and Midwest &#8212; New York, Boston, Chicago &#8212; a very different generation of reformers was beginning to emerge. Academics, writers, journalists (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muckraker">including </a><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muckraker">muckrakers</a></em>), photographers, and women campaigning for the right to vote came from a world almost entirely unlike that of the farmers: urban rather than rural, more secular than religious. Yet despite those differences, they shared a common vision of what the United States should become.</p><p>Above all, they believed there could be no genuine freedom in a country where the fruits of progress were monopolized by a privileged few. They denounced the corruption of corporate power, the relentless exploitation of industrial workers &#8212; many of them recent immigrants who barely spoke English &#8212; and the manipulation of republican institutions for the benefit of financial and industrial elites. In their place, they envisioned a different kind of state: one that protected ordinary citizens instead of guaranteeing extraordinary privileges for capital.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp" width="1000" height="788" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:788,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:134948,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/i/208843928?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s09L!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15669fa-5b63-4be0-9230-196ab58663ee_1000x788.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>From <a href="https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/us-history-collection/era/populism-and-progressivism-18901918/">this unlikely populist-progressive alliance</a> emerged one of the most transformative reform movements in modern history. It laid the foundations for labor unions, progressive taxation &#8212; those with the greatest means contribute the most &#8212; antitrust laws, workplace safety, public health regulations, state universities, and eventually women&#8217;s suffrage. With social mobility as its north star, the movement reshaped American politics, at least, until the cataclysm of the First World War.</p><p>Most importantly, however, it did not arise from established centers of power. It emerged from the country&#8217;s periphery &#8212; from ordinary citizens who had grown tired of watching their institutions serve concentrated wealth rather than the public.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-f1c?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Would you send this to a friend?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-f1c?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-f1c?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><h4>Toward a Panamanian Mass Movement</h4><p>As I argued in <em>Part 2</em> of this essay, the traditional Left-Right divide no longer means what it once did. Not only has the Left become increasingly gentrified &#8212; while the Right, <a href="https://www.optimallyirrational.com/p/why-has-the-right-become-more-popular">increasingly popularized</a> &#8212; but both camps now devote enormous amounts of political energy to cultural battles rooted in differences that have remarkably little to do with the one divide that matters most: between those who live by the sweat of their brow, and those who live by extracting value, especially through their political &#8220;investments.&#8221;</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;15af116b-2b82-47a3-8343-6d93c9aba3d4&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;What Would a Broad Middle Class Movement Look Like? (Part 2 of 2)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-07-28T09:21:10.800Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-8cb&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:208517868,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:1,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Indeed, as a number of <a href="https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2019/11/the-real-class-war/">U.S. commentators have argued</a>, the defining political fault line of the 21st century no longer separates rich from poor, nor even the famous &#8220;1%&#8221; from the &#8220;99 %.&#8221; Increasingly, it separates those who create value &#8212; workers, entrepreneurs, and small businesses &#8212; from those who extract it through legal, financial, or political intermediation.</p><p>In the United States, for example, the top 0.1% &#8212; including <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtIk7WlINPQ&amp;t=17s">much of the </a><em><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtIk7WlINPQ&amp;t=17s">FIRE</a></em><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtIk7WlINPQ&amp;t=17s"> sector</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqr2aKU84Tg">major technology firms</a>, and other extraordinarily powerful interests &#8212; has become increasingly detached not only from the rest of society, but even from the professional-managerial class that occupies the top decile of the income distribution.</p><p>That growing divide helps explain much of the anger now felt by the remaining 90%, who&#8217;ve had remarkably little meaningful political representation for decades. Neither Democrats, increasingly aligned with the urban professional classes, nor Republicans, on the payroll of the 0.1%, speak for citizens who have little to offer the market besides several decades of increasingly insecure labor. Neglected by both parties &#8212; and often failed by their own government &#8212; these voters have become one of the principal forces driving the authoritarian movements now challenging liberal democracy across much of the globe.</p><p>In Panama, however, this fracture runs even deeper. Our own top 0.1% not only captures the overwhelming share of the wealth generated by this tiny strip of Central American isthmus. Through state capture, it also dictates the rules of the game: the laws, regulations, government contracts, and subsidies that together make up Panama&#8217;s so-called economic model.</p><p>Designed to transfer value from the country&#8217;s unique geographical endowment to its most profitable corporations, this system ultimately places the fiscal burden of the state on the relatively small number of workers &#8212; both blue-collar and professional &#8212; who manage to create genuine value through their labor. Meanwhile, virtually everyone below these firms&#8217; top executives pays the price through <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/when-being-the-cost-of-doing-business?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">some of the highest electricity costs</a> in the region, <a href="https://www.prensa.com/sociedad/casi-seis-meses-sin-agua-potable-azuero-enfrenta-su-peor-crisis/">deteriorating public services</a>, and an economy that increasingly rewards intermediaries over producers.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg" width="1456" height="1092" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Las plantas de Chitr&#233;, Los Santos, Macaracas y Llano de Piedra han paralizado operaciones debido a la alta turbiedad y carga org&#225;nica en el agua, imposibilitando su tratamiento seguro. | Foto: Minsa&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Las plantas de Chitr&#233;, Los Santos, Macaracas y Llano de Piedra han paralizado operaciones debido a la alta turbiedad y carga org&#225;nica en el agua, imposibilitando su tratamiento seguro. | Foto: Minsa" title="Las plantas de Chitr&#233;, Los Santos, Macaracas y Llano de Piedra han paralizado operaciones debido a la alta turbiedad y carga org&#225;nica en el agua, imposibilitando su tratamiento seguro. | Foto: Minsa" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IeAm!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06eef0cb-e1bb-48a7-8a74-f76a438a5e01_2560x1920.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>If we are going to build a social movement capable of truly changing the country&#8217;s direction, its political base must be broad and extraordinarily resilient. It must include both blue-collar and service-sector workers, as well as professionals and entrepreneurs &#8212; even those who work for the very companies that extract value from the state, naturally, the ones that pay the best salaries. This cannot happen unless both sides stop seeing each other as &#8220;the enemy&#8221; and understand that only <em>together</em> can they confront Panama&#8217;s intermediary class, whose rents have given it almost unlimited political power.</p><p>Unionized workers and farmers, for their part, cannot dismiss office workers &#8212; and especially activists &#8212; as spoiled brats disconnected from the country&#8217;s reality, however much they may sometimes seem that way. More importantly, they need to see that professionals sitting in air-conditioned offices are also exploited by their employers, even if indirectly. To top it off, they often end up paying the state a larger share of what little they earn.</p><p>Panama&#8217;s educated professionals, meanwhile, must recognize that many of the people they so often look down on &#8212; more than anything because of the way they think &#8212; live in a world completely different from that of someone with a university degree. Above all, professionals need to grasp that, however attractive their paychecks may seem, the country&#8217;s &#8220;best&#8221; employers have interests fundamentally opposed to those of the overwhelming majority of their employees. At the end of the day, both groups of workers face the same problem, whether they realize it or not: no matter how hard they bust their respective asses, the money they earn will never be enough.</p><p>A broad middle-class movement, if it truly hopes to be transformative, must bring these two forces together: moral outrage at injustice and empathy for those who lost life&#8217;s lottery. Beyond practical considerations, populism without a sustainable project &#8212; without a long-term vision &#8212; easily degenerates into destructive resentment, the same resentment that has brought down several of our sister Latin American republics. Likewise, progressivism without popular roots, without at least some connection to everyone who works for a living, becomes little more than masturbation &#8212; even if it gets millions of likes &#8212; and, as a result, wilts into irrelevance. In the worst case, it ends up helping the common executioner of the country&#8217;s workers, entrepreneurs, and small-to-medium businesses.</p><p>In practice, Panamanian workers, especially organized labor and those in <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/union-metastasis-when-workers-allies?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">artificially restricted trades</a>, must stop trying to curry favor with politicians in exchange for subsidies, special treatment, and labor market restriction, and instead begin demanding public participation in the exploitation of the national resource.</p><p>Panama&#8217;s progressives, instead of speaking only to the highly educated, must fight for policies that benefit the overwhelming majority of the population equally &#8212; ideally, directly and universally. The laws that truly serve the country are those that create opportunity and encourage domestic production so that, if we do things right, the quality of life of the average Panamanian improves.</p><p>If we fail to build a social movement along these lines, the wealthiest 0.1% of the population will continue doing what it does best: selling off the country, while everyone else is left to fend for themselves with the help of an inept and supremely deeply corrupt state.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-f1c/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-f1c/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-f1c?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-f1c?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What Would a Broad Middle Class Movement Look Like? (Part 2 of 2)]]></title><description><![CDATA[To move the country forward, we need to change what we value as a society]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-8cb</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-8cb</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 28 Jul 2026 09:21:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/panama-tierra-de-oportunidades-como-5cb?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Versi&#243;n original</a></em>.</p><p>The <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panama-tierra-de-oportunidades-como-5cb?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;triedRedirect=true">original version</a> of this essay was published November 6, 2025, under the title &#8220;<em>Panam&#225;, Tierra de Oportunidades: C&#243;mo se ver&#237;a un movimiento de clase media amplia (2 de 2)</em>.&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>Ese tipo que va al club de golf, si lo hubieras visto ayer
Dando gritos de </em>Yankee, go home<em>, coreando slogans de Fidel
Hoy tiene un adoqu&#237;n, en su despacho, del Muro de Berl&#237;n</em>
- Joaqu&#237;n Sabina, "El Muro de Berl&#237;n" (1990)</pre></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp" width="640" height="360" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:360,&quot;width&quot;:640,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Panam&#225;: por qu&#233; la enorme mina de cobre clausurada tras las masivas  protestas de 2023 sigue siendo un \&quot;asunto urgente\&quot; por resolver - BBC News  Mundo&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Panam&#225;: por qu&#233; la enorme mina de cobre clausurada tras las masivas  protestas de 2023 sigue siendo un &quot;asunto urgente&quot; por resolver - BBC News  Mundo" title="Panam&#225;: por qu&#233; la enorme mina de cobre clausurada tras las masivas  protestas de 2023 sigue siendo un &quot;asunto urgente&quot; por resolver - BBC News  Mundo" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n01j!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f90c210-7a28-4283-bf62-3e2f0fbb4181_640x360.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Another major change I&#8217;ve witnessed over the course of my lifetime &#8212; though this one began long before I was born &#8212; is the transformation of what we lazily call the Left and the Right, particularly in the developed world. The gentrification of the Left (or liberals) and its mirror image, the popularization of the Right (or conservatives), have produced an almost complete reversal of the political coalitions that had defined both camps since the Industrial Revolution, before beginning to unravel in the decades following World War II.</p><p>This shift has been driven primarily by two slow but profound socioeconomic transformations. The first is deindustrialization, wherever it occurred. The second is globalization. Together, they fundamentally reshaped the social composition of both sides of the political divide. Whereas the Left once drew its strength from organized labor, industrial unions, and &#8212; to a lesser extent &#8212; the rural peasantry, today&#8217;s Right has become the political home of much of what remains of the working class.</p><p>Meanwhile, the liberals who now dominate center-left parties across North America and Western Europe not only tend to identify far less with the struggles that won workers many of the rights we all take for granted today &#8212; paid weekends, vacation time, and safer working conditions &#8212; but they&#8217;ve also received significantly more formal education than the average citizen.</p><p>Besides making them rather insufferable at times (myself included), this has increasingly aligned their interests with concerns that often bear little resemblance to those of the average Panamanian worker, especially those without a college degree.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pa&#8217; que te llegue al inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>As a result, what was once a political struggle centered primarily on economic rights has gradually given way to a patchwork of social causes and various forms of <strong>#activism</strong> that do little to confront Panama&#8217;s underlying problem: its staggering inequality.</p><p>Indeed, in the name of &#8220;social justice&#8221; &#8212; or environmental justice, gender justice, or whatever the cause <em>du jour</em> might be &#8212; Panama has become one of the most unequal countries in Latin America, where the overwhelming majority of the wealth generated by our unique resources ultimately ends up in the pockets of a handful of powerful family dynasties &#8212; and, to a lesser extent, in the paychecks that many of us depend on to buy our groceries at the local equivalent of <em>Whole Foods</em>. </p><p>This gentrification of class politics has been nothing short of disastrous for Panama&#8217;s broad middle class. Not only has it made it easier for massive business conglomerates to capture our supposedly democratic state &#8212; and, as a result, dictate much of the country&#8217;s public policy &#8212; but it has also prevented the political alliances necessary to counter what is, for all practical purposes, a public-private mafia.</p><p>Generally well-intentioned, these movements focus on cultural issues and niche concerns affecting relatively small segments of the population, creating divisions between groups that should be natural allies, if only because they share the same predator. At the end of the day, the working class, on the one hand, and the professional-managerial class &#8212; including students, environmentalists, and social justice warriors &#8212; on the other, have little choice but to join forces in a broad Populist-Progressive coalition.</p><p>Otherwise, they stand virtually no chance against the corporate <em>caudillos</em> whose outsized political (and media) power remains the single greatest obstacle to Panama&#8217;s development.</p><h4>When the Cold War Ended</h4><p>One of the real gems I&#8217;ve discovered on Substack is <em><a href="https://www.optimallyirrational.com/">Optimally Irrational</a></em>, a newsletter written by economist Lionel Page. In a series of essays on what he calls &#8220;<a href="https://www.optimallyirrational.com/p/the-gentrification-of-the-left">the gentrification of the Left</a>,&#8221; Page examines how, at least across the industrialized world, progressive politics gradually stopped representing the material interests of working people: higher wages, better working conditions, paid leave, the right to strike, retirement, and the like.</p><p>This happened because, especially after the Reagan Revolution, the industrial working class &#8212; and, with it, the powerful labor unions that had formed the backbone of social-democratic parties in Western Europe, and of the Democratic Party in the United States &#8212; began a steep and prolonged decline. Once Keynesian economics proved unable to tame the inflation of the 1970s and early 1980s, and communism lost what little credibility it had left with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Left in the West found itself <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/neoliberalism-from-the-reagan-revolution?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">ideologically adrift</a>.</p><p>But as Page points out, beyond the battle of ideas, what it really lost was its social foundations. On the one hand, deindustrialization emptied the factories and mines where labor unions had been forged, weakening their organizational power while eroding the sense of community &#8212; and shared purpose &#8212; that had long sustained the working class.</p><p>On the other hand, globalization tied national economies more tightly than ever to foreign investment, allowing capital to move across borders with unprecedented ease. Multinational corporations that thrived under this new system could now threaten entire countries with relocating their operations abroad, extracting tax breaks, environmental exemptions, and labor concessions that, in practice, neutralized many of the already limited protections governments had once provided their citizens.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;cd77be25-1011-4cee-bbea-b382b87ceff9&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;At its core, populism is about respect (and revenge)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-07-24T14:07:16.341Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cVXl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c197f80-b0aa-48b9-ae62-b09f310d1b42_1800x1013.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/at-its-core-populism-is-about-respect&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:168881578,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:4,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>To this we must add another unprecedented development: the explosion of higher education throughout the developed world. What had once been a relatively small educated elite gradually became an entire social class composed of college graduates, academics, creatives, bureaucrats, and other professionals. Predominantly urban and cosmopolitan, Page describes this new class as &#8220;morally ambitious:&#8221; Having grown up in societies of relative material prosperity, many increasingly came to define progress not in economic terms, but in symbolic ones.</p><p><em>The Obama years in the United States offer perhaps the clearest example of this.</em></p><p>Where previous generations of workers fought for better wages and decent working conditions &#8212; that is, jobs that wouldn&#8217;t kill or maim them &#8212; today&#8217;s progressives increasingly fight for recognition, particularly of previously overlooked historical injustices. They march for diversity, usually racial or sexual, seldom ideological, as well as sustainability.</p><p>These may well be noble causes, but they divert attention from the economic structures that produce Panama&#8217;s staggering inequality &#8212; the problem that, especially in these turbulent times, must become the country&#8217;s overriding political priority.</p><p>The Left, then, while it didn&#8217;t disappear, certainly lost its labor backbone. Other social groups gradually replaced industrial workers as the core constituency of center-left parties. Along with them came a different political agenda &#8212; one often focused on comparatively marginal issues, while overlooking the material realities confronting much of the population, precisely as their economic lives were becoming more precarious.</p><p>The result has been a profound cultural transformation within modern liberalism. Almost without realizing it, it evolved from what Page describes as &#8220;a political project aimed at improving the material conditions of the majority&#8221; into &#8220;a moral project of self-expression for the educated elite&#8221; &#8212; in other words, <em>live your truth, baby</em>.</p><p>Instead of rallying citizens around a nationwide goal capable of improving life for the overwhelming majority of Panamanians &#8212; not merely whichever marginalized group happens to currently dominate the headlines &#8212; many contemporary liberals now disperse their political energy across an ever-growing number of identity-based causes. In traditionally conservative societies like Panama, that strategy often generates cultural backlash while doing practically nothing to address the country&#8217;s main issues.</p><h4>Progressive Own-Goals</h4><p>We can already see a version of this dynamic playing out across Latin America. Chile, for example, recently had a once-in-a-generation opportunity to rewrite its constitution &#8212; one inherited from the Pinochet dictatorship and long regarded as a cornerstone of the country&#8217;s deep inequalities.</p><p>Initially, the effort enjoyed overwhelming public support, yet ultimately ended in spectacular failure. Part of the reason, I would argue, was that the progressive coalition leading the constitutional convention failed to prioritize the material concerns of the majority of Chileans. Instead, much of the public debate became consumed by symbolic issues &#8212; gender-inclusive language, the rights of Indigenous peoples, and a host of other comparatively marginal questions.</p><p>Whether those causes were just or not, actually, is beside the point. By the time Chileans rejected <a href="https://www.idea.int/es/news/plebiscito-en-chile-tres-puntos-considerar">the proposed constitution</a> in 2022, many had simply grown tired of its authors&#8217; priorities.</p><p>Germany offers another cautionary tale, with its &#8220;green agenda&#8221; having imposed substantial costs on both workers and consumers. In 2023, after years of political pressure led by its Green Party, the country completed a full nuclear phase-out, voluntarily shutting down perfectly functional power plants because of concerns over their safety.</p><p>Then came Russia&#8217;s invasion of Ukraine. As Moscow&#8217;s natural gas supplies disappeared under EU sanctions, Germany found itself in the midst of a prolonged energy crisis, with households and industry alike facing soaring costs. In one of the most striking acts of national self-sabotage in recent memory, the country voluntarily <a href="https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/flna.sci.engin.systems.germanynuc/germany-phases-out-nuclear-power/">abandoned its only reliable source</a> of baseload, carbon-free electricity &#8212; just as geopolitics made energy independence paramount once again.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-8cb?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Would you share this with a friend?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-8cb?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-8cb?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>In Panama, the potential costs of open-pit mining <a href="https://arcamediaendirecto.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ARCA_SEPTIEMBRE-2025_ENCUESTA_DOXA.pdf">are dividing the country</a>. Setting aside the business groups &#8212; and their political allies &#8212; that profited directly or indirectly from the mine, there are also hundreds of local workers whose livelihoods would benefit substantially, at least in the short and medium term, if its operations resumed. </p><p>But mining, as we&#8217;ve already seen, is a trade-off that will produce both winners <em>and</em> losers. What I struggle to understand, however, is the almost singular focus many environmental groups place on this particular activity, when Panama already tolerates forms of environmental degradation that are just as damaging, if not worse.</p><p>We&#8217;ve filled the Bay of Panama &#8212; perhaps the defining physical feature of our capital, and the very reason the city was founded &#8212; with untreated sewage, depriving generations of residents of its beaches. To this day, Cerro Patac&#243;n remains an open landfill that, until recently, regularly blanketed much of Panama City in toxic smoke whenever it caught fire. And what about the rivers of Azuero, whose agricultural pollution, at least the one we know about, has left thousands of people without drinking water.</p><p>Finally, consider the unusually high rates of chronic kidney disease in Panama&#8217;s central provinces, particularly among agricultural workers and truck drivers. Although the causes remain a &#8220;mystery,&#8221; far too many Panamanians are condemned to spending years of their lives <a href="https://www.tvn-2.com/contenido-exclusivo/enfermedad-renal-cronica-pacientes-renales-cronicos-agricultura-mineria-y-clima-factores-de-riesgo-mineria-en-panama-agricultura-cambio-climatico_1_2145921.html">connected to dialysis machines</a> simply to stay alive. Perhaps if we had a truly representative state &#8212; one capable of protecting the environment seriously &#8212; we wouldn&#8217;t tolerate these kinds of preventable human tragedies happening with such regularity.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp" width="880" height="495" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:495,&quot;width&quot;:880,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Una persona recibe tratamiento de di&#225;lisis. Imagen ilustrativa&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Una persona recibe tratamiento de di&#225;lisis. Imagen ilustrativa" title="Una persona recibe tratamiento de di&#225;lisis. Imagen ilustrativa" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sHqz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F171e1e60-291f-4c95-b58d-cc6f89030362_880x495.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Can&#8217;t Save the Planet Until We Take Back the State</h4><p>To be clear, I generally support the goals of many identity-based movements. I support same-sex marriage, for example, and believe abortion should be a legal right, properly regulated, in any free and just society &#8212; not because I&#8217;m a feminist, necessarily, but because reproducing poverty is an especially cruel way of punishing children who never had a choice in the matter.</p><p>As for the environment, I&#8217;m well aware that, whether or not <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene">we&#8217;ve formally entered the Anthropocene</a>, we&#8217;re certainly heading in that direction. And mining &#8212; especially as it was carried out in Donoso, under an unconstitutional legal framework &#8212; would represent not merely an environmental catastrophe but a political one as well, which could very easily bring an end to our <em>res publica</em>.</p><p>Until we recover our captured state, in fact, I&#8217;m perfectly happy leaving every ounce of that copper underground. As for both the mining company and its local intermediaries, who&#8217;ve made millions providing it with all kinds of services, they can all go to hell.</p><p>Yet, as a Panamanian, I also have to recognize that I&#8217;m in the minority in this and many other questions of national importance. Some of my positions, in fact, run counter to the material interests of many of my fellow citizens, who simply want to provide a decent life for their families.</p><p>And while I&#8217;m convinced that doubling down on the same model we&#8217;ve followed since the U.S. handed us back the Canal won&#8217;t solve our problems, we can&#8217;t simply say &#8220;shut down the mine&#8221; without first offering a credible path toward ending the nation&#8217;s disgraceful inequality.</p><p>Because, whether we like it or not, that inequality remains one of the principal drivers of the environmental degradation we see all around us.</p><p>Or do you think the people dumping garbage into the Juan D&#237;az River do it for sport?</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;1f1e4108-828e-489e-96d9-52e8758a0e5e&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Panama Doesn't &#8220;Need&#8221; the Copper Mine&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-28T09:20:22.168Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stnE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7db57dca-8596-4409-b5f5-82672deb68ca_1480x833.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panama-doesnt-need-the-copper-mine&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:189195506,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>In fact, the disconnect between many activists&#8217; priorities and the material needs of the broader population has helped fuel the global resurgence of authoritarian populism across both political tribes. Without an alliance with working people &#8212; and, specifically, unless progressives once again identify with the majority of Panamanians who work simply to survive under our economic model &#8212; we&#8217;ll never build the kind of social movement David Brooks urges Americans to build, a movement capable of changing the one thing that matters most in Panama: how its extraordinary wealth is distributed.</p><p>In that spirit, Panama&#8217;s wage earners, entrepreneurs, and small businesses &#8212; including organized labor &#8212; must learn to speak with one voice and rally around a single objective: the comprehensive reform of Panama&#8217;s economic model. Not to enrich the same family dynasties (or new ones), nor in the name of a particular ideology, but to expand ordinary citizens&#8217; access to the country&#8217;s wealth. The only way to break the cycle of inequality and state capture is to build a coalition of those who create value against those who extract it.</p><p>A social movement cannot limit itself to exposing the symptoms of a fundamentally rotten system. It must also persuade the working majority that the enemy is <em>not</em> other workers, but the minority that controls access to the nation&#8217;s public assets. Like the Populist-Progressive coalition <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement?r=1pwf3">I highlighted in </a><em><a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement?r=1pwf3">Part 1</a></em>, this movement would belong neither to the Left nor to the Right. It would be about justice and shared prosperity, as well as uniting blue-collar workers and office workers, producers and merchants, and those who work with their hands with those who work with their minds.</p><p>In the next installment, we&#8217;ll finally talk about what such a movement might look like in Panama.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-8cb/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-8cb/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" 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href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement-8cb?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Lucrando del Colapso, Parte 9]]></title><description><![CDATA[Cuando 'tar limpio sale demasiado caro]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-9</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-9</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 09:21:09 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg" width="447" height="447" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:447,&quot;width&quot;:447,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;El mercado celular paname&#241;o tiene dos operadores. Pronto podr&#237;a tener tres.  Tigo y M&#225;s M&#243;vil se reparten hoy un mercado de m&#225;s de 5 millones de l&#237;neas  activas y $613 millones en&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="El mercado celular paname&#241;o tiene dos operadores. Pronto podr&#237;a tener tres.  Tigo y M&#225;s M&#243;vil se reparten hoy un mercado de m&#225;s de 5 millones de l&#237;neas  activas y $613 millones en" title="El mercado celular paname&#241;o tiene dos operadores. Pronto podr&#237;a tener tres.  Tigo y M&#225;s M&#243;vil se reparten hoy un mercado de m&#225;s de 5 millones de l&#237;neas  activas y $613 millones en" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85n4!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F304937b7-050c-4796-ba1c-85e669a42367_447x447.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A principios de mes, mi proveedor de celular (voz, texto y data) volvi&#243; a aumentar el precio de mi plan mensual, de $47.04 a $48.18. Te dir&#237;a cu&#225;l es la compa&#241;&#237;a, pero en Panam&#225; da exactamente igual: como forman un duopolio, <em>Tigo </em>y <em>+M&#243;vil</em> controlan el mercado, y por m&#225;s que nuestro Estado secuestrado &#8220;prohiba&#8221; el alza de precios, aqu&#237; todos sabemos pa qui&#233;nes se escriben las reglas del juego.</p><p>Revisando mis datos, pude comprobar que desde diciembre de 2022, lo m&#225;s que pude echar pa&#8217;tr&#225;s, hasta hoy &#8212; menos de 4 a&#241;os &#8212; mi cuenta de celular ha subido un 7.5%, <em>lo que vendr&#237;a siendo la inflaci&#243;nnn</em>. Aunque &#8216;tamos hablando de poco m&#225;s de 3 palos al mes, si lo multiplicas por todos los usuarios pospago, son millones de d&#243;lares al a&#241;o extra&#237;dos del consumidor, y de la econom&#237;a dom&#233;stica, por encima de lo que pagar&#237;a en un mercado realmente libre y competitivo.</p><p>As&#237; es como nos roban la gran mayor&#237;a de las empresas<em> </em>que han logrado secuestrar el Estado paname&#241;o: individualmente, y poco a poco, pa&#8217; que el <em>yucazo</em> se esparza lo m&#225;s posible y, de esta manera, no nos duela tanto a cada uno. Pero pa&#8217; un pa&#237;s en la precaria situaci&#243;n socioecon&#243;mica en la que est&#225; Panam&#225;, esto equivale a echarle sal a una herida &#8212; la cual tiene tanto tiempo abierta, por cierto, que ya est&#225; cubierta de ronchas y pus.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pa&#8217; que te llegue al inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>No obstante, no fue hace tanto tiempo que los paname&#241;os pod&#237;amos escoger entre cuatro operadores: <em>+M&#243;vil</em>, <em>Movistar</em>, <em>Claro</em> y <em>Digicel</em>. El proceso de concentraci&#243;n comenz&#243; en 2022, cuando <em>+M&#243;vil</em> absorbi&#243; a <em>Claro</em> y, por ah&#237; mismo, <em><a href="https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/Digicel-sale-de-Panama-por-la-fusion-de-Claro-con-Liberty-que-mete-al-Estado-como-operador-celular-20220411-0087.html">Digicel</a></em><a href="https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/Digicel-sale-de-Panama-por-la-fusion-de-Claro-con-Liberty-que-mete-al-Estado-como-operador-celular-20220411-0087.html"> anunci&#243; su salida</a>, alegando que la fusi&#243;n imposibilitaba la competencia en el mercado.</p><p>Sin embargo, los tres d&#243;lares adicionales que ahora todos los meses pago yo, y me imagino que muchos de ustedes, puede ser el menor de los problemas que esta vil mancuerna le causa a la econom&#237;a nacional. De hecho, los pospago somos probablemente los clientes que menos sufrimos la manera en que el Estado paname&#241;o ha dise&#241;ado un mercado en el que participar no es opcional. La yuca m&#225;s <em>focop</em> se la clavan a los prepago, que tienden a ser los paname&#241;os m&#225;s pobres.</p><h4>Donde ser pobre cuesta <em>buco</em> plata</h4><p><a href="https://asep.gob.pa/direcciones/telecomunicaciones/estadisticas/">Casi 4 de cada 5 l&#237;neas de celular</a> en el patio son prepago, es decir, clientes que compran el servicio conforme, m&#225;s que nada, a lo que en ese momento pueden pagar. Es particularmente aqu&#237; donde el cartel de la telefon&#237;a celular hace <em>japai</em> con cada d&#243;lar extra que le quita al 80% de la poblaci&#243;n que menos tiene pa&#8217; gastar. Aunque tanto pre- como post-pago terminan usando t&#233;cnicamente el mismo servicio &#8212; definitivamente la misma red &#8212; el prepago acaba pagando much&#237;simo m&#225;s por unidad de consumo, simplemente porque, como la enorme mayor&#237;a de los usuarios de cel en el patio, &#8216;ta limpio la mayor&#237;a del tiempo.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;c997ccb4-5387-4ed2-a6f2-a6909debcf12&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Jane says &#8220;I&#8217;m going away to Spain when I get my money saved. Gonna start tomorrow.&#8221; - Jane's Addiction, \&quot;Jane Says\&quot; (1987)&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Nunca vamos a aprender&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-04T09:20:44.884Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8CLV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa24366c2-a18e-4840-8324-8da32966bb62_1920x1279.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/nunca-vamos-a-aprender&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:195934516,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:2,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Naturalmente, esto tiende a ser lo que sucede en un mercado libre: comprando al por mayor ahorras, y entre mayor la cantidad, mayor el ahorro. El problema es que hoy el ciudadano promedio necesita comunicaci&#243;n digital pa&#8217; <em>sobrevivir</em>: si no tienes celular con data, tu productividad econ&#243;mica es nula.</p><p>Esto resulta en otro impuesto m&#225;s sobre quienes est&#225;n obligados a trabajar diariamente pa&#8217; que no se los coma la econom&#237;a nacional &#8212; una especie de &#8220;prima por ser pobre&#8221;. Mientras menos capacidad tengas pa&#8217; conectarte al mundo, m&#225;s caro te sale la bendita conexi&#243;n. Las promociones cambian constantemente pero, al final del d&#237;a, el que ya tiene plata recibe descuento. Mientras tanto, pa&#8217;l que tiene que partirse el <em>fuas</em> s&#243;lo pa&#8217; llevar el pan a la casa, es explotaci&#243;n perfectamente legal.</p><p>Y como el mercado local est&#225; duopolizado, la inmensa mayor&#237;a de los clientes prepago no tienen otra opci&#243;n m&#225;s que calarse una yuca pr&#225;cticamente id&#233;ntica, sea por parte de <em>Tigo</em> o de <em>+M&#243;vil</em>.</p><p><em>Pero absolutamente nada de esto tiene que ser as&#237;.</em></p><p>Una vez Panam&#225; pas&#243; de cuatro operadores de celular a dos, el Estado pudo devolverle competencia al mercado sin construir una sola torre. Pa&#237;ses con problemas similares, por ejemplo, optaron por facilitar la entrada de operadores m&#243;viles virtuales (<em>MVNOs</em>, por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s): <a href="https://www.itu.int/hub/2020/03/top-5-trends-for-mobile-virtual-network-operators-mvnos/">empresas que utilizan la infraestructura existente</a> pa&#8217; competir con sus propios planes y precios. Otros obligaron a los due&#241;os de las redes a <a href="https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-closes-its-depth-investigation-proposed-regulation-market-wholesale-access-mobile">vender capacidad al por mayor</a> a precios razonables, precisamente, pa&#8217; evitar que s&#243;lo dos compa&#241;&#237;as terminaran controlando todo el mercado &#8212; constituyendo as&#237; un monopolio <em>de facto</em>.</p><p>Lo que han hecho nuestros l&#237;deres pol&#237;ticos, sin embargo, es haber permitido que dos multinacionales se apoderaran de un mercado dom&#233;stico cr&#237;tico. Como he venido documentando a lo largo de esta serie, el Estado paname&#241;o termina escribiendo las reglas del juego pa&#8217; que los servicios esenciales generen rentas extraordinarias, m&#225;s que nada, pa&#8217; las empresas que controlan su provisi&#243;n. La telefon&#237;a m&#243;vil es simplemente otro ejemplo del hambre por quitarle hasta el &#250;ltimo centavo a los asalariados, emprendedores y pymes del patio.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-9?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#191;Le compartir&#237;as esto a un amigo?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-9?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-9?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>La cruda realidad es que Panam&#225; figura entre los pa&#237;ses m&#225;s caros de Am&#233;rica Latina en precio por gigabyte de data, un est&#225;ndar de la industria, muy por encima de econom&#237;as con ingresos considerablemente menores a los nuestros. Es decir, el paname&#241;o promedio no s&#243;lo paga una prima por &#8216;tar limpio todo el tiempo, sino que tambi&#233;n paga m&#225;s de la cuenta en relaci&#243;n a gran parte de los consumidores del resto de la regi&#243;n.</p><p>Seg&#250;n <a href="https://bestbroadbanddeals.co.uk/mobiles/worldwide-data-pricing/">el estudio internacional (2023)</a> m&#225;s amplio sobre precios de data m&#243;vil &#8212; el cual compara miles de planes en m&#225;s de 230 pa&#237;ses &#8212; el paname&#241;o paga alrededor de $1.63 por giga. En Colombia, no obstante, ese mismo giga cuesta 20 centavos en promedio, o <em>un octavo</em>. Y en Nicaragua, con solamente 20% del PIB per c&#225;pita paname&#241;o, vale $0.55.</p><p>La vaina es que, regionalmente, Panam&#225; tiene una de las econom&#237;as m&#225;s urbanizadas y uno de los ingresos promedio m&#225;s altos, tras que su geograf&#237;a es relativamente barata de cubrir con buena se&#241;al. Deber&#237;amos, al menos en teor&#237;a, beneficiarnos de considerables econom&#237;as de escala.</p><p><em>Pero no, como mansos congos, en Panam&#225; pagamos m&#250;ltiplos por encima de lo que pagan la mayor&#237;a de nuestros pares latinoamericanos.</em></p><p>Obvio, con el mercado acaparado, los incentivos <em>&#8216;tan clarito&#8217;</em> y no tienen absolutamente nada que ver con dar el mejor servicio al precio m&#225;s competitivo. Por ejemplo, <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1712184/000171218425000094/lila-20250331.htm">los informes de </a><em><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1712184/000171218425000094/lila-20250331.htm">Liberty Latin America</a></em>, la multinacional detr&#225;s de <em>+M&#243;vil</em>, celebran p&#250;blicamente el aumento del ingreso promedio por cliente prepago, en ingl&#233;s, <em>average revenue per user</em> o ARPU. </p><p>B&#225;sicamente, aun cuando disminu&#237;a el volumen de clientes o la actividad prepago, <em>+M&#243;vil</em> lograba sacarle m&#225;s plata, en promedio, a los paname&#241;os obligados a consumir de recarga en recarga. Como equivalen a la enorme mayor&#237;a del mercado, cualquier aumento en lo que de ellos extrae el duopolio de los celulares resulta en un <em>billet&#243;n</em> pa&#8217; ambas compa&#241;&#237;as &#8212; y, todo esto, sin la necesidad de competir por mayor participaci&#243;n en el mercado (<em>market share</em>).</p><p>La idea no es conseguir m&#225;s clientes, sino quitarle lo m&#225;s posible a los que ya tienen, y honestamente vale <em>tres</em> que sean aquellos que m&#225;s p&#225;ramo pasan pa&#8217; salir adelante en este pa&#237;s, claro est&#225;, sin convertirse en maleantes &#8212; que es lo que terminan haciendo demasiados paname&#241;os, sea por pobreza o ambici&#243;n.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;0ca47e41-03d2-4704-bb2c-b267682f8a3a&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;En las eternas palabras de Special Agent David Kujan de la Oficina de Aduanas de los Estados Unidos, stop me when this sounds familiar:&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Un impuesto sobre el valor de la tierra ser&#237;a un gran mecanismo anti-corrupci&#243;n&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-31T09:20:34.418Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UygA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6083349b-146d-4d72-86a2-40c88649f8ac_1440x809.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/un-impuesto-sobre-el-valor-de-la&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:191192885,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Desgraciadamente, nuestro Estado no solamente fracasa protegiendo la competencia en el patio, sino que termina convirtiendo la provisi&#243;n de lo b&#225;sico un descarado <em>chanchullo</em> pa&#8217;l par de carteles que lo han secuestrado. Lo vemos con <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-5?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">el agua</a>, <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-2?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">la energ&#237;a</a>, <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/cuando-ser-costo-de-hacer-negocios">el combustible</a> y cualquier tipo <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-4?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">de cr&#233;dito</a> o <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">seguro</a>: los ingresos de estas compa&#241;&#237;as dependen cada vez menos de, como m&#237;nimo, dar un mejor servicio que la competencia que de extraer cada centavo posible del consumidor, por algo que pr&#225;cticamente cualquier adulto el siglo XXI <em>tiene</em> que tener pa&#8217; poder producir &#8212; como la electricidad, el transporte y el acceso al capital. </p><p>Ya van cuatro a&#241;os desde que comenz&#243; la concentraci&#243;n de uno de los mercados m&#225;s importantes del pa&#237;s, y poco m&#225;s de dos desde que los paname&#241;os estamos a la merced de un duopolio que, lento pero seguro, desangra al consumidor criollo del poco salario que recibe a cambio de su trabajo.</p><p><em>&#191;Y qu&#233; ha hecho el Estado paname&#241;o al respecto?</em></p><p>Primero vinieron los comunicados, <a href="https://asep.gob.pa/asep-solicita-a-acodeco-investigar-aumentos-recurrentes-en-planes-de-empresas-telefonicas/">despu&#233;s las investigaciones</a> y luego ACODECO, la <s>agencia</s> charada nacional de &#8220;protecci&#243;n al consumidor&#8221;, orden&#243; suspender provisionalmente <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DVzMa-cjZVz/">los aumentos</a> mientras analizaba posibles &#8220;pr&#225;cticas monopol&#237;sticas&#8221;.</p><p>Meses m&#225;s tarde, sin embargo, la propia <em>Autoridad de los Servicios P&#250;blicos</em> (ASEP) <a href="https://asep.gob.pa/asep-aclara-el-marco-legal-sobre-el-establecimiento-de-precios-en-los-servicios-de-telecomunicaciones/">termin&#243; reconociendo p&#250;blicamente</a> lo que ya todos aqu&#237; sabemos: que no tiene potestad alguna pa&#8217; impedir que <em>Tigo</em> y <em>+M&#243;vil</em> hagan lo que se les de la gana. Lo &#250;nico que puede hacer es verificar que las compa&#241;&#237;as llenen correctamente los respectivos formularios antes de trabarnos y, seg&#250;n la instituci&#243;n, eso fue exactamente lo que hizo.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;M&#243;vil Celular &#8211; Autoridad Nacional de los Servicios P&#250;blicos&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="M&#243;vil Celular &#8211; Autoridad Nacional de los Servicios P&#250;blicos" title="M&#243;vil Celular &#8211; Autoridad Nacional de los Servicios P&#250;blicos" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Btgx!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d8bd3e2-57f0-4ffa-a1c8-7fc989461cdf_2976x1984.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>No fue sino hasta junio de este a&#241;o que el gobierno de <em>Mulinelli</em> lanz&#243; <a href="https://asep.gob.pa/panama-abre-puerta-a-nueva-era-de-competencia-digital-con-licitacion-de-un-tercer-operador-movil/">una licitaci&#243;n internacional</a> pa&#8217; incorporar un &#8220;tercer operador&#8221; &#8212; luego que <a href="https://alminutonoticia.com/noticias/digicel-sale-de-panama-clientes-deberan-portarse-a-otras-redes-para-continuar-con-su-servicio/">un proceso similar</a> en 2023 concluyese infructuosamente &#8212; pero la adjudicaci&#243;n no est&#225; ni cerca de hacerse, ni sabemos si aparecer&#225; un operador dispuesto a invertir millones en un mercado comprometido por completo. A&#250;n si todo sale seg&#250;n espera el gobierno, el bolsillo del usuario no va a sentir la de diferencia por <em>un lon, pero looonnn tain</em>.</p><p>Por mientras, t&#250; tranquilo que el duopolio seguir&#225; facturando como los grandes, empobreciendo sin creencia al consumidor local &#8212; el verdadero motor de cualquier mercado interno &#8212; y, por ende, a todos los negocios que de &#233;l dependen.</p><p>As&#237; es como compa&#241;&#237;as de la talla de <em>Tigo</em> y <em>+M&#243;vil</em> &#8212; al igual que tantas otras que han logrado capturar mercados cr&#237;ticos gracias a un Estado incapaz de defender los intereses de sus ciudadanos &#8212; terminan lucrando del colapso.</p><p>La verdadera tragedia en el patio no son los tres palos extra que ahora aparecen en la factura del cel, sin sentido o explicaci&#243;n, ni los aumentos en la cuenta de luz, la prima del seguro o los intereses del pr&#233;stamo y la tarjeta de cr&#233;dito. Es que el incentivo m&#225;s poderoso pa&#8217;l capital concentrado sea lograr que el Estado convierta los servicios m&#225;s b&#225;sicos en fuentes permanentes de ingresos privados multimillonarios pa&#8217; sus due&#241;os y altos ejecutivos.</p><p>Y no cabe duda que ese particular negocio &#8212; al menos pa&#8217; la clase intermediaria criolla &#8212; ha sido un &#233;xito fenomenal.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-9/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-9/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-9?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-9?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What Would a Broad Middle Class Movement Look Like? (Part 1 of 2)]]></title><description><![CDATA[To move the country forward, we need to change what we value as a society]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2026 09:20:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/panama-tierra-de-oportunidades-como-26b?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Versi&#243;n original</a></em>.</p><p>The <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/panama-tierra-de-oportunidades-como-26b?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">original version</a> of this essay was published October 28, 2025, under the title &#8220;<em>Panam&#225;, Tierra de Oportunidades: C&#243;mo se ver&#237;a un movimiento de clase media amplia (1 de 2)</em>.&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>If half of you had the fucking balls to follow through, you know what would happen? A guy like that would be indicted, tried, and convicted [&#8230;]. But no, everybody stays friends. Everybody gets paid. And everybody&#8217;s got a fucking future.</em>
&#8212; Detective James McNulty, "The Wire" (HBO), S1E11</pre></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg" width="1170" height="844" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:844,&quot;width&quot;:1170,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;El asilo de Martinelli en Colombia: los viajes reveladores del embajador |  La Prensa Panam&#225;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="El asilo de Martinelli en Colombia: los viajes reveladores del embajador |  La Prensa Panam&#225;" title="El asilo de Martinelli en Colombia: los viajes reveladores del embajador |  La Prensa Panam&#225;" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zvq!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2aaef60a-5cac-41b9-a75d-575743689f5e_1170x844.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Last week, David Brooks &#8212; <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/panama-tierra-de-oportunidades-especulando-1c1?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">whom I&#8217;ve referenced before</a> &#8212; published <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2025/11/autocracy-resistance-social-movement/684336/?utm_medium=cr&amp;utm_source=email&amp;utm_campaign=10_16_2025_tta_brooks_america250_engagement_all_actives_large_subject_line_10_10_80_winner&amp;utm_term=ALL%20Active%20Subscribers%20%28Stripe%2BCDS%2BiTunes%29">an essay in </a><em><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2025/11/autocracy-resistance-social-movement/684336/?utm_medium=cr&amp;utm_source=email&amp;utm_campaign=10_16_2025_tta_brooks_america250_engagement_all_actives_large_subject_line_10_10_80_winner&amp;utm_term=ALL%20Active%20Subscribers%20%28Stripe%2BCDS%2BiTunes%29">The Atlantic</a></em> arguing that the United States needs a new social movement. According to Brooks, the populist authoritarianism now threatening U.S. democracy, just as it has already destroyed countless in Latin America, isn&#8217;t simply the result of electoral cycles. It&#8217;s the product of historical waves: cultural shifts that redefine even the most fundamental ideas a country holds about itself: concepts like patriotism and the common good.</p><p>The same wave now appears to be gathering strength in Panama, rewarding chaos and resentment, eroding civic bonds across social classes, and celebrating impunity &#8212; as long as it&#8217;s <em>our</em> SOB who&#8217;s getting away with murder.</p><p>The essay, part of a special issue commemorating the 250th anniversary of the United States, argues that:</p><blockquote><p>To defeat a social movement [like Donald Trump&#8217;s], you must build a counter social movement. And to do that, you need a different narrative about where we are and where we should be heading, a different set of values dictating what is admirable and what is disgraceful. If we fail to build such a movement, authoritarian strongmen around the globe will dominate indefinitely.</p></blockquote><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Get <em>Versi&#243;n Criolla</em> in your inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>There are two ideas from Brooks&#8217; essay that I want to highlight in this installment of <em>Panama, Land of Opportunity</em> (PTO). The first is that any successful social movement must redefine what a country considers civic virtue, and vice. According to the author of &#8220;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uzh13uK7W90">The Second Mountain</a>,&#8221;the real challenge isn&#8217;t changing the laws, it&#8217;s changing what people feel.</p><p><em>Right now, what many Panamanians feel is a toxic mix of rage and resignation.</em></p><p>Leaving aside the fact that, throughout our 121 years as an &#8220;independent&#8221; nation, we&#8217;ve never been a true <em>res publica </em>&#8212; despite holding regular elections &#8212; political and economic power in Panama is today concentrated, more than ever, in the hands of a handful of large corporations. The local version simply looks less like Wall Street and more like a feudal system built around powerful clans, not unlike those found in parts of the Arab world. As a result, a small elite can act with near-total impunity &#8212; doing virtually whatever it wants within the country&#8217;s borders, and sometimes beyond.</p><p>The flip side is that many people, including members of the middle class, depend on these corporate <em>caudillos</em> for their livelihoods &#8212; or, in some cases, simply to put food on the table. That dependence keeps too many of us silent, afraid of losing what little material security we&#8217;ve managed to achieve. This complicity is probably the single greatest driver of democratic collapse throughout history &#8212; from Germany&#8217;s Weimar Republic, which Hitler would ultimately destroy, to Hugo Chavez&#8217;s so-called <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/venezuela-is-the-warning-panamanians?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela</a>.</p><p>The second point I want to explore is perhaps the most important one of all: the alliances required to build such a movement &#8212; particularly alliances between groups, or social classes, whose interests appear to be fundamentally at odds, at least initially.</p><p>The United States itself offers a powerful example. At the beginning of the twentieth century, an alliance that would sound almost absurd today gave rise to what became known as the <em>Populist-Progressive Movement</em>. Much like the movement Panama needs today, it fundamentally altered the trajectory of the American republic, helping to save it from the unsustainable economic inequalities unleashed by the Industrial Revolution &#8212; especially in the aftermath of <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/i/166096724/the-cultures-of-british-america-and-spanish-america">its bloody Civil War</a>.</p><h4>The Virtues of Shame</h4><p>One of the most dramatic cultural shifts I&#8217;ve witnessed in my lifetime has been the disappearance of shame. Apparently, not only is it bad for people&#8217;s self-esteem &#8212; especially that of young people &#8212; but shaming someone has itself become morally unacceptable.</p><p>Perhaps the clearest example is the so-called body positivity movement, which tells people &#8212; particularly women &#8212; that it&#8217;s possible to be healthy at any weight.</p><p><em>It isn&#8217;t.</em></p><p>Obesity is one of the leading risk factors for illness and premature death worldwide. Worse still, the belief carries enormous costs for society as a whole, forcing countries to spend scarce public resources treating diseases that stem, at least in part, from lifestyle choices.</p><p>What began as a sensible effort to push back against the impossible &#8212; and often genuinely unhealthy &#8212; beauty standards when I was growing up has gradually evolved into a doctrine that treats virtually any criticism of obesity as oppression, sexism, or yet another manifestation of the &#8220;patriarchy&#8221; under which, we&#8217;re told, nearly all women are forced to live.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnBY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd774a3cc-e1f0-48a5-8a59-c0579f04c0c7_480x624.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnBY!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd774a3cc-e1f0-48a5-8a59-c0579f04c0c7_480x624.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnBY!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd774a3cc-e1f0-48a5-8a59-c0579f04c0c7_480x624.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnBY!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd774a3cc-e1f0-48a5-8a59-c0579f04c0c7_480x624.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnBY!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd774a3cc-e1f0-48a5-8a59-c0579f04c0c7_480x624.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd774a3cc-e1f0-48a5-8a59-c0579f04c0c7_480x624.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnBY!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd774a3cc-e1f0-48a5-8a59-c0579f04c0c7_480x624.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnBY!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd774a3cc-e1f0-48a5-8a59-c0579f04c0c7_480x624.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnBY!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd774a3cc-e1f0-48a5-8a59-c0579f04c0c7_480x624.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>As so often happens in the age of social media, the supposed correction massively overshot the target. Instead of softening what was often society&#8217;s judgmental gaze, the body positivity movement &#8212; or whatever the preferred term is these days &#8212; effectively absolved individuals of any responsibility for keeping healthy.</p><p>In the name of empathy, or perhaps &#8220;self-love&#8221;, we collectively decided that taking care of ourselves &#8212; eating well, exercising, avoiding junk food &#8212; was no longer necessary, and that, actually, anyone who insisted otherwise was the real problem. The result has been an entire generation that mistakes entitlement for self-esteem, embracing behaviors that are plainly self-destructive &#8212; even at the <em>national</em> level &#8212; lest some delicate flower suffer the &#8220;trauma&#8221; of feeling shame.</p><p>As if that weren&#8217;t enough, we&#8217;ve normalized the idea that the country&#8217;s most profitable companies can also be the ones doing the greatest harm. The food industry offers a striking parallel. It manufactures the delicious poison that has made so many of us chronically unhealthy, while simultaneously earning billions despite the enormous social costs it imposes &#8212; costs that fall most heavily on those least able to afford them.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;104c0d12-5199-4ff1-9645-96d12d5f6c4c&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Panama, Land of Opportunity: What Would Be the Best Use of Our Copper? (Part 1 of 2)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-07T09:20:53.493Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eIn6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F936cc587-6671-4ea9-bc22-6870880471b4_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panama-land-of-opportunity-what-would-a42&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:196473585,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>The profound irony is that human beings appear to have evolved shame precisely as a strategy for discouraging selfish, antisocial behavior &#8212; which, throughout most of our evolutionary history, could easily prove fatal. Amid constant competition between rival bands of Homo sapiens &#8212; a defining feature of our species &#8212; the absence of shame within a society could ultimately destroy it.</p><p><em>For better and for worse, public opprobrium is one of the essential ingredients of the social glue that allowed our species to flourish in every corner of the planet.</em></p><p>It functions as an internal alarm, warning us whenever our actions harm &#8212; or even threaten to harm &#8212; the group we belong to. Feeling humiliated, in turn, makes us less likely to repeat the behavior that caused it, strengthening harmony among the different organs of the <em>body politic</em> and, consequently, improving its chances of survival and reproduction.</p><h4>Bring Back Shaming</h4><p>Few things are more insufferable than a self-righteous moralizer, so let me be clear: I have no business casting the first stone &#8212; or even the hundredth. That said, Panama&#8217;s need for a broad, mass social movement is very real. Just as obesity ultimately destroys the human body, the value extracted by the country&#8217;s most profitable groups &#8212; however pleasurable it may be for them &#8212; is on track to destroy Panama as well, just as it did Venezuela.</p><p>Moreover, without such a movement, we deprive these &#8220;business&#8221; magnates of the justified and necessary condemnation that, throughout history, has been directed at those who enrich themselves without regard for the damage they inflict on others &#8212; inter alia, by corrupting their country&#8217;s social and political institutions.</p><p>In fact, Panama has seen this before. I barely remember, but there was a time when many of those who profited most from the military dictatorship (1968&#8211;1989) were greeted with white handkerchiefs being waved in the air whenever they appeared in public &#8212; a powerful symbol of the widespread contempt these opportunists had earned.</p><p>To be fair, I&#8217;m sure many of the people waving handkerchiefs had been opportunists themselves before the dictatorship.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Would you share this with a friend?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>When we celebrate the insider who manages to rewrite the rules of the game in his or her favor &#8212; who extracts wealth from the Panamanian state instead of creating it &#8212; or the local professional who uses his talent (and considerable investment in human capital) to, say, shield fortunes of dubious origin for quite handsome fees &#8212; activities that make life significantly more expensive for the average citizen &#8212; we&#8217;re rewarding what may be the single most destructive impulse in any society: <em>the individual&#8217;s innate drive to accumulate more than everyone else</em>. A country that mistakes ambition and the pursuit of power for excellence &#8212; as history has shown us time and again &#8212; eventually declines and, ultimately, dies from <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/video-the-enormous-costs-of-panamas?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">its own shamelessness</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg" width="905" height="1082" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1082,&quot;width&quot;:905,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mI-e!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e1a95be-16f9-4534-9260-711c3b319e4f_905x1082.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Therefore, we must quite literally relearn to feel shame for doing things that harm the country, even when some of us happen to benefit from them. Sometimes this happens directly, as with <em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/mom-why-cant-panamanians-have-nice?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Panama Ports Company</a></em> and <em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/when-csr-takes-over-the-democratic?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Copa Holdings</a></em>. Other times it happens indirectly, through the legal, financial, marketing, and PR services that local firms provide multinationals like these &#8212; <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/tradeoffs-are-real-just-not-for-concentrated?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">or through the rents</a> that landowners like myself extract from something we did absolutely nothing to create.</p><p>To be clear, I&#8217;m not arguing that we should return to unrealistic standards of physical or moral perfection, especially in a world where staying healthy and active is expensive as hell &#8212; and where nobody&#8217;s going to pay you for doing the right thing (particularly when no one&#8217;s watching). But by pretending that being overweight is a perfectly normal state of affairs &#8212; or that there&#8217;s nothing wrong with selling &#8220;food&#8221; that slowly rots our bodies from childhood &#8212; we&#8217;re paving our road to hell with good intentions, and self-deception.</p><p>In that sense, Panamanians should institutionalize <em>bling-shaming</em>. We should unapologetically criticize displays of wealth built on other people&#8217;s sacrifices &#8212; wealth created through value extraction rather than value creation.</p><p>More than anything else, the <em>way</em> a person earns a living should determine whether we regard them as a good or bad Panamanian &#8212; not simply how much they make. Because if we spend more than two minutes thinking about the &#8220;externalities&#8221; of this kind of behavior, it becomes obvious that it&#8217;s, for all practical purposes, pathological &#8212; just like the logic behind body positivity.</p><p>Equally important, our brightest and best-trained minds can no longer devote themselves primarily to the private exploitation of public resources. On the contrary, our finest human capital &#8212; the best money can buy &#8212; must be redirected toward solving Panama&#8217;s most urgent problems, including our chronic lack of labor productivity and <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/when-low-productivity-leads-to-political?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">the broader social decay</a> that accompanies it.</p><p>Honestly, I can think of few things that would benefit Panama &#8212; and the rest of the Western world &#8212; more than a generation that genuinely feels ashamed of making easy money through extraction, while taking pride in creating value where none existed before.</p><p>Alongside this, we need a broad middle class that doesn&#8217;t necessarily aspire to become fabulously wealthy &#8212; though there&#8217;s nothing inherently wrong with that &#8212; but rather to serve as the engine of shared, genuinely sustainable economic growth. And to play the role that a middle class should ideally play in every healthy society: a counterweight to the extremes &#8212; and the extremists &#8212; on both ends of the socioeconomic spectrum.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;d25c3d4c-cd99-4d76-b5b6-dab675021c48&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original aqu&#237;.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Panama, Land of Opportunity: Broad middle class organization focusing on the political economy of all Panamanians&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-04-10T09:20:54.295Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64e92fd8-44f4-4537-be89-cd6ea51b3f5f_1200x800.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panama-land-of-opportunity-broad&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:160895658,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:1,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>To rescue our <em>res publica</em>, changing our laws won&#8217;t be enough. We also need to live by a different set of values. Instead of celebrating those who become most adept at exploiting the Panamanian State, we must learn to distinguish between producing value and extracting it, and publicly praise those whose work benefits the country as a whole &#8212; not merely a handful of companies that are Panamanian in name only, regardless of how heavily they invest in local CSR campaigns.</p><p>If we want to halt our seemingly inexorable decline, we have to begin by redefining who deserves the extraordinary opportunities that flow from this tiny strip of Central American isthmus.</p><p><em>Those who feel the least shame?<br>The most sociopathic?</em></p><p>Panama doesn&#8217;t need another &#8220;economic miracle.&#8221; It needs a social movement, just like the United States. It needs a broad middle class willing to demand higher standards &#8212; from both its business leaders and its politicians &#8212; and that begins to feel ashamed of tolerating the relentless mediocrity of life in our country. Or, as they call it stateside, &#8220;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8l1uSb0LZg">the enshittification of everything</a>.&#8221;</p><p><em>None of that is inevitable.</em></p><p>If, as a society, we remain silent in the face of the supposedly &#8220;unavoidable&#8221; failures of Panama&#8217;s economic model &#8212; &#8216;cause, who knows, maybe we&#8217;re benefiting from them too &#8212; we&#8217;ll squander the extraordinary good fortune we&#8217;ve enjoyed since the United States brought us into the international community as an independent(-adjacent) country back in 1903.</p><p>Finally, those of us fortunate enough to have done well in Panama should avoid the decadence that has consumed so many elites throughout history. Let us not become, as our earlier generations were once described, &#8220;people who traded, for the sake of comfort, their purpose and their freedom.&#8221;</p><p>In the next installment, we&#8217;ll explore the alliances that could make such a movement possible.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/what-would-a-broad-middle-class-movement/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La historia que no te cuentan los medios criollos tradicionales]]></title><description><![CDATA[Un estudio &#250;nico sobre el pa&#237;s, y en Panam&#225; nadie se entera]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lo-que-no-te-dicen-los-medios-criollos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lo-que-no-te-dicen-los-medios-criollos</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 09:20:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyDC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4c368ea-83d6-4e65-b230-5976300227df_724x934.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyDC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4c368ea-83d6-4e65-b230-5976300227df_724x934.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyDC!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4c368ea-83d6-4e65-b230-5976300227df_724x934.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyDC!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4c368ea-83d6-4e65-b230-5976300227df_724x934.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La semana pasada, mientras hac&#237;a <em>riserch</em> pa&#8217; la pr&#243;xima entrega, <em>Charlie Pitt&#237;</em> me comparti&#243; un informe que me dej&#243; impactado, aunque no solamente por el contenido.</p><p>Conocido como el <em><a href="https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/PAN">BTI 2026 Country Report</a></em>, el documento forma parte del <a href="https://bti-project.org/en/?&amp;cb=00000">Bertelsmann Transformation Index</a>, elaborado por <em>Bertelsmann Stiftung</em>, una fundaci&#243;n alemana que desde hace m&#225;s de dos d&#233;cadas eval&#250;a la transformaci&#243;n hacia la democracia y una econom&#237;a de mercado, as&#237; como la calidad de la gobernanza, en 137 pa&#237;ses. Considerado uno de los principales estudios comparativos sobre institucionalidad y desarrollo pol&#237;tico y socioecon&#243;mico, el BTI lo publica cada dos a&#241;os, y sus resultados suelen servir de referencia pa&#8217; investigadores, universidades, <em>think tanks</em> y organismos internacionales.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pa&#8217; que te llegue al inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Las 43 p&#225;ginas dedicadas a Panam&#225;, las cuales resumir&#233; <em>demasiado</em> a continuaci&#243;n, constituyen uno de los diagn&#243;sticos internacionales m&#225;s duros publicados sobre nuestro pa&#237;s en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os. De hecho, es el tipo de documento que uno asumir&#237;a habr&#237;a generado, como m&#237;nimo, su propia nota de prensa, una entrevista o &#8212; so&#241;ar no cuesta nada &#8212; alg&#250;n panel de discusi&#243;n como los de <em><a href="https://www.prensa.com/tema/cafe-con-la-prensa/">Caf&#233; con La Prensa</a></em>.</p><p>Por eso fue que, al principio, pens&#233; que simplemente me lo hab&#237;a perdido &#8212; confieso que no leo el peri&#243;dico todos los d&#237;as, ni mucho menos de cabo a rabo: el alma tampoco aguanta tanto castigo. Pero cuando le ped&#237; a <em>Charlie</em> que buscara referencias al informe en los principales diarios y sitios de noticias paname&#241;os, encontr&#243; apenas <a href="https://www.prensa.com/opinion/el-pulso-de-la-democracia-latinoamericana/">una columna de opini&#243;n</a> en <em>La Prensa</em> que mencionaba una de las puntuaciones de Panam&#225; como parte de un repaso regional. Del informe y sus conclusiones, no encontr&#243; nada de lo que se podr&#237;a llamar &#8220;cobertura de prensa&#8221;.</p><p><em>&#191;En serio? </em>Porque semejante esfuerzo dedicado a evaluar el funcionamiento pol&#237;tico, econ&#243;mico e institucional de nuestra peque&#241;a franja de istmo centroamericano, especialmente de una instituci&#243;n de este calibre, no se fuma en pipa, <em>&#191;sa&#8217;e?</em></p><p>Sinceramente, me vuela la cabeza que haya sido ignorado de tal forma &#8212; por m&#225;s que tampoco me sorprende. En el <em>Country Report</em> de Panam&#225; tenemos una tomograf&#237;a detallada e integral como ninguna otra, al menos que yo haya podido encontrar en l&#237;nea. Su mayor m&#233;rito es desarrollar <a href="https://bti-project.org/fileadmin/api/content/en/downloads/reports/country_report_2026_PAN.pdf">una explicaci&#243;n coherente</a> de nuestra t&#233;trica situaci&#243;n socioecon&#243;mica, y de las fracturas pol&#237;ticas que hemos visto desestabilizar el pa&#237;s en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os.</p><p>Aqu&#237; te va un poco de lo que probablemente nunca encontrar&#225;s en un medio &#8220;tradicional&#8221; paname&#241;o &#8212; y por qu&#233; ha de ser as&#237;.</p><h4>Los highlights</h4><p>No pretendo hacerle justicia a toda la informaci&#243;n presentada por el BTI, por lo que te recomiendo leas <a href="https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-dashboard/PAN">el perfil de Panam&#225;</a> en su totalidad &#8212; o le pidas tu propio resumen del informe a <em>Charlie</em>. M&#225;s bien, quiero concentrarme en las ideas que m&#225;s me llamaron la atenci&#243;n, y por qu&#233; las encontr&#233; tan ajenas a lo que leo en al menos el diario al que estoy suscrito, <em>La Prensa</em>. Como m&#237;nimo, representan una forma muy distinta de interpretar la realidad paname&#241;a a la que vemos en el &#8220;ecosistema informativo&#8221; nacional.</p><p>Empecemos por el protagonista de la historia, que en el patio suele ser casi siempre &#8220;el gobierno&#8221;. Cualquier consumidor de los diarios y noticieros m&#225;s populares del pa&#237;s podr&#237;a concluir f&#225;cilmente que los personajes principales de la vida nacional son el presidente, la Asamblea Nacional (AN), la Corte Suprema, los sindicatos y, cuando los agarran, <a href="https://www.prensa.com/judiciales/operacion-pandora-este-es-el-asesor-vinculado-al-manejo-de-23-millones/">funcionarios particularmente creativos</a> pa&#8217; hacerse con la plata del Estado.</p><p>Pero este informe cuenta otra historia: el actor principal no es &#250;nicamente la cleptocracia de turno, sino una &#233;lite econ&#243;mica extraordinariamente organizada que ejerce influencia permanente sobre el Estado. No como una conspiraci&#243;n secreta ni nada por el estilo, sino como caracter&#237;stica estructural del sistema pol&#237;tico paname&#241;o.</p><p>El BTI sostiene que el grado de &#8220;captura del Estado&#8221; en el patio sigue siendo considerable, y enumera entre sus mecanismos el financiamiento de campa&#241;as, la cohesi&#243;n del sector empresarial, las puertas giratorias, la coordinaci&#243;n de aportes a candidatos presidenciales y los nombramientos pol&#237;ticos pa&#8217; l&#237;deres empresariales. En otras palabras, la pol&#237;tica paname&#241;a deja de ser solamente una competencia entre partidos y se convierte en una disputa donde un peque&#241;o n&#250;mero de grupos corporativos participa activamente <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/the-parallel-power-in-plain-sight?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">con enormes ventajas</a>.</p><p>Por otra parte, la corrupci&#243;n no es presentada como &#8220;el problema&#8221;, sino como s&#237;ntoma de patolog&#237;as mucho m&#225;s profundas, espec&#237;ficamente, un <span>sistema donde las instituciones democr&#225;ticas pueden muy f&#225;cilmente ser utilizadas pa&#8217; preservar, a costa del resto de la poblaci&#243;n, privilegios econ&#243;micos y pol&#237;ticos. </span>En ese sentido, la pregunta no es &#250;nicamente qui&#233;n &#8220;roba&#8221;, sino qui&#233;n logra que las reglas del juego se escriban consistentemente a su favor.</p><p><em>Cuando la corrupci&#243;n pasa de ser una cuesti&#243;n personal/moral a una institucional &#8212; no solamente un par de huevos que salieron podridos &#8212; la vaina es much&#237;simo m&#225;s seria.</em></p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;00a2adf6-64c7-4824-ab87-8b74bd219fe1&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Comenzaron Apostando el alma Con la esperanza invencible Del que ha sido un perdedor. Terminaron Humillando al cielo Destrozando sus estrellas Y orin&#225;ndose en la luna y en el sol -Rub&#233;n Blades, Conmemorando&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Animales Culturales: el \&quot;wega vivo\&quot; es el aire que respiramos&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2024-06-29T10:58:15.569Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AYIh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64798c1a-a67b-40ef-9a58-d6f54ac52307_1600x1166.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/animales-culturales-el-wega-vivo&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:145951722,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:1,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Otra de las leyendas que destroza el informe es que Panam&#225; funciona como una econom&#237;a de mercado competitiva. La nuestra, de hecho, est&#225; altamente concentrada, y aqu&#237; el BTI utiliza un lenguaje que en mi vida he visto o escuchado durante alguna &#8220;discusi&#243;n nacional&#8221; &#8212; por m&#225;s que hoy ese t&#233;rmino suene a disparate. Describe la econom&#237;a paname&#241;a como &#8220;distorsionada y en gran medida oligop&#243;lica&#8221; (<em>distorted and largely oligopolistic</em>), y se&#241;ala una fuerte concentraci&#243;n en sectores como la banca, la energ&#237;a, las telecomunicaciones, los puertos, los combustibles, la importaci&#243;n de alimentos y las farmac&#233;uticas. M&#225;s adelante, incluso, se refiere al actual &#8220;sistema econ&#243;mico basado en carteles&#8221; (<em>cartel-based economic system</em>).</p><p>Adem&#225;s, el informe resalta algo sobre lo que escrib&#237; hace un par de semanas: los medios tambi&#233;n forman parte del sistema. Una de las dimensiones m&#225;s novedosas del documento es que, adem&#225;s de analizar al Estado y al sector privado, examina el estado &#8212; o la falta &#8212; de <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-7-2-de?r=1pwf3">una prensa verdaderamente independiente</a>.</p><p>Aqu&#237;, BTI destaca la concentraci&#243;n de la propiedad medi&#225;tica, los v&#237;nculos hist&#243;ricos entre grupos corporativos y medios y c&#243;mo esa estructura influye sobre la formaci&#243;n de la opini&#243;n p&#250;blica. B&#225;sicamente, incorpora a los medios <em>dentro</em> del sistema, algo que, por s&#237; solo, representa una perspectiva reveladora. El informe no los trata como observadores neutrales, sino como actores con intereses, incentivos y relaciones propios.</p><p>Quiz&#225; su mayor aporte es que la democracia no muere solamente en las urnas, que es en lo &#250;nico que tendemos a pensar cuando hablamos de sus amenazas. De hecho, el BTI reconoce que Panam&#225; mantiene elecciones competitivas, alternancia del poder y libertades civiles relativamente robustas, es decir, no somos ni Venezuela, ni Nicaragua, ni El Salvador &#8212; aunque parece que <a href="https://www.prensa.com/politica/bukelizacion-en-panama-el-plan-de-seguridad-de-mulino-mas-carceles-y-mano-dura/">vamos camino hacia el &#250;ltimo</a>.</p><p>Aun as&#237;, la democracia criolla ha ido deterior&#225;ndose. En la historia que cuenta BTI, por m&#225;s que las elecciones libres y justas importan, no son el principal mecanismo mediante el cual se distribuye el poder pol&#237;tico en Panam&#225;. Ese papel lo desempe&#241;an, cada vez m&#225;s, <a href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/the-parallel-power-in-plain-sight">las relaciones permanentes</a> entre los grandes grupos corporativos y el Estado. En este sentido, el informe representa una forma completamente distinta de entender los problemas nacionales.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lo-que-no-te-dicen-los-medios-criollos?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#191;Compartir&#237;as esto con un amigo?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lo-que-no-te-dicen-los-medios-criollos?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lo-que-no-te-dicen-los-medios-criollos?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>Finalmente, el BTI deja claro que el aumento casi in&#233;dito en las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas de nuestro producto interno bruto (PIB), de los mayores de la regi&#243;n, no ha representado un aumento generalizado de la calidad de vida del ciudadano promedio. S&#243;lo basta ver quienes se han beneficiado de nuestro extraordinario &#8220;crecimiento econ&#243;mico&#8221; &#8212; y los alarmantes niveles de desigualdad que han supurado &#8212; pa&#8217; entender que las principales cifras econ&#243;micas paname&#241;as enga&#241;an a cualquier que asume que, entre m&#225;s alto el PIB, mejor es pa&#8217; la <em>res p&#250;blica</em>. &#201;sa sigue siendo, desgraciadamente, la suposici&#243;n b&#225;sica cada vez que nuestros &#8220;l&#237;deres&#8221; pol&#237;ticos y de negocios (con el Estado) hablan de crecimiento.</p><h4>No puedes cambiar lo que no puedes ver</h4><p>Esta historia, como las que prefiero contar, no es de buenos ni malos, sino de incentivos. En el patio tenemos la mala costumbre de pensar que si cambia el presidente, o cambian los <em>HPutados</em>, cambia el pa&#237;s &#8212; algo que la nueva camada de la AN, a pesar de las expectativas, sigue desmintiendo &#8212; o que &#8220;si s&#243;lo encarcelaran (o fusilaran) a los corruptos, todo se resolver&#237;a&#8221;.</p><p>Sin embargo, el estudio sugiere que mucho m&#225;s importantes son las estructuras dentro de las cuales act&#250;an esos individuos. Si los <em>incentivos</em> del sistema no cambian, el presidente y los diputados podr&#237;an rotar todos los a&#241;os &#8212; lo hacen cada cinco, que igual no es tanto &#8212; y aun as&#237; producir comportamientos, y resultados, pr&#225;cticamente id&#233;nticos.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;7800571d-98b4-4180-861d-17fcf063bb65&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;En vista de la reciente decisi&#243;n del Estado paname&#241;o de retirar al pa&#237;s de las pruebas de PISA y de, hist&#243;ricamente, usar la Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chriqu&#237; (Unachi), entre otras agencias estatales, como \&quot;dep&#243;sito de botellas\&quot;, estoy re-publicando esta entrega de febrero. Por m&#225;s que sean un \&quot;esc&#225;ndalo\&quot;, ambas noticias tienen todo el sentido del mundo s&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;[Re-pub] Cuando la educaci&#243;n de calidad, y la calidad de vida, no encajan en tu modelo socioecon&#243;mico&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2024-10-15T10:20:01.157Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IXdJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa12d13b6-cd2f-4271-98bd-1f48a35299cc_630x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/re-pub-cuando-la-educacion-de-calidad&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:150243928,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Vale la pena destacar que el due&#241;o del BTI, <em>Bertelsmann Stiftung</em>, es una fundaci&#243;n privada sin fines de lucro vinculada al <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann">grupo Bertelsmann</a>, uno de los m&#225;s grandes conglomerados internacionales de medios, servicios y educaci&#243;n. No estamos hablando ni de <em>Greenpeace</em> ni del <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frente_Amplio_por_la_Democracia_(Panam%C3%A1)">FAD</a>. Al contrario, el estudio proviene de una instituci&#243;n liada al mundo corporativo y tiene como objetivo, precisamente, evaluar qu&#233; tan bien funcionan las democracias liberales y las econom&#237;as de mercado alrededor del mundo.</p><p>En Panam&#225;, los medios &#8220;tradicionales&#8221;, d&#237;gase prensa y televisi&#243;n y sus respectivas presencias en l&#237;nea, pintan a los pol&#237;ticos como <a href="https://www.prensa.com/politica/prd-propone-blindar-la-planilla-adscrita-a-los-despachos-de-los-diputados/">los principales responsables</a> de nuestro deterioro, tanto social como institucional. Del otro lado del espectro moral, aparece la mal llamada empresa privada como la &#250;nica que genera inversi&#243;n, empleo y desarrollo &#8212; al mismo tiempo que lucha con honor contra &#8220;la burocracia&#8221; y, en general, un Estado incompetente por culpa de quienes lo manejan directamente: <em>los pol&#237;ticos</em>.</p><p>El informe de BTI no exculpa a los pol&#237;ticos criollos, obviamente, pero sugiere que &#233;stos operan dentro de un sistema donde el capital altamente concentrado tiene <a href="https://www.prensa.com/politica/aprobado-en-tercer-debate-proyecto-sobre-sustancia-economica-excluyen-marina-mercante-banca-y-aseguradoras/">un veto permanente</a> sobre cualquier cambio que pueda limitar sus estratosf&#233;ricos ingresos &#8212; por m&#225;s que provienen del acceso exclusivo o preferencial a concesiones, contratos, subsidios, leyes y mercados creados por el Estado.</p><p>Y si los grandes grupos corporativos son actores claves dentro de este drama, no deber&#237;a sorprendernos que los medios vinculados a ellos rara vez privilegien una historia donde sus propietarios dejan de figurar exclusivamente como v&#237;ctimas de la corrupci&#243;n pol&#237;tica, y pasan a formar parte del elenco que la hace posible, rentable e inmortal.</p><p>Lo que s&#237; deber&#237;a es preocuparnos, y mucho. Al final del d&#237;a, si nuestra percepci&#243;n de la realidad la est&#225;n moldeando las mismas concentraciones masivas de capital que sin una pizca de verg&#252;enza se est&#225;n quedando con la enorme mayor&#237;a de las divisas que llueven sobre nuestro pa&#237;s, <em>&#191;como carajo vamos a darnos cuenta?</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lo-que-no-te-dicen-los-medios-criollos/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lo-que-no-te-dicen-los-medios-criollos/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" 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href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lo-que-no-te-dicen-los-medios-criollos?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Trump vs. PIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[Like his recent predecessors, the current U.S. President serves highly extractive industries]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/trump-vs-pix</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/trump-vs-pix</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:20:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg" width="400" height="500" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:400,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;O PIX &#233; do Brasil e dos brasileiros! &#127463;&#127479; Parece que nosso PIX vem causando  um ci&#250;me danado l&#225; fora, viu? &#129300; Tem at&#233; carta reclamando da exist&#234;ncia do  nosso sistema Seguro,&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="O PIX &#233; do Brasil e dos brasileiros! &#127463;&#127479; Parece que nosso PIX vem causando  um ci&#250;me danado l&#225; fora, viu? &#129300; Tem at&#233; carta reclamando da exist&#234;ncia do  nosso sistema Seguro," title="O PIX &#233; do Brasil e dos brasileiros! &#127463;&#127479; Parece que nosso PIX vem causando  um ci&#250;me danado l&#225; fora, viu? &#129300; Tem at&#233; carta reclamando da exist&#234;ncia do  nosso sistema Seguro," srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ZMS!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b252aaf-d01d-4172-8f6a-bc59e3febcf1_400x500.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>It&#8217;s hard to single out anything that Donald Trump does as particularly absurd, as he&#8217;s been King of American <em>Absurdistan</em> for the past couple of years, yet his latest spat with Brazilian President &#8220;Lula&#8221; da Silva deserves special mention.</p><p>Among the practices <a href="https://ustr.gov/node/14362">U.S. officials have singled out</a> in their most recent trade dispute with Latin America&#8217;s biggest economy is its central bank&#8217;s treatment of <em>PIX</em>. Financial institutions with over 500,000 active accounts must participate in the system and, as participants, are obligated to display <em>PIX</em> prominently on their apps &#8212; which, the U.S. government claims, unfairly disadvantages U.S. digital payment providers. Because of this and other supposed violations, Trump has therefore announced <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-braces-new-us-tariffs-washington-broadens-trade-push-sources-say-2026-07-15/">a 25% tariff on a broad range of Brazilian products</a>.</p><p><em>THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION IN THIS MATTER!!!</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Get <em>Versi&#243;n Criolla</em> in your inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Now, if you&#8217;ve never heard of <em>PIX</em> before, that&#8217;s cool, but it might be worth your time understanding why the President of the United States would risk yet another international dispute &#8212; especially with a country with which the U.S. has long maintained a substantial trade <em>surplus</em> &#8212; over a payment system most of his supporters don&#8217;t know or care exists.</p><p>And yet Trump is simply going to bat for companies like <em>Visa</em> and <em>Mastercard</em> because that&#8217;s what so many U.S. Presidents before him have done: protect corporate profits, both at home and abroad. The problem is that, just as it did in Brazil before the arrival of <em>PIX</em>, this industry has also been extracting copious amounts of value from the U.S. economy for at least 45 years.</p><h4>Take me home, public roads</h4><p><em>PIX</em> isn&#8217;t just another fintech app, <a href="https://www.bcb.gov.br/en/financialstability/pix_en">it&#8217;s public infrastructure</a> of exceptional utility &#8212; much like the <a href="https://highways.dot.gov/highway-history/interstate-system/50th-anniversary/history-interstate-highway-system">U.S. Interstate Highway System</a>, for example. Launched in 2020, <em>PIX</em> allows individuals and businesses to transfer money instantly between financial institutions, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, generally at no cost to the user. Today, roughly <a href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260714-why-does-brazil-s-pix-payment-system-bother-donald-trump">4 out of every 5 Brazilians use it</a>, and it already accounts for over half of all payment transactions in the country.</p><p><em><span>Hundreds of millions of transactions every day</span>.</em></p><p>In other words, the Brazilian State built something that in much of the world, incredibly, is owned by private corporations: the rails on which money moves. And if that sounds like a minor technical distinction, every time you pay with a traditional credit or debit card, an <em>absurd</em> number of third parties take a cut, including the issuing bank, the acquiring bank, the payment processor, and the card network. Depending on the transaction, each collects a fee simply because they own the infrastructure that makes modern markets possible in the first place.</p><p><em>PIX</em>, crucially, bypasses most of <a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2009/200923/200923pap.pdf">this needlessly private network</a>. From street vendors to the country&#8217;s fanciest restaurants, customers pay businesses instantly <em>without</em> several intermediaries extracting a percentage simply for having found a way to get between the parties to the transaction.</p><p><em>In other words, almost no tolls on economic activity.</em></p><p>Lower transaction costs mean more transactions, and every dollar that doesn&#8217;t vanish into fees is another dollar that can be spent, saved, or invested in a business. As less money gets siphoned off by middlemen, more of it stays in the hands of the people actually producing local goods and services.</p><p>For merchants, the card-payment system <a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/files/debitfees_costs_2023.pdf">extracts billions each year</a> through interchange, acquiring, processing, and network fees. For borrowers, issuing banks layer interest, late-payment charges, cash-advance fees, and other penalties on top. Many businesses simply raise prices to compensate, meaning that <em>everyone</em> overpays, including customers who don&#8217;t use cards. At the end of the day, this mostly unearned income becomes embedded in the cost of practically everything sold in the economy.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;28a69e30-ac13-478b-9c37-308d3ef8359b&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Surely Pakistan&#8217;s leaders care at least somewhat about the welfare of their people, no? Well, they probably do. But so far they&#8217;ve been able to satisfy Pakistanis&#8217; basic consumption needs through means other than economic development. - Noah Smith, \&quot;Why would Pakistan grow?\&quot;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\&quot;Why would [Panama] grow?\&quot;&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-11-08T09:20:38.991Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9GPL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a4dc5e9-d34e-409d-9598-bd426be38571_950x621.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/why-would-panama-grow&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:178033975,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>The companies collecting these tolls, as you&#8217;d expect, are less than thrilled with <em>PIX</em>, and have thus gotten Trump to use the country&#8217;s still impressive <em>commercial</em> might against Brazil &#8212; for the crime of daring to construct high-quality public infrastructure that all its citizens could use at little to no cost, without having to give one cent to such a ridiculous chain of unnecessary players. What truly threatens <em>Visa</em> and <em>Mastercard</em>, however, is that citizens are finally asking themselves: why on Earth should their country let private corporations own the tracks on which something as basic as money must travel?</p><h4>The Early Swamp</h4><p>Of course, if you&#8217;ve read me for a while, you know there&#8217;s nothing particularly egregious about what Trump is doing that wasn&#8217;t done, with considerably more subtlety, by the &#8220;normie&#8221; presidents who came before him. After all, the U.S. credit card industry didn&#8217;t become so powerful purely because consumers preferred paying with plastic. As recounted by the seminal FRONTLINE documentary <em><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mHsTKvAuZc">The Secret History of the Credit Card</a></em>, its modern business model was carefully constructed through decades of judicial decisions, legislative changes and regulatory protection.</p><p>The story begins in the late 1970s, when the painfully sluggish U.S. economy was prompting, among many others, the governor of South Dakota to look for business opportunities for his cash-strapped state &#8212; at the time, many still had usury laws on the books, imposing limits on how much borrowers could be charged. Meanwhile, in lower Manhattan, <em>Citibank&#8217;s</em> consumer credit division was bleeding money under New York State&#8217;s caps on interest rates.</p><p><em>In exchange for relocating to South Dakota, the then governor offered </em>Citibank<em> no limits on what they could charge customers.</em></p><p>Crucially, because of <a href="https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/frbp/assets/consumer-finance/discussion-papers/NationalBankAct_032004.pdf">a 1978 Supreme Court ruling</a>, nationally chartered banks were allowed to charge the legal limit in the state where the bank was based, rather than the one where the borrower lived. This meant banks could move their credit-card operations to South Dakota and &#8220;export&#8221; its permissive legislation to customers across the country.</p><p>Delaware quickly followed, attracting <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBNA">MBNA</a></em> and other card issuers. After a while, states were competing not to provide consumers with the best protections, but to provide banks with the weakest restrictions. This process is usually described as &#8220;deregulation,&#8221; but that&#8217;s misleading. Especially in this case, both the federal and state governments quite literally rewrote the rules of the game in favor of banks and issuers. State-level protections still existed on paper, yet were easily bypassed by companies moving their headquarters to a jurisdiction willing to sell <em>&#224; la carte</em> regulation as an economic development strategy.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/trump-vs-pix?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Would you share this with a friend?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/trump-vs-pix?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/trump-vs-pix?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>The same process later extended beyond interest rates. <a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1995/95-860">In a 1996 case</a>, the Supreme Court allowed late-payment charges and similar penalties to be treated as &#8220;interest&#8221; for purposes of federal banking law. That decision helped turn the credit-card business into far more than just lending.</p><p>The industry quickly learned it could earn not only from interest, but from charging an ungodly amount of fees: over-the-limit, balance-transfer, cash-advance, and other <em>BS</em> that often bore no relationship to the cost of providing the underlying service. On their end, issuing banks lowered minimum monthly payments, encouraged customers to carry balances for longer, and concentrated their marketing on what industry insiders called &#8220;revolvers&#8221;: customers who could keep paying, but could not easily pay off the entire debt.</p><p>On the other hand, those who cleared their balance each month &#8212; no joke &#8212; were the &#8220;deadbeats.&#8221;</p><p>These companies often present themselves as leaders in innovation and &#8220;consumer choice&#8221; but, in reality, the profitability of banks and card issuers rests on legal architecture legislated &#8212; and adjudicated &#8212; over decades. Alas, government did not create a neutral marketplace then allow the best payment system to win. Instead, it let the likes of <em>Visa</em> and <em>Mastercard</em> build tollbooths across the entire economy. Eventually, they were able to extract value from almost every purchase processed over their privately owned networks.</p><p>With this seemingly never-ending fountain of cash, the industry was not only able to secure <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1091/vote_109_1_00044.htm">highly convenient regulation</a>, or lack thereof, but also practically impregnable political protection, especially from elected officials of the states which benefitted from this type of fiscal/legal arbitrage &#8212; at the expense of the U.S. economy as a whole.</p><p>By the time Barack Obama selected Joe Biden as his running mate in 2008, he&#8217;d spent more than three decades representing Delaware, which had become the epicenter of the U.S. credit-card industry &#8212; just so we&#8217;re clear that this type of corruption was wholly bipartisan, and preceded Trump by a significant margin.</p><p>While these laws initially enriched banks by making consumer debt infinitely more profitable, the explosion of card usage allowed <em>Visa</em> and <em>Mastercard</em> to control something even more valuable: the infrastructure through which an ever-growing share of everyday commerce would move.</p><h4>Blood (and a <em>shitton</em> of money) on the Tracks</h4><p><em>Visa</em> and <em>Mastercard</em> don&#8217;t usually lend to consumers. Instead, they operate the pipes connecting banks, merchants, and customers. Basically, while the issuing bank profits from debt, the credit card networks profit from simply moving money around. Whether the customer pays his or her balance immediately or carries it over month after month, the credit/debit card duopoly gets insanely rich because all transactions travel across infrastructure they control.</p><p><em>And so much of the people enriching them, transaction after transaction, are salaried workers, entrepreneurs, and small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs).</em></p><p><em>PIX</em> doesn&#8217;t just compete with <em>Visa</em> and <em>Mastercard</em>, it questions whether something as foundational to any economy as its payment network &#8212; much like its road network &#8212; should belong to private corporations in the first place.</p><p>Today, every time people around the world tap a debit card at the supermarket, to pay for dinner at a restaurant, or to get food delivery, a ridiculous share of that payment is collected by intermediaries that are all too eager to extract as much as legally possible from each transaction. Although most buyers barely notice these charges &#8212; as they rarely appear as a separate line item &#8212; sellers certainly do. For millions of entrepreneurs and SMEs the world over, accepting electronic payments means surrendering a portion of every sale before they&#8217;ve paid an employee, purchased inventory, or earned a single dollar of profit.</p><p>Protecting this racket, then, is the reason Trump is throwing geopolitical tantrums on behalf of U.S. corporate behemoths &#8212; and not just <em>Visa</em> and <em>Mastercard</em>, but also tech companies that have fought regulation tooth and nail. It turns out <em>PIX</em> presents a substantial threat to the current, criminally wasteful model of financial intermediation, which basically sustains the fragmented and remarkably expensive ecosystem of digital payments we have today.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png" width="1422" height="912" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:912,&quot;width&quot;:1422,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f5sH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1955729-801f-4790-b074-88bfc4491545_1422x912.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Every economy needs critical infrastructure, including payment networks. The question is whether they&#8217;ll exist to maximize the productivity of citizens using them, or the rents collected by those who own them. Miraculously, Brazil chose the former, while the United States &#8212; and by extension those countries under its influence &#8212; have stuck to the latter.</p><p>In Panama, the business groups/family clans who&#8217;ve most profited from this model like to pretend as if we have no other choice. This is one of the main reasons our country &#8220;grows&#8221; economically by leaps and bounds, yet the average Panamanian remains unproductive and, now more than ever, <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">indebted</a>.</p><p>Thankfully, not only has Brazil shown this is very much a political decision, but more people in the U.S. are beginning to see how much they&#8217;ve been working their asses off so that &#8212; just like in Latin America &#8212; those who extract value from the economy live like royalty, while those who produce it are forced to pay them wanton tribute.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/trump-vs-pix/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/trump-vs-pix/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/trump-vs-pix?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/trump-vs-pix?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[When CSR Takes Over the Democratic State]]></title><description><![CDATA[There's nothing #sustainable about the boondoggle of "socially responsible" corporations]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-csr-takes-over-the-democratic</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-csr-takes-over-the-democratic</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 09:20:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/cuando-la-rse-sustituye-al-estado?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Versi&#243;n original</a></em>.</p><p>The <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/cuando-la-rse-sustituye-al-estado?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">original version</a> of this essay was published October 23, 2025, under the title &#8220;<em>Cuando la RSE sustituye al Estado democr&#225;tico</em>.&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>I don&#8217;t wanna take what you can give.
I would rather starve than eat your bread
I would rather run but I can't walk
Guess I'll lay alone just like before</em>
- Pearl Jam, "Corduroy" (1994)</pre></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg" width="1200" height="800" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:800,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Stanley Motta destaca la educaci&#243;n y la atracci&#243;n de inversiones como retos  clave para Panam&#225; | La Prensa Panam&#225;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Stanley Motta destaca la educaci&#243;n y la atracci&#243;n de inversiones como retos  clave para Panam&#225; | La Prensa Panam&#225;" title="Stanley Motta destaca la educaci&#243;n y la atracci&#243;n de inversiones como retos  clave para Panam&#225; | La Prensa Panam&#225;" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3USV!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F612c25ca-10d8-437c-8408-dfb1e56b5058_1200x800.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>One of my first college internships was at <em>Banistmo Communications</em> &#8212; thanks to connections, naturally &#8212; the bank&#8217;s public relations department. That summer, besides having to wake up at dawn to catch the Korea/Japan World Cup matches, I worked on two projects. The first was the communications plan regarding <em><a href="https://www.panamaamerica.com.pa/nacion/en-la-recta-final-la-fusion-entre-banistmo-y-pribanco-41509">Banistmo&#8217;s</a></em><a href="https://www.panamaamerica.com.pa/nacion/en-la-recta-final-la-fusion-entre-banistmo-y-pribanco-41509"> recent merger with </a><em><a href="https://www.panamaamerica.com.pa/nacion/en-la-recta-final-la-fusion-entre-banistmo-y-pribanco-41509">Pribanco</a></em> &#8212; at the time the largest in Panama&#8217;s history &#8212; as part of the bank&#8217;s aggressive growth strategy.</p><p>The second was the implementation of the <strong><a href="https://unglobalcompact.org/">United Nations Global Compact</a></strong> (UNGC). In case you&#8217;re not familiar, it was a voluntary partnership launched in 2000 between the UN and the private sector, encouraging companies to &#8220;align their strategies and operations&#8221; with universal principles on human rights, labor, the environment, and anti-corruption. With much fanfare, many of the country&#8217;s most profitable companies were among the first to sign on, taking the opportunity to flood local newspapers with full-page ads proclaiming themselves champions of a new era of &#8220;sustainability.&#8221;</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Get <em>Versi&#243;n Criolla</em> in you inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Those were heady days: I remember attending a conference at the <em>InterContinental Hotel</em> where panelists &#8212; serious people with serious resumes &#8212; spoke about serving the interests of <em>all</em> the company&#8217;s stakeholders, rather than just its shareholders, alongside discussions of &#8220;transparency&#8221; and the fight against corruption.</p><p>In retrospect, though, this was probably the <em>belle &#233;poque</em> of Panama&#8217;s tax-haven era &#8212; post-dictatorship, that is, when we were a <a href="https://insightcrime.org/panama-organized-crime-news/panama/">full blown narcostate</a> &#8212; before the <em>Panama Papers</em> forced the world to take a much closer look at the &#8220;economic activity&#8221; so many of the country&#8217;s law firms remain engaged in to this very day.</p><p>Not long after the September 11 attacks, back when I was far less cynical, the idea that private companies &#8212; especially the most profitable ones &#8212; might take a leading role in solving the country&#8217;s problems didn&#8217;t seem unreasonable to me. After all, if the Panamanian state was corrupt and incompetent, as it still is today, why not let private enterprise handle &#8220;efficiently&#8221; what our governments either could not, or would not, do?</p><p>What I didn&#8217;t understand then &#8212; but what has become impossible to ignore 25 years later &#8212; is that many of the very companies claiming to &#8220;contribute&#8221; to the country&#8217;s social development are, in fact, among the main reasons it has barely developed at all.</p><p>Quite literally, it&#8217;s been public policy, the laws of the Republic, that have produced much of Panama&#8217;s institutional decay &#8212; what we simply call corruption &#8212; turning our country into <a href="https://transparenciave.org/se-llama-carretero-pero-sus-negocios-vuelan-con-maduro-y-familia/">a magnet for organized crime</a>. And while these companies sign multilateral agreements and wax poetic about &#8220;sustainable development,&#8221; they also use part of the billions they siphon from the State to influence, as directly as possible, the very rules under which all Panamanians, including corporations, are forced to play by.</p><p>Even worse, they have convinced much of the public &#8212; especially salaried workers, entrepreneurs, and small business owners &#8212; that there&#8217;s nothing wrong with a State incapable of accomplishing much of anything. <em>Why?</em> Because Panama&#8217;s largest corporations, through their &#8220;innovation&#8221; and so-called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), would supposedly deliver all the progress Panamanians have been dreaming of &#8212; and then some &#8212; particularly those of us who came of age during the time that the Panama Canal, and the highly developed Canal Zone, reverted back to the country.</p><h4>CSR Is Anti-Democratic and Extractive</h4><p>It emerged in the late 1990s, just as <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/neoliberalism-from-the-reagan-revolution?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">the dismantled State</a> began yielding to the growing influence of increasingly powerful corporations. Its logic is simple: if government cannot guarantee the public&#8217;s welfare, then corporations &#8212; or more precisely, <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/the-cost-of-charity-how-inequality">their charitable foundations</a> &#8212; should do it instead.</p><p>The problem is that private companies are inherently undemocratic. Over 99.99% of Panamanians have no vote in choosing either a company&#8217;s CEO or its board of directors. A corporation therefore represents the inevitably narrow interests of its owners, not those of the nation. Its priorities are wholly private, and its social spending, entirely voluntary. </p><p>At the same time, many of the very companies that claim to &#8220;fill the void&#8221; left by the State are the ones that helped deprive it of the resources it needs in the first place. It&#8217;s hardly a coincidence that the businesses most eager to show the public their CSR credentials are also among the country&#8217;s most active political lobbyists. In Panama, this often happens quite openly, with senior executives or corporate attorneys moving directly into <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346694379_Business_Elites_in_Panama_Sources_of_Power_and_State_Capture">the highest offices of government</a>. Add to that strategic litigation that has delayed the development of Panama&#8217;s <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/mom-why-cant-panamanians-have-nice?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">own port infrastructure</a>, along with multimillion-dollar public-relations campaigns designed to convince Panamanians that, incredible as it may seem, their own eyes are deceiving them.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png" width="996" height="1290" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1290,&quot;width&quot;:996,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZqeD!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42e5b52a-777c-4f19-be98-86d03793175a_996x1290.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In short, CSR presents itself as part of the solution when its biggest champions are the root of the problem.</p><p>The owners of Panama&#8217;s largest corporations &#8212; the only ones with the extraordinary profits needed to finance large-scale CSR programs &#8212; are the same people who keep politicians in their pockets, securing corporate subsidies, captive markets, and officially sanctioned monopolies and oligopolies. Meanwhile, in public, they hand out scholarships, donate cutting-edge technology, or proclaim themselves democracy&#8217;s guardians &#8212; with money they earn for purely political reasons, not economic or commercial ones.</p><p>The results speak for themselves. This year marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the UNGC, and if we compare where Panama currently stands with the extraordinary potential it had at the dawn of the twenty-first century, CSR has remarkably little to show for as an engine of socioeconomic development. It has, however, demonstrated just how valuable PR can be to the a large corporation&#8217;s<em> bottom line</em>.</p><p>In Panama we have no shortage of examples of the gradual takeover of the State&#8217;s responsibilities. One of the best known is <em><a href="https://www.sumarse.org.pa/">Sumarse</a></em>, chaired by Stanley Motta, arguably the most powerful man in a country where money can buy just about anything. With a mission statement probably copied straight from the UNGC website, the foundation constantly speaks of sustainability, &#8220;strategic partnerships,&#8221; and, more broadly, the idea that Panama&#8217;s future lies in the hands of &#8220;socially responsible&#8221; corporations.</p><p>In the words of <s>Panama&#8217;s</s> <em>Sumarse&#8217;s</em> President himself, in his closing remarks during <a href="https://x.com/Sumarse/status/1978599052032762145?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1978599052032762145%7Ctwgr%5E3653891e34c3add2e7bbf2e19ca9cc88e1f0d645%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Feconomia%2Fempresas-panamenas-apuestan-por-la-sostenibilidad-como-motor-de-crecimiento%2F">this year&#8217;s </a><em><a href="https://x.com/Sumarse/status/1978599052032762145?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1978599052032762145%7Ctwgr%5E3653891e34c3add2e7bbf2e19ca9cc88e1f0d645%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Feconomia%2Fempresas-panamenas-apuestan-por-la-sostenibilidad-como-motor-de-crecimiento%2F">CSR Week</a></em>:</p><blockquote><p>There is no doubt that we are a country that is maturing, and while there are certainly things we can improve upon, there are also many positive developments, as we saw this afternoon through the initiative of these young people, whose presentations also reflected the purpose of corporate social responsibility, which has been advancing in Panama for many years and, as I always say, is what will make this country better.</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-csr-takes-over-the-democratic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Would you share this with a friend?</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-csr-takes-over-the-democratic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-csr-takes-over-the-democratic?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>In practice, however, events like this one are sponsored by companies engaged in deeply extractive activities, profiting from Panamanian resources without paying fairly for the extraordinary corresponding benefits.</p><p><em>Copa Airlines</em> is one such example.</p><p>Though often celebrated as a model of efficiency, the airline is effectively the principal beneficiary of one of Panama&#8217;s most valuable public assets: <strong>Tocumen International Airport</strong> (PTY). And expanding the so-called <em>Hub of the Americas</em> &#8212; <em>our</em> hub &#8212; has not come cheap. As part of the mounting sovereign debt that now threatens the country&#8217;s fiscal stability, Panama issued <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/business/panama-airport-places-575-million-bond-after-probe-hits-issue-idUSKCN0Y5038/">$575 million in bonds in 2016</a> and refinanced another <a href="https://aviacionaldia.com/2021/08/panama-el-aeropuerto-de-tocumen-cierra-exitosa-oferta-de-bonos.html">$1.855 billion in 2021</a>, among other borrowing, to finance PTY&#8217;s expansion.</p><p>Meanwhile, <em>Copa Holdings</em> &#8212; which also owns <em>Wingo</em>, supposedly one of <em>Copa&#8217;s</em> competitors &#8212; reported more than <a href="https://www.avionrevue.com/america/copa-holdings-alcanzo-utilidades-por-us608-5-millones-en-2024/">$608 million in net income in 2024</a>, with an operating margin of nearly 22%. As if that weren&#8217;t enough, $87 million of those profits were spent on stock buybacks, a common practice in <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/working-for-the-banks-part-2?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">the </a><em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/working-for-the-banks-part-2?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">FIRE</a></em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/working-for-the-banks-part-2?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web"> industry</a> designed to artificially boost share prices and, by extension, the wealth of shareholders.</p><p>Together with <em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/my-bullys-bully-is-my-buddy?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Panama Ports Company</a></em>, this boondoggle counts one of the clearest examples of how value generated from Panamanian public resources is extracted by &#8220;local&#8221; corporations for the benefit of shareholders who, in Copa&#8217;s case, represent well under 0.001% of Panama&#8217;s population.</p><p>To be clear, Copa could&#8217;ve used those $87 million, inter alia, to raise wages for its Panamanian employees or invest more generously in their healthcare and benefits. If the company&#8217;s executives truly cared about the country, they could&#8217;ve handed that money over to our Finance Minister, to maybe help spare it from default &#8212; a not-unlikely scenario driven, in no small part, by debt accumulated to expand infrastructure from which Copa is the single largest beneficiary.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;2bc2d598-dd72-4734-be1e-8603bd9faab6&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Panama, Land of Opportunity: The best use of our airports for the middle class (1 of 2)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-11-15T09:20:32.113Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0GvE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee004143-7869-4b65-9c73-65769d56ec64_855x592.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/panama-land-of-opportunity-the-best&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:178726936,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:3,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/copa-leaks-private-letter-to-ceo?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">But as we&#8217;ve already seen</a>, <em>Copa&#8217;s</em> only binding responsibility is its fiduciary duty to its shareholders. Any &#8220;social responsibility&#8221; it or any other for-profit corporation chooses to embrace ultimately exists for one purpose alone: increasing shareholder value.</p><p><em>Blessed be Thy name.</em></p><p>From tax exemptions and other &#8220;fiscal incentives&#8221; granted by our presidents, legislators, and the rest of the kleptocracy then in power, to the free use of Panama&#8217;s infrastructure, airspace, and geo-strategic position, <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/when-our-leaders-dress-up-political?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Copa&#8217;s extraordinary profitability</a> &#8212; like that of so many other &#8220;local&#8221; corporations &#8212; simply would not exist without the State.</p><p>With such an unmatched competitive advantage, it&#8217;s not that hard to be &#8220;generous,&#8221; especially when most Panamanians are barely getting by because the wealth flowing into the country is captured, almost entirely, by the very companies spending the most to advertise everything they do &#8220;for Panama.&#8221;</p><p>Yet as <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmKZNPdWzq4">Anand Giridharadas</a>, author of <em>Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World</em>, puts it:</p><blockquote><p>Most of the time, when corporations invest heavily in CSR, it&#8217;s because they understand that their day-to-day operations are not on the side of justice, so they try to turn virtue into a side hustle. The problem is that many of these companies do harm measured in billions, then do good measured in millions. And you don&#8217;t need to be a mathematician to know who gets the short end of that bargain.</p></blockquote><p>As always, none of this is personal &#8212; not against <em>Grupo Motta</em>, nor against the many people who sincerely dedicate their lives to CSR, some of whom are among those I care about most. At the end of the day, every profitable corporation in Panama &#8212; each with its claws firmly latched onto the public teat &#8212; operates according to the same logic. </p><p>For that matter, CSR is hardly unique to Panama. In the United States, many of the institutions that helped engineer the Global Financial Crisis &#8212; investment banks like <em>Goldman Sachs</em>, <em>JPMorgan</em>, and <em>Citigroup</em> whose actions destroyed countless lives &#8212; were also among the greatest champions of CSR. The very companies that came oh-so close to bringing down the world economy were simultaneously lecturing the public about &#8220;financial inclusion&#8221; and &#8220;rebuilding communities&#8221; in the aftermath of the catastrophe they <em>themselves</em> had created.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMWH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F044c33e9-dd20-4a76-b38b-0ca24337da5e_1200x627.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMWH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMWH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F044c33e9-dd20-4a76-b38b-0ca24337da5e_1200x627.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMWH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F044c33e9-dd20-4a76-b38b-0ca24337da5e_1200x627.png" width="1200" height="627" 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/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F044c33e9-dd20-4a76-b38b-0ca24337da5e_1200x627.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMWH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F044c33e9-dd20-4a76-b38b-0ca24337da5e_1200x627.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMWH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F044c33e9-dd20-4a76-b38b-0ca24337da5e_1200x627.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMWH!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F044c33e9-dd20-4a76-b38b-0ca24337da5e_1200x627.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>It&#8217;s as if the same guy who set your house on fire showed up after it had burned to the ground to lend you a fire extinguisher &#8212; with his company&#8217;s logo prominently displayed on it &#8212; then took a selfie with you holding it before peacing out, leaving you and your family to the smoldering ruins of everything you worked so hard to build.</p><h4><em>Everything&#8217;s in Chains, Absolutely Nothing&#8217;s Changed</em></h4><p>CSR is an attempt to privatize the <em>res publica</em>, gradually but steadily, turning our rights as citizens into favors bestowed by benevolent patrons &#8212; corporate <em>caudillos</em> &#8212; while the rest of society is expected to show gratitude for whatever crumbs they choose to leave behind.</p><p>If a good education depends on private scholarships, quality healthcare on corporate donations, and money for the arts on sponsorships and other &#8220;gifts&#8221; from rich middlemen &#8212; and women &#8212; then the country itself becomes the private property of those business groups that have successfully captured the State.</p><p>Worse still, they have persuaded much of the public &#8212; especially salaried workers, entrepreneurs, and small-business owners &#8212; that a weak State is no longer a problem. Why bother rebuilding democratic institutions if corporations, through &#8220;innovation&#8221; and Corporate Social Responsibility, can supposedly deliver everything government never could?</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;93545f7b-410d-400f-a39a-d744ce92a25d&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Restraint for Thee, Not for Me&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-07-05T21:20:56.872Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:204726516,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:1,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>The problem isn&#8217;t that these companies engage in philanthropy, but that they first create the conditions that make their philanthropy necessary, only to later cast themselves as the country&#8217;s saviors for alleviating damage they were key in inflicting themselves &#8212; not because they&#8217;re inherently evil, mind you, but because the incentives to behave this way are just so extraordinarily powerful.</p><p>That&#8217;s why the greatest threat to our democracy &#8212; and to your freedom &#8212; is the concentration of power, whether in the hands of the State or in a small group of corporations that no Panamanian ever voted for. They&#8217;re entirely unaccountable, yet govern us all the same.</p><p>Concepts like <strong>#sustainability</strong> sound great on social media, and they serve beautifully both to confuse the public and launder corporate reputations. But they&#8217;re nowhere near a substitute for a properly funded democratic State that represents the majority, legislates pro-social rules, upholds all laws, and invests so that its citizenry is equipped with the highest-quality human capital.</p><p>Just as no amount of charity can justify <a href="https://newsroompanama.com/2026/07/15/the-complaint-that-uncovered-the-fraud-network-at-the-dgi-vacations-at-nickelodeon-that-created-operation-pandora/">a tax system corrupted to its core</a> &#8212; or any other form of institutionalized abuse &#8212; no CSR program can compensate for a public budget effectively captured, above all, by corporations of immense size and influence.</p><p>If you honestly believe the richest men in Panama &#8212; people wealthy enough to corrupt almost anyone &#8212; have the same interests as you, brother, I&#8217;ve got a couple of bridges over the Canal I&#8217;d like to sell you.</p><p>As long as we keep naively placing our trust in those who&#8217;ve &#8220;invested in&#8221; legal infrastructure and regulations written to suit their interests, allowing them to capture most of the value generated by this little strip of Central American isthmus, the only thing we&#8217;ll truly sustain is their outsized political power &#8212; which they&#8217;ll almost certainly use to extract whatever value the country still has left.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-csr-takes-over-the-democratic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-csr-takes-over-the-democratic?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" 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href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-csr-takes-over-the-democratic/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Lucrando del Colapso, Parte 8 (2 de 2)]]></title><description><![CDATA[La administraci&#243;n de riesgos es extracci&#243;n de valor y, en manos privadas, negocio redondo]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-2-de</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-2-de</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2026 09:20:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L4dW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd75ffcc8-2c0d-4fe0-9a7b-fd46821eb837_400x400.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L4dW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd75ffcc8-2c0d-4fe0-9a7b-fd46821eb837_400x400.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L4dW!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd75ffcc8-2c0d-4fe0-9a7b-fd46821eb837_400x400.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L4dW!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd75ffcc8-2c0d-4fe0-9a7b-fd46821eb837_400x400.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L4dW!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd75ffcc8-2c0d-4fe0-9a7b-fd46821eb837_400x400.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L4dW!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd75ffcc8-2c0d-4fe0-9a7b-fd46821eb837_400x400.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L4dW!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd75ffcc8-2c0d-4fe0-9a7b-fd46821eb837_400x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">la primera parte</a> de este ensayo vimos que el crecimiento de la industria aseguradora no necesariamente refleja una sociedad m&#225;s pr&#243;spera. Tambi&#233;n puede ser s&#237;ntoma de un pa&#237;s donde la vida se torna cada d&#237;a m&#225;s precaria, obligando a familias a gastar cada vez m&#225;s de lo poco que reciben por su esfuerzo, simplemente pa&#8217; protegerse el <em>fuas</em> en el salsipuedes que es la econom&#237;a criolla.</p><p>El problema es que esto es apenas la mitad del yucazo, porque una vez el paname&#241;o se ve obligado a pagar una prima, esa plata comienza a trabajar &#8212; y bastante &#8212; s&#243;lo que no pa&#8217; &#233;l (o ella).</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pa&#8217; que te llegue al inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Las compa&#241;&#237;as de seguro, de hecho, no administran riesgos na&#8217;m&#225;s &#8212; tambi&#233;n gestionan cantidades colosales de capital. En la industria aseguradora global, dicho capital se conoce como el <em>float</em>. T&#233;cnicamente, respalda futuras obligaciones con los asegurados, pero mientras permanece bajo control de la empresa tambi&#233;n puede generar intereses, dividendos, alquileres, plusval&#237;as y toda clase de ingresos financieros.</p><p>No es casualidad que Warren Buffett atribuya buena parte del &#233;xito de <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a></em> a sus compa&#241;&#237;as de seguros. Durante d&#233;cadas, el float generado por millones de asegurados le ha permitido comprar ferrocarriles, empresas el&#233;ctricas, infraestructura y decenas de otros negocios. En otras palabras, una aseguradora moderna no solamente vende p&#243;lizas pa&#8217; indemnizar a quienes sufren reversos catastr&#243;ficos, sino que tambi&#233;n funge de <em>wealth manager</em>, o administrador de una enorme riqueza colectiva &#8212; m&#225;s que nada, la de los p&#243;lizahabientes, o la cada vez m&#225;s jodida <strong>clase media amplia</strong> (CMA).</p><h4><em>Al C&#233;sar, lo que es del C&#233;sar</em></h4><p><em>Pa&#8217; que &#8216;temos claro&#8217;</em>, ese dinero no lo tienen las aseguradoras por obra y gracia del Esp&#237;ritu Santo. Se lo adelantaron cientos de miles de paname&#241;os que, como vimos en la primera parte, usaron su limitad&#237;simo ingreso disponible pa&#8217; comprar seguros, simplemente porque vainas como enfermarse y chocar el carro se volvieron demasiado <em>freakin&#8217;</em> caras en el patio como pa&#8217; correrse el riesgo.</p><p>Entonces, si el capital que produce esos rendimientos sali&#243; del bolsillo del asegurado, <em>&#191;qui&#233;n se queda con ellos? </em>Obviamente, nadie quiere que la plata quede ah&#237;, achantada sin hacer nada cuando podr&#237;a estar produciendo. La pregunta es qui&#233;n captura el valor que produce mientras no se utiliza pa&#8217; pagar siniestros.</p><p>En teor&#237;a, un mercado verdaderamente competitivo deber&#237;a obligar que buena parte de estos rendimientos regresasen al asegurado. Si una compa&#241;&#237;a le saca mayor retorno a su float, las dem&#225;s tendr&#237;an incentivos pa&#8217; competir ofreciendo primas m&#225;s bajas, menores deducibles, mejores coberturas o reclamos mucho m&#225;s f&#225;ciles. Al final del d&#237;a, &#233;sa es la belleza de la competencia &#8212; cuando existe, claro est&#225; &#8212; las ganancias corporativas desmesuradas no s&#243;lo duran poco, sino que terminan, en gran medida, beneficiando tambi&#233;n al consumidor.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;3208d1a7-1d04-4a1d-99f6-bb559a69f3b2&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;English version here.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Cuando Adam Smith habl&#243; del mercado libre, se refer&#237;a a \&quot;libre de rentas\&quot;&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2024-01-28T15:46:31.239Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d9f96a6-ae9a-4e07-8a48-061b8f37d7c7_1320x1000.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/cuando-adam-smith-hablo-del-mercado&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:141125229,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:3,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Las aseguradoras, sin embargo, tienen una particularidad que las distingue de casi cualquier otro intermediario financiero. Un banco, por ejemplo, gana plata prestando dep&#243;sitos, mientras que el administrador de un fondo se gana una comisi&#243;n por invertir los millones de sus clientes. B&#225;sicamente, ambos dependen de que el capital que administren genere el mayor rendimiento posible.</p><p>Con las compa&#241;&#237;as de seguros pasa igual, pero ellas tienen adem&#225;s <em>otro</em> incentivo brutal: gastar la menor cantidad de plata posible. Al final del d&#237;a, la utilidad de una aseguradora depende, en t&#233;rminos generales, de <em><strong>1)</strong></em> cu&#225;nto cobra en primas, <em><strong>2)</strong></em> cu&#225;nto genera invirtiendo el float y <em><strong>3)</strong></em> cu&#225;nto termina pagando en siniestros y dem&#225;s gastos &#8212; este &#250;ltimo rengl&#243;n le resta al sagrado <em>bottom line</em>.</p><p>La confrontaci&#243;n inherente entre los intereses del asegurado y los de los due&#241;os de la aseguradora es dif&#237;cil de obviar, y es precisamente por eso que la competencia y la regulaci&#243;n del mercado son las claves pa&#8217; saber qui&#233;n, al final del d&#237;a, se queda con el jugo: el que pone la plata, o el intermediario.</p><h4>C&#243;mo asfixiar a la clase media <em>101</em></h4><p>Si ya tienes rato ley&#233;ndome, no te sorprender&#225; saber que solamente cuatro compa&#241;&#237;as &#8212; <em>ASSA</em>, <em>Internacional de Seguros</em> (IS), <em>MAPFRE</em> y <em>Pan-American Life</em> &#8212; concentraban alrededor del <a href="https://superseguros.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/DES-PA-12-2025.pdf">60% de todas las primas suscritas</a> al cierre de 2025. S&#243;lo <em>ASSA</em> tiene casi un cuarto (23.5%) del mercado, seguida por <em>IS</em> (16.1%) y <em>MAPFRE</em> (12.0%). Con semejante &#8220;competencia&#8221;, la presi&#243;n pa&#8217; regresarle al due&#241;o de la p&#243;liza los beneficios de administrarle, b&#225;sicamente, su propio dinero, es nula &#8212; y &#8216;tamos hablando de miles de millones de d&#243;lares.</p><p>A marzo de 2025, el sector manten&#237;a cerca de<a href="https://superseguros.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/Inv-1t-2025.pdf"> $2,900 millones invertidos</a>. Una tercera parte en bancos locales; el resto se encontraba distribuido entre bonos del Estado, instrumentos financieros internacionales, bienes ra&#237;ces y dem&#225;s activos. En pocas palabras, la aseguradora agarra tu prima y la pone a producir, inclusive comprando parte de la multimillonaria deuda soberana criolla que, eventualmente, <em>t&#250;</em> tendr&#225;s que pagar con tus impuestos &#8212; los que se quedan la mayor parte de este retorno, sin embargo, son los due&#241;os y altos ejecutivos de la compa&#241;&#237;a.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-2-de?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Esta opini&#243;n es p&#250;blica.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-2-de?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-2-de?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>Sin embargo, por m&#225;s que su gigantesco portafolio de inversiones contin&#250;a produci&#233;ndoles cientos de millones todos los a&#241;os, las compa&#241;&#237;as de seguro siguen recibiendo &#8212; y en muchos casos aumentando &#8212; las primas que les cobran a los asalariados, emprendedores y pymes del patio.</p><p>De hecho, s&#243;lo durante los primeros tres meses de este a&#241;o las aseguradoras suscribieron <a href="https://www.prensa.com/economia/sector-asegurador-proyecta-crecer-hasta-6-en-2026-con-retos-para-ampliar-cobertura-y-acelerar-la-digitalizacion/">$537 millones en primas</a>. Nuevamente, &#233;ste es dinero que, como consumidores, estos paname&#241;os no podr&#225;n gastar en la econom&#237;a dom&#233;stica &#8212; a menos que lo tarjeteen y se endeuden m&#225;s de lo que ya est&#225;n.</p><p>Por su parte, en ese mismo per&#237;odo pagaron alrededor de <a href="https://www.prensa.com/economia/sector-asegurador-proyecta-crecer-hasta-6-en-2026-con-retos-para-ampliar-cobertura-y-acelerar-la-digitalizacion/">$232 millones en siniestros</a>. La diferencia, por supuesto, no termina toda en los bolsillos de los accionistas &#8212; tambi&#233;n se va en reservas, comisiones, salarios, etc. &#8212; pero las rentas, aunque no tan obscenas <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-4?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">como las del Sistema Bancario Nacional</a>, son una groser&#237;a de todas formas, especialmente en un pa&#237;s con tanta podredumbre institucional.</p><p>El a&#241;o pasado, pa&#8217; que tengas una idea, las aseguradoras paname&#241;as reportaron casi <a href="https://superseguros.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/Resultados-Tecnicos-Res-IV-2025.pdf">$270 millones en utilidades netas</a>, equivalentes a un retorno aproximado de 14% sobre el patrimonio promedio del sector &#8212; <em>return on equity (ROE)</em> &#8212; con algunas de las m&#225;s grandes superando incluso el 20%. Mientras tanto, apenas seis aseguradoras concentraban cuatro quintos de todas las ganancias de la industria.</p><p>Como puedes apreciar, las aseguradoras de hoy d&#237;a representan una de las formas m&#225;s sofisticadas de extraer valor de la econom&#237;a &#8212; pa&#8217; concentrarlo en s&#243;lo unos cuantos grupos empresariales &#8212; con las primas actuando como un punitivo impuesto sobre la clase media. Todo esto, como si fuera poco, en un pa&#237;s donde el Estado es v&#237;ctima del m&#225;s sutil saqueo por parte de los clanes corporativos que lo tienen secuestrado, y el que tiene que trabajar pa&#8217; vivir, bien o <em>del todo</em>, termina pagando dos y tres veces por la m&#237;nima tranquilidad.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;c1c7ae98-596f-48d1-a7f0-ab1eca428f46&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;In &#8220;The Americas in Play,&#8221; Will Freeman of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) argues that there have been two big changes in the distribution of power in Latin America since 2000. The first is, of course, China&#8217;s rise: not only as a top trading partner for most of the region &#8212; from roughly $12 billion in trade in 2000 to about $520 billion today &#8212; b&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The Parallel Power in Plain Sight&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-17T09:21:07.741Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1_z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fb8228c-908a-425e-9ef9-0bd1c411a774_1536x864.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/the-parallel-power-in-plain-sight&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:201776888,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:1,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Es as&#237;, precisamente, como m&#225;s r&#225;pido matas no solamente a la clase media de un pa&#237;s, sino las ganas del individuo de salir adelante a punta de trabajo honesto. Cada d&#243;lar de los escasos ingresos de la CMA que termina pagando intereses, primas, comisiones, honorarios y dem&#225;s costos de intermediaci&#243;n, es un d&#243;lar que la familia paname&#241;a no puede consumir, ahorrar, emprender o invertir en los ni&#241;os.</p><p>En vez de financiar producci&#243;n nacional, nuestro actual modelo de aseguramiento es otra manera en que los frutos del sudor criollo terminan financiando las vidas de <em>rockstars</em> de una capa cada vez m&#225;s gruesa de comisionistas, ni m&#225;s ni menos, cuya rentabilidad depende, en gran medida, de administrar los mismos riesgos que impiden que en Panam&#225; pueda desarrollarse una CMA pr&#243;spera y mayoritaria.</p><h4>Fertilizante populista</h4><p>Lastimosamente, como tambi&#233;n pasa con los bancos y los bufetes locales, las aseguradoras son de los pocos negocios que pagan salarios relativamente buenos &#8212; por m&#225;s que sea gracias a la cala&#241;a legislativa que escribe las reglas del juego en este pedacito de istmo centroamericano. Obviamente, un n&#250;mero no insignificante de mis compatriotas ven su futuro liado al &#233;xito de la industria, a&#250;n frente al profundo da&#241;o socioecon&#243;mico que causa.</p><p>Sin embargo, seguir dejando que la industria <em>FIRE</em> en general y las aseguradoras en particular se queden con tanto del valor producido por los asalariados, emprendedores y due&#241;os de pymes, no solamente ser&#237;a seguir permitiendo una desgarradora injusticia, sino que f&#225;cilmente pudiese desestabilizar el pa&#237;s. </p><p>Cuando la gente no para de trabajar &#8212; o le mete el alma al &#250;nico camar&#243;n que recibe en la semana &#8212; pero igualmente una vida de calidad contin&#250;a fuera de su alcance, la frustraci&#243;n eventualmente se desborda y la vemos, adem&#225;s de en los disturbios y las manifestaciones contra el gobierno, en las urnas: con la victoria de <a href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/articles/ce8pn4zlrd7o">charlatanes populistas</a> m&#225;s que dispuestos a explotar cabreo de la poblaci&#243;n.</p><p>Aunque en el patio no hemos llegado a tal nivel, en gringolandia la industria m&#225;s detestada por el ciudadano promedio probablemente es la de los seguros de salud. Tanto as&#237;, que a finales de 2024 <a href="https://manhattanda.org/d-a-bragg-announces-murder-indictment-of-luigi-mangione/">un joven de 26 a&#241;os</a> mat&#243; a sangre fr&#237;a al <em>CEO</em> de la aseguradora estadounidense <em>UnitedHealthcare</em>, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/unitedhealthcare-ceo-shooting-delay-deny-defend-depose-ee73ceb19f361835c654f04a3b88c50c">habiendo escrito tres palabras</a> en los casquillos de sus balas: <em>delay, deny, depose</em> &#8212; que yo traducir&#237;a como retrasar (el pago), negar (la cobertura) y litigar (el reclamo).</p><p>M&#225;s all&#225; del crimen &#8212; por el que seguramente pasar&#225; el resto de su vida en prisi&#243;n el asesino &#8212; el episodio nos confronta con un hecho inc&#243;modo pero ineludible, especialmente en un pa&#237;s donde una enfermedad o cualquier otro imprevisto puede arruinar por completo a familias enteras: como cualquier empresa privada, las compa&#241;&#237;as de seguros existen pa&#8217; maximizar utilidades. Eso significa cobrar <em>buco</em> primas, obtener el mayor rendimiento posible del float y, naturalmente, contener costos, incluyendo cu&#225;nto termina pagando en siniestros.</p><p>No obstante, este modelo no es el &#250;nico que puede asegurar la salud, vida y posesiones del paname&#241;o. Por ejemplo, a diferencia de las tradicionales, las <a href="https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/naic_archive/The_12.pdf">aseguradoras &#8220;mutuales&#8221;</a> pertenecen a sus polizahabientes, no a accionistas externos. Cuando administran bien el riesgo y obtienen buenos rendimientos con su float, ese valor regresa, de una forma u otra, a quienes pusieron la plata inicialmente &#8212; ya sea mediante primas m&#225;s bajas, coberturas m&#225;s amplias, mayores reservas y hasta dividendos. En otras palabras, el conflicto de intereses entre el due&#241;o de la empresa y el due&#241;o de la p&#243;liza pr&#225;cticamente desaparece, porque son la misma persona.</p><p>No estoy diciendo que Panam&#225; deba reemplazar todas sus aseguradoras privadas por mutuales &#8212; honestamente no conozco lo suficiente del tema, y <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/la-mina-no-es-la-unica-que-explotaba?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">el modelo de </a><em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/la-mina-no-es-la-unica-que-explotaba?r=1pwf3&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">Cable &amp; Wireless Panama</a></em> tambi&#233;n podr&#237;a rescatar mucho de este valor pa&#8217; quien paga la p&#243;liza. Lo que s&#237; digo es que el modelo que tenemos actualmente, tan lucrativo pa&#8217; un pu&#241;ado de empresas tanto locales como multinacionales, es una <em>decisi&#243;n pol&#237;tica</em>. Lo que determina qui&#233;n se queda con el jugo, entonces, lo impone el Estado paname&#241;o.</p><p>Tanto las empresas mutuales como la seguridad social p&#250;blica demuestran claramente que hay otras maneras de organizar la gesti&#243;n de riesgos b&#225;sicos y, m&#225;s importante a&#250;n, repartir m&#225;s equitativamente el inmenso valor que produce. Los seguros no tienen por qu&#233; costarle tanto al consumidor, lo hacen cuando una sociedad decide organizarse de manera que quienes aportan el capital no capturan casi nada del rendimiento que genera, mientras quienes lo intermedian se quedan la mayor&#237;a del valor producido por otros.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-2-de/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-2-de/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p 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de 2)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mientras m&#225;s precaria es la vida en el patio, m&#225;s rentable se vuelve administrar el riesgo]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2026 09:21:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdCl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4b240d5-52b8-4adb-87c2-5f29e803e924_1200x800.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdCl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4b240d5-52b8-4adb-87c2-5f29e803e924_1200x800.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdCl!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4b240d5-52b8-4adb-87c2-5f29e803e924_1200x800.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdCl!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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con La Prensa: Tecnolog&#237;a y nuevos riesgos marcan el debate sobre el futuro de los seguros" title="Caf&#233; con La Prensa: Tecnolog&#237;a y nuevos riesgos marcan el debate sobre el futuro de los seguros" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdCl!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4b240d5-52b8-4adb-87c2-5f29e803e924_1200x800.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdCl!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, 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fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Hace un par de d&#237;as iba caminando por el Parque Hundido de la Ciudad de M&#233;xico cuando pas&#233; frente al edificio de una compa&#241;&#237;a cuyo nombre ten&#237;a <em>a&#241;osss</em> que no ve&#237;a: <em>American International Group</em>, la notoria <em>AIG</em>.</p><p>Por si no recuerdas, o estabas muy joven, &#233;sta fue una de las debacles &#8212; o villanos, depende de c&#243;mo lo quieras ver &#8212; m&#225;s grandes de la crisis financiera global. En 2008, cuando el sistema financiero internacional se desmoronaba, <em>AIG</em> estuvo a punto de quebrar y, con ella, probablemente el resto de la econom&#237;a mundial.</p><p>En su momento la aseguradora m&#225;s grande del mundo, <em>AIG</em> no cay&#243; porque demasiados asegurados tradicionales presentaran reclamos al mismo tiempo &#8212; por m&#225;s que <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqYTQB6lrQQ">algo de eso hubo</a> &#8212; eventualmente, el gobierno Federal de EE.UU. tuvo que rescatarla con $182 mil millones de <a href="https://www.gao.gov/assets/a585561.html">plata del contribuyente</a>. Estuvo a punto de quebrar porque, con los a&#241;os, hab&#237;a dejado de ser &#250;nicamente una compa&#241;&#237;a de seguros pa&#8217; convertirse en una de las instituciones financieras m&#225;s grandes y complejas del planeta.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pa&#8217; que te llegue al inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Los seguros, probablemente, son una de las innovaciones econ&#243;micas m&#225;s &#250;tiles de la historia. La idea existe, por lo menos, desde que comerciantes de la antigua Babilonia compart&#237;an el riesgo de perder mercanc&#237;as durante sus largos viajes, mientras que en la Europa de los siglos XVII y XVIII, el seguro mar&#237;timo se volvi&#243; indispensable pa&#8217; financiar el creciente comercio internacional. Tambi&#233;n, despu&#233;s del <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_incendio_de_Londres">Gran Incendio de Londres de 1666</a>, comenzaron a popularizarse los seguros contra incendios, sentando las bases de la industria moderna.</p><p>El principio siempre ha sido el mismo: repartir entre muchos p&#233;rdidas que, individualmente, ser&#237;an catastr&#243;ficas. Hoy funciona igual, con millones de personas pagando regularmente una peque&#241;a prima pa&#8217; que quienes sufran alg&#250;n incendio, enfermedad grave o accidente reciban indemnizaci&#243;n. El seguro no elimina el riesgo, sino que lo distribuye.</p><p>Sin embargo, las aseguradoras descubrieron hace mucho tiempo que entre el momento en que cobran esas primas y el momento en que pagan los siniestros transcurren meses, a&#241;os y hasta d&#233;cadas. Ese dinero &#8212; conocido en la industria como el <em>float</em> &#8212; las compa&#241;&#237;as tienen todo el derecho de invertirlo, y as&#237; fue como terminaron gestionando vol&#250;menes colosales de capital, raz&#243;n por la cual hoy son la <em>I</em> de la industria <em>FIRE</em> (<em>finance, insurance, and real estate</em>).</p><h4>No todo crecimiento es bueno</h4><p><span>Existen, b&#225;sicamente, dos maneras de interpretar el crecimiento de la industria aseguradora. La primera es la que cualquier l&#237;der de un pa&#237;s quisiera escuchar, que su gente est&#225; prosperando: tiene mayor patrimonio y/o m&#225;s ingresos, empresas, casas, carros, en fin, m&#225;s que proteger. En este mundo, que los seguros sean uno de los negocios m&#225;s rentables del patio no deber&#237;a preocuparnos demasiado.</span></p><p><em><span>Bueno, al menos no hasta la Parte 2.</span></em></p><p><span>Pero no estamos en ese mundo, lastimosamente, estamos en Panam&#225;. Aunque en el patio la riqueza de la clase intermediaria lleva a&#241;os creciendo con desenfreno, las mayor&#237;as empobrecen a medida que la vida en el patio se vuelve m&#225;s precaria, por lo que </span>una proporci&#243;n creciente de sus ingresos termina destinada, no pa&#8217; <em>ech&#225; pa&#8217;lante</em>, sino simplemente a reducir los riesgos<span> de vivir bajo un Estado completamente secuestrado.</span></p><p><span>De hecho, la demanda por seguros no aumenta solamente cuando una sociedad se enriquece. Tambi&#233;n aumenta cuando vivir se vuelve m&#225;s caro, incierto o peligroso. Por ejemplo, cuando atenderse en un hospital privado pasa de ser lujo a convertirse en necesidad, y comprar una casa implica endeudarse por </span><em><span>paaar</span></em><span> de d&#233;cadas. O cuando &#8220;invertir&#8221; en un carro es de rigor pa&#8217; cualquiera que busque progresar, porque en el patio no se puede llegar a ser clase media amplia (CMA) </span><em><span>en dodge, &#191;sa&#8217;e?</span></em></p><p><span>Entre </span>menos derechos le garantiza al ciudadano com&#250;n el <span>Estado paname&#241;o, m&#225;s lo obliga a comprar individualmente la tranquilidad que, en un pa&#237;s serio, recibir&#237;a de manera colectiva.</span></p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;7f6e879a-2e17-4df2-9686-42088cd172c1&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;La imagen anterior es una captura de la factura que me envi&#243; mi banco por &#8220;servicios&#8221; prestados el mes pasado. La misma detalla mis tres pagos correspondientes: uno de $37.45 por recibir una transferencia internacional, otro de $101.65 por la &#8220;membres&#237;a anual&#8221; de mi tarjeta de d&#233;bito, y un sumamente misterioso CARGO POR ADELANTO DE EFECTIVO de $24.17. E&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\&quot;Killing Me Softly\&quot;: la muerte lenta pero segura de la Clase Media Amplia&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-08-16T09:20:22.413Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBGh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb25e660-49b6-4cfd-90c5-28845d5a5ee4_926x1198.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/killing-me-softly-la-muerte-lenta&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:170795359,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p><span>Fue por esto que el optimismo del reciente </span><em><a href="https://www.prensa.com/economia/tecnologia-y-nuevos-riesgos-marcaran-el-debate-sobre-el-futuro-de-los-seguros/"><span>Caf&#233; con La Prensa</span></a></em><span> sobre el sector asegurador me pareci&#243; tan fuera de lugar &#8212; por no decir completamente </span><em><span>comemierda</span></em><span>. </span>Seg&#250;n el regulador y varios ejecutivos de la industria, el mercado paname&#241;o espera crecer entre 5.5% y 6% este a&#241;o, <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/countries/pan">bastante m&#225;s que el 3.8%</a> proyectado pa&#8217; la econom&#237;a general<span>. Los </span><s><span>invitados</span></s><span> patrocinadores hablaron tambi&#233;n de inteligencia artificial, digitalizaci&#243;n, </span><em><span>insurtech</span></em><span> y productos personalizados.</span></p><p><em><span>Todo super moderno, broderrr.</span></em></p><p><span>El problema es que cuando revisas qu&#233; est&#225; generando realmente los extraordinarios ingresos de las aseguradoras locales, vemos un camino no solamente bien trillado, sino est&#250;pidamente rentable. A mayo de 2026, las cuatro ramas de la industria que m&#225;s primas generaban eran salud, auto, colectivos de vida e incendio, es decir, enfermarse, manejar, trabajar y tener casa propia.</span></p><h4><span>&#191;Qu&#233; nos dice este tipo de crecimiento?</span></h4><p>Como bien sabemos, Panam&#225; tiene una econom&#237;a de lujo en plena expansi&#243;n, adem&#225;s de centros financiero, log&#237;stico y corporativo que generan riesgos bastante sofisticados: ciberataques y dem&#225;s interrupciones operativas, responsabilidad profesional (pa&#8217; doctores, por ejemplo), operaciones mar&#237;timas y enormes proyectos de infraestructura.</p><p>&#201;stos, sin embargo, no son los rubros que dominan el mercado local. Los cuatro principales &#8212; salud, autom&#243;vil, de vida y contra incendio &#8212; no reflejan los riesgos complejos de una econom&#237;a cada vez m&#225;s innovadora, o &#8220;problemas de primer mundo&#8221;, sino los costos m&#225;s ordinarios de vivir en el siglo XXI. Mientras las aseguradoras criollas no hacen m&#225;s que facturar como el resto de la industria <em>FIRE</em>, el costo de protegerse contra los riesgos m&#225;s b&#225;sicos se come la poca plata que producen trabajando quienes todav&#237;a se parten el <em>fuas</em> pa&#8217; salir adelante &#8212; plata que sale de la econom&#237;a dom&#233;stica y, por ende, no termina en tiendas y restaurantes locales, o vainas como barber&#237;as, gimnasios y actividades recreativas, o sea, negocios que realmente producen bienes y servicios paname&#241;os.</p><p>El mejor ejemplo es salud, por leguas la gallina de los huevos de oro del sector. Que cada vez m&#225;s paname&#241;os saquen su seguro m&#233;dico privado da la impresi&#243;n de movilidad social, pero lo que de verda&#8217; revela es que enfermarse sin cobertura privada implica dejar tu vida en manos del Ministerio de Salud o la Caja del Seguro Social: un riesgo que <em>ning&#250;n</em> paname&#241;o va tomarse si puede evitarlo. Tras que el Estado ya les cobra cuotas e impuestos a los asalariados, emprendedores y pymes del patio pa&#8217; &#8220;garantizar&#8221; su salud colectiva, el inexorable deterioro del sistema, por m&#225;s evitable que sea, le impone un segundo pago por cobertura privada a cualquiera que quiera subir la pir&#225;mide socioecon&#243;mica nacional.</p><p>Algo parecido ocurre con los autom&#243;viles. Pa&#8217; much&#237;simos paname&#241;os, tener carro propio representa progreso real, pero en el patio termina siendo un costo sobredimensionado, debido a una limitad&#237;sima &#8220;red&#8221; de transporte p&#250;blico y, probablemente, la planificaci&#243;n urbana m&#225;s vergonzosa de Am&#233;rica Latina. Comprar carro, de hecho, significa asumir una letra seria, m&#225;s gastar en combustible, mantenimiento, estacionamiento y seguro, s&#243;lo pa&#8217; poder llegar al trabajo o llevar a los pelaos a la escuela.</p><p>La industria aseguradora no cre&#243; esta situaci&#243;n, &#8216;tamos claro&#8217;, pero lucra <em>buco</em> del colapso.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Esta opini&#243;n es p&#250;blica.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><p>Recordemos que, como la banca, la abogac&#237;a y la contabilidad, los seguros son <em>costos de hacer negocios</em>. La mayor&#237;a de los asegurados compran una p&#243;liza pa&#8217; evitar p&#233;rdidas, no pa&#8217; enriquecerse directamente, y de seguro no pa&#8217; ser m&#225;s productivos. Son gastos defensivos que, aunque evitan perderla toda, no crean riqueza. En otras palabras, el mercado asegurador local crece alrededor de los principales dolores de cabeza del paname&#241;o, que son precisamente los cuellos de botella (<em>bottlenecks</em>) que m&#225;s ahorcan el crecimiento de la CMA.</p><p>En este sentido, el &#8220;&#233;xito&#8221; de la industria indica la casi total falta de confianza que los paname&#241;os le tienen al sector p&#250;blico, no solamente por corrupto sino por incompetente &#8212; y el rotundo fracaso que han sido las pol&#237;ticas de todos y cada uno de nuestros gobiernos post-invasi&#243;n. Por su parte, tener que pagar dos y hasta tres veces por aquello que un Estado funcional deber&#237;a garantizar desde un principio, es literal lo que tiene a tantos paname&#241;os tan frustrados que se tiran a la calle con la primera excusa que les dan.</p><p>Cuando el negocio privado de las aseguradoras crece a ra&#237;z del incremento generalizado de la precariedad social, no debe sorprender a nadie que su extraordinario &#233;xito dependa, en gran parte, del secuestro del Estado que cada vez hace m&#225;s necesarios sus &#8220;productos&#8221;. Por otra parte, una econom&#237;a sana genera riqueza y, como consecuencia, incrementa la demanda por seguros. Ambas situaciones producen primas, pero s&#243;lo una es buena <em>pa&#8217;l pa&#237;s</em>.</p><p>Al final del d&#237;a, mientras m&#225;s riesgos tenga que administrar una sociedad simplemente pa&#8217; funcionar, m&#225;s rentable termina siendo administrarlos.</p><p>En la pr&#243;xima entrega veremos lo que pasa con la plata del paname&#241;o una vez tiene que cederla en primas, una historia tan banal como interesante: la de los miles de millones de d&#243;lares que las aseguradoras administran gracias al dinero que le adelantan sus propios clientes, y qui&#233;n termina qued&#225;ndose con los grosos retornos de este capital.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/lucrando-del-colapso-parte-8-1-de?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Una reseña del libro "El Dividendo Natural"]]></title><description><![CDATA[La cura noruega para la maldici&#243;n de los recursos]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/una-resena-del-libro-el-dividendo</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/una-resena-del-libro-el-dividendo</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 09:20:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>En los dos a&#241;os y medio que llevo escribiendo en Substack, he descubierto newsletters sumamente interesantes, pero pocos tan pr&#225;cticos &#8212; al menos en relaci&#243;n al tema principal de </em>Versi&#243;n Criolla<em> &#8212; como </em><a href="/__u/progressandpoverty.substack.com/">Progress and Poverty</a><em>. Cuando me termin&#233; <a href="/__u/progressandpoverty.substack.com/p/book-review-the-natural-dividend">su excelente rese&#241;a</a> del libro &#8220;</em>The Natural Dividend<em>&#8221; (El Dividendo Natural), inmediatamente le escrib&#237; al autor, <a href="https://landeconomics.org/about-us">Lars Doucet</a>, pa&#8217; pedirle si me dejaba traducirla y compartirla con mis lectores. Lars ha aceptado generosamente.</em></p><p><em>Aunque es bastante m&#225;s largo de lo que acostumbro publicar, te recomiendo el ensayo enf&#225;ticamente, al igual que el resto de los escritos de </em>Progress and Poverty<em>. Honestamente, pocas cosas te har&#225;n caer en cuenta lo artificial que es la degradante desigualdad paname&#241;a, y ni hablar de la rotunda injusticia que ha sido el saqueo multigeneracional de nuestro invaluable pedacito de istmo centroamericano, a manos de intermediarios que viven como realeza en un pa&#237;s donde a demasiada gente <a href="https://www.prensa.com/sociedad/crisis-hidrica-en-azuero-la-emergencia-hecha-rutina-y-un-negocio-de-cisternas-que-supera-los-2-millones/">le sale agua envenenada de la pluma</a>.<br>- Andr&#233;s</em></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2bz!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21439bfd-14bb-45fe-9192-c3d978a1174c_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En 2023, los investigadores noruegos Jonathon Moses y Anne Margrethe Brigham escribieron un excelente libro llamado <a href="https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-natural-dividend/9781788214391/">&#8220;</a><em><a href="https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-natural-dividend/9781788214391/">The Natural Dividend</a></em><a href="https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-natural-dividend/9781788214391/">&#8221;</a>, cuyo argumento b&#225;sico es que los recursos naturales importan much&#237;simo. Si tuviera que resumirlo en una sola oraci&#243;n, ser&#237;a esta:</p><blockquote><p>La abundancia de la Tierra le pertenece a todos; los derechos de propiedad privada son buenos; el trabajo y el capital merecen una rentabilidad justa; y, por favor, no le entreguemos nuestros preciados recursos naturales a Un Buay Ah&#237; (<em>Some Guy</em>).</p></blockquote><p><strong>NOTA</strong>: <em>Lectores regulares del blog recordar&#225;n que ya hemos cubierto parte de este material; anteriormente escrib&#237; una breve introducci&#243;n sobre <a href="/__u/progressandpoverty.substack.com/p/norways-sovereign-wealth-fund">el sistema noruego de gesti&#243;n petrolera y su fondo soberano</a>; tambi&#233;n <a href="https://slimemoldtimemold.com/2022/05/17/norway-the-once-and-future-georgist-kingdom/">traduje al ingl&#233;s un art&#237;culo acad&#233;mico</a> de Moses y Brigham titulado &#8220;</em>The New Oil<em>&#8221;, que es el antecesor de &#8220;El Dividendo Natural&#8221;</em>.</p><p>Aunque los argumentos del libro tambi&#233;n podr&#237;an aplicarse a la tierra convencional, su alcance es m&#225;s amplio, pues equivale a nada menos que un marco econ&#243;mico integral sobre <em>todos</em> los recursos y oportunidades naturales. La preocupaci&#243;n central de los autores es el dividendo natural del t&#237;tulo, que es la abundancia que fluye no del esfuerzo ni de la inversi&#243;n de ning&#250;n individuo, sino de los regalos gratuitos de la naturaleza y de la escasez que surge cuando gobiernos y actores privados los cercan y comercializan. Los autores sostienen que la mayor&#237;a de las pol&#237;ticas convencionales de gesti&#243;n de recursos naturales obvian por completo este punto y, al hacerlo, desperdician el dividendo natural.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg" width="350" height="525" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:525,&quot;width&quot;:350,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;The Natural Dividend&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="The Natural Dividend" title="The Natural Dividend" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QMvk!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb18d24d6-0cea-40a9-b292-e46a21e7ba47_350x525.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En cuanto al dividendo natural en s&#237;, se trata de renta econ&#243;mica cl&#225;sica &#8212; una ganancia extraordinaria muy por encima del costo de producci&#243;n &#8212; compuesta por tres elementos: renta diferencial, renta locacional y renta regulatoria. Entender c&#243;mo surge cada una de &#233;stas es esencial no s&#243;lo para comprender c&#243;mo suele desperdiciarse la riqueza de los recursos naturales, sino tambi&#233;n c&#243;mo puede asegurarse para sus verdaderos y leg&#237;timos due&#241;os: la comunidad misma.</p><p>El libro est&#225; escrito en un ingl&#233;s claro y pr&#225;ctico, y presenta un estudio de caso exhaustivo y emp&#237;rico sobre c&#243;mo las distintas formas de renta econ&#243;mica se manifiestan en el mundo real. Los autores cubren varios estudios detallados sobre temas tan variados como energ&#237;a hidroel&#233;ctrica, e&#243;lica, solar, pesquer&#237;as, combustibles f&#243;siles, minerales subterr&#225;neos y m&#225;s, con los ejemplos m&#225;s s&#243;lidos extra&#237;dos de m&#225;s de un siglo de lecciones noruegas, aprendidas con mucho esfuerzo, en gesti&#243;n de recursos naturales. Este libro ser&#225; de especial inter&#233;s para cualquiera que quiera extender el <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismo">pensamiento georgista</a> m&#225;s all&#225; de la tierra misma, as&#237; como para cualquiera con inter&#233;s espec&#237;fico en la gesti&#243;n de recursos naturales y/o fondos soberanos.</p><p>Esta rese&#241;a est&#225; dividida en cuatro secciones principales:</p><ol><li><p><strong>El Dividendo Natural</strong><br>C&#243;mo surge, de qu&#233; est&#225; compuesto y qui&#233;n lo captura.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cercamiento</strong><br>El proceso mediante el cual la <em>naturaleza</em> se convierte en mercanc&#237;a como <em>recursos naturales</em>.</p></li><li><p><strong>La maldici&#243;n de los recursos</strong><br>Lo malo que ocurre cuando se ignora el dividendo natural.</p></li><li><p><strong>Lecciones de la tradici&#243;n noruega</strong><br>C&#243;mo evitar la maldici&#243;n de los recursos, asegurar eficiencia e inversi&#243;n, y garantizar el dividendo natural para la comunidad en vez de para Un Buay Ah&#237;.</p></li></ol><h3>El Dividendo Natural</h3><p>Como antesala, los autores ofrecen el ejemplo de una familia que tiene una gran finca y quiere cavar un pozo de agua en su propiedad. La familia tiene varias opciones para desarrollar su recurso: puede cavar el pozo por s&#237; misma, dependiendo enteramente de su propio trabajo, capital y conocimiento t&#233;cnico, o puede contratar a alguien para que lo haga. Si consigue a un contratista, no hay l&#237;mite a los arreglos financieros suficientes para motivar a un trabajador competente: un pago inicial, una tarifa por hora, una participaci&#243;n en las regal&#237;as del agua extra&#237;da durante los pr&#243;ximos tres a&#241;os, etc. Sin embargo, hay un arreglo que no tiene ning&#250;n sentido: el contratista simplemente aparece y declara: &#8220;Lo har&#233; solo si me dan la propiedad exclusiva del agua, para siempre&#8221;.</p><p>En esta par&#225;bola, la familia representa a la comunidad, la finca representa al mundo y el contratista representa al sector privado<sup><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></sup>. Dado que ninguna persona cre&#243; la Tierra, y que la distribuci&#243;n inicial de los recursos es esencialmente aleatoria, los due&#241;os naturales y leg&#237;timos de cualquier parte espec&#237;fica de la naturaleza son aquellos que ser&#237;an perjudicados o excluidos cuando el recurso es cercado para su desarrollo privado exclusivo. En t&#233;rminos pr&#225;cticos, esto se traduce en la poblaci&#243;n local del Estado que ejerce soberan&#237;a sobre esos recursos. Los intereses privados son bienvenidos a desarrollar los recursos del pueblo &#8212; y a enriquecerse haci&#233;ndolo &#8212; pero nunca deben olvidar que el pueblo, en &#250;ltima instancia, es el que manda y a quien le pertenece leg&#237;timamente el dividendo natural.</p><p>Ahora entendamos c&#243;mo surge el dividendo natural en s&#237;.</p><h4>1. Renta diferencial</h4><p>La renta diferencial se entiende con mayor facilidad en el contexto agr&#237;cola. Algunas parcelas son m&#225;s productivas que otras simplemente porque su suelo es m&#225;s f&#233;rtil, o porque tienen menos piedras, o porque no est&#225;n en la ladera de una monta&#241;a, etc. Esto aplica no s&#243;lo a la tierra, sino a &#8220;todas las oportunidades naturales&#8221;: un yacimiento tiene minerales m&#225;s valiosos que otro, una pesquer&#237;a es abundante mientras que la otra se agot&#243;, etc. La renta diferencial tiene que ver con los poderes y oportunidades <em>inherentes</em> al sitio o recurso en s&#237;.</p><blockquote><p>Los or&#237;genes de la renta diferencial pueden rastrearse hasta [el economista brit&#225;nico David] <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ricardo">Ricardo</a>, quien la describi&#243; como &#8220;aquella porci&#243;n del producto de la tierra que se paga al terrateniente por el uso de los poderes originales e indestructibles del suelo. A menudo, sin embargo, se la confunde con el inter&#233;s y las ganancias del capital y, en el lenguaje popular, el t&#233;rmino se aplica a cualquier suma pagada anualmente por un agricultor a su terrateniente&#8221;.<br>&#8230;<br>Es importante darse cuenta que la diferencia en capacidad productiva que llam&#243; la atenci&#243;n de Ricardo no se limita a las tierras agr&#237;colas, sino que puede encontrarse en cualquier recurso natural: algunos sitios e&#243;licos son m&#225;s productivos que otros; algunas minas son m&#225;s productivas que otras; algunos sitios de acuicultura son m&#225;s productivos que otros; etc. Es la diferencia la que crea la renta no ganada; de ah&#237; el t&#233;rmino renta diferencial.</p></blockquote><p>La mejor manera de entender esto es notar que la misma cantidad de trabajo y capital, aplicada tanto a un recurso o sitio superior como a uno inferior, producir&#225; rendimientos distintos. La diferencia es <em>renta diferencial</em>, que es el primer componente del dividendo natural.</p><h4>2. Renta locacional</h4><p>Esta forma de renta no proviene de la cosa en s&#237;, sino de su entorno. Sin importar cu&#225;ntos kilogramos de ma&#237;z pueda producir un pedazo particular de tierra, si no hay una carretera que lo conecte con un mercado, ni tuber&#237;as para mantenerlo irrigado, su potencial de ingresos disminuir&#225; enormemente. Lo mismo ocurre con otros recursos naturales, en particular la energ&#237;a, donde los precios no est&#225;n determinados s&#243;lo por oferta y demanda global, sino por cu&#225;nta oferta local puede transmitirse efectivamente hacia donde se necesita.</p><blockquote><p>Aquellos sitios ubicados m&#225;s cerca del mercado, o cerca de infraestructura eficiente que facilite el acceso a ese mercado, son m&#225;s valiosos, ceteris paribus, que los sitios de acuicultura que se encuentran lejos de las rutas principales. Como veremos en el cap&#237;tulo que sigue, esta diferencia en ventaja relativa a la ubicaci&#243;n genera otra parte del dividendo natural: lo que llamamos renta locacional.</p></blockquote><p>Dos sitios igualmente f&#233;rtiles todav&#237;a pueden producir rendimientos radicalmente distintos con la misma cantidad de trabajo e inversi&#243;n, simplemente por <em>el lugar</em> donde est&#225;n ubicados. Si una parcela queda demasiado lejos de la infraestructura, las cosechas abundantes se pudrir&#225;n mucho antes de llegar al mercado, mientras que las otras llegar&#225;n r&#225;pidamente y obtendr&#225;n una prima por venderse frescas. Crucialmente, el valor del entorno no lo provee el due&#241;o del sitio, sino la naturaleza, los vecinos y la comunidad en general. La diferencia en los rendimientos entre dos sitios igualmente productivos debida &#250;nicamente a su entorno es <em>renta locacional</em>, y constituye el segundo componente del dividendo natural.</p><p>La l&#237;nea entre renta diferencial y renta locacional a veces puede volverse un poco borrosa &#8212; &#191;el buen clima es diferencial o locacional? &#8212; pero lo importante es que ambas se distinguen claramente del tercer tipo de renta.</p><h4>3. Renta regulatoria</h4><p>El mero acto de regular el acceso a un recurso o mercanc&#237;a &#8212; incluso, y especialmente, si esa regulaci&#243;n se justifica plenamente &#8212; limita el acceso de otros que podr&#237;an querer desarrollarlo, formando una especie de monopolio localizado. Esto permite que quien tenga los derechos sobre la cosa capture una renta extraordinaria.</p><p>Perm&#237;tanme dar un ejemplo de mi vida personal. Tengo narcolepsia catapl&#233;jica, un trastorno neurol&#243;gico serio que puede tratarse de forma segura y efectiva con un medicamento llamado oxibato de sodio, cuyo nombre comercial es <em>Xyrem</em>. Sin embargo, este medicamento es qu&#237;micamente id&#233;ntico a una notoria droga callejera. Si el gobierno permitiese la venta de este medicamento en el mercado abierto, ser&#237;a mucho m&#225;s f&#225;cil de abusar. Pero si el gobierno lo prohibiese por completo, los pacientes narcol&#233;pticos sin tratamiento alternativo sufrir&#237;an much&#237;simo. La decisi&#243;n intermedia del gobierno fue clasificar simult&#225;neamente el oxibato de sodio como sustancia de la Lista I [de la Administraci&#243;n para el Control de Drogas de EE.UU., <em>DEA</em> por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s], por ejemplo, la hero&#237;na &#8212; y de la Lista III, por ejemplo, la testosterona. Esto equivale a prohibirlo para todos los usos salvo el tratamiento de narcolepsia, y otorgar derechos exclusivos de fabricaci&#243;n y distribuci&#243;n a una sola empresa para que los reguladores puedan vigilarla de cerca.</p><p>El resultado, como era de esperarse, es que el oxibato de sodio es escandalosamente caro. Su precio mayorista es de <a href="https://data.chhs.ca.gov/dataset/prescription-drug-wholesale-acquisition-cost-wac-increases/resource/b4554543-fec7-46c7-a518-b7d07bd1c1f3?view_id=7297a8c2-c2e3-4196-8ff6-e61c4a085223">$7,460 por botella</a>, o $82.89 por gramo. Esto no se debe a que sea costoso producirlo: ajustado por inflaci&#243;n, este mismo medicamento <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916070209/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/drug-story-part-i/">se vend&#237;a a $1.05 el gramo</a> a finales de los a&#241;os ochenta como suplemento para fisioculturistas. El precio tampoco puede justificarse como necesario para recuperar los costos del descubrimiento del medicamento, ya que la droga ha sido descrita <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_oxybate#History">por lo menos desde 1874</a>.</p><p>Esto no es nada menos que <strong>79 veces</strong> el precio en ese entonces. Esta prima no es necesaria para atraer los trabajadores y el capital requeridos para llevar el medicamento al mercado, sino que es pura renta creada por restricciones a la competencia. Los pacientes &#8212; o, m&#225;s t&#237;picamente, sus aseguradoras &#8212; pagan el costo incrementado, y la ganancia extraordinaria fluye enteramente hacia la empresa privada.</p><p>Hablando claro, no estoy argumentando que el oxibato de sodio no deba ser regulado, pues los peligros de la droga son muy conocidos. Sin embargo, hay un salto l&#243;gico bastante grande entre &#8220;esta droga es peligrosa en las manos equivocadas y debe ser monitoreada cuidadosamente&#8221; y &#8220;por lo tanto, debe ser 79 veces m&#225;s cara y esa ganancia extraordinaria debe ser toda para Un Buay Ah&#237;&#8221;.</p><p>Estas son las distintas formas de renta que componen el dividendo natural. Sin embargo, para que los recursos naturales tengan alg&#250;n valor, los seres humanos primero deben tomar posesi&#243;n de ellos.</p><h3>Cercamiento</h3><p>Los autores comienzan esta secci&#243;n con una pregunta sencilla: &#8220;&#191;qui&#233;n es due&#241;o del sol?&#8221;</p><p>Nadie puede reclamar su uso exclusivo. Incluso podemos capturar sus rayos con paneles solares o plantas de tomate. Al hacerlo, tomamos los regalos gratuitos de la naturaleza, los cercamos y convertimos en algo nuevo: <em>un recurso natural</em>. Algunas fuerzas naturales, como la luz solar y el ox&#237;geno, son tan abundantes que todos pueden tomar lo que quieran y no pasa nada, porque nunca se acabar&#225;n. Sin embargo, si alg&#250;n d&#237;a alguien encontrara la manera de monopolizar el sol o el aire y asegurarse su uso exclusivo, el resto de nosotros quedar&#237;amos completamente sin acceso, obligados a pagar precios exorbitantes s&#243;lo para seguir viviendo.</p><p>La mayor parte de la naturaleza no es ni remotamente tan abundante ni est&#225; tan uniformemente distribuida como el sol y la atm&#243;sfera. Pensemos en tierras agr&#237;colas, petr&#243;leo, agua potable o fiordos noruegos aptos para la acuicultura de salm&#243;n. Todos estos son escasos en oferta y est&#225;n distribuidos de manera desigual sobre la Tierra. &#191;C&#243;mo decidimos qui&#233;n puede usarlos, especialmente los mejores? Hay cuatro enfoques distintos: propiedad privada, propiedad com&#250;n, propiedad p&#250;blica y acceso abierto.</p><p>La propiedad privada es la que todos conocemos: el recurso en cuesti&#243;n se parcela y se entrega a individuos para su uso exclusivo. En la propiedad com&#250;n, los individuos disfrutan de acceso no exclusivo, limitado por normas, tradiciones y leyes comunitarias. Con la propiedad p&#250;blica, la autoridad soberana misma es tanto la propietaria como quien decide. La categor&#237;a final es el acceso abierto, que aplica a cualquier recurso &#8212; como el aire mismo &#8212; sobre el cual ninguna autoridad es realmente capaz de ejercer control exclusivo.</p><p>Lo clave es entender que la propiedad privada, com&#250;n y p&#250;blica &#8212; las tres formas m&#225;s comunes de propiedad &#8212; tienen todas su origen en la autoridad soberana que las respalda. Moses y Brigham nos instan a reconocer los efectos fundamentales del respaldo gubernamental a los derechos de propiedad, y lo que eso implica para la manera en que se captura el dividendo natural.</p><h3>Derechos de propiedad</h3><p>Imag&#237;nate en una ind&#243;mita naturaleza prehist&#243;rica. No hay civilizaci&#243;n ni ninguna forma de sociedad humana. De hecho, digamos que no hay humanos en lo absoluto: imag&#237;nate como una especie de gran felino prehist&#243;rico. Territorial, como la mayor&#237;a de los animales, buscas un pedazo de terreno que puedas llamar tuyo, desde el cual puedas asegurarte una provisi&#243;n confiable de comida, refugio, parejas, etc. El &#250;nico problema es que cualquier territorio que quieras tendr&#225;s que pelearlo y, lo peor de todo, la pelea <em>no termina nunca</em>. Debes vigilar tus fronteras constantemente mediante amenazas cre&#237;bles de violencia, disuadiendo a cada animal que desaf&#237;e tu reclamo. As&#237; gastar&#225;s una significativa cantidad de tus recursos y energ&#237;a corporal, y si alguna vez te detienes, corres el riesgo de perder tu territorio e incluso la vida.</p><p>Ahora imagina que eres un ser humano y vives en una sociedad. &#191;No ser&#237;a fant&#225;stico si pudi&#233;ramos dejar de pelear todo el tiempo? Podr&#237;amos tomar toda esa energ&#237;a que hemos estado desperdiciando en lastimar gente y romper cosas, y usarla para enriquecernos. Un legislador asiente con la cabeza y levanta unas grandes piedras, con <em>derechos de propiedad duraderos</em> tallados en lo m&#225;s alto de la lista. Ahora, si alguien te expulsa de tu tierra, simplemente llamas a la Ley, y un grupo de hombres fuertemente armados ir&#225; r&#225;pidamente a darle una paliza a los intrusos y devolverte tu propiedad.</p><p>Eso lo cambia todo.</p><p>Simplemente al poner una cerca alrededor de una propiedad, decir &#8220;esto es m&#237;o&#8221; y tener tus palabras respaldadas por el irresistible monopolio estatal de la violencia, aumentas masivamente el valor de mercado de tu propiedad. Para empezar, ya no tienes que pagar los costos continuos de defender tu reclamo, y disfrutas de esos ahorros inmediatamente. Mejor a&#250;n, ahora puedes estar seguro que la inversi&#243;n de hoy seguir&#225; ah&#237; ma&#241;ana, de modo que puedes cosechar crecimiento futuro. Esto libera m&#225;s recursos, pero tambi&#233;n crea un incentivo duradero para invertirlos, lo cual, en el corto plazo, vuelve m&#225;s rica a toda tu sociedad.</p><p>No se equivoquen: Moses y Brigham <em>aceptan</em> todos estos argumentos a favor de la privatizaci&#243;n precisamente por esas razones. Sin embargo, adem&#225;s sostienen que incluso si aceptamos que privatizar la naturaleza aumenta la eficiencia y eleva la productividad, de esa premisa no se sigue l&#243;gicamente que &#8220;por lo tanto, debamos entregarle un monopolio sobre nuestros escasos y valiosos recursos naturales a Un Buay Ah&#237;&#8221;.</p><h4>Eficiencia y justicia versus Un Buay Ah&#237;</h4><p>Los autores formulan su argumento sobre dos bases: eficiencia econ&#243;mica y justicia moral.</p><p><strong>Eficiencia econ&#243;mica</strong></p><p>&#191;No se supone que <em>la competencia</em> es la salsa secreta que hace que el capitalismo sea tan absurdamente efectivo? Entonces, &#191;por qu&#233; entregamos derechos monopol&#237;sticos sobre recursos naturales, un acto que fundamentalmente <em>limita</em> la competencia e invita a la ineficiencia, la corrupci&#243;n, el da&#241;o ecol&#243;gico y el desperdicio? Despu&#233;s de todo, si contratamos a Un Buay Ah&#237; para que desarrolle los recursos por nosotros, &#191;qui&#233;n dice que el primer buay ser&#225; el mejor? &#191;Qu&#233; tal si Otro Buay Ah&#237; pudo haberlo hecho m&#225;s barato y eficientemente?</p><p><strong>Justicia moral</strong></p><p>Nadie cre&#243; la naturaleza misma, as&#237; que &#191;qu&#233; derecho moral tiene Un Buay Ah&#237; sobre el dividendo natural? Si nos dice que se debe a su trabajo e inversi&#243;n, no hay que creerle. En un mercado competitivo, los retornos al trabajo y el capital tienden a igualarse a largo plazo. El hecho que la producci&#243;n de recursos naturales tan a menudo implique ganancias extraordinarias duraderas es una reveladora se&#241;al de alarma que indica que en juego hay un dividendo natural no reconocido. Cuando la comunidad es excluida de algo fundamentalmente escaso que nadie cre&#243;, debe ser compensada por esa exclusi&#243;n. Por lo tanto, el dividendo natural le pertenece leg&#237;timamente al pueblo, no a Un Buay Ah&#237;.</p><h4>Un Buay Ah&#237;</h4><p>Moses y Brigham anticipan esta cr&#237;tica: que los recursos naturales no valen nada en su estado natural hasta que los seres humanos los trabajen, y que a menos que entreguemos todos nuestros recursos naturales en propiedad plena y perpetua a Un Buay Ah&#237;, permanecer&#225;n sin valor para siempre. Seg&#250;n esta forma de pensar, el &#250;nico incentivo suficiente para motivar a Un Buay Ah&#237; a desarrollar nuestros preciados recursos naturales es un monopolio exclusivo y duradero. Claro, puede que esto le traiga ganancias extraordinarias, pero tambi&#233;n asume muchos riesgos y costos hundidos, y s&#243;lo la promesa de esas desproporcionadas ganancias puede motivar lo suficiente a un emprendedor para aplicar el trabajo y el capital necesarios.</p><p>Esto es lo que me gusta llamar una &#8220;hip&#243;tesis comprobable&#8221;.</p><p>Moses y Brigham traen m&#225;s de un siglo de evidencia emp&#237;rica de la larga historia noruega de gesti&#243;n de recursos naturales. Demuestran de manera concluyente que, en efecto, puede haber tanto eficiencia econ&#243;mica como justicia moral distributiva <em>sin</em> ceder el dividendo natural.</p><p>El sistema noruego de gesti&#243;n petrolera es un ejemplo particularmente convincente de esto, un ejemplo imposible de explicar con el modelo mental de los cr&#237;ticos. La tasa efectiva de impuestos de Noruega sobre las ganancias petroleras es un asombroso <strong>78 por ciento</strong>, y aun as&#237; Noruega tiene lo que ampliamente se considera uno de los sectores petroleros costa afuera y submarinos m&#225;s sofisticados y t&#233;cnicamente competentes del mundo. No se puede decir que sea porque el petr&#243;leo es barato y f&#225;cil de encontrar, porque en Noruega &#8220;es mucho m&#225;s dif&#237;cil llegar al petr&#243;leo; yace en lo profundo del subsuelo, lejos de la costa, cubierto por aguas profundas y azotado por terribles condiciones clim&#225;ticas&#8221;, con costos de producci&#243;n por barril casi tres veces m&#225;s altos que en Kuwait. Noruega no ha tenido problemas para atraer inversi&#243;n extranjera directa, desarrollar capacidades locales, vender cantidades enormes de petr&#243;leo y enriquecer obscenamente a todos los involucrados. Hicieron todo esto y, al mismo tiempo, capturaron la mayor parte de esas mismas ganancias extraordinarias que los cr&#237;ticos insisten deben ser capturadas privadamente para motivar la inversi&#243;n.</p><h4>Asume el riesgo</h4><p>Moses y Brigham se&#241;alan una concesi&#243;n clave que hace que esto funcione: los costos de b&#250;squeda y el riesgo. Este punto de fricci&#243;n fue planteado c&#233;lebremente en 2012 por <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1999105&amp;__cf_chl_f_tk=gqWrTU5QbQy5ngOMkB9UQD5o.kJS2drUl23PbfNPQa8-1783363936-1.0.1.1-gvcYojKl1GcyRhbN2CrTVmaSvs5Wa8O0ES8B1KUZ44w">Caplan y Gochenour</a>, quienes argumentaron que el <strong>impuesto sobre el valor de la tierra</strong> (IVT) y todas las pol&#237;ticas relacionadas generan malos incentivos porque los emprendedores necesitan la posibilidad de ganancias extraordinarias para motivarse lo suficiente a cubrir los costos del riesgo y el descubrimiento. Ir&#243;nicamente, invocaron espec&#237;ficamente la exploraci&#243;n petrolera como ejemplo de un &#225;mbito en el que los sistemas tributarios georgistas definitivamente nunca podr&#237;an funcionar.</p><p>Todo lo que se necesita para resolver la contradicci&#243;n es una peque&#241;a dosis de pragmatismo. Si partimos de la premisa que el pueblo es el leg&#237;timo due&#241;o del recurso, y que el riesgo es una barrera para la inversi&#243;n privada, &#191;c&#243;mo podemos lograr que el sector privado desarrolle eficientemente el recurso y asegurar el dividendo natural para el pueblo?</p><p>Sencillo. Que el pueblo garantice el riesgo inicial, haciendo que el Estado absorba el costo:</p><blockquote><p>Esto se hizo sin alienar a los inversionistas ni socavar su derecho a una rentabilidad justa sobre la inversi&#243;n. Al minimizar el riesgo que siempre est&#225; asociado con este tipo de mercado de recursos, los gobiernos noruegos pudieron asegurar una porci&#243;n mucho mayor del dividendo natural en relaci&#243;n a otros pa&#237;ses. A cambio, los inversionistas reciben un entorno de inversi&#243;n m&#225;s estable y menos riesgoso.</p></blockquote><p>En lugar de entregar concesiones perpetuas a precios bajos a empresas extranjeras, Noruega estableci&#243; un sistema cuidadosamente dise&#241;ado de arrendamientos <em>en combinaci&#243;n</em> con generosas exenciones de [investigaci&#243;n y desarrollo] I+D para eliminar el riesgo inicial de los inversionistas privados.</p><blockquote><p>Un <em>RRT</em> (impuesto sobre la renta del recursos) bien dise&#241;ado es neutral &#8212; o sea, no distorsiona la econom&#237;a &#8212; en el sentido que el impuesto no afectar&#225; las decisiones de inversi&#243;n y negocio ni implicar&#225; p&#233;rdidas econ&#243;micas. Cuando los inversionistas/productores de recursos naturales son impulsados a maximizar el valor de sus actividades productivas, un impuesto sobre ese valor no afectar&#225; las decisiones de los productores o inversionistas. Sencillamente, las decisiones de inversi&#243;n y operaci&#243;n que son rentables antes del <em>RRT</em> tambi&#233;n ser&#225;n rentables despu&#233;s del mismo &#8212; s&#243;lo que la ganancia ser&#225; redistribuida. Cuando el <em>RRT</em> tambi&#233;n permite a los inversionistas y productores deducir todos los costos relevantes contra los ingresos brutos por ventas &#8212; independientemente de si emplea un impuesto basado en ganancias devengadas o en flujo de caja &#8212; entonces el Estado se convierte, en efecto, en co-inversionista de estos proyectos y termina cargando con parte considerable del riesgo. De esta manera, los <em>RRT</em> reducen los riesgos de los inversionistas/productores al prometer una rentabilidad s&#243;lida antes de que entre en acci&#243;n el impuesto. Al compartir informaci&#243;n y asegurar que todos los costos de los inversionistas &#8212; incluyendo una rentabilidad justa &#8212; ser&#225;n cubiertos, tanto el gobierno como el inversionista quedan mejor. Al reducir sustancialmente los riesgos, sin distorsionar sus decisiones de inversi&#243;n y/u operaci&#243;n, el inversionista puede quedar satisfecho con una tasa de retorno mucho menor.</p></blockquote><p>En otras palabras, si intentas contratar a Un Buay Ah&#237; y le pides que invierta una tonelada de sus propios recursos en una operaci&#243;n riesgosa que quiz&#225; no resulte, te va a pedir una recompensa enorme. Sin embargo, si t&#250; mismo cubres ese riesgo a la baja, aceptar&#225; felizmente una tasa de retorno mucho menor &#8212; pero mucho m&#225;s segura.</p><h3>La maldici&#243;n de los recursos</h3><p>Bueno, pero &#191;qu&#233; es lo peor que puede pasar si eres un poco descuidado con el dividendo natural y Un Buay Ah&#237; termina qued&#225;ndose con &#233;l? Pues lo peor que puede pasar es que tu pa&#237;s se convierta en un parque de diversiones para rapaces intereses extranjeros, o que tu propia sociedad se vac&#237;e desde adentro y se estanque.</p><p>Cubrimos esto en <a href="/__u/progressandpoverty.substack.com/p/norways-sovereign-wealth-fund">un art&#237;culo anterior</a>, del cual reproduzco una secci&#243;n a continuaci&#243;n:</p><p>La maldici&#243;n de los recursos es un fen&#243;meno en el que una abundancia de recursos naturales conduce no a prosperidad y riqueza, sino a estancamiento, corrupci&#243;n, conflicto e incluso autoritarismo. Seg&#250;n el <em><a href="https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/nrgi_Resource-Curse.pdf">Natural Resource Governance Institute</a></em>:</p><blockquote><p>Polit&#243;logos y economistas sostienen que la riqueza en petr&#243;leo, minerales y gas se distingue de otros tipos de riqueza por sus grandes costos iniciales, largos plazos de producci&#243;n, naturaleza espec&#237;fica al sitio, escala &#8212; tambi&#233;n conocida como grandes rentas &#8212; volatilidad de precios y producci&#243;n, car&#225;cter no renovable y el secretismo de la industria.</p></blockquote><p>Dado que los gobiernos ricos en recursos obtienen su dinero de la extracci&#243;n de recursos naturales en lugar de la econom&#237;a en general, no tienen tanto incentivo para construir, en primer lugar, una econom&#237;a bien desarrollada y diversificada.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vni!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vni!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vni!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vni!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vni!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vni!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png" width="780" height="610" 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/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vni!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vni!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vni!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a987f52-22f7-4552-b1cd-7ea426773692_780x610.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" 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y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Cuando el poder productivo de la misma gente deja de ser la fuente de riqueza del gobierno, se vuelve f&#225;cil ignorarla por completo, o excluir a todos salvo a un grupo interno favorecido. Una versi&#243;n de la maldici&#243;n de los recursos se llama s&#237;ndrome holand&#233;s [<em>Dutch disease</em>], en la cual la extracci&#243;n de recursos puede tener efectos negativos sobre el resto de la econom&#237;a:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6XqA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6XqA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6XqA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6XqA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6XqA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6XqA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png" width="1456" height="593" 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/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6XqA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6XqA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6XqA!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625f8909-2fb3-42bc-b904-e925d2ccee30_1502x612.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>El s&#237;ndrome holand&#233;s, llamado as&#237; por lo que vivi&#243; Pa&#237;ses Bajos en los a&#241;os sesenta, ocurre cuando las ganancias extraordinarias provenientes de recursos naturales se convierten en &#8220;demasiado de algo bueno&#8221; y desplazan otros sectores de la econom&#237;a, conduciendo a una extra&#241;a forma de estancamiento. La causa directa de esto es la repentina entrada de riqueza, que eleva el valor de la moneda local, encareciendo todo para los sectores no extractivos de la econom&#237;a, que como resultado se vuelven menos competitivos. En Pa&#237;ses Bajos, esto produjo un aumento del desempleo, una disminuci&#243;n de la inversi&#243;n y un declive general de su sector manufacturero.</p><h3>Lecciones de la tradici&#243;n noruega</h3><p>El libro cubre muchos estudios de caso distintos, pero los dos ejemplos m&#225;s limpios y relevantes para nuestra discusi&#243;n son el sector hidroel&#233;ctrico noruego de comienzos del siglo XX y el sector petrolero de la segunda mitad del siglo XX.</p><h4>Hidroelectricidad</h4><p>Durante la mayor parte de su historia, las hermosas y extensas cordilleras de Noruega fueron en realidad una desventaja econ&#243;mica, pues dejaron al pa&#237;s con la menor cantidad de tierra cultivable de toda Escandinavia. Esta desventaja se convirti&#243; en un activo en el siglo XX, cuando se descubri&#243; el potencial de aprovechar las numerosas cascadas del pa&#237;s para producir energ&#237;a hidroel&#233;ctrica. Dado que Noruega acababa de lograr su independencia en 1905, la principal preocupaci&#243;n no era s&#243;lo c&#243;mo evitar que esta ganancia extraordinaria cayera en manos privadas, sino tambi&#233;n en manos <em>extranjeras</em>, que estaban ansiosas por comprarlo todo.</p><p>Dado que esto ocurr&#237;a a comienzos del siglo XX, quienes formulaban las pol&#237;ticas relevantes estaban directamente influenciados por un economista estadounidense en particular:</p><blockquote><p>Fue este deseo de asegurar el dividendo natural lo que llev&#243; al gobierno noruego a introducir un r&#233;gimen de concesiones hidroel&#233;ctricas, inspirado en la obra de Henry George, y espec&#237;ficamente dise&#241;ado para capturar el dividendo natural para las autoridades locales y nacionales.</p></blockquote><p>Se promulgaron tres pol&#237;ticas. La primera fue un impuesto a las ganancias extraordinarias de recursos, que permit&#237;a una rentabilidad &#8220;saludable&#8221; sobre la inversi&#243;n de los intereses privados, pero gravaba cualquier ganancia excesiva por encima de ese umbral. La segunda fue el mandato de que entre el 5% y el 10% de la energ&#237;a producida se distribuyera gratuitamente a la comunidad aleda&#241;a. La tercera y &#250;ltima pol&#237;tica fue el principio de <em>hjemfallsrett</em>, que significa reversi&#243;n, asegurando que los sitios hidroel&#233;ctricos noruegos volvieran a la propiedad p&#250;blica en un plazo de 40 a 60 a&#241;os. Este calendario es significativo porque est&#225; m&#225;s all&#225; del punto en que las tasas t&#237;picas de descuento de los inversionistas empujan el valor presente neto de los retornos futuros casi a cero. Es decir, est&#225; tan lejos en el tiempo que al inversionista realmente no le importa qu&#233; suceda para entonces de manera que afecte sus decisiones de inversi&#243;n hoy.</p><p>As&#237;, el pueblo noruego se asegur&#243; el dividendo natural y, al mismo tiempo, se asegur&#243; que Un Buay Ah&#237; fuese generosamente remunerado por desarrollar sus recursos hidroel&#233;ctricos. El resultado neto es que, durante el &#250;ltimo siglo, Noruega ha cubierto esencialmente todas las necesidades energ&#233;ticas dom&#233;sticas del pa&#237;s &#250;nicamente con energ&#237;a hidroel&#233;ctrica.</p><h4>Petr&#243;leo</h4><p>Ya hemos cubierto anteriormente el caso del sistema noruego de gesti&#243;n de petr&#243;leo, el cual puedes encontrar aqu&#237;:</p><div class="embedded-post-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:51616583,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://progressandpoverty.substack.com/p/norways-sovereign-wealth-fund&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:672686,&quot;embedding_publication_id&quot;:null,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Progress and Poverty&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!moKr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1db158-0a78-43ac-890d-b91fc3bfb493_848x848.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Norway's Sovereign Wealth Fund&quot;,&quot;truncated_body_text&quot;:&quot;Meet Farouk Al-Kasim, a Norwegian-Iraqi petroleum geologist, Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav, and the man widely credited with saving the Kingdom of Norway from the dreaded \&quot;resource curse\&quot; that had long haunted his birthplace of Iraq.&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2022-04-05T01:08:21.831Z&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:61,&quot;comment_count&quot;:11,&quot;bylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:3280289,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;profile_set_up_at&quot;:&quot;2021-04-16T05:05:51.954Z&quot;,&quot;previous_name&quot;:null,&quot;reader_installed_at&quot;:&quot;2022-06-13T20:14:45.196Z&quot;,&quot;publicationUsers&quot;:[{&quot;is_primary&quot;:false,&quot;public&quot;:true,&quot;publication&quot;:{&quot;custom_domain_optional&quot;:false,&quot;language&quot;:null,&quot;email_from_name&quot;:&quot;Progress and Poverty&quot;,&quot;primary_user_id&quot;:64916773,&quot;is_personal_mode&quot;:false,&quot;custom_domain&quot;:null,&quot;logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4c1db158-0a78-43ac-890d-b91fc3bfb493_848x848.png&quot;,&quot;payments_state&quot;:&quot;enabled&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Progress and Poverty&quot;,&quot;hero_text&quot;:&quot;Exploring the implications of Georgism in the modern world. \n\nBrought to you by the Center for Land Economics&quot;,&quot;explicit&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:672686,&quot;homepage_type&quot;:&quot;magaziney&quot;,&quot;author_id&quot;:64916773,&quot;logo_url_wide&quot;:null,&quot;founding_plan_name&quot;:&quot;Founding Member&quot;,&quot;invite_only&quot;:false,&quot;theme_var_background_pop&quot;:&quot;#E8B500&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;progressandpoverty&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2022-01-07T16:38:16.756Z&quot;,&quot;community_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Center for Land Economics&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:742233,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;admin&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:672686,&quot;user_id&quot;:3280289}],&quot;handle&quot;:&quot;larsiusprime&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Policy analyst, former game designer | landeconomics.org | Personal blog at fortressofdoors.com&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rlup!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F953a0fd9-d7ac-4373-9e9a-86bcd4000c78_864x1326.png&quot;,&quot;status&quot;:{&quot;vip&quot;:false,&quot;subscriberTier&quot;:5,&quot;subscriber&quot;:null,&quot;leaderboard&quot;:null,&quot;badge&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;subscriber&quot;,&quot;tier&quot;:5,&quot;accent_colors&quot;:null},&quot;bestsellerTier&quot;:null},&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Lars Doucet&quot;}],&quot;utm_campaign&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null}" data-component-name="EmbeddedPostToDOM"><a class="embedded-post" native="true" href="/__u/progressandpoverty.substack.com/p/norways-sovereign-wealth-fund?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_campaign=post_embed&amp;utm_medium=web"><div class="embedded-post-header"><img class="embedded-post-publication-logo" src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!moKr!,w_56,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1db158-0a78-43ac-890d-b91fc3bfb493_848x848.png" loading="lazy"><span class="embedded-post-publication-name">Progress and Poverty</span></div><div class="embedded-post-title-wrapper"><div class="embedded-post-title">Norway's Sovereign Wealth Fund</div></div><div class="embedded-post-body">Meet Farouk Al-Kasim, a Norwegian-Iraqi petroleum geologist, Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav, and the man widely credited with saving the Kingdom of Norway from the dreaded "resource curse" that had long haunted his birthplace of Iraq&#8230;</div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">4 years ago &#183; 61 likes &#183; 11 comments &#183; Lars Doucet</div></a></div><p>Para resumir brevemente: Noruega hizo un enorme descubrimiento de petr&#243;leo costa afuera en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, pero carec&#237;a de la experiencia interna para desarrollarlo plenamente. Gracias en parte al consejo experto de un inmigrante iraqu&#237; y ge&#243;logo petrolero llamado Farouk Al-Kasim &#8212; hoy caballero de la Orden de San Olaf &#8212; y apoy&#225;ndose en la tradici&#243;n establecida por su propia experiencia en gesti&#243;n de recursos hidroel&#233;ctricos, Noruega desarroll&#243; un novedoso sistema para atraer y recompensar la inversi&#243;n extranjera sin vender el dividendo natural.</p><p>La idea clave fue que los derechos monopol&#237;sticos sobre ganancias extraordinarias no eran un incentivo necesario para la inversi&#243;n. En cambio, se dise&#241;&#243; una pol&#237;tica pragm&#225;tica y flexible mediante la cual el Estado cubr&#237;a el riesgo inicial y, al mismo tiempo, empleaba regulaciones cuidadosas no s&#243;lo para limitar el da&#241;o ambiental, sino tambi&#233;n para asegurar transferencia tecnol&#243;gica, competencia e innovaci&#243;n. Hay muchos m&#225;s detalles de los que tengo espacio para tratar aqu&#237;; para un tratamiento completo, recomiendo leer el art&#237;culo mencionado arriba, as&#237; como el libro de Moses y Brigham.</p><p>El sistema noruego contrasta marcadamente con los dos modelos m&#225;s comunes de gesti&#243;n de recursos naturales: el enfoque &#8220;capitalista&#8221; de dejar que las empresas privadas hagan lo que quieran y se escapen con el dividendo natural; y el enfoque &#8220;socialista&#8221; de nacionalizarlo todo sin consideraci&#243;n por los incentivos, provocando que el conocimiento t&#233;cnico huya y que la inversi&#243;n se seque &#8212; <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-58315356">cuando no terminan incendiando el oc&#233;ano</a>.</p><h4>Recomendaciones</h4><p>Moses y Brigham no llegan a formular pol&#237;ticas estrictas, y prefieren en cambio ofrecer un esquema de varios enfoques. Su &#250;nica prescripci&#243;n firme puede resumirse as&#237;:</p><blockquote><p>La pol&#237;tica correcta es aquella que incentiva el desarrollo eficiente y ecol&#243;gicamente sostenible de los recursos del pueblo, al tiempo que devuelve el dividendo natural a la comunidad.</p></blockquote><p>Sin embargo, hay varios patrones comunes que emergen del modelo noruego:</p><ul><li><p>Impuestos a la renta del recurso &#8212; o impuestos de extracci&#243;n.</p></li><li><p>Arrendamientos sobre la renta del suelo (<em>ground rent leases</em>)</p></li><li><p>Impuestos de tenencia tipo IVT sobre sitios ricos en recursos.</p></li><li><p>Acuerdos de transferencia tecnol&#243;gica con empresas extranjeras.</p></li><li><p>Concesiones directas, como exigir a las empresas privadas contratar y capacitar a la poblaci&#243;n local, o distribuir alguna parte del recurso producido a los habitantes locales a precios gratuitos o descontados.</p></li></ul><p>La pregunta principal es si el &#233;xito de Noruega puede replicarse de manera confiable. Algunas cosas sugieren que no fue casualidad.</p><h4>Una tradici&#243;n de un siglo con m&#250;ltiples &#233;xitos</h4><p>Noruega lleva mucho tiempo haciendo esto: primero con la hidroelectricidad, luego con el petr&#243;leo. Recientemente, incluso se han implementado pol&#237;ticas similares en respuesta al cercamiento de fiordos noruegos para la acuicultura de salm&#243;n. Esto sugiere que la experiencia noruega no fue simplemente una casualidad afortunada, sino el resultado de un programa deliberado y basado en principios.</p><p>Sin embargo, cada vez que menciono esto, siempre recibo al menos un comentario que va m&#225;s o menos as&#237;: &#8220;claro, <em>Noruega</em> puede hacerlo, pero eso es s&#243;lo porque ellos son especiales, as&#237; que nosotros no tenemos nada que aprender de ellos&#8221;.</p><h4>Excepcionalismo del norte de Europa versus s&#237;ndrome holand&#233;s</h4><p>Si todo lo que se necesita para evitar la maldici&#243;n de los recursos es ser una naci&#243;n llena de europeos del norte altos, p&#225;lidos, de ojos azules, protestantes, con alta confianza social y una conexi&#243;n hist&#243;rica con la Liga Hanse&#225;tica, &#191;c&#243;mo se explica lo que le pas&#243; a <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal_holand%C3%A9s">Pa&#237;ses Bajos</a> cuando su ganancia extraordinaria de petr&#243;leo y gas le sali&#243; tan mal a toda su econom&#237;a que terminamos nombrando el fen&#243;meno en su honor? Parece que las decisiones espec&#237;ficas de pol&#237;tica p&#250;blica explican los resultados distintos mucho mejor que generalizaciones vagas sobre gen&#233;tica y cultura.</p><h4>Experimentos estadounidenses</h4><p>C&#233;lebremente, dos estados de Estados Unidos, Alaska y Texas, aseguran para su gente una porci&#243;n notable del dividendo natural de sus sectores de petr&#243;leo y gas. Alaska distribuye el suyo como un dividendo directo y equitativo a todos los ciudadanos y, Texas, de manera algo menos equitativa &#8212; por ejemplo, como una forma de reducirles los impuestos de propiedad a los terratenientes. Pero estos no son los &#250;nicos dos estados que emplean fondos soberanos basados en recursos naturales; <a href="https://nationalinterest.org/blog/politics/how-severance-taxes-built-5-american-sovereign-wealth-funds-187735">tambi&#233;n hay muchos otros</a>.</p><p>Siendo justos, estos programas capturan una porci&#243;n mucho menor del dividendo natural que el sistema noruego, y a menudo usan instrumentos m&#225;s burdos que gravan los ingresos brutos, en lugar de usar los instrumentos cuidadosamente dise&#241;ados y neutrales en cuanto a riesgo del modelo noruego. Sin embargo, establecen un precedente s&#243;lido, suficiente para refutar el &#8220;eso no se puede hacer aqu&#237;&#8221;. De todos los impuestos de extracci&#243;n estadounidenses, el de Alaska es el que m&#225;s se parece al modelo noruego, y no hay raz&#243;n por la cual los otros sistemas no puedan ir en una direcci&#243;n similar con suficiente voluntad pol&#237;tica. Lo que falta principalmente es una teor&#237;a coherente de qu&#233; estamos intentando hacer con nuestros recursos naturales en primera instancia, un vac&#237;o que Moses y Brigham ahora han llenado.</p><h3>Yendo m&#225;s lejos</h3><p>Dicho todo esto, s&#237; tengo una cr&#237;tica del libro, y es que los ejemplos m&#225;s detallados de implementaciones exitosas provienen casi exclusivamente de Noruega. Esto es comprensible dado el trasfondo de los investigadores &#8212; prefiero que se queden en el terreno que mejor conocen antes de aventurarse por una rama desconocida &#8212; pero s&#237; invita a la cr&#237;tica anterior sobre qu&#233; tanto deber&#237;amos esperar que todo esto pueda generalizarse.</p><p>Sin embargo, cada vez m&#225;s pa&#237;ses est&#225;n recurriendo al modelo noruego, y me gustar&#237;a saber m&#225;s sobre otros pa&#237;ses que supuestamente han hecho cosas similares. Por ejemplo, la naci&#243;n africana de Botsuana<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a> <a href="https://issafrica.org/iss-today/botswana-has-valued-good-governance-as-much-as-diamonds">suele destacarse</a> por haber superado el desempe&#241;o de sus vecinos, gracias en parte a un importante acuerdo de impuesto de extracci&#243;n sobre la industria minera de diamantes y a una alianza p&#250;blico-privada con <em>De Beers</em>. Me habr&#237;a encantado ver un an&#225;lisis detallado de estos reg&#237;menes no noruegos de gesti&#243;n de recursos, y de las lecciones que podemos aprender de ellos.</p><p>En definitiva, encontr&#233; el libro inspirador, riguroso y eminentemente pr&#225;ctico. Como todos los grandes magos, Moses y Brigham entienden la necesidad de llamar a un gran poder por su Nombre Verdadero. Hacerlo provoca que aquello que antes era misterioso e invisible cobre forma clara, y nos da el entendimiento necesario para enfrentarlo. Mike Bird nos hizo el mismo favor con su libro <em><a href="/__u/progressandpoverty.substack.com/p/book-review-the-land-trap-by-mike">The Land Trap</a></em>, y con <em>The Natural Dividend</em>, Moses y Brigham se ganan con justicia su lugar en el estante junto a &#233;l &#8212; y me atrever&#237;a a decir que incluso junto a <em>Progress and Poverty</em>.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>No pude evitar notar que esta par&#225;bola tiene un parecido notable &#8212;aunque probablemente no intencional&#8212; con <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2021%3A33-46&amp;version=NKJV">la par&#225;bola b&#237;blica de los labradores malvados</a>, en la cual los labradores representan a la humanidad, la finca representa el mundo y el due&#241;o representa a Dios mismo</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>No estoy bromeando: justo cuando estaba editando este mismo p&#225;rrafo, mis hijos estaban viendo al otro lado de la sala un episodio de la nueva adaptaci&#243;n de <em>Carmen Sandiego</em> de Netflix, durante el cual escuch&#233; por casualidad a uno de los personajes elogiar las virtudes del r&#233;gimen de gesti&#243;n de recursos naturales de Botsuana.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/una-resena-del-libro-el-dividendo?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/una-resena-del-libro-el-dividendo?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/una-resena-del-libro-el-dividendo/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/una-resena-del-libro-el-dividendo/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Restraint for Thee, Not for Me]]></title><description><![CDATA[While the current kleptocracy speaks of &#8220;fiscal discipline,&#8221; the national budget remains a corporate pi&#241;ata]]></description><link>https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Andres]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 21:20:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/contencion-de-gasto-pa-ti-no-pa-mi">Versi&#243;n original</a></em>.</p><p>The <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/contencion-de-gasto-pa-ti-no-pa-mi">original version</a> of this essay was published October 7, 2025, under the title &#8220;<em>Contenci&#243;n de gasto pa&#8217; ti, no pa&#8217; mi</em>&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><p><em>No, there will be no increase in the budget. Panama has announced to the country, and to the world, its fiscal target. This has been [&#8230;] a Ministry of Economy and Finance, and a government, that when it makes promises regarding targets &#8212; fiscal targets, for example &#8212; it keeps them.</em><br>- Felipe Chapman, Minister of Economy and Finance, September 29, 2025</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;No habr&#225; aumento del presupuesto 2026, asegura ministro Chapman &#8226; Peri&#243;dico  Digital Centroamericano y del Caribe&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="No habr&#225; aumento del presupuesto 2026, asegura ministro Chapman &#8226; Peri&#243;dico  Digital Centroamericano y del Caribe" title="No habr&#225; aumento del presupuesto 2026, asegura ministro Chapman &#8226; Peri&#243;dico  Digital Centroamericano y del Caribe" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_424, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_848, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AL-J!, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F422eb8dc-749a-4cdd-837b-5ba60dc2f82f_1600x900.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>With few exceptions, reading the news out of Panama <a href="https://www.prensa.com/politica/festival-de-aguinaldos-y-bonos-en-varias-entidades-704-millones-en-2025-y-67-millones-en-2026/">makes you want to cry</a>. Not necessarily because of how depressing it is &#8212; the country is in serious trouble, no other way to put it &#8212; but because of the exasperating biases revealed by the people who practice what passes locally for &#8220;journalism&#8221;. Though these biases are <a href="/__u/open.substack.com/pub/versioncriolla/p/when-our-tribal-instincts-determine">part and parcel of the human condition</a>, when I see them even in &#8220;new media&#8221; &#8212; supposedly <em>data-driven</em> &#8212; led by young Panamanians who appear pretty capable, I confess I&#8217;m left with very little hope for our future.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscribirse&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;es&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Get <em>Versi&#243;n Criolla</em> in your inbox:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Escribe tu correo electr&#243;nico..." tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Suscribirse"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>The most infuriating example is the issue of &#8220;fiscal discipline&#8221;. From what I&#8217;ve read, the consensus among &#8220;those who know&#8221; is that, with sovereign debt through the roof and threatening to plunge the entire country into a crisis, it&#8217;s &#8220;indispensable&#8221; for the Panamanian State to <em><strong>1)</strong></em> cut spending and <em><strong>2)</strong></em> stimulate the private sector.</p><p>Here, in all its glory, is the hypocrisy I&#8217;ve been fed since kindergarten: not only is it impossible for public spending to produce social benefits &#8212; since those can only come from the &#8220;private sector,&#8221; the true engine of the economy &#8212; but, apparently, there&#8217;s no need whatsoever to increase tax collection, or even to charge fairly for the exclusive use of State assets.</p><p><em>Taxes? That&#8217;s for suckers, brah.</em><br><em>Do I look like a sucker to you?</em></p><p>In that sense, this year&#8217;s budget once again reflects the same old &#8220;national&#8221; priorities: making sure a select group of companies &#8212; and family clans &#8212; accumulate extraordinary fortunes in two complementary ways. First, by keeping almost all the foreign exchange that regularly rains on the country; and second, by condemning most Panamanians, as their only option for not starving, to become their personal servants: an army of workers with no education or technical knowledge to run their errands, clean their homes, prepare their meals, and wipe their kids&#8217; asses &#8212; some of them, still in elementary school.</p><h4>&#8220;Political Maturity&#8221;</h4><p>Like any budget, Panama&#8217;s clearly shows what its authors consider important &#8212; and what they couldn&#8217;t care less about. Our nation&#8217;s main responsibility: pay down the debt above all else, otherwise they&#8217;ll cut off the flow of &#8220;foreign capital&#8221; we&#8217;ve been needlessly addicted to for the last 20 years. Next fiscal year, in fact, over $8 billion <a href="https://www.ecotvpanama.com/economia/chapman-mas-8000-millones-del-presupuesto-seran-destinados-al-pago-la-deuda-n6056164">will vanish into debt payments</a> &#8212; more than will be allocated to the Ministries of Education ($3.7 billion) and Health ($3.0 billion) <a href="https://www.asamblea.gob.pa/Noticias/Actualidad/MEF-ENTREGA-PRESUPUESTO-GENERAL-DEL-ESTADO-PARA-EL-2026">combined</a>. Basically, what the average Panamanian most urgently needs can wait.</p><p>Our creditors?</p><p><em>Bitch, please.</em></p><p>This is, of course, 100% rational: paying debts on time is a sign of &#8220;political maturity,&#8221; while failing to do so would have disastrous consequences for the country. Still, it&#8217;s worth asking how the hell we got so deeply indebted in the first place, especially with such a small population. The answer, coincidentally, lies in the current kleptocracy&#8217;s second priority: maintaining the corporate subsidies that, for decades, have enriched the big business groups that have hijacked the Panamanian State.</p><p><span>Between the cooking gas (LPG) subsidy, the Electricity Rate Stabilization Fund, and the preferential-interest regime for housing, </span><a href="https://www.mef.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/MEF_Informe_Cuenta_General_Tesoro_2025.pdf">we&#8217;re talking about hundreds of millions</a> in direct transfers to private companies that already have legally captive markets. If you add the other subsidies, accumulated obligations, and tax benefits &#8212; that is, money the State either pays directly or chooses not to collect &#8212; it&#8217;s around <strong>$3.5 billion</strong>: more than 10% of <a href="https://www.asamblea.gob.pa/Noticias/Actualidad/El-PRESUPUESTO-GENERAL-DEL-ESTADO-2026-A-LA-SANCION-DEL-EJECUTIVO">the whole damn budget</a>. Political intermediaries for these companies sell them as &#8220;social aid,&#8221; but in practice it&#8217;s little more than a grotesque corporate giveaway.</p><p>And who are the &#8220;lucky&#8221; few receiving such gifts? For the subsidies mentioned above, respectively: the <em>Tropigas</em>&#8211;<em>Panagas</em> LPG duopoly, electricity distributors <em>ENSA</em> and <em>Naturgy</em>, and the CAPAC-SUNTRACS construction cartel, which, together with local banks, continues to <a href="https://investor.com.pa/protagonistas/la-pasion-de-gabriel/">get obscenely rich</a> through government-subsidized interest rates.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;5ba4ef54-172d-4527-b53b-7268743410ef&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;When Being the Cost of Doing Business Is More Profitable Than Doing Business&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-16T10:20:37.243Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6REq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b4b645a-aa60-4e07-9714-489c48026ecf_898x453.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-being-the-cost-of-doing-business&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:197673750,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Shamelessly, while politicians protect these exorbitant rents as if it were their job, the owners and top executives of the big business groups, who spread the &#8220;fiscal discipline&#8221; gospel as far and wide as their money can take it, are the ones who&#8217;ve most benefited from the State over the last 30 years &#8212; and the sovereign debt thus accumulated. At the same time, they&#8217;ve been the <em>last</em> to pay for the country&#8217;s resulting social degradation, living well protected behind thick walls and plenty of checkpoints, with the ample private security they buy using &#8220;their&#8221; so-called profits.</p><p>And still, the same refrain always comes back: the government is useless, it wastes taxpayer money on bloated payrolls while politicians and bureaucrats steal whatever is left.</p><p>But when our indebted State fills <em>their</em> pockets with money? Oh no, that&#8217;s &#8220;social investment,&#8221; <em>what&#8217;s wrong with youuu?</em></p><p><span>Meanwhile, salaried workers, entrepreneurs, and small businesses continue to suffocate in an economy captured from top to bottom, paying first-world prices for third-world services, with wages that </span><a href="https://www.laestrella.com.pa/panama/nacional/ingresos-insuficientes-siete-de-cada-diez-panamenos-no-cubren-sus-gastos-OC16414129"><span>buy less each and every day</span></a><span>.</span></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Sharing is caring.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p></div><h4>Everything Is Relative</h4><p>One of the most revealing perspectives for understanding human beings is that our reality is relative. No matter how much we have materially in absolute terms, our feelings of well-being are always tied to the level of comfort we perceive in those around us. If you&#8217;re a millionaire, for example, you won&#8217;t necessarily be happy &#8212; or have peace of mind &#8212; especially if you live surrounded by billionaires who literally make you feel poor. With social media providing access to the supposedly real lives of people who have absolutely nothing to do with us, but with whom we compare ourselves anyway, surely even Panama&#8217;s most &#8220;successful&#8221; people feel like they&#8217;re not keeping pace.</p><p>Once you understand this, it&#8217;s (a little) less surprising that the country&#8217;s wealthiest clans, some of the wealthiest in the entire region, continue using their enormous fortunes to increase their political power even further and, therefore, keep extracting more and more value from the economy. Even if, in the process, they&#8217;re on the verge of bankrupting the whole country, none of them wants to let go of the state teat because none of them wants to fall behind relative to their peers. Unfortunately, it&#8217;s quite normal for people with enough money &#8212; and power &#8212; to guarantee a good life to their descendants for three or four generations down the line, to somehow feel that they don&#8217;t have enough &#8220;yet&#8221;.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;48424d55-1bf8-4748-b7bc-6770567d7838&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;When the Greatest Threat to Your Country's Sovereignty Is Homegrown&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-16T09:20:51.838Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dBAG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16aa466f-8a09-4c2c-b555-b8ecbac46dec_1118x610.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/when-the-greatest-threat-to-your&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:184344945,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:5,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>The problem, as I&#8217;ve said repeatedly, is that for these local clans to live like Emirati royalty, most Panamanians must endure a corrupt and incompetent State, and so much of the evidence suggests their patience with this arrangement is running out.</p><p>So if you&#8217;re one of the fortunate few who did not have to depend on said State to make it to adulthood, I hate to break it to you, but <em>we&#8217;re the ones who must give up something</em>. Not because of some moral debt we owe our less fortunate fellow citizens &#8212; though it wouldn&#8217;t hurt to recognize the damage our relatively decadent lifestyles have done to the rest of the country &#8212; but because we&#8217;re literally the only ones who have anything of real value to give up in the first place, even if our perspective, mediated by <em>Instagram</em>, <em>Pinterest</em>, or some other antisocial network, prevents us from realizing it.</p><p>&#8220;Fiscal discipline&#8221; in Panama is but a sick joke, a vile charade for the average citizen. When so much of the national budget ends up in the bank accounts, many of them abroad, of a handful of local and foreign companies, while more than $8 billion that we&#8217;ll never be able to invest in our crippled labor force goes to debt repayments, our problem isn&#8217;t that we lack money. <span>Rather, the reason so many Panamanians are much poorer than they should be &#8212; or find a decent quality of life so far out of reach &#8212; is that most of the money entering the country is captured by middlemen who produce little to no economic value in exchange for what they take.</span></p><p>The austerity caper that the current kleptocracy is selling the middle class ignores the ludicrous waste most of us have witnessed over the last decades, including, among other things, a skyline full of idle capital rotting away in the sweltering heat of Panama City: shoddily built monuments to neglect. For their part, our &#8220;democratic&#8221; leaders legalize this protection racket for the clans and corporations that, for all practical purposes, own the country. For the vast majority of citizens, then, &#8220;political maturity&#8221; is a euphemism meaning they must keep sacrificing, while those who already have the most look for ways to take <em>everything.</em></p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;1109f04b-ea01-43ea-814c-fdcd6af22192&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n original.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\&quot;Mom, why can&#8217;t Panamanians have nice things?\&quot;&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2888031,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;tenuous, at best&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23468cd6-56f8-40a9-8785-e07e7506ab20_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-23T09:20:38.342Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QIuE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48533fa2-da07-444f-a19c-054617916f20_1200x628.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/mom-why-cant-panamanians-have-nice&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:188553000,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:4,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2162515,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Versi&#243;n Criolla&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iD9e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36c60f11-68fd-4957-acab-d547c68d5623_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>It&#8217;s also worth remembering that many of the funds being disbursed by the government are, in fact, going to pay for the personal vanities of those in power, mainly the President &#8212; like the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzTinsx6dLk&amp;t=8s">Brazilian warplanes</a> he ordered, even as the country&#8217;s sole public cancer hospital is falling apart, and so many in the Azuero region are forced to buy bottled water, or a serious water filter, if they want to avoid drinking the fecal matter and other toxins coming out of their taps.</p><p>But as enraging as this is, it doesn&#8217;t compare to the massive extraction of value by the corporations that pay our politicians so that nobody else may have access to the nation&#8217;s riches. The price we pay for our intermediary mafia &#8212; the most degrading inequality in Latin America &#8212; is one we&#8217;ll soon no longer be able to afford. And when that happens, don&#8217;t expect the people who&#8217;ve benefited the <em>least</em> from the &#8220;Panamanian miracle,&#8221; even if in absolute terms they&#8217;re better off than before, to act rationally, especially those who&#8217;ve got nothing to lose.</p><p>No political system, much less a democracy, can withstand this level of inequality without giving way to violence. This is not an opinion; we&#8217;ve seen it happen again and again, especially in our region. If those of us who have almost everything don&#8217;t yield at least a little, those who only get our crumbs will eventually flip the entire table over. </p><p>And that&#8217;s when the party ends for <em>everybody</em>.</p><p><span>All those &#8220;savings&#8221; Minister Chapman is now bragging about, chest puffed out and all &#8212; so </span><em><span>Moody&#8217;s</span></em><span> and </span><em><span>S&amp;P</span></em><span> won&#8217;t downgrade Panama, the only thing that matters to the people who run our country &#8212; will eventually be felt in the streets as accumulated rage. Once it overflows, I fear, there will be no subsidy, or new debt, capable of containing it.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:2888031,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Andres&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suscr&#237;bete ahora&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/subscribe"><span>Suscr&#237;bete ahora</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="/__u/versioncriolla.substack.com/p/restraint-for-thee-not-for-me?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>