<script data-pm-proxy="intercept"></script><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></title><description><![CDATA[I am a full-time educator, a part-time researcher, and a chill writer. ]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uUoL!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2e7099c-e539-4a2a-b8cd-bf4e0cd3a92b_1280x1280.png</url><title>Vu Tran-Thanh</title><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 21:31:59 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[vutranthanh@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[vutranthanh@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[vutranthanh@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[vutranthanh@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Giáo dục trường học và xã hội]]></title><description><![CDATA[Trong su&#7889;t l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ch&#237;nh quy (formal education) l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n hi&#7871;m hoi g&#7847;n nh&#432; ch&#7881; d&#224;nh ri&#234;ng cho gi&#7899;i tinh hoa t&#244;n gi&#225;o v&#224; kinh t&#7871; - x&#227; h&#7897;i.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/giao-duc-truong-hoc-va-xa-hoi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/giao-duc-truong-hoc-va-xa-hoi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 13:06:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CcWj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facef055e-0bd1-4eb5-bded-b2edfbf02a71_1096x514.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CcWj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facef055e-0bd1-4eb5-bded-b2edfbf02a71_1096x514.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facef055e-0bd1-4eb5-bded-b2edfbf02a71_1096x514.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CcWj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facef055e-0bd1-4eb5-bded-b2edfbf02a71_1096x514.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CcWj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facef055e-0bd1-4eb5-bded-b2edfbf02a71_1096x514.png" width="1096" height="514" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facef055e-0bd1-4eb5-bded-b2edfbf02a71_1096x514.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CcWj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facef055e-0bd1-4eb5-bded-b2edfbf02a71_1096x514.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CcWj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facef055e-0bd1-4eb5-bded-b2edfbf02a71_1096x514.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CcWj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facef055e-0bd1-4eb5-bded-b2edfbf02a71_1096x514.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong su&#7889;t l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ch&#237;nh quy (formal education) l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n hi&#7871;m hoi g&#7847;n nh&#432; ch&#7881; d&#224;nh ri&#234;ng cho gi&#7899;i tinh hoa t&#244;n gi&#225;o v&#224; kinh t&#7871; - x&#227; h&#7897;i. Trong nhi&#7873;u th&#7871; k&#7927;, c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c thu&#7853;t ch&#7911; y&#7871;u di&#7877;n ra t&#7841;i nh&#224; th&#7901;, ph&#7909;c v&#7909; cho vi&#7879;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o gi&#225;o s&#297; ho&#7863;c b&#7843;o t&#7891;n c&#225;c truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng c&#7893; &#273;i&#7875;n. S&#7921; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i sang n&#7873;n gi&#225;o d&#7909;c c&#244;ng l&#7853;p b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c, do nh&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c qu&#7843;n l&#253; (<em>mass public schooling</em>) m&#7899;i ch&#7881; th&#7921;c s&#7921; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u c&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y kho&#7843;ng 150 n&#259;m.</p><p>C&#225;c nh&#224; x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;a ra m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#225;ch gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch kh&#225;c nhau v&#7873; l&#253; do t&#7841;i sao cu&#7897;c c&#225;ch m&#7841;ng gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;&#7841;i ch&#250;ng n&#224;y l&#7841;i x&#7843;y ra. Trong &#273;&#243;, c&#243; b&#7889;n nh&#243;m l&#253; do ch&#237;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a ra:</p><ul><li><p><strong>C&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p h&#243;a:</strong> Tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c ra &#273;&#7901;i nh&#7857;m t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t l&#7921;c l&#432;&#7907;ng lao &#273;&#7897;ng c&#243; k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#224; bi&#7871;t tu&#226;n th&#7911; (ph&#7909;c t&#249;ng) &#273;&#7875; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; cho ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a t&#432; b&#7843;n c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p.</p></li><li><p><strong>T&#237;nh ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p v&#7873; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t:</strong> Tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c l&#224; thi&#7871;t ch&#7871; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; trang b&#7883; cho gi&#7899;i tr&#7867; c&#225;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c nh&#7857;m &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i ng&#224;y c&#224;ng tr&#7903; n&#234;n ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p.</p></li><li><p><strong>S&#7921; d&#7877; b&#7883; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a tr&#7867; em:</strong> Tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; &#273;&#7875; truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t v&#224; b&#7891;i &#273;&#7855;p c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c chung cho tr&#7867; em.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ki&#7871;n thi&#7871;t qu&#7889;c gia:</strong> Gi&#225;o d&#7909;c h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; do nh&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c t&#224;i tr&#7907; (b&#7843;o tr&#7907;) nh&#7857;m x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i c&#243; t&#237;nh g&#7855;n k&#7871;t.</p></li></ul><p>&#272;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i, gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;&#7841;i ch&#250;ng (<em>mass public schooling</em>) &#273;&#227; &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c khu&#244;n m&#7851;u v&#259;n h&#243;a s&#226;u s&#7855;c nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a n&#243;&#8212;li&#234;n k&#7871;t ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c ph&#7893; qu&#225;t, ch&#7913;ng ch&#7881; v&#224; b&#7857;ng c&#7845;p h&#7885;c thu&#7853;t v&#7899;i chuy&#234;n m&#244;n ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p&#8212;t&#7915; s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n l&#7883;ch s&#7917; c&#7911;a tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y th&#7901;i trung c&#7893; c&#243; tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7901;i 800 n&#259;m.</p><p>Ng&#224;y nay, cu&#7897;c c&#225;ch m&#7841;ng n&#224;y &#273;&#227; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh v&#224; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t &#8220;x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng&#8221; (<em>schooled society</em>) to&#224;n di&#7879;n. Gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ch&#237;nh quy &#273;&#227; chi&#7871;m v&#7883; tr&#237; trung t&#226;m tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i trong &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i, kinh t&#7871; v&#224; c&#225; nh&#226;n. Vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c h&#224;nh gi&#7901; &#273;&#226;y c&#7845;u tr&#250;c ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; to&#224;n b&#7897; cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta&#8212;b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7847;m non h&#7885;c thu&#7853;t v&#224; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c v&#244; th&#7901;i h&#7841;n d&#432;&#7899;i ng&#7885;n c&#7901; &#8220;h&#7885;c t&#7853;p su&#7889;t &#273;&#7901;i&#8221;. C&#225;c h&#236;nh th&#7913;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c c&#7911;a n&#243; &#273;&#227; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng th&#224;nh c&#244;ng sang c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng l&#297;nh v&#7921;c phi gi&#225;o d&#7909;c: c&#225;c &#8220;tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c&#8221; doanh nghi&#7879;p qu&#7843;n l&#253; vi&#7879;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o nh&#226;n vi&#234;n (v&#237; d&#7909;: General Motors, McDonald&#8217;s), c&#225;c l&#7899;p h&#7885;c ti&#7873;n s&#7843;n v&#224; nu&#244;i d&#7841;y con c&#225;i h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng gia &#273;&#236;nh, v&#224; c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh chuy&#7875;n h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#432; ph&#225;p s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c t&#7897;i ph&#7841;m phi b&#7841;o l&#7921;c.</p><p>Ph&#7847;n ti&#7871;p theo sau &#273;&#226;y tr&#236;nh b&#224;y 3 t&#225;c ph&#7849;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7871;t &#7903; 3 th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m v&#224; quan &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c nhau, c&#249;ng th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n v&#7873; gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;&#7841;i ch&#250;ng v&#224; c&#225;ch th&#7913;c s&#7921; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i gi&#225;o d&#7909;c n&#224;y &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh l&#7841;i th&#7871; gi&#7899;i hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta.</p><h3>1. Deschooling Society c&#7911;a Ivan Illich (1971)</h3><p>Ivan Illich &#273;&#432;a ra m&#7897;t b&#7843;n c&#225;o tr&#7841;ng tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875;, b&#224;i x&#237;ch tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i n&#7873;n gi&#225;o d&#7909;c c&#244;ng l&#7853;p hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i. &#212;ng l&#7853;p lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ph&#7893; qu&#225;t th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c v&#7873; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t l&#224; kh&#244;ng kh&#7843; thi, phi l&#253; v&#7873; m&#7863;t kinh t&#7871; v&#224; mang t&#237;nh h&#7911;y ho&#7841;i s&#226;u s&#7855;c &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i quy&#7873;n t&#7921; ch&#7911; c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p>Illich kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i "d&#7841;y d&#7895;" c&#244;ng ch&#250;ng nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n gi&#7919;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh v&#224; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t&#8212;nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y v&#7899;i h&#7885;c t&#7853;p, vi&#7879;c l&#234;n l&#7899;p v&#7899;i gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, t&#7845;m b&#7857;ng v&#7899;i n&#259;ng l&#7921;c, v&#224; vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; y t&#7871; v&#7899;i ch&#259;m s&#243;c s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e. B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch th&#7875; ch&#7871; h&#243;a v&#224; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;i c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#225; nh&#226;n v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n h&#243;a, nh&#224; tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#243;p ngh&#7865;t tr&#237; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n h&#236;nh th&#224;nh m&#7897;t qu&#7847;n ch&#250;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng, &#7927; l&#7841;i.</p><p>Illich &#7911;ng h&#7897; vi&#7879;c lo&#7841;i b&#7887; v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n s&#7921; &#273;&#7897;c quy&#7873;n c&#7911;a tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c. Thay cho tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c, &#244;ng &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t c&#225;c "m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i h&#7885;c t&#7853;p" (learning webs)&#8212;c&#225;c m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i k&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&#244;ng c&#7897;ng, phi t&#7853;p trung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; b&#7903;i c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, cho ph&#233;p nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c c&#243; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c t&#7921; th&#226;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7921; do ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n t&#224;i nguy&#234;n, chia s&#7867; k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#224; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n &#273;&#7891;ng trang l&#7913;a c&#243; c&#249;ng s&#7903; th&#237;ch tr&#237; tu&#7879;.</p><h3>2. The Schooled Society c&#7911;a Scott Davies v&#224; Neil Guppy (2006)</h3><p>Scott Davies v&#224; Neil Guppy cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c to&#224;n di&#7879;n v&#7873; s&#7921; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng th&#7901;i hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i c&#7911;a gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, tr&#236;nh b&#224;y chi ti&#7871;t c&#225;ch th&#7913;c gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ch&#237;nh quy &#273;&#227; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh trung t&#226;m tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i c&#7911;a &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y &#273;&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7841;i.</p><p>H&#7885; cho r&#7857;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c chu&#7849;n b&#7883; h&#224;nh trang cho th&#7871; h&#7879; t&#432;&#417;ng lai, ng&#224;y c&#224;ng chuy&#7875;n d&#7883;ch t&#7915; c&#225;c khu&#244;n kh&#7893; &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c t&#244;n gi&#225;o, truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng sang c&#225;c chu&#7849;n m&#7921;c th&#7871; t&#7909;c, h&#7907;p l&#253;-ph&#225;p l&#253; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#226;n quy&#7873;n, t&#432; duy ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n v&#224; ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a &#273;a v&#259;n h&#243;a&#8212;trong khi v&#7851;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c c&#7841;nh tranh v&#7899;i v&#259;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7891;ng trang l&#7913;a c&#7911;a gi&#7899;i tr&#7867;.</p><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#432; "c&#7895; m&#225;y tuy&#7875;n ch&#7885;n x&#227; h&#7897;i", ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i c&#225;c c&#225; nh&#226;n v&#224; trao "huy hi&#7879;u n&#259;ng l&#7921;c" (&#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; v&#224; ch&#7913;ng ch&#7881;) nh&#7857;m quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883; tr&#237; ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p v&#224; s&#7921; d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n x&#227; h&#7897;i. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; ch&#7913;ng minh r&#7857;ng qu&#225; tr&#236;nh tuy&#7875;n ch&#7885;n n&#224;y c&#7911;ng c&#7889; v&#224; t&#225;i s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t m&#7897;t c&#225;ch n&#7863;ng n&#7873; c&#225;c b&#7845;t b&#236;nh &#273;&#7859;ng s&#7861;n c&#243; (giai c&#7845;p, gi&#7899;i t&#237;nh v&#224; ch&#7911;ng t&#7897;c) thay v&#236; x&#243;a b&#7887; ch&#250;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n.</p><p>Davies v&#224; Guppy k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t ngh&#7883;ch l&#253; m&#7841;nh m&#7869;: tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c l&#224; nh&#7919;ng th&#224;nh c&#244;ng v&#7873; m&#7863;t th&#7875; ch&#7871; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; s&#225;nh k&#7883;p, tuy nhi&#234;n ch&#250;ng l&#7841;i ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i s&#7921; ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ch&#250;ng v&#224; s&#7921; "v&#7905; m&#7897;ng" ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng c&#243;. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y x&#7843;y ra do x&#227; h&#7897;i hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i coi gi&#225;o d&#7909;c nh&#432; m&#7897;t li&#7873;u thu&#7889;c ti&#234;n c&#7913;u r&#7895;i m&#7885;i t&#7879; n&#7841;n x&#227; h&#7897;i (t&#7915; ngh&#232;o &#273;&#243;i &#273;&#7871;n t&#7897;i ph&#7841;m), nh&#432;ng v&#7873; m&#7863;t c&#7845;u tr&#250;c, tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c b&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n trong kh&#7843; n&#259;ng b&#249; &#273;&#7855;p cho nh&#7919;ng b&#7845;t b&#236;nh &#273;&#7859;ng &#259;n s&#226;u b&#7855;t ngu&#7891;n ho&#224;n to&#224;n t&#7915; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i l&#7899;p h&#7885;c.</p><h3>3. The Schooled Society: The Educational Transformation of Global Culture c&#7911;a David P. Baker (2014)</h3><p>David P. Baker s&#7917; d&#7909;ng l&#259;ng k&#237;nh x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c t&#226;n th&#7875; ch&#7871; &#273;&#7875; l&#7853;p lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng s&#7921; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng quy m&#244; l&#7899;n, mang t&#237;nh to&#224;n c&#7847;u c&#7911;a gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;&#7841;i ch&#250;ng &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t "th&#7875; ch&#7871; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng". Thay v&#236; ch&#7881; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng l&#7841;i nh&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c hay ph&#7909;c v&#7909; n&#7873;n kinh t&#7871; t&#432; b&#7843;n, gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n h&#7879; th&#7889;ng logic, gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#224; h&#7879; t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7841;nh m&#7869; c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng m&#236;nh, ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;i c&#7845;u tr&#250;c v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh v&#259;n h&#243;a to&#224;n c&#7847;u hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i.</p><p>T&#225;c gi&#7843; n&#224;y cho r&#7857;ng m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng r&#7897;ng kh&#7855;p &#273;&#227; n&#226;ng t&#7847;m c&#225;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c tr&#7915;u t&#432;&#7907;ng, mang t&#237;nh t&#7893;ng qu&#225;t (gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, l&#7853;p lu&#7853;n v&#224; ph&#234; b&#236;nh) tr&#7903; th&#224;nh n&#259;ng l&#7921;c t&#7889;i cao c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i. Baker ch&#7881; ra Hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng Flynn&#8212;s&#7921; gia t&#259;ng kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; v&#7873; &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; IQ c&#7911;a d&#226;n s&#7889; qua c&#225;c th&#7871; h&#7879;&#8212;nh&#432; m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ph&#7909; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#7873; m&#7863;t nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c h&#242;a nh&#7853;p ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p>V&#236; x&#227; h&#7897;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7845;p &#273;&#7847;y b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#243; h&#7885;c th&#7913;c, c&#225;c th&#7875; ch&#7871; c&#7889;t l&#245;i kh&#225;c &#273;&#227; b&#7883; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i theo h&#236;nh &#7843;nh c&#7911;a gi&#225;o d&#7909;c: c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c tr&#7903; n&#234;n chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p h&#243;a xoay quanh c&#225;c n&#259;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#232;n luy&#7879;n &#7903; tr&#432;&#7901;ng; ch&#237;nh tr&#7883; ti&#7871;n h&#243;a t&#7915; c&#225;c ranh gi&#7899;i &#273;&#7843;ng ph&#225;i truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng sang ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng mang t&#237;nh c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a, t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7909; th&#7875; v&#224; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i n&#259;ng l&#7921;c cao; v&#224; t&#244;n gi&#225;o th&#237;ch &#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; duy tr&#236; s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng th&#237;ch v&#7899;i th&#7871; gi&#7899;i quan &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a v&#224; gi&#225;o d&#7909;c cao.</p><h3>N&#243;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n</h3><p><strong>Illich</strong> cho r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c, mang t&#237;nh &#233;p bu&#7897;c l&#224; s&#7921; t&#224;n ph&#225; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c th&#7921;c s&#7921; v&#224; t&#7921; do c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i. &#212;ng n&#243;i r&#7857;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c &#273;&#227; nh&#224;o n&#7863;n ch&#250;ng ta th&#224;nh c&#244;ng trong vi&#7879;c nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n gi&#7919;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh v&#224; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t.</p><p><strong>Davies</strong> v&#224; <strong>Guppy </strong>l&#7853;p lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng c&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia &#273;&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7841;i &#273;&#227; chuy&#7875;n m&#236;nh th&#224;nh m&#7897;t "x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng", ngh&#297;a l&#224; gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ch&#237;nh quy &#273;&#227; d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; v&#7883; tr&#237; b&#234;n l&#7873; v&#224;o trung t&#226;m tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i c&#7911;a &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n, n&#7873;n kinh t&#7871; v&#224; v&#259;n h&#243;a. Gi&#7901; &#273;&#226;y, n&#243; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; to&#224;n b&#7897; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i ch&#250;ng ta (t&#7915; tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7847;m non cho &#273;&#7871;n h&#7885;c t&#7853;p su&#7889;t &#273;&#7901;i).</p><p>Baker l&#7853;p lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng s&#7921; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng gi&#225;o d&#7909;c tr&#234;n to&#224;n c&#7847;u &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;n gi&#225;o d&#7909;c th&#224;nh m&#7897;t "th&#7875; ch&#7871; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng". N&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng l&#7841;i c&#225;c y&#234;u c&#7847;u c&#7911;a n&#7873;n kinh t&#7871; hay nh&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c; thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng logic v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ri&#234;ng c&#7911;a gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;ang t&#237;ch c&#7921;c &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh v&#224; t&#225;i c&#7845;u tr&#250;c n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&#243;a to&#224;n c&#7847;u hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i.</p><p><em>N&#7871;u c&#243; m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7889;i tho&#7841;i gi&#7919;a c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; th&#236; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; quan &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a h&#7885;:</em></p><p><strong>Illich</strong> cho r&#7857;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#417;n &#225;c m&#7897;ng c&#7911;a s&#7921; t&#7849;y n&#227;o mang v&#224; s&#7921; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t x&#227; h&#7897;i.</p><p><strong>Davies &amp; Guppy</strong> cho r&#7857;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng quan li&#234;u v&#244; c&#249;ng ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, mang l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u c&#417; h&#7897;i l&#7899;n nh&#432;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c g&#7863;p &#225;p l&#7921;c b&#7903;i &#8220;l&#7841;m ph&#225;t b&#7857;ng c&#7845;p&#8221; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng k&#7923; v&#7885;ng phi th&#7921;c t&#7871;.</p><p><strong>Baker</strong> cho r&#7857;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c c&#225;ch m&#7841;ng v&#259;n h&#243;a, n&#417;i c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n to&#224;n chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng, l&#224;m bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n t&#226;m l&#253; v&#224; c&#225;c th&#7875; ch&#7871; x&#227; h&#7897;i c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta.</p><p>Ba quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch, ba g&#243;c nh&#236;n v&#7873; vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a gi&#225;o d&#7909;c t&#7841;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c (schooling) v&#7899;i x&#227; h&#7897;i. C&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u th&#250; v&#7883;, m&#7895;i quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch n&#224;y ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh ri&#234;ng n&#417;i t&#225;c gi&#7843; quan s&#225;t v&#224; sinh tr&#432;&#7903;ng; k&#232;m theo nh&#7919;ng g&#243;c nh&#236;n v&#224; t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885;; c&#243; c&#225;i kh&#7855;c khe, c&#243; c&#225;i c&#226;n b&#7857;ng, c&#225;i l&#7841;i h&#224;o nho&#225;ng. </p><p>Trong thi&#7871;t ch&#7871; x&#227; h&#7897;i hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i, vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#224;n c&#227;i. &#7902; nh&#7919;ng qu&#7889;c gia c&#7847;n ngu&#7891;n nh&#226;n l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c nh&#432; Vi&#7879;t Nam, nh&#7919;ng g&#243;c nh&#236;n n&#224;y c&#224;ng c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; h&#417;n. Ch&#250;ng g&#7907;i &#253; cho ta nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch nh&#236;n r&#245; r&#224;ng, d&#249; &#273;&#244;i khi h&#417;i kh&#243; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n, v&#224;o th&#7921;c tr&#7841;ng c&#7911;a n&#7873;n gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7911;a n&#243; cho ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh c&#7911;a &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; ta th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; &#273;&#7875; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh n&#243;. </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[những nhà giáo đi học]]></title><description><![CDATA[H&#244;m qua m&#236;nh c&#243; m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i workshop nho nh&#7887;, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n nh&#7919;ng b&#7841;n &#273;ang t&#7853;p t&#224;nh vi&#7871;t b&#225;o c&#225;ch tri&#7875;n khai m&#7897;t &#8220;argument&#8221; cho b&#224;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/nhung-nha-giao-i-hoc</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/nhung-nha-giao-i-hoc</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 29 Aug 2026 14:16:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!InlB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2ceb09c-d3ff-4e74-ae5d-ebadcb23877e_947x947.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!InlB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2ceb09c-d3ff-4e74-ae5d-ebadcb23877e_947x947.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!InlB!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, 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/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!InlB!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2ceb09c-d3ff-4e74-ae5d-ebadcb23877e_947x947.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">M&#7897;t g&#243;c &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Yonsei, H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c - &#7843;nh ch&#7909;p th&#225;ng 5/2026</figcaption></figure></div><p>H&#244;m qua m&#236;nh c&#243; m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i workshop nho nh&#7887;, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n nh&#7919;ng b&#7841;n &#273;ang t&#7853;p t&#224;nh vi&#7871;t b&#225;o c&#225;ch tri&#7875;n khai m&#7897;t &#8220;argument&#8221; cho b&#224;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u. Tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c, th&#7847;y Canh h&#7895; tr&#7907; t&#7909;i m&#236;nh b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n v&#7873; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh h&#7885;c ti&#7871;n s&#297; c&#361;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng l&#432;u &#253; khi vi&#7871;t lu&#7853;n &#225;n. T&#7847;m m&#7897;t th&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c, B&#7843;o tr&#236;nh b&#224;y v&#7873; &#8220;&#8220;grounded theory&#8221; - v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng v&#237; d&#7909; t&#7915; lu&#7853;n &#225;n ti&#7871;n s&#297; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. G&#7847;n 2 th&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c l&#224; TESS 2026; v&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; n&#7919;a.</p><p>M&#7845;y n&#259;m g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y t&#7909;i m&#236;nh v&#7851;n t&#7893; ch&#7913;c nhi&#7873;u ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;y; l&#7899;n-nh&#7887;, online-offline, trang tr&#7885;ng - th&#226;n m&#7853;t &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; c&#7843;. B&#7887; qua nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ch&#7859;ng &#273;&#7863;ng &#273;&#7915;ng trong kh&#226;u t&#7893; ch&#7913;c, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#7893;i b&#7853;t nh&#7845;t m&#224; m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra trong su&#7889;t c&#225;c s&#7921; ki&#7879;n ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t tinh th&#7847;n h&#7885;c t&#7853;p r&#7845;t h&#7891;n h&#7853;u v&#224; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng. Nh&#236;n t&#7915; ph&#237;a b&#7909;c gi&#7843;ng (hay s&#226;n kh&#7845;u), kh&#244;ng kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng &#225;nh m&#7855;t b&#7915;ng s&#225;ng, hay nh&#7919;ng c&#250; g&#7853;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#225;n th&#432;&#7903;ng.</p><p>M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng tin l&#7855;m khi ai &#273;&#243; n&#243;i gi&#225;o vi&#234;n &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng th&#237;ch/mu&#7889;n h&#7885;c t&#7853;p ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n chuy&#234;n m&#244;n (l&#7855;m). Th&#7913; nh&#7845;t, &#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n l&#224; c&#226;u n&#243;i n&#224;y &#8220;v&#417; &#273;&#361;a c&#7843; n&#7855;m.&#8221; Th&#7913; hai, th&#7921;c t&#7871; l&#224; ch&#432;a c&#243; nhi&#7873;u c&#417; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c t&#7853;p th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n d&#224;nh ri&#234;ng cho nh&#224; gi&#225;o. Sau bu&#7893;i workshop h&#244;m qua, c&#243; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n n&#243;i v&#7899;i t&#7909;i m&#236;nh, &#8220;Em &#432;&#7899;c g&#236; tu&#7847;n n&#224;o c&#361;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng bu&#7893;i ki&#7875;u n&#224;y. Em kh&#244;ng ng&#7841;i d&#224;nh m&#7897;t v&#224;i bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7885;c.&#8221; Khi m&#7897;t nh&#224; gi&#225;o s&#7861;n s&#224;ng coi vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c l&#224; th&#7913; g&#236; &#273;&#243; c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh trong c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n thay v&#236; m&#7897;t th&#7901;i kh&#243;a bi&#7875;u chi ch&#237;t c&#417;m &#225;o g&#7841;o ti&#7873;n, v&#7899;i m&#236;nh &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t t&#237;n hi&#7879;u t&#237;ch c&#7921;c. </p><p>H&#244;m tr&#432;&#7899;c, c&#243; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n h&#7885;c tr&#242; k&#7875; v&#7899;i m&#236;nh m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n nho nh&#7887; b&#7841;n v&#7915;a m&#7899;i t&#7893; ch&#7913;c d&#224;nh cho nh&#7919;ng b&#7841;n sinh vi&#234;n th&#237;ch t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; ngh&#7873; gi&#225;o. M&#236;nh m&#7915;ng l&#7855;m. Mong mu&#7889;n c&#7911;a (t&#7909;i) m&#236;nh v&#7851;n l&#224; th&#7845;y nhi&#7873;u s&#7921; ki&#7879;n h&#417;n, &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#244;i khi nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7893; ch&#7913;c c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trao &#273;&#7893;i chuy&#234;n m&#244;n, l&#7855;ng nghe, v&#224; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p.</p><p>M&#236;nh ngh&#297; khi m&#7897;t nh&#224; gi&#225;o &#273;i h&#7885;c, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; h&#7885; mu&#7889;n d&#7841;y t&#7889;t hay mu&#7889;n xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n m&#7897;t b&#224;i b&#225;o x&#7883;n. B&#7843;n th&#226;n h&#7885; v&#7851;n lu&#244;n l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c; v&#224; ch&#237;nh c&#225;i kh&#244;ng gian &#7845;y cho h&#7885; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7845;y b&#7843;n th&#226;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7847;y.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[[PhD Journey] Keep yourself up with small achievements]]></title><description><![CDATA[I had a brief conversation with a mentee last evening about his PhD journey.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/phd-journey-keep-yourself-up-with</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/phd-journey-keep-yourself-up-with</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 04:52:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg" width="710" height="947" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8exN!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd53e0bb8-bb7b-4dab-969f-82f11891bcc8_710x947.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Book street in Ho Chi Minh City - taken in August, 2026</figcaption></figure></div><p>I had a brief conversation with a mentee last evening about his PhD journey. In fact, we have been talking continuously since he commenced his studies around half a year ago. Handling the multiple roles he has (both intentionally and unintentionally, but not against his will) taken on, he is doing great.</p><p>What is bothering him now is that besides the straight As he has got on course assignments, there have not been many significant &#8220;scholarly&#8221; achievements. This is not strange, and it is quite easy to find aspiring and ambitious PhD students who complain about not making achievements in their studies. In their words, achievements are publications. Period. Indexed ones are desired&#8212;of course.</p><p>Now, we should be explicit about the role of scholarly achievements in doctoral training. The process is long and tiring&#8212;normally four years, maybe five for many, and can extend to nine or ten years for those with considerable life struggles and/or changes in direction. Going silently, or resiliently as a fancier word, is hard. Smaller achievements, compared to the PhD title itself, are needed to keep these people going. Psychologically speaking, milestone achievements are needed to sustain motivation, especially motivation that must be maintained over an extended period.</p><p>What matters here is that we&#8212;yes, I intentionally say we as academics&#8212;typically equate achievement during PhD studies with publications. No, they are not. Having SSCI or Q1, Q2 papers is great&#8212;you cannot deny that. But forcing researchers-in-training to achieve something that even seasoned scholars struggle with does not make sense&#8212;and PhD students themselves should know this as well. There are exceptional students, of course, who publish abundantly. But they do not represent the majority of PhD students who are still learning the craft of research, let alone research publication.</p><p>So, the point is: it is important to have achievements, but it is even more important to know that your achievements need not necessarily be top-tier publications.</p><p>Please consider the following outlets as achievements as well. Count them in and be proud of them:</p><ul><li><p>Book reviews</p></li><li><p>Conference papers/presentations</p></li><li><p>Commentaries</p></li><li><p>Review articles</p></li></ul><p>There are many journals, not yet indexed, that publish serious peer-reviewed open-access research. Read, cite, and publish with them. </p><p>Also consider that public-facing contributions&#8212;such as workshops, newspaper articles, and talk shows&#8212;are part of your contribution to science. A researcher is definitely not someone who publishes a lot, though our culture makes you think so.</p><p>Track your work in stages, plan on presenting it in various forms, and make full use of collegial support and exchange.</p><p>One last thing: assess your own progression, plan what is a little bit&#8212;yes, just a little bit&#8212;beyond your reach, ask for support, and then go for it. Every small achievement is worth celebrating.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[2 quyển hộ chiếu]]></title><description><![CDATA[H&#244;m nay m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quy&#7875;n h&#7897; chi&#7871;u m&#7899;i; v&#7853;y l&#224; k&#7871;t th&#250;c h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh h&#417;n 9 n&#259;m c&#7911;a &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n m&#224;u xanh l&#225; c&#226;y.&#8221;]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/2-quyen-ho-chieu</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/2-quyen-ho-chieu</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 14:47:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg" width="947" height="947" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZUzY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb70a243b-88e1-4f80-b4e3-aa8947c29cc9_947x947.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#244;m nay m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quy&#7875;n h&#7897; chi&#7871;u m&#7899;i; v&#7853;y l&#224; k&#7871;t th&#250;c h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh h&#417;n 9 n&#259;m c&#7911;a &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n m&#224;u xanh l&#225; c&#226;y.&#8221;</p><p>Ng&#224;y x&#432;a m&#236;nh v&#7921;c d&#7853;y sau m&#7897;t tr&#7853;n b&#7841;o b&#7879;nh, v&#224; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh&#8230; ph&#7843;i &#273;i ch&#417;i tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ch&#7899;t. V&#7853;y l&#224; m&#236;nh l&#224;m h&#7897; chi&#7871;u v&#224; v&#225;c ba l&#244; &#273;i lang thang Bangkok; l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u n&#7871;m tr&#7843;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#7897;t m&#236;nh &#7903; n&#417;i xa l&#7841;. &#272;&#7871;n b&#226;y gi&#7901; m&#236;nh v&#7851;n c&#242;n nh&#7899; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c t&#7921; h&#224;o xen l&#7851;n h&#7891;i h&#7897;p v&#224; ho&#7843;ng s&#7907; khi g&#7885;i v&#7873; cho m&#7865; th&#250; th&#7853;t l&#224;: &#8220;Con &#273;i Th&#225;i Lan m&#7897;t m&#236;nh ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;&#7913;a b&#7841;n n&#224;o h&#7871;t.&#8221;</p><p>Sau n&#224;y, quy&#7875;n h&#7897; chi&#7871;u c&#361;ng d&#7847;n chi ch&#237;t nh&#7919;ng con d&#7845;u, nh&#7919;ng t&#7845;m visa d&#225;n d&#224;y l&#234;n. Nh&#7919;ng ch&#7863;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y c&#224;ng d&#224;i ra, v&#224; t&#7847;m m&#7855;t m&#236;nh c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7897;ng m&#7903;. M&#236;nh bi&#7871;t &#417;n t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n, t&#7915;ng cu&#7897;c h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh, t&#7915;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; g&#7863;p, v&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng nghe.</p><p>M&#236;nh (c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;m g&#7885;i l&#224;) &#273;i nhi&#7873;u; v&#224; m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ng&#7841;i &#273;i m&#7897;t n&#417;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n, mi&#7877;n l&#224; n&#243; &#273;&#225;ng. M&#236;nh hay &#273;&#249;a v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i quen l&#224;: &#8220;Thi&#234;n nhi&#234;n &#273;&#226;u c&#243; ch&#7901; m&#236;nh r&#7843;nh r&#7891;i m&#7899;i &#273;&#7865;p. Mu&#7889;n th&#236; &#273;i th&#244;i&#8221; - v&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;i. C&#243; nh&#7919;ng g&#243;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng, ng&#7885;n n&#250;i, hay con ph&#7889; &#7903; Seoul, New York, DC, Bangkok hay London m&#224; m&#236;nh c&#7913; quanh &#273;i qu&#7849;n l&#7841;i su&#7889;t nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m. L&#226;u d&#7847;n nh&#7919;ng chuy&#7871;n &#273;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; du l&#7883;ch, m&#224; nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng chuy&#7871;n lang thang; ng&#7855;m v&#224;i ng&#7885;n n&#250;i, xuy&#234;n v&#224;i c&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng, hay th&#417; th&#7849;n &#7903; v&#249;ng ngo&#7841;i &#244;, tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i v&#224;i ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n.</p><p>H&#244;m nay, c&#7847;m quy&#7875;n h&#7897; chi&#7871;u m&#7899;i tr&#234;n tay, m&#236;nh c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng ra s&#7869; &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i n&#224;o v&#7899;i n&#243;. V&#224; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t li&#7879;u 10 n&#259;m sau, n&#243; c&#243; ch&#7913;a nh&#7919;ng k&#7927; ni&#7879;m &#273;&#7865;p nh&#432; ng&#224;y h&#244;m nay m&#236;nh c&#243; v&#7899;i k&#7867; ti&#7873;n nhi&#7879;m m&#224;u xanh l&#225; c&#226;y c&#7911;a n&#243; kh&#244;ng.</p><p>M&#224; m&#7897;t k&#7867; lang thang th&#236; c&#7913; lang thang th&#244;i. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u, th&#236; &#273;i &#273;&#226;u c&#361;ng v&#7853;y.</p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Vì sao "học" thì nên "hỏi"?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#8220;H&#7885;c h&#7887;i&#8221; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t t&#7915; xa l&#7841;.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/vi-sao-hoc-thi-nen-hoi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/vi-sao-hoc-thi-nen-hoi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 26 Jul 2026 13:49:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JihO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb02f4830-75ce-49be-bfb7-1fc1158ef7a5_706x703.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8220;H&#7885;c h&#7887;i&#8221; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t t&#7915; xa l&#7841;. Nh&#432;ng t&#7841;i sao l&#7841;i l&#224; &#8220;h&#7885;c&#8221; + &#8220;h&#7887;i&#8221;? Hay n&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, t&#7841;i sao vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c, n&#7871;u mu&#7889;n hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, n&#234;n &#273;i k&#232;m v&#7899;i th&#7853;t nhi&#7873;u c&#226;u h&#7887;i?</em></p></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JihO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb02f4830-75ce-49be-bfb7-1fc1158ef7a5_706x703.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JihO!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb02f4830-75ce-49be-bfb7-1fc1158ef7a5_706x703.png 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb02f4830-75ce-49be-bfb7-1fc1158ef7a5_706x703.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JihO!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb02f4830-75ce-49be-bfb7-1fc1158ef7a5_706x703.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JihO!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb02f4830-75ce-49be-bfb7-1fc1158ef7a5_706x703.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JihO!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb02f4830-75ce-49be-bfb7-1fc1158ef7a5_706x703.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Th&#432; vi&#7879;n Th&#224;nh ph&#7889; Birmingham; &#7843;nh ch&#7909;p n&#259;m 2023</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n ph&#7843;i n&#243;i r&#245;, &#8220;h&#7887;i&#8221; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; <em>ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c ph&#7843;i h&#7887;i</em>, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7841;y. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y m&#236;nh chia s&#7867; g&#243;c nh&#236;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n: (1) kinh nghi&#7879;m c&#225; nh&#226;n v&#7899;i t&#432; c&#225;ch l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7841;y; v&#224; (2) m&#7897;t s&#7889; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c khoa h&#7885;c. </p><p>Theo Susan Fiske v&#224; Shelley Taylor, v&#224; sau n&#224;y l&#224; nhi&#7873;u nh&#224; t&#226;m l&#253; - th&#7847;n kinh h&#7885;c kh&#225;c, con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; &#8220;nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; h&#224; ti&#7879;n nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c&#8221; (<em>cognitive misers</em>). Hay n&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, b&#7897; n&#227;o con ng&#432;&#7901;i lu&#244;n t&#236;m c&#225;ch ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng, gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; theo c&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#224; d&#249;ng &#237;t s&#7913;c l&#7921;c nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875;. C&#7909; th&#7875;, b&#7897; n&#227;o bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n ba xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ch&#237;nh trong t&#432; duy:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng: </strong>N&#227;o d&#249;ng nhi&#7873;u calo, n&#234;n n&#243; gh&#233;t ph&#7843;i suy ngh&#297; s&#226;u hay t&#237;nh to&#225;n l&#226;u.</p></li><li><p><strong>D&#249;ng l&#7889;i t&#7855;t (Heuristics):</strong> N&#227;o th&#237;ch d&#7921;a v&#224;o kinh nghi&#7879;m c&#361; ho&#7863;c ph&#7887;ng &#273;o&#225;n nhanh thay v&#236; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch k&#7929;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#8220;&#273;&#7911; d&#249;ng&#8221;: </strong>Thay v&#236; t&#236;m c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ho&#224;n h&#7843;o, n&#227;o ch&#7885;n ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n n&#224;o v&#7915;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; qua chuy&#7879;n.</p></li></ul><p>Trong khoa h&#7885;c s&#432; ph&#7841;m, nhi&#7873;u nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t nh&#432; <em>Hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng Dunning-Kruger</em> (Ng&#7897; nh&#7853;n n&#259;ng l&#7921;c do thi&#7871;u k&#7929; n&#259;ng Metacognition) (Kruger &amp; Dunning, 1999), <em>S&#7921; &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7873; s&#7921; th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u</em> (Illusion of Explanatory Depth - IOED) (Rozenblit &amp; Keil, 2002), v&#224; <em>S&#7921; l&#432;u kho&#225;t nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c &amp; C&#7843;m gi&#225;c d&#7877; d&#224;ng gi&#7843; t&#7841;o</em> (Processing Fluency &amp; Illusion of Knowing) (Bjork et al., 2013) g&#243;p ph&#7847;n gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch cho hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng &#8220;h&#7885;c m&#224; kh&#244;ng h&#7887;i&#8221;. N&#243;i n&#244;m na, khi g&#7863;p m&#7897;t ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c m&#7899;i (v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#243; hi&#7875;u), con ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7869; c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ph&#7887;ng &#273;o&#225;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t c&#243; s&#7861;n (kh&#244;ng quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#250;ng sai) v&#224; c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c l&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; hi&#7875;u. Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh <em>l&#432;&#7901;i t&#432; duy + ph&#7887;ng &#273;o&#225;n + ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n + hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m</em> n&#224;y x&#7843;y ra kh&#225; nhanh v&#224; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng, khi&#7871;n h&#7847;u h&#7871;t ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng nh&#7853;n ra, v&#224; cho r&#7857;ng b&#7843;n th&#226;n &#273;&#227; hi&#7875;u v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;. L&#226;u d&#7847;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7921; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t b&#7897; l&#7885;c m&#7899;i, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng tri th&#7913;c hay &#253; ki&#7871;n kh&#225;c v&#7899;i n&#243;. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh n&#224;y lo&#7841;i b&#7887; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng &#8220;h&#7887;i&#8221; ra kh&#7887;i &#8220;h&#7885;c.&#8221;</p><p>Vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i, theo nhi&#7873;u nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u (v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; King, 1992; Bloom et al., 1956; Craik &amp; Lockhart, 1972; Chi &amp; Wylie, 2014), &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho r&#7857;ng &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; nh&#432; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c b&#7853;c cao, bu&#7897;c n&#227;o b&#7897; ph&#7843;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c c&#361; v&#7899;i th&#244;ng tin m&#7899;i; v&#224; &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#224;nh vi k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c b&#7853;c cao. Theo g&#243;c nh&#236;n tri nh&#7853;n nh&#432; tr&#236;nh b&#224;y &#7903; &#273;o&#7841;n tr&#432;&#7899;c, &#8220;h&#7887;i&#8221; ch&#237;nh l&#224; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;i ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i b&#7843;n n&#259;ng &#8220;ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng,&#8221; ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i vi&#7879;c t&#7921; t&#7841;o &#8220;&#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t&#8221; c&#7911;a n&#227;o con ng&#432;&#7901;i, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; t&#7841;o c&#417; h&#7897;i cho ch&#250;ng ta t&#7921; suy x&#233;t l&#7841;i hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n v&#224; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m.</p><p>Trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh d&#7841;y h&#7885;c, m&#236;nh r&#7845;t h&#7913;ng th&#250; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng h&#7885;c vi&#234;n hay &#273;&#7863;t nh&#7919;ng &#8220;c&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#7889;t.&#8221; C&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#7889;t th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a t&#432; duy s&#226;u, suy x&#233;t kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#224; c&#242;n ch&#237;nh tri th&#7913;c &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7841;y. King (1994) cho r&#7857;ng h&#7887;i t&#7889;t kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i s&#7921; t&#225;i hi&#7879;n tri th&#7913;c (recall), m&#224; bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c ph&#7843;i thao t&#225;c tr&#234;n tri th&#7913;c &#273;&#243;: ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, so s&#225;nh, gi&#7843; &#273;&#7883;nh (&#8221;<em>&#272;i&#7873;u g&#236; s&#7869; x&#7843;y ra n&#7871;u...?</em>&#8221;), ho&#7863;c li&#234;n k&#7871;t kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m m&#7899;i v&#7899;i c&#7845;u tr&#250;c nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c c&#361;. M&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; s&#7921; nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7901; trong hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n (metacognition) (Miyake &amp; Norman, 1979). N&#243; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c thu h&#7865;p kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng g&#236; h&#7885; &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;t v&#224; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; h&#7885; ch&#432;a hi&#7875;u r&#245;, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u nguy c&#417; &#8220;ng&#7897; nh&#7853;n l&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; hi&#7875;u&#8221; (illusion of knowing). </p><p>&#272;&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#7889;t, Chi v&#224; c&#225;c c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (1994) cho r&#7857;ng t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t &#8220;<em>T&#7841;i sao</em>&#8221; ho&#7863;c &#8220;<em>Nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o</em>&#8221; (Deep-level / Inquiry questions) n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;u ti&#234;n. Lo&#7841;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y &#233;p bu&#7897;c n&#227;o b&#7897; ph&#7843;i th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n qu&#225; tr&#236;nh <em>t&#7921; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch</em> (self-explanation), v&#7889;n m&#7897;t c&#417; ch&#7871; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7921;c k&#7923; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n l&#7895;i sai trong <em>m&#244; h&#236;nh t&#432; duy</em> (mental model).</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, &#8220;h&#7887;i&#8221; khi &#8220;h&#7885;c&#8221; l&#224; bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7899;i tri th&#7913;c &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7885;c, v&#224; t&#7915; &#273;&#243; g&#243;p ph&#7847;n n&#7897;i t&#7841;i h&#243;a tri th&#7913;c, gi&#250;p n&#243; &#8220;th&#237;ch nghi&#8221; v&#7899;i tri th&#7913;c n&#7873;n c&#243; s&#7861;n, c&#361;ng nh&#432; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c n&#226;ng cao n&#259;ng l&#7921;c t&#432; duy.</p><p></p><blockquote><p><strong>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o:</strong></p><p>Bjork, R. A., Dunlosky, J., &amp; Kornell, N. (2013). Self-regulated learning: Beliefs, techniques, and illusions. <em>Annual Review of Psychology</em>, <em>64</em>(1), 417&#8211;444. <a href="/__u/www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143823">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143823</a></p><p>Chi, M. T. H., de Leeuw, N., Chiu, M. H., &amp; LaVancher, C. (1994). Eliciting self-explanations improves understanding. <em>Cognitive Science</em>, <em>18</em>(3), 439&#8211;477. <a href="/__u/www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1803_3">https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1803_3</a></p><p>Fiske, S. T., &amp; Taylor, S. E. (1984). <em>Social cognition</em>. Addison-Wesley.</p><p>Fiske, S. T. (1992). Thinking is for doing: Portraits of social cognition from the 1970s to the 1990s. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</em>, <em>63</em>(6), 877&#8211;889. <a href="/__u/www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.877">https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.877</a> </p><p>King, A. (1994). Guiding knowledge construction in the classroom: Effects of teaching children how to question and how to explain. <em>American Educational Research Journal</em>, <em>31</em>(2), 338&#8211;368. <a href="/__u/www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312031002338">https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312031002338</a></p><p>Kruger, J., &amp; Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</em>, <em>77</em>(6), 1121&#8211;1134. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121">https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121</a></p><p>Miyake, N., &amp; Norman, D. A. (1979). To ask a question, one must know enough to know what is not known. <em>Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior</em>, <em>18</em>(3), 357&#8211;364. <a href="/__u/www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(79)90200-7">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(79)90200-7</a></p><p>Rozenblit, L., &amp; Keil, F. (2002). The misunderstood limits of folk science: An illusion of explanatory depth. <em>Cognitive Science</em>, <em>26</em>(5), 521&#8211;562. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2605_1">https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2605_1</a></p></blockquote>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[hay chỉ nằm yên và ... nghĩ?!]]></title><description><![CDATA[S&#225;ng nay m&#236;nh th&#7913;c d&#7853;y, d&#7909;i m&#7855;t v&#224; nh&#236;n v&#224;o to-do list h&#244;m nay: s&#7917;a m&#7897;t b&#224;i b&#225;o khoa h&#7885;c, d&#7921; ba cu&#7897;c h&#7885;p h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n h&#7885;c vi&#234;n l&#224;m b&#224;i, v&#224; so&#7841;n b&#224;i cho h&#7885;c k&#236; s&#7855;p t&#7899;i.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/hay-chi-nam-yen-va-nghi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/hay-chi-nam-yen-va-nghi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 11:34:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png" width="523" height="654" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SA8V!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e57b591-4690-4cfd-9f45-d0ef844c074e_523x654.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>S&#225;ng nay m&#236;nh th&#7913;c d&#7853;y, d&#7909;i m&#7855;t v&#224; nh&#236;n v&#224;o to-do list h&#244;m nay: s&#7917;a m&#7897;t b&#224;i b&#225;o khoa h&#7885;c, d&#7921; ba cu&#7897;c h&#7885;p h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n h&#7885;c vi&#234;n l&#224;m b&#224;i, v&#224; so&#7841;n b&#224;i cho h&#7885;c k&#236; s&#7855;p t&#7899;i. </p><p>R&#7891;i m&#236;nh nh&#236;n ra c&#7843; tu&#7847;n; v&#7851;n l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i b&#225;o khoa h&#7885;c dang d&#7903;, &#273;&#7889;ng data c&#7847;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, v&#224;i cu&#7897;c h&#7885;p, v&#224; d&#259;m ba gi&#225;o &#225;n ph&#7843;i so&#7841;n.</p><p>N&#7871;u nh&#236;n c&#7843; th&#225;ng, danh s&#225;ch n&#224;y s&#7869; th&#234;m v&#224;i bu&#7893;i d&#7841;y, m&#7897;t h&#7897;i &#273;&#7891;ng ch&#7845;m lu&#7853;n v&#259;n th&#7841;c s&#297;, v&#224; &#237;t bu&#7893;i cafe. </p><p>C&#242;n t&#7899;i cu&#7889;i n&#259;m? Ch&#7855;c s&#7869; th&#234;m v&#224;i c&#225;i h&#7897;i th&#7843;o, v&#224; d&#259;m chuy&#7871;n &#273;i c&#244;ng t&#225;c.</p><p>M&#236;nh b&#7847;n th&#7847;n m&#7897;t l&#250;c, r&#7891;i t&#7921; ngh&#297;, &#8220;<em>M&#236;nh s&#7869; l&#224;m nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y cho &#273;&#7871;n bao gi&#7901;?</em>&#8221; Ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u v&#7873; h&#432;u, ba m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; ng&#7891;i tr&#432;&#7899;c hi&#234;n nh&#224; v&#224; th&#7889;t l&#234;n c&#226;u t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, &#8220;<em>Kh&#244;ng l&#7869; nh&#432; v&#7847;y ho&#224;i cho t&#7899;i ng&#224;y ch&#7871;t?!</em>&#8221;</p><p>L&#250;c b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ra kh&#7887;i gi&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; d&#7885;n d&#7865;p m&#249;ng m&#7873;n, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#7921; tr&#7845;n an, &#8220;<em>&#7914; th&#236; m&#236;nh l&#224; nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u m&#224;; ph&#7843;i vi&#7871;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#224; d&#7841;y h&#7885;c ch&#7913;.</em>&#8221;</p><p>Th&#7921;c ra, do m&#236;nh l&#224;m m&#7845;y th&#7913; n&#224;y n&#234;n m&#7899;i ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7883;nh danh l&#224; m&#7897;t nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u - ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i. </p><p>T&#7915; ng&#224;y b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u sang Anh du h&#7885;c, cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i m&#236;nh sang m&#7897;t trang th&#7853;t kh&#225;c. M&#236;nh chuy&#234;n t&#226;m &#273;&#7885;c, vi&#7871;t, d&#7841;y v&#224; l&#224;m nh&#7919;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng li&#234;n quan nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u. M&#236;nh d&#7847;n quen v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng cu&#7889;c b&#7897; ch&#7915;ng 30 ph&#250;t ra m&#7897;t qu&#225;n c&#224; ph&#234; quen, ng&#7891;i &#7903; &#273;&#7845;y &#273;&#7871;n tr&#432;a; r&#7891;i h&#7885;p, d&#7841;y, v&#224; l&#7841;i vi&#7871;t cho &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7901; &#273;i ng&#7911;. M&#236;nh quen &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i &#273;&#227; r&#7845;t ho&#7843;ng khi nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n sau ti&#7871;n s&#297;, khi bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh s&#7869; b&#7883; n&#233;m v&#224;o gu&#7891;ng quay c&#7911;a th&#7901;i kh&#243;a bi&#7875;u, c&#7911;a h&#7885;p h&#7897;i, gi&#7845;y t&#7901; v&#224; ti t&#7881; th&#7913; kh&#225;c. </p><p>Th&#7921;c ra m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#237;ch &#273;&#7885;c, nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, hay vi&#7871;t l&#225;ch. M&#236;nh ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#237;ch ngh&#297;. Ng&#224;y x&#432;a &#7903; nh&#224; c&#243; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c v&#245;ng, k&#234; ngo&#224;i hi&#234;n. M&#236;nh hay n&#7857;m tr&#234;n &#273;&#243; h&#224;ng gi&#7901; li&#7873;n, ng&#7855;m tr&#7901;i, t&#7855;m gi&#243; v&#224; &#8230; ngh&#297;. M&#236;nh v&#7851;n hay &#273;&#249;a kh&#7843; n&#259;ng suy ngh&#297; ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#7901;i nguy&#7873;n l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t - v&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i s&#7889;ng bao nhi&#234;u ki&#7871;p m&#236;nh m&#7899;i l&#224;m h&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngh&#297; ra. M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#7887;i &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i, th&#7871; n&#234;n nh&#7919;ng suy ngh&#297; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; t&#236;m c&#225;i g&#236; &#273;&#243; hay ho, th&#250; v&#7883;; ho&#7863;c l&#224; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch m&#7897;t c&#225;i g&#236; &#273;&#243;. </p><p>C&#244;ng vi&#7879;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho m&#236;nh m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian &#273;&#7875; ngh&#297;. Tuy v&#7853;y, nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; &#273;i t&#236;m c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i cho m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i; t&#7913;c l&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n ph&#7843;i ngh&#297; ra c&#226;u h&#7887;i. Suy ngh&#297; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#7841;i thi&#234;n v&#7873; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n, s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, truy&#7873;n &#273;i th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p, hay gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch m&#7897;t c&#225;i g&#236; &#273;&#243;. V&#7853;y n&#234;n m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng vi&#7871;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7875; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n, v&#224; coi n&#243; nh&#432; c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i ta s&#225;ng t&#225;c v&#259;n h&#7885;c. </p><p>M&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n v&#7851;n t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng h&#7885;c thu&#7853;t, nghi&#234;m t&#250;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#7881;nh t&#225;o v&#7899;i c&#225;c ph&#233;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch - nh&#432;ng v&#7899;i m&#236;nh nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u khoa h&#7885;c l&#224; m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c ch&#417;i, m&#7897;t s&#7921; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#7875; n&#243;i ra nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh ngh&#297;. </p><p>S&#225;ng nay khi b&#7883; &#273;&#7863;t d&#432;&#7899;i m&#7897;t l&#7883;ch tr&#236;nh d&#224;y &#273;&#7863;t nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; ph&#7843;i l&#224;m &#273;&#7875; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh KPI, t&#7921; nhi&#234;n m&#236;nh th&#7845;y &#273;u&#7889;i (d&#249; h&#244;m qua &#273;&#227; &#273;i ng&#7911; s&#7899;m.) M&#236;nh hay n&#243;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c b&#7841;n h&#7885;c tr&#242;, &#8220;<em>M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#243; nhu c&#7847;u l&#432;u danh s&#7917; s&#225;ch; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng tr&#244;ng mong hai ba ch&#7909;c n&#259;m n&#7919;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ta v&#7851;n c&#242;n &#273;&#7885;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. M&#7845;y ai l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7853;y.&#8221;</em>  Tuy v&#7853;y, m&#236;nh v&#7851;n l&#224; m&#7897;t con ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7887; b&#233; b&#7883; cu&#7889;n theo nh&#7919;ng tr&#224;o l&#432;u h&#7885;c thu&#7853;t, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;&#7871;m b&#224;i c&#244;ng b&#7889;, x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng c&#225;c t&#7841;p ch&#237;, &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n, v&#224; thi &#273;ua xem ai l&#224;m gi&#225;o s&#432; tr&#432;&#7899;c. &#272;&#244;i khi m&#236;nh ng&#7891;i &#273;&#243; v&#224; t&#7921; h&#7887;i b&#7843;n th&#226;n, &#8220;<em>C&#242;n c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;o m&#224;y mu&#7889;n k&#7875;?</em>&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;<em>M&#224;y c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7921; do k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n kh&#244;ng?</em>&#8221;</p><p>R&#7891;i m&#236;nh ngh&#297;, &#8220;<em>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#361;ng s&#7869; ch&#7859;ng ai c&#242;n nh&#7899; &#273;&#7871;n, v&#7853;y gi&#7901; ch&#7881; n&#7857;m v&#224; ngh&#297; th&#244;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng?</em>&#8221;</p><p></p><p><br><br></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA["Chỉ là không hợp"]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ch&#7881; trong tu&#7847;n v&#7915;a qua, t&#236;nh c&#7901; c&#243; t&#7853;n ba ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n t&#226;m s&#7921; v&#7899;i m&#236;nh v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng th&#7845;t b&#7841;i l&#7899;n trong s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/chi-la-khong-hop</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/chi-la-khong-hop</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 05:38:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JHfw!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6b4fc9-9a01-4ceb-8142-4309549089fe_2992x2992.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ch&#7881; trong tu&#7847;n v&#7915;a qua, t&#236;nh c&#7901; c&#243; t&#7853;n ba ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n t&#226;m s&#7921; v&#7899;i m&#236;nh v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng th&#7845;t b&#7841;i l&#7899;n trong s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p. M&#7897;t b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng xin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c mong &#432;&#7899;c, m&#7897;t b&#7841;n tr&#432;&#7907;t k&#236; thi quan tr&#7885;ng v&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n b&#7883; t&#7915; ch&#7889;i h&#7885;c b&#7893;ng.</p><p>&#272;i&#7875;m chung c&#7911;a c&#7843; ba l&#224; s&#7921; ch&#259;m ch&#7881;, &#273;&#7847;u t&#432;, n&#259;ng l&#7921;c t&#7889;t v&#224; s&#7921; mong &#273;&#7907;i l&#7899;n lao. B&#7841;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n h&#7885;c c&#7921;c gi&#7887;i, l&#224; th&#7911; khoa nhi&#7873;u k&#236; thi v&#224; c&#243; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c chuy&#234;n m&#244;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7847;u h&#7871;t m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; cao. B&#7841;n th&#7913; hai l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;n c&#249;, ch&#7883;u kh&#243;, &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i v&#224; c&#7921;c k&#236; nghi&#234;m t&#250;c cho vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c. B&#7841;n cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t KOL trong m&#7843;ng gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#225;c s&#7921; ki&#7879;n h&#7885;c thu&#7853;t v&#224; lu&#244;n nung n&#7845;u &#432;&#7899;c m&#417; h&#7885;c l&#234;n cao.</p><p>V&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m chung c&#7911;a c&#7843; ba t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng l&#224; s&#7921; t&#7915; ch&#7889;i, ni&#7873;m th&#7845;t v&#7885;ng v&#224; n&#7895;i bu&#7891;n.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n ph&#7843;i n&#243;i r&#245;: Ai b&#7883; t&#7915; ch&#7889;i c&#361;ng s&#7869; r&#7845;t th&#7845;t v&#7885;ng, sau &#273;&#243; l&#224; t&#7921; tr&#225;ch b&#7843;n th&#226;n ho&#7863;c tr&#225;ch &#273;&#7889;i ph&#432;&#417;ng. V&#7873; m&#7863;t khoa h&#7885;c, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#236; n&#243; &#273;i ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i ti&#7871;n h&#243;a c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i. Ch&#250;ng ta l&#224; lo&#224;i sinh v&#7853;t x&#227; h&#7897;i, do &#273;&#243; s&#7921; t&#7915; ch&#7889;i (d&#249; &#7903; h&#236;nh th&#7913;c n&#224;o) &#273;&#7873;u b&#7883; n&#227;o b&#7897; v&#244; th&#7913;c li&#234;n k&#7871;t v&#7899;i m&#7889;i &#273;e d&#7885;a sinh t&#7891;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#7843;m x&#250;c b&#7843;n n&#259;ng, c&#7921;c k&#236; kh&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t. Vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i cho m&#7897;t ai &#273;&#243;, d&#249; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c hay ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh, th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; nh&#432; m&#7897;t li&#7873;u &#8220;thu&#7889;c gi&#7843;m &#273;au&#8221;, gi&#250;p ta t&#7841;m tr&#7889;n tr&#225;nh s&#7921; th&#7845;t v&#7885;ng.</p><p>Tuy v&#7853;y, n&#7871;u &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c n&#224;y k&#233;o d&#224;i v&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7855;m ch&#236;m v&#224;o vi&#7879;c ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch ho&#7863;c t&#7921; n&#7841;n nh&#226;n h&#243;a, ta s&#7869; t&#7921; l&#224;m kh&#243; m&#236;nh h&#417;n m&#7913;c c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, khi c&#7843;m gi&#225;c th&#7845;t v&#7885;ng t&#7841;m l&#7855;ng xu&#7889;ng, vi&#7879;c nghi&#234;m t&#250;c nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch l&#253; tr&#237; l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#234;n l&#224;m.</p><p>Khi tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i ba b&#7841;n, m&#236;nh &#273;&#7873;u d&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#7897;t nguy&#234;n l&#253; duy nh&#7845;t: <em>&#8220;N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#243;, t&#7913;c l&#224; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng (ho&#7863;c ch&#432;a) h&#7907;p v&#7899;i n&#243;.&#8221;</em></p><p>T&#7915; &#8220;h&#7907;p&#8221; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u theo ngh&#297;a r&#7845;t r&#7897;ng: t&#7915; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c, s&#7903; th&#237;ch, t&#237;nh c&#225;ch, th&#243;i quen, cho &#273;&#7871;n t&#7847;m nh&#236;n, t&#432; duy, v.v. C&#7843; &#273;&#7901;i ch&#250;ng ta lu&#244;n b&#7883; cu&#7889;n h&#250;t b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng m&#243;n &#259;n h&#7907;p mi&#7879;ng, b&#7897; qu&#7847;n &#225;o h&#7907;p d&#225;ng, c&#259;n nh&#224; h&#7907;p gu &#8211; nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i qu&#234;n m&#7845;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; n&#224;y khi ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c (hay th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i). Khi mua s&#7855;m, ta t&#7921; h&#7887;i r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u xem m&#236;nh s&#7869; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n n&#243; th&#7871; n&#224;o, ph&#249; h&#7907;p ra sao. Nh&#432;ng khi &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c v&#224; vi&#7879;c l&#224;m, ta l&#7841;i r&#7845;t hay l&#7845;y l&#432;&#417;ng cao, c&#417; s&#7903; n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng, danh ph&#7853;n hay b&#7857;ng c&#7845;p l&#224;m th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o duy nh&#7845;t.</p><p>Th&#7921;c ra, n&#227;o b&#7897; r&#7845;t gi&#7887;i trong vi&#7879;c ng&#7909;y t&#7841;o &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7875; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c b&#7843;n th&#226;n r&#7857;ng ta &#8220;h&#7907;p&#8221; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t th&#7913;:</p><ul><li><p><em>&#8220;Ch&#7895; &#273;&#243; c&#243; c&#225;i A, B, C &#8211; v&#7889;n l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u t&#244;i mu&#7889;n, n&#234;n t&#244;i h&#7907;p v&#7899;i n&#243;.&#8221;</em></p></li><li><p><em>&#8220;Ng&#432;&#7901;i A, B, C &#273;&#227; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng &#7903; &#273;&#243;. T&#244;i mu&#7889;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh h&#7885;, n&#234;n t&#244;i h&#7907;p v&#7899;i ch&#7895; &#273;&#243;.&#8221;</em></p></li><li><p><em>&#8220;N&#7871;u t&#244;i v&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7895; &#273;&#243;, t&#244;i s&#7869; l&#224;m A, B, C v&#224; s&#7869; tr&#7903; n&#234;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p.&#8221;</em></p></li><li><p><em>&#8220;N&#7871;u t&#244;i &#273;&#7911; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng, t&#244;i s&#7869; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i ch&#7895; &#273;&#243;.&#8221;</em></p></li></ul><p>T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng suy ngh&#297; n&#224;y &#273;&#7873;u b&#7887; l&#7905; v&#224;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7889;t l&#245;i:</p><ul><li><p>B&#7841;n l&#224; ai?</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n g&#236;? B&#7841;n th&#237;ch g&#236;?</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n &#273;ang c&#243; nh&#7919;ng n&#259;ng l&#7921;c n&#224;o?</p></li><li><p>Nh&#7919;ng g&#236; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i? K&#7871; ho&#7841;ch c&#7909; th&#7875; ra sao?</p></li><li><p>Nh&#7919;ng g&#236; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i?</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n v&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#243; kh&#7899;p nhau &#7903; bao nhi&#234;u ti&#234;u ch&#237;? C&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; g&#236;?</p></li></ul><p>Vi&#7879;c ch&#7919;ng l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; suy ng&#7851;m kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; t&#7921; an &#7911;i b&#7843;n th&#226;n, c&#224;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; vi&#7879;n c&#7899; &#8220;kh&#244;ng h&#7907;p&#8221; &#273;&#7875; tho&#225;i th&#225;c s&#7921; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng. M&#236;nh ngh&#297; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c qu&#225;n chi&#7871;u c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u r&#245; ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; bi&#7871;t b&#7843;n th&#226;n c&#7847;n l&#224;m g&#236; ti&#7871;p theo &#273;&#7875; b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7855;m ch&#236;m trong n&#7895;i bu&#7891;n v&#224; &#273;&#243;ng vai n&#7841;n nh&#226;n &#273;&#244;i khi t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t c&#7843;m gi&#225;c d&#7877; ch&#7883;u gi&#7843; t&#7841;o khi&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#8220;nghi&#7879;n&#8221;. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta th&#237;ch cu&#7897;n m&#236;nh trong &#273;&#243; v&#236; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y an to&#224;n, c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; sai, kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; ph&#7843;i thay &#273;&#7893;i. Khoa h&#7885;c g&#7885;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; c&#225;i b&#7851;y c&#7911;a &#8220;v&#249;ng an to&#224;n&#8221; (comfort zone).</p><p>Thi&#7873;n s&#432; Th&#237;ch Nh&#7845;t H&#7841;nh t&#7915;ng n&#243;i, khi m&#7897;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c bu&#7891;n &#273;au xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n, ta kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ch&#7889;i b&#7887; hay &#273;&#7849;y n&#243; &#273;i. &#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; h&#227;y &#244;m &#7845;p v&#224; tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i n&#243;. Nh&#7853;n ra v&#236; sao n&#243; &#273;&#7871;n, v&#236; sao n&#243; mu&#7889;n &#7903; l&#7841;i, v&#224; khi n&#224;o n&#243; n&#234;n &#273;i.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n nh&#7855;n nh&#7911; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224;: &#272;&#7915;ng tr&#7889;n tr&#225;nh, c&#361;ng &#273;&#7915;ng t&#7921; n&#7841;n nh&#226;n h&#243;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh. Vi&#7879;c ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n s&#7921; t&#7915; ch&#7889;i &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7921; &#8220;kh&#244;ng h&#7907;p&#8221; s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nh&#236;n r&#245; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh &#273;ang c&#243;, &#273;ang c&#7847;n v&#224; th&#7921;c s&#7921; mong mu&#7889;n.</p><p>T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, ta ch&#7881; vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y, tu s&#7917;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n, v&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; d&#224;nh cho m&#236;nh.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ai tốt hơn ai]]></title><description><![CDATA[D&#7841;o n&#224;y m&#236;nh hay ngh&#297; c&#243; ph&#7843;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i, trong m&#7897;t ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh c&#7909; th&#7875; n&#224;o &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#7873;u b&#7883; chi ph&#7889;i b&#7903;i r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; m&#224; hi&#7871;m khi t&#7921; h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u hay ki&#7875;m so&#225;t h&#7871;t.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/ai-tot-hon-ai</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/ai-tot-hon-ai</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 06 Jun 2026 12:22:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w1cS!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93a03fb3-359d-4084-ab44-1809e746fc25_4608x2592.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#7841;o n&#224;y m&#236;nh hay ngh&#297; c&#243; ph&#7843;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i, trong m&#7897;t ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh c&#7909; th&#7875; n&#224;o &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#7873;u b&#7883; chi ph&#7889;i b&#7903;i r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; m&#224; hi&#7871;m khi t&#7921; h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u hay ki&#7875;m so&#225;t h&#7871;t. Nh&#432; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n h&#7885;c sinh thay n&#7857;m l&#432;&#7899;t &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i thay v&#236; l&#224;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p v&#7873; nh&#224; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; l&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;ng. H&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7893;ng h&#242;a c&#7911;a th&#243;i quen, thi&#7871;u &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c, nhu c&#7847;u k&#7871;t n&#7889;i qua &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i, n&#7897;i dung video thu h&#250;t, b&#224;i t&#7853;p kh&#243;, thi&#7871;u s&#7921; nh&#7855;c nh&#7903; c&#7911;a ph&#7909; huyn - trong h&#7857;ng h&#224; sa s&#7889; y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c. N&#243;i r&#7897;ng ra, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i lu&#244;n b&#7883; chi ph&#7889;i b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng g&#236; x&#7843;y ra trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;, g&#243;c nh&#236;n, mong mu&#7889;n hi&#7879;n th&#7901;i, th&#243;i quen t&#226;m l&#253;, ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh x&#227; h&#7897;i, th&#7875; ch&#7845;t, n&#259;ng l&#7921;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i&#8230;T&#7845;t c&#7843; h&#7907;p l&#7841;i th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243; ngh&#297;, n&#243;i, l&#224;m theo c&#225;ch h&#7885; &#273;ang ngh&#297;, n&#243;i, l&#224;m.</p><p>M&#236;nh nghi&#7879;m ra &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y khi n&#7857;m l&#432;&#7899;t &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i thay v&#236; &#273;i ng&#7911;. Khi d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i, m&#236;nh t&#7921; &#273;&#7863;t cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n nhi&#7873;u c&#226;u h&#7887;i, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; &#8220;Sao m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t th&#7913;c khuya l&#224; c&#243; h&#7841;i m&#224; v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng b&#7887; &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i xu&#7889;ng?&#8221; &#8220;V&#236; sao m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ng&#7915;ng l&#432;&#7899;t?&#8221; &#8220;N&#7871;u l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867; h&#417;n, &#237;t c&#243; th&#243;i quen ph&#7843;n t&#432; h&#417;n th&#236; c&#243; tr&#225;ch h&#7885; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng trong khi m&#236;nh c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng kh&#225;c g&#236; h&#7885;?&#8221;</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#224;m m&#236;nh suy ngh&#297; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u v&#7873; c&#225;ch con ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#224;nh x&#7917; v&#224; v&#7873; c&#225;ch ta hi&#7875;u c&#361;ng nh&#432; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; kh&#243; ch&#7883;u, b&#7921;c m&#236;nh, hay &#273;&#244;i khi l&#224; gi&#7853;n d&#7895;ikhi th&#7845;y m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#225;i &#253;. M&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7885;c l&#224; c&#7889; &#253; khi n&#243; l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c kh&#243; ch&#7883;u. Theo g&#243;c nh&#236;n ti&#7871;n h&#243;a, ta t&#7921; nhi&#234;n b&#7853;t ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; ph&#242;ng th&#7911; &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; b&#7843;n th&#226;n kh&#7887;i nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; k&#236; qu&#7863;c, xa l&#7841;, l&#224;m b&#7843;n th&#226;n kh&#244;ng an to&#224;n. Nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c ra,  &#273;&#244;i khi (th&#7921;c ra l&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n) ch&#237;nh ta c&#361;ng l&#224; &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng g&#226;y kh&#243; ch&#7883;u, d&#249; v&#244; t&#236;nh, cho r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. </p><p>C&#243; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#236;n cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng v&#244; c&#249;ng r&#245; r&#224;ng v&#224; s&#225;ng t&#7887;; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7841;i b&#7883; m&#7897;t hay nhi&#7873;u t&#7845;m m&#224;n che ph&#7911;; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7843;i v&#7853;t l&#7897;n v&#7899;i n&#7895;i &#273;au v&#224; s&#7907; h&#227;i c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n. L&#7847;n &#273;&#243;, c&#243; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n h&#7885;c tr&#242; k&#7875; cho m&#236;nh nghe v&#7873; m&#7897;t gi&#225;o vi&#234;n d&#249;ng chi&#234;u tr&#242; &#273;&#7875; chi&#234;u sinh v&#224; d&#7841;y kh&#244;ng c&#243; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng. N&#7871;u ng&#7851;m l&#7841;i theo m&#7897;t g&#243;c nh&#236;n kh&#225;c, &#273;&#7875; ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n v&#224; danh v&#7885;ng, h&#7885; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n c&#225;ch n&#224;o kh&#225;c l&#224; ph&#7843;i &#8220;chi&#234;u tr&#242;&#8221; v&#236; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; l&#224;m kh&#225;c trong th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i. Ph&#7853;t d&#7841;y ch&#250;ng sinh nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng b&#244;ng sen: c&#243; b&#244;ng ng&#7853;p b&#249;n, c&#243; b&#244;ng v&#7915;a nh&#244; l&#234;n m&#7863;t n&#432;&#7899;c, c&#243; b&#244;ng s&#7855;p n&#7903; &#8212; m&#7895;i sinh linh &#7903; m&#7897;t m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ch&#237;n mu&#7891;i kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>&#272;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#7911;ng h&#7897; quan &#273;i&#7875;m ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n s&#7889; ph&#7853;n v&#224; &#273;&#7893; th&#7915;a cho c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7843; trong l&#7851;n ngo&#224;i cho h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh - b&#7903;i &#273;i&#7873;u l&#224;m con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7897;i c&#243; l&#7869; l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7921; nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n, qu&#225;n chi&#7871;u, h&#7885;c h&#7887;i, v&#224; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n. Nh&#224; t&#226;m th&#7847;n h&#7885;c Viktor Frankl t&#7915;ng vi&#7871;t: <em>&#8220;Gi&#7919;a k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch. Trong kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#243; l&#224; quy&#7873;n l&#7921;c c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#7875; ch&#7885;n l&#7921;a ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. Trong ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta l&#224; s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; t&#7921; do c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta.&#8221;</em></p><p>C&#243; th&#7875; m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i trong ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#7873;u &#273;ang &#273;i tr&#234;n m&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7847;y nh&#7919;ng kh&#243; kh&#259;n tr&#7855;c tr&#7903;, v&#224; m&#7895;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#237;nh l&#224; &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i, t&#233; ng&#227;, v&#224; b&#7853;t d&#7853;y tr&#234;n ch&#7863;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#243;. Ch&#250;ng ta ch&#7859;ng qua l&#224; &#273;ang &#273;i nh&#7919;ng b&#432;&#7899;c kh&#225;c nhau tr&#234;n c&#249;ng m&#7897;t con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng. </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[những câu chuyện nhỏ trong thế giới lớn]]></title><description><![CDATA[H&#244;m th&#7913; T&#432; v&#7915;a r&#7891;i m&#236;nh c&#243; m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i c&#224; ph&#234; r&#7845;t th&#250; v&#7883; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t c&#244; gi&#225;o &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; Tri T&#244;n, An Giang.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/nhung-cau-chuyen-nho-trong-the-gioi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/nhung-cau-chuyen-nho-trong-the-gioi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 18 Apr 2026 02:32:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg" width="1456" height="1505" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGWY!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffce9f9f8-d53e-4387-835a-15cf1897751a_2476x2560.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#244;m th&#7913; T&#432; v&#7915;a r&#7891;i m&#236;nh c&#243; m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i c&#224; ph&#234; r&#7845;t th&#250; v&#7883; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t c&#244; gi&#225;o &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; Tri T&#244;n, An Giang. C&#244; gi&#225;o l&#234;n S&#224;i G&#242;n tham gia m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n quan tr&#7885;ng, v&#224; c&#243; h&#7865;n g&#7863;p m&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n. Th&#7853;t ra, m&#236;nh ch&#7911; y&#7871;u nghe c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a c&#244;, v&#224; sau &#273;&#243; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i tr&#432;a c&#7921;c k&#7923; &#8220;well-spent.&#8221; C&#244; gi&#225;o v&#7889;n l&#224; gi&#225;o vi&#234;n ti&#7875;u h&#7885;c, sau chuy&#7875;n qua d&#7841;y ti&#7871;ng Anh v&#224; th&#224;nh l&#7853;p trung t&#226;m c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng m&#236;nh do ni&#7873;m y&#234;u th&#237;ch v&#7899;i ng&#244;n ng&#7919; n&#224;y. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n, m&#224; theo nh&#432; l&#7901;i c&#244; l&#224; &#8220;ch&#7881; quanh qu&#7849;n &#7903; v&#249;ng qu&#234; Tri T&#244;n&#8221; nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i mang nh&#7919;ng g&#243;c nh&#236;n v&#224; tr&#259;n tr&#7903; l&#7899;n lao, v&#432;&#7907;t xa nh&#7919;ng ng&#7885;n n&#250;i, c&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng &#7903; v&#249;ng bi&#234;n gi&#7899;i.</p><p>B&#7885;n m&#236;nh n&#243;i v&#7873; vai tr&#242; v&#224; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng c&#7911;a khu v&#7921;c t&#432; nh&#226;n trong vi&#7879;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam; ti&#7871;ng n&#243;i v&#224; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p c&#7911;a &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng v&#224;o b&#7913;c tranh chung c&#7911;a qu&#7889;c gia, qu&#7889;c t&#7871;; vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c sinh c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7885;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; v&#224; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p v&#224;o s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o; c&#361;ng nh&#432; l&#224; b&#7913;c tranh &#273;a ng&#244;n ng&#7919; &#7903; nhi&#7873;u v&#249;ng kh&#7855;p Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u th&#250; v&#7883; l&#224; trong l&#7899;p Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u m&#236;nh d&#7841;y trong bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng ng&#224;y h&#244;m &#7845;y, b&#7885;n m&#236;nh c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7921;c h&#224;nh x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n cho &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i &#8220;tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m h&#7885;c t&#7853;p ti&#7871;ng Anh c&#7911;a h&#7885;c sinh ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#226;n t&#7897;c thi&#7875;u s&#7889;.&#8221; Gi&#7889;ng v&#7899;i ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a b&#7885;n m&#236;nh, r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u h&#7885;c sinh c&#7911;a c&#244; gi&#225;o l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i Khmer, v&#224; ph&#7843;i h&#7885;c ti&#7871;ng Anh nh&#432; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; th&#7913; 3 th&#244;ng qua ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t l&#224; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; th&#7913; 2. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; hi&#7879;n tr&#7841;ng m&#224; nhi&#7873;u ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch ng&#244;n ng&#7919; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7875; &#253; &#273;&#7871;n, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i l&#224; b&#7913;c tranh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#7903; nhi&#7873;u n&#417;i kh&#7855;p c&#7843; n&#432;&#7899;c.</p><p>Hay nh&#432; vi&#7879;c c&#244; gi&#225;o quan s&#225;t th&#7845;y ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng du l&#7883;ch r&#7845;t l&#7899;n c&#7911;a v&#249;ng qu&#234; v&#224; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng nh&#7919;ng em h&#7885;c sinh c&#7911;a c&#244;, n&#7871;u gi&#7887;i nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; ti&#7871;ng v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o b&#224;i b&#7843;n, c&#243; th&#7875; quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i v&#224; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng &#7845;y nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243; l&#224; b&#259;n kho&#259;n s&#7921; &#273;&#7897;c &#273;&#225;o c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng khu v&#7921;c &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c dung n&#7841;p trong c&#225;c ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch l&#7899;n v&#7873; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, s&#7921; h&#7895; tr&#7907; cho h&#7885; l&#224; bao nhi&#234;u, ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y n&#224;o l&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p><p>V&#7899;i t&#432; c&#225;ch c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, m&#236;nh th&#7845;y bu&#7893;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n th&#250; v&#7883; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#7903; g&#243;c nh&#236;n &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho m&#7897;t m&#7843;ng l&#7899;n c&#242;n b&#7883; b&#7887; qu&#234;n trong khoa h&#7885;c, hay khi tr&#224;o l&#432;u qu&#7889;c t&#7871; h&#243;a c&#243; v&#7867; &#273;&#227; nh&#236;n tr&#432;&#7907;t qua nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n nh&#7887; nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7847;y s&#7913;c s&#7889;ng. V&#7899;i m&#236;nh, &#273;i&#7873;u th&#250; v&#7883; c&#242;n l&#224; th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang c&#7847;n m&#7851;n l&#224;m t&#7889;t nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u h&#7885; y&#234;u th&#237;ch v&#224; th&#7845;y c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a - v&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; r&#7845;t may m&#7855;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7855;ng nghe nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;.</p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Vì sao các chính sách ngôn ngữ thất bại?]]></title><description><![CDATA[C&#225;c ch&#237;nh ph&#7911; tr&#234;n to&#224;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;ang &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; v&#224;o gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; ti&#7871;ng Anh, coi &#273;&#243; l&#224; v&#7889;n ng&#244;n ng&#7919; (linguistic capital) kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thi&#7871;u cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n qu&#7889;c gia v&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n (Lin, 2005; Kirkpatrick & Bui, 2016).]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/vi-sao-cac-chinh-sach-ngon-ngu-that</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/vi-sao-cac-chinh-sach-ngon-ngu-that</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 07 Apr 2026 11:24:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!chSg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4db32f-77ed-4967-a839-712048eada5b_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!chSg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4db32f-77ed-4967-a839-712048eada5b_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!chSg!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4db32f-77ed-4967-a839-712048eada5b_2816x1536.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!chSg!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4db32f-77ed-4967-a839-712048eada5b_2816x1536.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!chSg!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4db32f-77ed-4967-a839-712048eada5b_2816x1536.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!chSg!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4db32f-77ed-4967-a839-712048eada5b_2816x1536.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!chSg!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4db32f-77ed-4967-a839-712048eada5b_2816x1536.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!chSg!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4db32f-77ed-4967-a839-712048eada5b_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>C&#225;c ch&#237;nh ph&#7911; tr&#234;n to&#224;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;ang &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; v&#224;o gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; ti&#7871;ng Anh, coi &#273;&#243; l&#224; v&#7889;n ng&#244;n ng&#7919; (linguistic capital) kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thi&#7871;u cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n qu&#7889;c gia v&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n (Lin, 2005; Kirkpatrick &amp; Bui, 2016). Tuy nhi&#234;n, l&#297;nh v&#7921;c ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch v&#224; ho&#7841;ch &#273;&#7883;nh ng&#244;n ng&#7919; (language policy and planning - LPP) &#8212; n&#7895; l&#7921;c c&#243; ch&#7911; &#253; nh&#7857;m t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n h&#224;nh vi ng&#244;n ng&#7919; &#8212; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n b&#7883; &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng b&#7903;i s&#7921; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i (Spolsky, 2012; Tollefson, 2013). M&#7863;c d&#249; c&#225;c ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c so&#7841;n th&#7843;o v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#7841;c quan v&#7873; &#273;o&#224;n k&#7871;t v&#224; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng kinh t&#7871;, ch&#250;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n s&#7909;p &#273;&#7893; khi &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i &#8220;h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i x&#227; h&#7897;i - ng&#244;n ng&#7919;&#8221; (sociolinguistic ecology) c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng m&#224; ch&#250;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i ph&#7909;c v&#7909; (Spolsky, 2012, 2021). S&#7921; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7875; hi&#7879;n r&#245; nh&#7845;t qua kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch dai d&#7859;ng gi&#7919;a c&#225;c ch&#7881; th&#7883; ch&#237;nh th&#7913;c t&#7915; tr&#234;n xu&#7889;ng (top-down official mandates) v&#224; th&#7921;c ti&#7877;n l&#7899;p h&#7885;c (classroom practices) th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a gi&#225;o vi&#234;n v&#224; h&#7885;c sinh (Lin, 2005; Hamid &amp; Erling, 2016).</p><p>S&#7921; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i c&#7911;a ho&#7841;ch &#273;&#7883;nh ng&#244;n ng&#7919; th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t ngu&#7891;n t&#7915; m&#7897;t s&#7889; y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c, t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224; h&#7853;u c&#7847;n c&#243; m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; v&#7899;i nhau:</p><p><strong>1. S&#7921; m&#7845;t k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#224; xem nh&#7865; vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a c&#225;c t&#225;c nh&#226;n &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng (local agency):</strong> Nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a th&#7845;t b&#7841;i l&#224; s&#7921; thi&#7871;u c&#226;n nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i &#8220;nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#225;n quy&#7871;t cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng&#8221; (final arbiters) c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch: gi&#225;o vi&#234;n v&#224; ph&#7909; huynh (Menken &amp; Garc&#237;a, 2010; Le, 2018). Gi&#225;o vi&#234;n th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7921;c thi &#8220;vai tr&#242; t&#225;c nh&#226;n ti&#234;u c&#7921;c&#8221; (negative agency), t&#7913;c l&#224; ch&#7885;n l&#7885;c &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh ho&#7863;c kh&#225;ng c&#7921; c&#225;c ch&#7881; th&#7883; ch&#237;nh th&#7913;c &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhu c&#7847;u th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng h&#7885;c sinh v&#7889;n c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u ng&#244;n ng&#7919; gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y (medium of instruction) (Glasgow &amp; Paller, 2016; Nero, 2018).</p><p><strong>2. C&#225;c ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch &#8220;Voi tr&#7855;ng&#8221; (white elephant policies) v&#224; s&#7921; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; v&#7873; ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c:</strong> C&#225;c ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch &#273;&#7847;y tham v&#7885;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#8220;voi tr&#7855;ng&#8221; &#8212; nh&#7919;ng ch&#7881; th&#7883; g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng ti&#234;u t&#7889;n ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c khan hi&#7871;m m&#224; kh&#244;ng mang l&#7841;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; (Hamid &amp; Erling, 2016). &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y x&#7843;y ra khi c&#225;c ch&#237;nh ph&#7911; b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c h&#7885;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; (nh&#432; ti&#7871;ng Anh) t&#7915; L&#7899;p 1 m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;&#7911; gi&#225;o vi&#234;n c&#243; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7897;, s&#225;ch gi&#225;o khoa ph&#249; h&#7907;p, ho&#7863;c th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; c&#417; s&#7903; h&#7841; t&#7847;ng c&#417; b&#7843;n nh&#432; &#273;i&#7879;n (Probyn, 2005; Manan et al., 2015; Bui &amp; Nguyen, 2016).</p><p><strong>3. S&#7921; &#273;&#243;ng k&#237;n c&#7911;a t&#7847;ng l&#7899;p tinh hoa (elite closure) v&#224; b&#7845;t b&#236;nh &#273;&#7859;ng:</strong> Trong nhi&#7873;u x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#7853;u thu&#7897;c &#273;&#7883;a, c&#225;c ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch ng&#244;n ng&#7919; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; quy&#7873;n l&#7907;i c&#7911;a t&#7847;ng l&#7899;p tinh hoa &#273;ang c&#7847;m quy&#7873;n (Lin, 2005). B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch duy tr&#236; m&#7897;t ng&#244;n ng&#7919; thu&#7897;c &#273;&#7883;a c&#243; v&#7883; th&#7871; cao l&#224;m ng&#244;n ng&#7919; gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y (medium of instruction), t&#7847;ng l&#7899;p tinh hoa s&#7917; d&#7909;ng n&#243; nh&#432; m&#7897;t &#8220;c&#417; ch&#7871; g&#225;c c&#7893;ng&#8221; (gatekeeping mechanism) &#273;&#7875; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; quy&#7873;n ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c v&#224; c&#225;c c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c chuy&#234;n m&#244;n, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; t&#225;i s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t s&#7921; ph&#226;n t&#7847;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i (social stratification) (Annamalai, 2013; Phyak, 2016).</p><p><strong>4. Huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i &#8220;C&#224;ng s&#7899;m c&#224;ng t&#7889;t&#8221; (earlier is better myth):</strong> C&#225;c nh&#224; ho&#7841;ch &#273;&#7883;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng tin v&#224;o m&#7897;t quan ni&#7879;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng r&#7857;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u d&#7841;y ngo&#7841;i ng&#7919; c&#224;ng s&#7899;m th&#236; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; lu&#244;n c&#224;ng t&#7889;t (Ng, 2016). Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c bu&#7897;c tr&#7867; em h&#7885;c n&#7897;i dung h&#7885;c thu&#7853;t b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t ng&#244;n ng&#7919; xa l&#7841; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ch&#250;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#7885;c vi&#7871;t b&#7857;ng ti&#7871;ng m&#7865; &#273;&#7867; (mother tongue) th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c v&#7865;t (rote memorization) v&#224; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i gi&#225;o d&#7909;c tr&#234;n di&#7879;n r&#7897;ng (Manan et al., 2015; Walter &amp; Benson, 2012).</p><p><strong>5. Thi&#7871;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#244;ng c&#7909; (instrumental value):</strong> &#272;&#7875; m&#7897;t ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, ng&#244;n ng&#7919; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c l&#224; c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i s&#7921; d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n x&#227; h&#7897;i (social mobility) (Kamwangamalu, 2013). N&#7871;u m&#7897;t ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y m&#7897;t ng&#244;n ng&#7919; &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng b&#7883; xem l&#224; &#8220;ng&#245; c&#7909;t v&#7873; kinh t&#7871;&#8221; (economic dead-end), ph&#7909; huynh s&#7869; &#432;u ti&#234;n c&#225;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; to&#224;n c&#7847;u b&#7845;t ch&#7845;p c&#225;c ch&#7881; th&#7883; ch&#237;nh th&#7913;c (Kamwangamalu, 2013).</p><p>&#272;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua nh&#7919;ng th&#7845;t b&#7841;i n&#224;y, c&#225;c h&#7885;c gi&#7843; &#7911;ng h&#7897; m&#7897;t s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#259;n b&#7843;n trong c&#225;ch quan ni&#7879;m v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch ng&#244;n ng&#7919;:</p><p><strong>1. Gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;a ng&#7919; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ti&#7871;ng m&#7865; &#273;&#7867; (mother-tongue-based multilingual education - MTB-MLE):</strong> C&#243; s&#7921; &#273;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n r&#7897;ng r&#227;i r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c &#273;&#7885;c vi&#7871;t v&#224; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p ban &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7841;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; cao nh&#7845;t khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n b&#7857;ng ti&#7871;ng m&#7865; &#273;&#7867; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; (UNESCO, 1953; Cummins, 2021). C&#225;c ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; n&#234;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ng&#244;n ng&#7919; &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c c&#7847;u n&#7889;i &#273;&#7875; ti&#7871;p thu c&#225;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; qu&#7889;c gia v&#224; qu&#7889;c t&#7871;, thay v&#236; thay th&#7871; ch&#250;ng (Heugh, 2018; Lo Bianco, 2023).</p><p><strong>2. M&#244; h&#236;nh h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i ng&#244;n ng&#7919; (language ecology model):</strong> Thay v&#236; coi c&#225;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; l&#224; c&#225;c th&#7921;c th&#7875; r&#7901;i r&#7841;c, c&#7841;nh tranh nhau, m&#244; h&#236;nh h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i ng&#244;n ng&#7919; nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n ch&#250;ng trong s&#7921; c&#7897;ng h&#432;&#7903;ng (synergy) (Hornberger, 2003; Lin, 2005). C&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n n&#224;y th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng nhi&#7873;u ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#249;ng t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian c&#7909; th&#7875; v&#224; con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; nh&#7919;ng m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kh&#225;c nhau, b&#7893; tr&#7907; cho nhau &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; &#273;&#243; (Lin, 2005).</p><p><strong>3. &#272;a ng&#7919; nh&#432; m&#7897;t ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c (multilingualism as a resource):</strong> Ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch n&#234;n chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; vi&#7879;c coi &#273;a ng&#7919; l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;&#8221; (problem) c&#7847;n gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t sang vi&#7879;c coi &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c qu&#253; gi&#225; cho c&#225;c c&#244;ng d&#226;n hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i (Ruiz, 1984; Lin, 2005). &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y bao g&#7891;m vi&#7879;c c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n c&#225;c th&#7921;c h&#224;nh ng&#244;n ng&#7919; lai (hybrid linguistic practices), ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i ng&#244;n ng&#7919; xuy&#234;n su&#7889;t (translanguaging), m&#224; h&#7885;c sinh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; nhi&#234;n &#273;&#7875; ki&#7871;n t&#7841;o &#253; ngh&#297;a (Garc&#237;a &amp; Wei, 2014; Tran et al., 2024).</p><p><strong>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</strong></p><p>Annamalai, E. (2013). India&#8217;s economic restructuring with English: Benefits versus costs. In J. W. Tollefson (Ed.), <em>Language policies in education: Critical issues</em> (2nd ed., pp. 191&#8211;207). Routledge.</p><p>Bui, T. T. N., &amp; Nguyen, H. T. M. (2016). Standardizing English for educational and socio-economic betterment: A critical analysis of English language policy reforms in Vietnam. In R. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), <em>English language education policy in Asia</em> (pp. 363&#8211;388). Springer.</p><p>Crandall, J., &amp; Bailey, K. M. (Eds.). (2018). <em>Global perspectives on language education policies</em>. Routledge.</p><p>Cummins, J. (2021). <em>Rethinking the education of multilingual learners: A critical analysis of theoretical concepts</em>. Multilingual Matters.</p><p>Doff, S., &amp; Smith, R. (Eds.). (2022). <em>Policies and practice in language learning and teaching: 20th-century historical perspectives</em>. Amsterdam University Press.</p><p>Erling, E. J., &amp; Seargeant, P. (Eds.). (2013). <em>English and development: Policy, pedagogy and globalization</em>. Multilingual Matters.</p><p>Fishman, J. A. (1991). <em>Reversing language shift: Theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages</em>. Multilingual Matters.</p><p>Garc&#237;a, O., &amp; Wei, L. (2014). <em>Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education</em>. Palgrave Macmillan.</p><p>Gazzola, M., Grin, F., Cardinal, L., &amp; Heugh, K. (Eds.). (2023). <em>The Routledge handbook of language policy and planning</em>. Routledge.</p><p>Glasgow, G. P., &amp; Paller, D. L. (2016). English language education policy in Japan. In R. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), <em>English language education policy in Asia</em> (pp. 153&#8211;180). Springer.</p><p>Hamid, M. O., &amp; Erling, E. J. (2016). English-in-education policy and planning in Bangladesh: A critical examination. In R. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), <em>English language education policy in Asia</em> (pp. 25&#8211;48). Springer.</p><p>Heugh, K. (2018). Multilingualism, diversity and equitable learning: Towards a Southern lens. <em>Current Issues in Language Planning, 19</em>(3), 231&#8211;315.</p><p>Hornberger, N. H. (2003). <em>Continua of biliteracy: An ecological framework for educational policy, research and practice in multilingual settings</em>. Multilingual Matters.</p><p>Hult, F. M., &amp; Johnson, D. C. (Eds.). (2015). <em>Research methods in language policy and planning: A practical guide</em>. John Wiley &amp; Sons.</p><p>Kamwangamalu, N. M. (2013). Language planning in Africa&#8217;s monolingual kingdoms of Lesotho and Swaziland. In J. W. Tollefson (Ed.), <em>Language policies in education: Critical issues</em> (2nd ed., pp. 157&#8211;173). Routledge.</p><p>Kirkpatrick, R., &amp; Bui, T. T. N. (2016). Introduction: The challenges for English education policies in Asia. In R. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), <em>English language education policy in Asia</em> (pp. 1&#8211;25). Springer.</p><p>Le, D. M. (2018). Agentic responses to communicative language teaching in language policy: An example of Vietnamese English primary teachers. In J. Crandall &amp; K. M. Bailey (Eds.), <em>Global perspectives on language education policies</em> (pp. 35&#8211;43). Routledge.</p><p>Lin, A. M. Y. (Ed.). (2005). <em>Decolonisation, globalisation: Language-in-education policy and practice</em>. Multilingual Matters.</p><p>Lo Bianco, J. (2023). Language policy, literacy, and multilingualism. In M. Gazzola, F. Grin, L. Cardinal, &amp; K. Heugh (Eds.), <em>The Routledge handbook of language policy and planning</em> (pp. 469&#8211;482). Routledge.</p><p>Manan, S. A., David, M. K., &amp; Dumanig, F. P. (2015). English language teaching in Pakistan: Language policies, delusions and solutions. In R. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), <em>English language education policy in Asia</em> (pp. 219&#8211;244). Springer.</p><p>Menken, K., &amp; Garc&#237;a, O. (Eds.). (2010). <em>Negotiating language education policies: Educators as policymakers</em>. Routledge.</p><p>Nero, S. (2018). Language education policy in a postcolonial Creole context. In J. Crandall &amp; K. M. Bailey (Eds.), <em>Global perspectives on language education policies</em> (pp. 209&#8211;218). Routledge.</p><p>Ng, P. C. L. (2016). Singapore&#8217;s English-knowing bilingual policy: A critical evaluation. In R. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), <em>English language education policy in Asia</em> (pp. 265&#8211;278). Springer.</p><p>Phyak, P. (2016). Local-global tension in the ideological construction of English language education policy in Nepal. In R. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), <em>English language education policy in Asia</em> (pp. 199&#8211;218). Springer.</p><p>Probyn, M. (2005). Language and the struggle to learn: The intersection of classroom realities, language-in-education policy and neoliberalism in South Africa. In A. M. Y. Lin (Ed.), <em>Decolonisation, globalisation: Language-in-education policy and practice</em> (pp. 153&#8211;172). Multilingual Matters.</p><p>Ruiz, R. (1984). Orientations in language planning. <em>NABE Journal, 8</em>(2), 15&#8211;34.</p><p>Sallabank, J. (2012). Diversity and language policy for endangered languages. In B. Spolsky (Ed.), <em>The Cambridge handbook of language policy</em> (pp. 100&#8211;123). Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Spolsky, B. (2004). <em>Language policy</em>. Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Spolsky, B. (Ed.). (2012). <em>The Cambridge handbook of language policy</em>. Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Spolsky, B. (2021). <em>Rethinking language policy</em>. Edinburgh University Press.</p><p>Tavares, V. (Ed.). (2024). <em>The Palgrave handbook of internationalization of language education</em>. Palgrave Macmillan.</p><p>Tollefson, J. W. (Ed.). (2013). <em>Language policies in education: Critical issues</em> (2nd ed.). Routledge.</p><p>Tran, A. L. T., Nguyen, N. H. T., &amp; Trinh, A. N. (2024). Internationalizing language education curricula in Vietnam: Rationales, processes, and expected outcomes. In V. Tavares (Ed.), <em>The Palgrave handbook of internationalization of language education</em> (pp. 119&#8211;138). Palgrave Macmillan.</p><p>UNESCO. (1953). <em>The use of vernacular languages in education</em>. UNESCO.</p><p>Walter, S. L., &amp; Benson, C. (2012). Language policy and medium of instruction in formal education. In B. Spolsky (Ed.), <em>The Cambridge handbook of language policy</em> (pp. 278&#8211;300). Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Wiley, T. G., &amp; Garc&#237;a, O. (2016). Language policy and planning in language education: Legacies, consequences, and possibilities. <em>The Modern Language Journal, 100</em>(S1), 48&#8211;63.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[nếu chẳng may bạn ngã xuống]]></title><description><![CDATA[H&#244;m nay m&#236;nh &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t b&#224;i &#273;&#259;ng nho nh&#7887; tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/neu-chang-may-ban-nga-xuong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/neu-chang-may-ban-nga-xuong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 15:38:03 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Vxx!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb49fa79a-0aff-47da-9aa7-12454332bb03_1546x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#244;m nay m&#236;nh &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t b&#224;i &#273;&#259;ng nho nh&#7887; tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i. M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng nh&#7899; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c t&#7915;ng c&#226;u ch&#7919;, cho n&#234;n vi&#7871;t l&#7841;i &#273;&#7841;i &#253; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y.</p><blockquote><p><em>N&#7871;u m&#7897;t ng&#224;y b&#7841;n ch&#7859;ng may ng&#227; xu&#7889;ng, th&#236; ai &#8230;</em></p><p><em>&#8230; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i vui m&#7915;ng h&#7899;n h&#7903;?</em></p><p><em>&#8230; c&#242;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; &#253; l&#224; c&#243; b&#7841;n tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i?</em></p><p><em>&#8230; t&#7863;c l&#432;&#7905;i &#8220;T&#7897;i th&#7853;t&#8221; r&#7891;i l&#432;&#7899;t qua ngay?</em></p><p><em>&#8230; nh&#7855;n tin h&#7887;i th&#259;m, &#8220;B&#7841;n c&#243; sao kh&#244;ng?&#8221; r&#7891;i d&#7863;n b&#7841;n gi&#7919; g&#236;n s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e?</em></p><p><em>&#8230; ch&#7841;y &#273;&#7871;n xem b&#7841;n c&#243; sao kh&#244;ng?</em></p><p><em>&#8230; &#7903; l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7905; b&#7841;n d&#7853;y?</em></p><p><em>Sau khi t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng xong vi&#7877;n c&#7843;nh n&#224;y, h&#227;y ng&#7891;i l&#7841;i v&#224; ng&#7851;m ngh&#297; th&#7853;t k&#7929; xem b&#7841;n &#273;ang &#8230;</em></p><p><em>&#8230; d&#224;nh th&#7901;i gian cho ai?</em></p><p><em>&#8230; quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;i nh&#236;n c&#7911;a ai v&#7873; b&#7841;n?</em></p><p><em>&#8230; &#273;&#7875; ai chi ph&#7889;i c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n?</em></p><p><em>&#8230; th&#7901; &#417; v&#7899;i ai?</em></p><p><em>&#8230; lo l&#7855;ng cho ai?</em></p></blockquote><p>Tho&#7841;t &#273;&#7885;c qua, &#273;&#226;y c&#243; v&#7867; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#224;i th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p v&#7873; s&#7921; s&#242;ng ph&#7859;ng; ai quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n m&#236;nh th&#236; m&#236;nh s&#7869; quan t&#226;m l&#7841;i. </p><p>Trong ph&#7847;n b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n, c&#243; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n vi&#7871;t,</p><blockquote><p><em>T&#244;i ngh&#297; ngo&#7841;i tr&#7915; cha m&#7865; ch&#7855;c s&#7869; kh&#244;ng ai d&#224;nh th&#7901;i gian quan t&#226;m ch&#259;m s&#243;c v&#224; &#273;&#7905; t&#244;i d&#7853;y. Th&#7871; nh&#432;ng, h&#7885; c&#361;ng ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#224; t&#244;i &#273;ang th&#7901; &#417; v&#224; coi th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#236;nh c&#7843;m. C&#243; l&#7869; s&#7921; quan t&#226;m c&#7911;a h&#7885; d&#224;nh cho t&#244;i &#273;&#227; qu&#225; hi&#7875;n nhi&#234;n?</em></p></blockquote><p>M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c vi&#7871;t,</p><blockquote><p><em>T&#244;i kh&#244;ng ngh&#297; ai trong s&#7889; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang c&#249;ng vui v&#7867; v&#7899;i t&#244;i qua nh&#7919;ng b&#7919;a ti&#7879;c hay b&#224;n c&#224; ph&#234; s&#7869; &#273;&#7871;n v&#224; &#7903; l&#7841;i. Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i ch&#417;i v&#7899;i nhau l&#224; v&#236; c&#7847;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a nhau, khi h&#7871;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; r&#7891;i th&#236; &#8230; t&#244;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7855;c.</em></p></blockquote><p>M&#236;nh ngh&#297; m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7869; hi&#7875;u th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p n&#224;y kh&#225;c &#273;i, v&#236; gi&#225; tr&#7883; s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7895;i kh&#225;c - v&#224; t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u l&#224;m m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i ng&#7915;ng l&#7841;i, &#273;&#7885;c comments, v&#224; r&#7891;i ng&#7891;i &#273;&#226;y vi&#7871;t ra l&#224; v&#236; ch&#237;nh b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; t&#7921; suy ng&#7851;m v&#224; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i trong &#273;&#243;.</p><p>M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ngh&#297; m&#7885;i th&#7913; tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873;u n&#234;n r&#7841;ch r&#242;i, s&#242;ng ph&#7859;ng. Nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ngh&#297; cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng n&#234;n b&#7883; che &#273;&#7853;y b&#7903;i m&#224;n s&#432;&#417;ng m&#234; mu&#7897;i c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c t&#7841;m b&#7907;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; &#273;an xen ch&#7857;ng ch&#7883;t v&#244; c&#249;ng ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; tr&#225;ch m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i khi h&#7885; r&#7901;i &#273;i v&#236; ch&#237;nh khi h&#7885; &#7903; &#273;&#243; b&#7841;n c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; r&#7845;t ham th&#237;ch c&#7843;m x&#250;c m&#224; h&#7885; mang &#273;&#7871;n. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, khi b&#7841;n d&#224;nh th&#7901;i gian cho ai &#273;&#243;, ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n c&#361;ng &#273;ang th&#237;ch th&#250; c&#7843;m x&#250;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quan t&#226;m ai &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7889;t; v&#7853;y n&#234;n c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; tr&#225;ch n&#7871;u h&#7885; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n b&#234;n b&#7841;n - v&#236; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7907;i t&#7915; tr&#432;&#7899;c r&#7891;i.</p><p>M&#236;nh ngh&#297; &#273;i&#7873;u hay c&#7911;a b&#224;i &#273;&#259;ng &#7903; tr&#234;n ch&#237;nh l&#224; c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; soi r&#7885;i b&#7843;n th&#226;n; &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; h&#7887;i xem ta &#273;ang d&#224;nh th&#7901;i gian cho ai, &#273;ang s&#7889;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, &#273;ang b&#7887; qua c&#225;i g&#236;, v&#224; &#273;ang d&#237;nh m&#7855;c n&#417;i &#273;&#226;u. Tr&#234;n c&#7843; s&#7921; tr&#225;ch m&#243;c v&#224; &#273;&#242;i c&#244;ng b&#7857;ng cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n ch&#237;nh l&#224; t&#7921; n&#243;i v&#7899;i b&#7843;n th&#226;n r&#7857;ng b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh lu&#244;n c&#243; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m, d&#249; l&#224; nh&#7887; nh&#7845;t, trong m&#7885;i chuy&#7879;n x&#7843;y &#273;&#7871;n.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Nỗi sợ khi thay đổi]]></title><description><![CDATA[D&#7841;o g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y m&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghe kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u b&#7841;n t&#226;m s&#7921; v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng tr&#259;n tr&#7903; v&#224; lo &#226;u tr&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7919;ng ng&#227; r&#7869; cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/noi-so-khi-thay-oi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/noi-so-khi-thay-oi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2026 14:57:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jYnE!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3d7c3f3-7310-4e66-ac6c-f01c42a26017_1546x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#7841;o g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y m&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghe kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u b&#7841;n t&#226;m s&#7921; v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng tr&#259;n tr&#7903; v&#224; lo &#226;u tr&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7919;ng ng&#227; r&#7869; cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i. C&#243; b&#7841;n lo l&#7855;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c k&#236; thi IELTS - v&#7889;n mang t&#237;nh quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p. Ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#236; loay hoay kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7911; gi&#7887;i &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c m&#7897;t b&#7853;c h&#7885;c. M&#7897;t &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p th&#236; ngh&#297; ho&#224;i kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t c&#243; n&#234;n &#273;&#7893;i m&#7897;t ch&#7895; l&#224;m qu&#225; &#225;p l&#7921;c hay kh&#244;ng. T&#7845;t c&#7843; h&#7885; &#273;&#7873;u &#273;ang &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i m&#7897;t n&#7895;i s&#7907;: s&#7921; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;ang kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t ph&#237;a sau kh&#250;c cua kia l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;, t&#7889;t hay x&#7845;u, v&#224; h&#7885; c&#243; &#273;&#7911; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c c&#361;ng nh&#432; d&#361;ng c&#7843;m &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7847;u v&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng kh&#244;ng.</p><p>S&#7921; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh (hay s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i) &#7903; &#273;&#226;y hi&#7875;u l&#224; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u l&#224;m m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c m&#7899;i - ho&#224;n to&#224;n m&#7899;i - so v&#7899;i nh&#7883;p th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng. C&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; chuy&#7875;n n&#417;i &#7903;, du h&#7885;c, &#273;&#7893;i vi&#7879;c, l&#7853;p gia &#273;&#236;nh, hay &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; tham gia m&#7897;t chuy&#7871;n &#273;i, tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m m&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i. D&#249; l&#7899;n d&#249; nh&#7887;, quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m b&#7845;t k&#7923; ai ch&#249;n b&#432;&#7899;c. </p><p>M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng nghe nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y tr&#234;n b&#236;nh di&#7879;n th&#244;ng tin h&#417;n l&#224; c&#7843;m x&#250;c, cho &#273;&#7871;n khi ch&#237;nh b&#7843;n th&#226;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i s&#7921; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh: c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c m&#7899;i v&#224; nh&#7919;ng chuy&#7871;n &#273;i b&#7845;t ng&#7901;. Ch&#237;nh v&#224;o l&#250;c &#273;&#243;, m&#236;nh c&#361;ng lo &#226;u v&#224; s&#7907; h&#227;i; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t c&#225;i g&#236; s&#7869; ch&#7901; m&#236;nh &#7903; ph&#237;a sau nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;ng x&#225;m th&#244;ng tin. Li&#7879;u m&#236;nh c&#243; th&#237;ch nghi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng? Chuy&#7871;n &#273;i n&#224;y c&#243; &#273;&#225;ng kh&#244;ng? Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#243; ch&#224;o &#273;&#243;n m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng? Khi soi r&#7885;i v&#224;o n&#7895;i s&#7907; c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n, m&#236;nh nh&#432; th&#244;ng c&#7843;m h&#417;n v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i xung quanh, v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c r&#7845;t con ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#224; ai c&#361;ng c&#243;. </p><p>Kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u (<em><a href="https://www.unibas.ch/en/News-Events/News/Uni-Research/Being-lazy-is-also-in-our-genes.html">&#273;&#226;y</a> v&#224; <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393218303981">&#273;&#226;y</a></em>) &#273;&#227; ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; <em>t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng</em> - hay n&#243;i n&#244;m na l&#224; l&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;ng, &#432;a s&#7921; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh. Ch&#250;ng ta l&#224; lo&#224;i &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t &#432;a s&#7921; tho&#7843;i m&#225;i v&#224; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, th&#237;ch cu&#7897;n tr&#242;n trong v&#7887; b&#7885;c &#7845;m &#225;p ti&#7879;n nghi c&#7911;a m&#236;nh - v&#224; ch&#7881; ri&#234;ng c&#225;i suy ngh&#297; ph&#7843;i b&#432;&#7899;c ra kh&#7887;i v&#249;ng an to&#224;n &#273;&#243; c&#361;ng &#273;&#7911; khi&#7871;n ta s&#7907; h&#227;i.</p><p>M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; suy ngh&#297; v&#7873; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u - v&#7873; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh. V&#236; l&#224; b&#7843;n n&#259;ng, n&#7895;i s&#7907; ki&#7875;u n&#224;y r&#7845;t kh&#243; v&#432;&#7907;t qua, v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; v&#249;i m&#7897;t con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; m&#227;i trong chi&#7871;c k&#233;n, l&#224;m cho h&#7885; ph&#7843;i nu&#7889;i ti&#7871;c v&#236; &#8220;ch&#237; l&#7899;n kh&#244;ng th&#224;nh.&#8221; Do v&#7853;y, m&#236;nh vi&#7871;t b&#224;i n&#224;y tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n l&#224; d&#224;nh cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n, cho b&#7841;n b&#232;, &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p, h&#7885;c tr&#242;, v&#224; cho b&#7845;t k&#236; ai th&#7845;y b&#7843;n th&#226;n c&#242;n &#273;ang ch&#7847;n ch&#7915; tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7899;n. </p><h2>H&#227;y &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng b&#7857;ng l&#253; tr&#237;</h2><p><em>V&#236; sao b&#7841;n l&#7841;i s&#7907;? B&#7841;n s&#7907; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;? N&#7871;u n&#243;i r&#7857;ng b&#7843;n th&#226;n ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c, b&#7841;n c&#243; bi&#7871;t nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o l&#224; &#273;&#7911; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng? N&#7871;u cho r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; th&#237;ch nghi trong m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7899;i, h&#227;y nh&#7899; l&#7841;i xem b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; th&#237;ch nghi v&#224; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong ch&#237;nh m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;y nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</em></p><p>Vi&#7879;c li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#273;&#7863;t nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, m&#7893; x&#7867; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n ng&#432;ng t&#7921; b&#7883;a ra logic &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; cho s&#7921; ch&#7847;n ch&#7915; v&#224; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh. Tr&#234;n h&#7871;t, h&#227;y t&#236;m ngu&#7891;n th&#244;ng tin c&#243; th&#7849;m quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c t&#237;n nh&#7919;ng gi&#7843; &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n v&#224; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i ki&#7875;u n&#224;y. </p><h3>H&#227;y &#273;&#7863;t th&#7901;i h&#7841;n cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n v&#224; chia nh&#7887; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c ra</h3><p>Ra m&#7897;t gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7909; th&#7875; v&#224; n&#243;i v&#7899;i b&#7843;n th&#226;n r&#7857;ng, &#8220;M&#236;nh nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh ph&#7843;i ho&#224;n th&#224;nh vi&#234;c n&#224;y v&#224;o ng&#224;y th&#225;ng n&#259;m n&#224;y.&#8221; Khi &#273;&#227; c&#243; m&#7897;t deadline, h&#227;y chia nh&#7887; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c l&#7899;n ra th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng vi&#7879;c nh&#7887; h&#417;n; v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; thu th&#7853;p th&#244;ng tin c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t, &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; t&#236;nh h&#236;nh, chu&#7849;n b&#7883; h&#7891; s&#417;, &#8230; m&#7895;i b&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7887; n&#224;y l&#7841;i c&#243; deadline cho ri&#234;ng n&#243;. </p><p>H&#227;y b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c th&#7853;t nh&#7887;, r&#7845;t nh&#7887;; nh&#432;ng l&#224;m n&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7847;y ch&#250; t&#226;m. B&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7887; n&#224;y s&#7869; d&#7847;n d&#7847;n l&#244;i k&#233;o b&#7841;n &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo. H&#227;y &#273;&#7885;c th&#244;ng tin tuy&#7875;n sinh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&#7883;nh n&#7897;p; ch&#7841;y xe ngang qua c&#244;ng ty m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#7883;nh xin vi&#7879;c; xem v&#224;i h&#236;nh &#7843;nh ho&#7863;c videos v&#7873; th&#224;nh ph&#7889; b&#7841;n &#273;&#7883;nh chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7871;n s&#7889;ng. H&#227;y ch&#7847;m ch&#7853;m, nh&#432;ng nh&#7899; ph&#7843;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u - v&#224; &#273;&#250;ng h&#7841;n.</p><h3>T&#7921; h&#7887;i b&#7843;n th&#226;n, &#8220;Th&#236; sao?!&#8221;</h3><p>&#8220;N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, th&#236; sao?&#8221; </p><p>C&#243; ph&#7843;i b&#7841;n ch&#432;a th&#7845;t b&#7841;i bao gi&#7901;, hay b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n v&#7845;p ng&#227;? B&#7841;n t&#7915;ng thi tr&#432;&#7907;t, th&#236; sao? C&#243; ai nh&#7899;, ai nh&#7855;c kh&#244;ng? Hay ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng nh&#7899;? B&#7841;n t&#7915;ng b&#7883; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; ch&#7889;i, th&#236; sao? B&#7841;n t&#7915;ng kh&#244;ng h&#224;i l&#242;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t chuy&#7871;n &#273;i? C&#243; ph&#7843;i b&#7841;n v&#7851;n tr&#7903; v&#7873; nh&#224; b&#236;nh an v&#224; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng nh&#7899; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; chi bao nhi&#234;u ti&#7873;n cho n&#243;? </p><p>Th&#236; sao?</p><p>Ch&#7859;ng sao c&#7843;.</p><p>H&#227;y t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i h&#7885;c, tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m, hay m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh n&#224;y. B&#7841;n s&#7869; bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch chu&#7849;n b&#7883; m&#7897;t b&#7897; h&#7891; s&#417;, c&#243; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c v&#7873; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty m&#7899;i; hay tr&#7843;i qua m&#7897;t chuy&#7871;n &#273;i &#8230; l&#7841;.</p><p></p><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; s&#7921; quan t&#226;m m&#236;nh d&#224;nh cho ch&#237;nh b&#7843;n th&#226;n c&#361;ng nh&#432; b&#7845;t k&#236; ai &#273;ang c&#7843;m th&#7845;y s&#7907; h&#227;i tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh - d&#249; l&#7899;n d&#249; nh&#7887;. Khoa h&#7885;c &#273;&#227; ch&#7913;ng minh, ta s&#7907; ch&#237;nh n&#7895;i s&#7907; h&#417;n l&#224; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i m&#224; n&#243; mang l&#7841;i. V&#236; v&#7853;y, h&#227;y nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n v&#224; tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i n&#243; b&#7857;ng l&#253; tr&#237;. </p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Như thế nào là "rực rỡ"?]]></title><description><![CDATA[M&#7845;y h&#244;m nay ng&#432;&#7901;i ta h&#7887;i nhau, &#8220;N&#7871;u c&#7843; &#273;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng r&#7921;c r&#7905; th&#236; sao?&#8221; C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i chia s&#7867; tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng &#273;i t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#226;u s&#7855;c, nghi&#234;m t&#250;c v&#7873; m&#7863;t tri&#7871;t h&#7885;c, t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c, &#273;&#7871;n h&#224;i h&#432;&#7899;c, b&#7905;n c&#7907;t.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/nhu-the-nao-la-ruc-ro</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/nhu-the-nao-la-ruc-ro</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 15:44:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vtuj!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89e295bb-cc13-4d48-9ca7-f8c83d6cbd1e_2992x2992.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7845;y h&#244;m nay ng&#432;&#7901;i ta h&#7887;i nhau, &#8220;N&#7871;u c&#7843; &#273;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng r&#7921;c r&#7905; th&#236; sao?&#8221; C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i chia s&#7867; tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng &#273;i t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#226;u s&#7855;c, nghi&#234;m t&#250;c v&#7873; m&#7863;t tri&#7871;t h&#7885;c, t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c, &#273;&#7871;n h&#224;i h&#432;&#7899;c, b&#7905;n c&#7907;t. &#272;i&#7873;u th&#250; v&#7883; l&#224; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u b&#7841;n b&#232; (m&#7841;ng) c&#7911;a m&#236;nh tham gia v&#224;o cu&#7897;c th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n n&#224;y v&#224; hi&#7875;u &#8220;r&#7921;c r&#7905;&#8221; theo nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch r&#7845;t kh&#225;c nhau.<br><br>H&#244;m qua c&#243; m&#7897;t &#8220;b&#7841;n nh&#7887;&#8221; h&#7887;i m&#236;nh s&#7869; ra sao n&#7871;u &#273;&#7901;i b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng r&#7921;c r&#7905;. M&#236;nh c&#243; h&#7887;i b&#7841;n hai c&#226;u: th&#7913; nh&#7845;t, nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o th&#236; g&#7885;i l&#224; r&#7921;c r&#7905;; v&#224; th&#7913; hai, t&#7841;i sao em ph&#7843;i r&#7921;c r&#7905;. Hai c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y ch&#7841;m v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u c&#417; b&#7843;n nh&#7845;t: kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m v&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417;.<br><br>Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, &#8220;r&#7921;c r&#7905;&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a l&#224; &#8220;c&#243; m&#224;u s&#7855;c t&#432;&#417;i s&#225;ng &#273;&#7865;p &#273;&#7869; v&#224; n&#7893;i b&#7853;t h&#7859;n l&#234;n, l&#224;m cho ai c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#250; &#253;.&#8221; T&#7913;c l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7901;i (hay kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c) r&#7921;c r&#7905; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng n&#7893;i b&#7853;t trong cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng, khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7905;ng m&#7897;. Tuy v&#7853;y, x&#227; h&#7897;i n&#224;y l&#7841;i c&#243; mu&#244;n v&#7841;n &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a v&#7873; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng. C&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i cho r&#7857;ng gi&#224;u c&#243; l&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c l&#7841;i cho r&#7857;ng h&#7885;c gi&#7887;i, &#273;&#7841;t c&#225;c danh hi&#7879;u l&#7899;n l&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng - nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7845;y v&#432;&#7907;t qua ch&#237;nh b&#7843;n th&#226;n ng&#224;y h&#244;m qua &#273;&#227; l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#225;ng n&#7875;. D&#249; th&#7871; n&#224;o, &#273;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#7919;ng h&#7879; quy chi&#7871;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; chung c&#7911;a m&#7897;t hay nhi&#7873;u nh&#243;m ng&#432;&#7901;i, v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#8220;r&#7921;c r&#7905;&#8221; s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i trong ch&#237;nh nh&#243;m &#273;&#243; ng&#432;&#7905;ng m&#7897; (ho&#7863;c ganh t&#7925;).<br><br>Nh&#236;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch xa h&#417;n, t&#7915; ch&#237;nh trong c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i ta h&#7887;i c&#226;u &#7845;y, &#8220;r&#7921;c r&#7905;'&#8220; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; s&#7921; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, m&#224; l&#224; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#432;&#7905;ng m&#7897;. L&#224; m&#7897;t lo&#224;i &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t mang t&#237;nh x&#227; h&#7897;i cao, s&#7921; ng&#432;&#7905;ng m&#7897; c&#7911;a &#273;&#7891;ng lo&#7841;i (hay th&#224;nh vi&#234;n c&#249;ng nh&#243;m) ch&#237;nh l&#224; s&#7921; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o an to&#224;n v&#224; nhu c&#7847;u t&#226;m l&#253; b&#7843;n n&#259;ng cho con ng&#432;&#7901;i. T&#7915; g&#243;c nh&#236;n th&#7847;n kinh, &#273;&#243; l&#224; khi dopamine, hay hormone h&#7841;nh ph&#250;c, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7871;t ra, khi&#7871;n ta c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n, d&#7877; ch&#7883;u, tr&#224;n tr&#7873; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng.<br><br>&#272;i&#7873;u nguy hi&#7875;m l&#224; khi l&#432;&#7907;ng dopamine tu&#7897;t xu&#7889;ng, ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#250;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#7843;m th&#7845;y h&#7909;t h&#7851;ng nh&#7845;t - nh&#432; Lembke &#273;&#227; n&#243;i trong quy&#7875;n &#8220;Gi&#7843;i m&#227; hormone dopamie&#8221;; hay ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7901;i v&#7851;n hay n&#243;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c bu&#7891;n nh&#7845;t ch&#237;nh l&#224; ngay sau khi ta &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#243;. Trong v&#259;n &#273;&#224;n c&#242;n l&#432;u truy&#7873;n c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng nh&#224; v&#259;n nh&#432; Yukio Mishima, Ernest Hemingway, Stefan Zweig, hay Jack London &#273;&#7873;u ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch t&#7921; ra &#273;i khi c&#7843;m th&#7845;y b&#7843;n th&#226;n kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#7903; &#273;&#7881;nh cao ngh&#7873; vi&#7871;t - hay kh&#244;ng c&#242;n r&#7921;c r&#7905; n&#7919;a.<br><br>V&#7851;n theo c&#225;ch hi&#7875;u n&#224;y, r&#7921;c r&#7905; hay kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; s&#7921; so s&#225;nh m&#236;nh v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; c&#249;ng h&#7879; gi&#225; tr&#7883;; &#273;ong &#273;&#7871;m xem t&#244;i c&#243; &#273;&#7911; t&#432;&#417;i s&#225;ng ch&#432;a, v&#224; r&#7891;i c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#7845;y (n&#7871;u c&#243;). &#272;&#244;i khi n&#243; cu&#7889;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ta ch&#7841;y m&#227;i, cho &#273;&#7871;n khi th&#224;nh c&#244;ng h&#417;n, ho&#7863;c h&#7909;t h&#417;i, ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7893;i h&#7879; gi&#225; tr&#7883; - v&#224; r&#7891;i ch&#7841;y ti&#7871;p; r&#7891;i &#273;&#7893;i v&#224; ch&#7841;y m&#227;i.<br><br>Th&#7921;c ra s&#7869; c&#242;n nhi&#7873;u c&#225;ch &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a s&#7921; r&#7921;c r&#7905; h&#417;n nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;y nhi&#7873;u. Nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh ngh&#297; hai c&#226;u h&#7887;i ngay t&#7915; ban &#273;&#7847;u v&#7851;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t ra l&#224; &#8220;Nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o th&#236; m&#7899;i g&#7885;i l&#224; r&#7921;c r&#7905;?&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;B&#7841;n c&#243; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i r&#7921;c r&#7905; kh&#244;ng?&#8221; V&#236; c&#225;i g&#236; ch&#225;y r&#7921;c r&#7905; m&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7891;n h&#7871;t n&#7897;i l&#7921;c, ch&#7883;u n&#243;ng r&#225;t, v&#224; nhanh ch&#243;ng t&#224;n l&#7909;i?</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Viết là một trải nghiệm]]></title><description><![CDATA[Th&#7901;i gian qua m&#236;nh vi&#7871;t kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u, &#273;&#7911; c&#225;c th&#7875; lo&#7841;i t&#7915; lu&#7853;n &#225;n, b&#224;i b&#225;o khoa h&#7885;c, s&#225;ch, truy&#7879;n, t&#7841;p b&#250;t, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch khoa h&#7885;c, b&#225;o ph&#7893; th&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n status nh&#7843;m nh&#237; tr&#234;n Facebook.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/viet-la-mot-trai-nghiem</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/viet-la-mot-trai-nghiem</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 14:52:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg" width="1456" height="1092" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1106694,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://vutranthanh.substack.com/i/189551760?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCSs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b5d757-68d2-4dfe-88d3-29f0d6fa9e5d_2560x1920.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Th&#7901;i gian qua m&#236;nh vi&#7871;t kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u, &#273;&#7911; c&#225;c th&#7875; lo&#7841;i t&#7915; lu&#7853;n &#225;n, b&#224;i b&#225;o khoa h&#7885;c, s&#225;ch, truy&#7879;n, t&#7841;p b&#250;t, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch khoa h&#7885;c, b&#225;o ph&#7893; th&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n status nh&#7843;m nh&#237; tr&#234;n Facebook.</p><p>Th&#432;&#7901;ng m&#236;nh hi&#7871;m khi n&#224;o &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i to&#224;n b&#7897; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; m&#236;nh vi&#7871;t, d&#249; &#273;&#243; l&#224; lo&#7841;i v&#259;n b&#7843;n n&#224;o. H&#7891;i tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#236;nh hay &#273;&#249;a v&#7899;i c&#244; Anna (GS h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ti&#7871;n s&#297; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh) l&#224; b&#7889;n ng&#432;&#7901;i duy nh&#7845;t tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i n&#224;y &#273;&#7885;c k&#7929; thesis c&#7911;a em ch&#7855;c c&#243; c&#244;, c&#244; Oakleigh (GS h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ph&#7909;), th&#7847;y John v&#224; c&#244; Julie (hai gi&#225;m kh&#7843;o) - v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; em. &#272;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n m&#236;nh l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i vi&#7871;t th&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7885;c t&#7915;ng c&#226;u t&#7915;ng ch&#7919;, nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh r&#7845;t &#8220;ng&#225;n&#8221; &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i. Do &#273;&#243;, th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#225;i g&#236; m&#236;nh vi&#7871;t c&#361;ng c&#243; x&#237;u l&#7895;i ch&#237;nh t&#7843; hay &#273;&#225;nh m&#225;y. </p><p>C&#243; nhi&#7873;u b&#7841;n &#8220;&#273;&#7897;c gi&#7843;&#8221; hay comment ho&#7863;c nh&#7855;n tin ri&#234;ng b&#7855;t l&#7895;i ch&#237;nh t&#7843; gi&#249;m m&#236;nh. Th&#432;&#7901;ng m&#236;nh s&#7869; s&#7917;a n&#7871;u r&#7843;nh, ho&#7863;c m&#7863;c k&#7879;. M&#236;nh c&#243; hai l&#253; do kh&#225; c&#225; nh&#226;n cho chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y: (1) hi&#7875;n nhi&#234;n nh&#7845;t l&#224; m&#236;nh l&#432;&#7901;i; v&#224; (2) m&#236;nh xem vi&#7871;t l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m.</p><p>C&#7909; th&#7875; th&#236; m&#236;nh r&#7845;t h&#7913;ng th&#250; v&#7899;i th&#7901;i gian ng&#7891;i vi&#7871;t. N&#243; gi&#250;p m&#236;nh soi chi&#7871;u b&#7843;n th&#226;n, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng suy ngh&#297;, r&#232;n luy&#7879;n c&#225;ch s&#7855;p x&#7871;p &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng, ch&#417;i &#273;&#249;a v&#7899;i con ch&#7919;, v&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t l&#224; &#8220;s&#7889;ng&#8221; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng &#253; ni&#7879;m. Th&#224;nh ra, qu&#225; tr&#236;nh vi&#7871;t v&#7899;i m&#236;nh c&#361;ng nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta xem m&#7897;t b&#7897; phim hay nghe m&#7897;t b&#224;i h&#225;t - n&#243; v&#7915;a th&#250; v&#7883;, v&#7915;a g&#226;y t&#242; m&#242; cho ch&#7881;nh b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh l&#224; t&#225;c gi&#7843;. D&#249; hay l&#234;n &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng kh&#225; k&#7929; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi vi&#7871;t, ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng s&#7869; tr&#244;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o.</p><p>Th&#7871; n&#234;n khi tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#8220;vi&#7879;c vi&#7871;t&#8221; xong, m&#236;nh l&#432;&#7901;i xem l&#7841;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. M&#236;nh tr&#7897;m ngh&#297; m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i c&#7911;a m&#236;nh c&#361;ng s&#7869; c&#243; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ri&#234;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885; - c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; r&#7845;t r&#7845;t kh&#225;c v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng g&#236; m&#236;nh c&#243;, ngh&#297;, hay vi&#7871;t. H&#7885; s&#7869; hi&#7875;u, di&#7877;n d&#7883;ch, h&#7913;ng th&#250; hay b&#7921;c d&#7885;c (v&#236; th&#7845;y l&#7895;i ch&#237;nh t&#7843;) theo c&#225;ch c&#7911;a h&#7885;. </p><p>C&#243; th&#7875; m&#7897;t ng&#224;y n&#224;o &#273;&#243; m&#236;nh s&#7869; moi nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#273;&#227; vi&#7871;t ra &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i. Nh&#432;ng khi &#7845;y m&#236;nh ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n &#273;&#227; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c, v&#224; l&#250;c &#273;&#243; s&#7869; l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m kh&#225;c. </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tìm research interest đâu ra?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t trong c&#225;c l&#7899;p Research Methods hay trong c&#225;c d&#7883;p h&#7895; tr&#7907; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/tim-research-interest-au-ra</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/tim-research-interest-au-ra</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 12:09:46 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t trong c&#225;c l&#7899;p Research Methods hay trong c&#225;c d&#7883;p h&#7895; tr&#7907; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u. &#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i kh&#243; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i nh&#7845;t, v&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i chu&#7849;n cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i, b&#7903;i ch&#7863;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho m&#236;nh &#8220;research interest&#8221; (t&#7841;m d&#7883;ch l&#224; m&#7843;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#432;a th&#237;ch) &#273;&#7873;u r&#7845;t kh&#225;c nhau.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gx5t!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa11a0e70-1da1-43bc-9130-39235b846e83_1546x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Khi nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y, m&#236;nh hay h&#7887;i l&#7841;i l&#224;: &#8220;B&#7841;n hi&#7875;u research interest l&#224; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?&#8221; v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; h&#7887;i l&#7841;i s&#7869; kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#7909; th&#7875;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a hay ph&#7843;n t&#432; &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u th&#7921;c s&#7921; b&#7843;n th&#226;n mu&#7889;n g&#236;. C&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n hi&#7875;u research interest l&#224; nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p h&#7885; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n (x&#7883;n); c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7841;i cho r&#7857;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; th&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m h&#7885; th&#7887;a m&#227;n &#273;am m&#234; khoa h&#7885;c; ho&#7863;c c&#361;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c cho r&#7857;ng research interest l&#224; th&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; theo &#273;u&#7893;i l&#226;u d&#224;i. Trong th&#7921;c t&#7871;, &#273;a s&#7889; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7869; ch&#7885;n c&#7843; ba. N&#243;i &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, research interest hay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; m&#7843;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i l&#224;m v&#7915;a vui, v&#7915;a hay, v&#7915;a xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, v&#224; l&#226;u l&#7895;i th&#7901;i - t&#7913;c l&#224; ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#8220;ngon - b&#7893; - r&#7867;&#8221;.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u b&#7845;t kh&#7843; thi, tuy v&#7853;y n&#243; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng, &#273;&#244;i khi c&#243; th&#234;m s&#7921; th&#7887;a hi&#7879;p, v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n l&#224; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u c&#244;ng s&#7913;c. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t nh&#7887; n&#224;y r&#250;t ra t&#7915; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, c&#7897;ng v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c tham kh&#7843;o m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7841;n b&#232; v&#224; ngu&#7891;n khoa h&#7885;c. M&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch l&#224; g&#7907;i &#253; m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#225;ch m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c research interest &#8220;ngon, b&#7893;, r&#7867;&#8221;.</p><h3>1. H&#7907;p th&#7901;i v&#224; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</h3><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t th&#7921;c t&#7871; l&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#225;i g&#236; b&#7841;n th&#237;ch c&#361;ng xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n/c&#244;ng b&#7889; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. C&#225;c nh&#224; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#7873;u b&#7883; &#225;p l&#7921;c ph&#7843;i &#8220;b&#225;n&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;o - doanh thu s&#7889;ng c&#242;n c&#7911;a h&#7885;. Ngay c&#7843; v&#7899;i t&#7841;p ch&#237; n&#417;i m&#236;nh tham gia bi&#234;n t&#7853;p, d&#249; l&#224; <em>open access</em> (t&#7913;c l&#224; &#273;&#7897;c gi&#7843; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; &#273;&#7891;ng ph&#237; n&#224;o), th&#236; s&#7889; l&#7847;n &#273;&#7885;c v&#224; t&#7843;i c&#361;ng l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ti&#234;u ch&#237; quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;em ra th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n m&#7895;i l&#7847;n h&#7885;p. H&#227;y t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng vi&#7879;c n&#224;y gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; b&#7841;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh h&#7885;c ch&#417;i m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i nh&#7841;c c&#7909; &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n. C&#226;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7863;t ra l&#224;: &#8220;C&#243; kh&#225;n gi&#7843; cho lo&#7841;i nh&#7841;c c&#7909; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng?&#8221;.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i quan tr&#7885;ng trong m&#7897;t ng&#224;nh lu&#244;n v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng, ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; thay &#273;&#7893;i; vi&#7879;c n&#7855;m b&#7855;t nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ta n&#243;i t&#7899;i l&#224; v&#244; c&#249;ng quan tr&#7885;ng. C&#243; nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i &#273;&#227; &#8220;l&#7895;i th&#7901;i&#8221; v&#224; bi&#234;n t&#7853;p vi&#234;n s&#7869; th&#7859;ng tay &#8220;desk reject&#8221; ngay t&#7915; khi l&#432;&#7899;t qua <em>title</em> (ti&#234;u &#273;&#7873;) hay <em>abstract</em> (t&#243;m t&#7855;t). N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#7875; &#253; s&#7869; th&#7845;y ng&#224;y nay &#237;t b&#224;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u m&#7899;i xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n c&#242;n l&#224;m v&#7873; d&#7841;y k&#7929; n&#259;ng ng&#244;n ng&#7919; &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n hay th&#7921;c nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n m&#224; kh&#244;ng k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i t&#226;m l&#253;, c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, v&#259;n h&#243;a hay th&#7847;n kinh.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh <em>trends</em> (xu h&#432;&#7899;ng) trong ng&#224;nh, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c sau &#273;&#226;y:</p><ul><li><p><strong>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7843;ng l&#7899;n m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n theo &#273;u&#7893;i:</strong> B&#7841;n h&#7913;ng th&#250; v&#7873; k&#7929; n&#259;ng, t&#226;m l&#253; gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh/tri nh&#7853;n, v&#259;n h&#243;a, &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o gi&#225;o vi&#234;n hay ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch? B&#7841;n th&#237;ch l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i h&#7885;c sinh, gi&#225;o vi&#234;n, qu&#7843;n l&#253; hay ph&#7909; huynh? L&#224;m r&#245; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n b&#7899;t m&#244;ng lung h&#417;n trong &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng cho m&#7843;ng nh&#7887;. Gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7841;n th&#237;ch ch&#417;i &#273;&#224;n d&#226;y, &#273;&#224;n ph&#237;m hay nh&#7841;c c&#7909; th&#7893;i v&#7853;y.</p></li><li><p><strong>T&#236;m &#273;&#7885;c nh&#7919;ng t&#224;i li&#7879;u hay t&#7841;p ch&#237; trong ng&#224;nh:</strong> H&#227;y ch&#7883;u kh&#243; th&#7889;ng k&#234; xem nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i m&#224; h&#7885; &#273;&#259;ng trong 5 n&#259;m g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; g&#236;. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o danh s&#225;ch t&#7841;p ch&#237; qua h&#7879; th&#7889;ng <a href="https://www.scimagojr.com/">Scimago</a>. B&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch <em><a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-79143-8">Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics: A Reference Guide</a></em> - n&#417;i th&#7889;ng k&#234; l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i v&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u quan tr&#7885;ng trong ng&#224;nh.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#272;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng ti&#234;u ch&#237; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n:</strong> H&#227;y xem danh s&#225;ch n&#224;y nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#8220;c&#243; th&#7875; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n&#8221;. &#272;&#226;y s&#7869; l&#224; s&#7921; nh&#432;&#7907;ng b&#7897; v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#236; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai c&#361;ng th&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; &#8220;trendy&#8221;. Tuy v&#7853;y, n&#7871;u mu&#7889;n c&#244;ng b&#7889; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#236; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; s&#7921; &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7893;i c&#243; th&#7875; c&#226;n nh&#7855;c.</p></li></ul><h3>2. C&#243; th&#7875; theo &#273;u&#7893;i l&#226;u d&#224;i</h3><p>Sau khi c&#243; m&#7897;t danh s&#225;ch nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quan t&#226;m, vi&#7879;c ti&#7871;p theo l&#224; t&#7921; qu&#225;n chi&#7871;u b&#7843;n th&#226;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng theo &#273;u&#7893;i l&#226;u d&#224;i. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; s&#7921; y&#234;u th&#237;ch c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh cho m&#7897;t &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh, m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n s&#226;u, r&#7897;ng v&#224; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i li&#234;n quan.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7921; h&#7887;i b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#226;u h&#7887;i sau &#273;&#226;y:</p><ul><li><p>Khi &#273;&#7885;c qua <em>title</em> v&#224; <em>abstract</em> c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i b&#225;o &#7903; m&#7897;t t&#7841;p ch&#237; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh, nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i n&#224;o gi&#7919; b&#7841;n l&#7841;i l&#226;u nh&#7845;t? M&#7843;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; g&#236;? L&#253; do v&#236; sao b&#7841;n ch&#250; t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n ch&#250;ng nhi&#7873;u?</p></li><li><p>H&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o <em>reference list</em> (danh m&#7909;c tham kh&#7843;o) c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i n&#224;y, t&#236;m &#273;&#7885;c nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i quan tr&#7885;ng c&#249;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bao nhi&#234;u b&#224;i m&#224; v&#7851;n duy tr&#236; h&#7913;ng th&#250;? Tr&#234;n hay d&#432;&#7899;i 20 b&#224;i?</p></li><li><p>M&#7843;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i n&#224;y c&#243; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p t&#7899;i c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng, &#273;ang hay s&#7855;p l&#224;m kh&#244;ng? N&#7871;u c&#243; th&#236; &#7903; nh&#7919;ng kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh n&#224;o? &#7902; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; bao nhi&#234;u?</p></li><li><p>N&#7871;u &#273;i s&#226;u v&#224;o m&#7843;ng n&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng v&#224;/ho&#7863;c m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; &#273;&#7875; thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u (<em>data</em>) kh&#244;ng?</p></li></ul><p>Sau khi tr&#7843; l&#7901;i xong nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#7903; tr&#234;n &#273;&#7875; xem nh&#7919;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng. B&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7885;n ra m&#7897;t b&#224;i b&#225;o v&#7899;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n l&#7863;p l&#7841;i (<em>replicate</em>) nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#243; trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n. H&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ki&#7875;m tra &#273;&#7897; h&#7913;ng th&#250; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n v&#7899;i &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i m&#224; c&#242;n v&#7899;i to&#224;n b&#7897; quy tr&#236;nh l&#224;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3VzR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3VzR!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3VzR!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3VzR!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3VzR!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3VzR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3VzR!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3VzR!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3VzR!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2155b79a-abc9-4330-af74-8b7e76a917fa_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3. M&#7897;t s&#7889; hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m v&#7873; research interest</h3><p><strong>3.1 Research interest c&#243; s&#7861;n v&#224; b&#7841;n ch&#7881; c&#7847;n t&#236;m ra l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</strong> </p><p>Vi&#7879;c ngh&#297; research interest c&#243; s&#7861;n, n&#7857;m &#7903; m&#7897;t g&#243;c n&#224;o &#273;&#243; ch&#7901; b&#7841;n &#273;&#7871;n t&#236;m c&#361;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; cho r&#7857;ng tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i n&#224;y c&#243; m&#7897;t t&#236;nh y&#234;u &#273;&#237;ch th&#7921;c mang t&#237;nh &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7879;nh &#273;ang ch&#7901; b&#7841;n &#273;&#7871;n ch&#7885;n: n&#243; phi th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#224; c&#243; ph&#7847;n m&#417; m&#7897;ng. T&#236;m research interest l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh li&#234;n t&#7909;c soi chi&#7871;u b&#7843;n th&#226;n c&#361;ng nh&#432; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#244;ng tin, t&#224;i li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#224; c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng. N&#243; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i suy ngh&#297; th&#7845;u &#273;&#225;o v&#224; hi&#7875;u r&#245; ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh.</p><p><strong>3.2 Research interest kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng.</strong> </p><p>Gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; b&#7845;t k&#7923; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i, bao g&#7891;m k&#7929; n&#259;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7841;c c&#7909; hay t&#236;nh y&#234;u, research interest c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#224; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i. B&#7841;n s&#7869; ph&#7843;i li&#234;n t&#7909;c h&#7885;c h&#7887;i &#273;&#7875; duy tr&#236; c&#361;ng nh&#432; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7843;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. C&#225;ch t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; g&#7855;n n&#243; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng nhu c&#7847;u th&#7921;c t&#7871;, c&#361;ng nh&#432; l&#234;n k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch &#273;&#7875; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng th&#224;nh t&#7921;u d&#249; ng&#7855;n hay d&#224;i h&#7841;n. V&#237; d&#7909;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tu&#7847;n t&#7921; c&#244;ng b&#7889; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; nh&#7919;ng d&#7921; &#225;n nh&#7887; &#7903; c&#225;c h&#7897;i th&#7843;o c&#7845;p qu&#7889;c gia, khu v&#7921;c hay qu&#7889;c t&#7871; l&#224;m n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng &#273;&#7875; vi&#7871;t b&#225;o khoa h&#7885;c. B&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; tham gia c&#225;c bu&#7893;i th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n chuy&#234;n &#273;&#7873;, workshop hay c&#225;c c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n chuy&#234;n m&#244;n.</p><p><strong>3.3 Research interest t&#7891;n t&#7841;i b&#7845;t bi&#7871;n.</strong> </p><p>Nhi&#7873;u b&#7841;n sau khi b&#7887; nhi&#7873;u c&#244;ng s&#7913;c cho m&#7897;t m&#7843;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a c&#243; th&#224;nh t&#7921;u &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; l&#7841;i ng&#7841;i thay &#273;&#7893;i hay k&#7871;t h&#7907;p m&#7843;ng kh&#225;c. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; v&#7915;a &#273;&#250;ng v&#7915;a sai. C&#7909; th&#7875;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;ang &#273;i theo m&#7897;t h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#7895;i th&#7901;i hay hi&#7875;u sai m&#7897;t s&#7889; kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m quan tr&#7885;ng. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7841;n ch&#432;a c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch. Nh&#432;ng &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; h&#227;y cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7903; r&#7897;ng v&#224; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;ng kh&#225;c. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nh&#7853;n ra m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#8220;l&#7841;c&#8221; &#7903; &#273;&#226;u; b&#7903;i khi &#273;&#7885;c r&#7897;ng ra, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; d&#7883;p quan s&#225;t &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i m&#236;nh &#273;ang theo &#273;u&#7893;i &#7903; g&#243;c nh&#236;n bao qu&#225;t h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u.</p><p><strong>3.4 Ai c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7881; d&#7851;n cho b&#7841;n v&#7873; research interest.</strong> </p><p>M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng c&#249;ng l&#297;nh v&#7921;c c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u m&#7897;t m&#7843;ng &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o. M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i chuy&#234;n v&#7873; k&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u t&#7841;i sao ph&#7843;i t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; <em>sexuality</em> (t&#237;nh d&#7909;c) hay <em>identity</em> (b&#7843;n d&#7841;ng/danh t&#237;nh) trong gi&#225;o d&#7909;c; ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i chuy&#234;n v&#7873; ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7843;m x&#250;c l&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng. Do &#273;&#243;, n&#7871;u ph&#7843;i h&#7887;i, h&#227;y t&#236;m nh&#7919;ng chuy&#234;n gia trong &#273;&#250;ng m&#7843;ng b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n theo &#273;u&#7893;i &#273;&#7875; trao &#273;&#7893;i th&#244;ng tin.</p><p><strong>T&#243;m l&#7841;i</strong>, qu&#225; tr&#236;nh t&#236;m ra research interest kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7859;ng, c&#224;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; tr&#242; ch&#417;i &#8220;x&#233; t&#250;i m&#249;&#8221;. Quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7851;n l&#224; b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh l&#224; ai, bi&#7871;t g&#236;, c&#7847;n g&#236; v&#224; mu&#7889;n g&#236;.</p><p>Ch&#250;c c&#225;c b&#7841;n th&#224;nh c&#244;ng!</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Những câu chuyện ngày Tết]]></title><description><![CDATA[H&#7891;i c&#242;n &#273;i d&#7841;y ph&#7893; th&#244;ng, m&#7895;i &#273;&#7907;t T&#7871;t m&#236;nh ti&#7871;p c&#7905; 300 kh&#225;ch h&#7885;c tr&#242;.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/nhung-cau-chuyen-ngay-tet</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/nhung-cau-chuyen-ngay-tet</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2026 14:30:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1073486,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://vutranthanh.substack.com/i/188489190?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMS6!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b20c1c0-0928-4503-a6d9-087f8eeb81b6_1546x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#7891;i c&#242;n &#273;i d&#7841;y ph&#7893; th&#244;ng, m&#7895;i &#273;&#7907;t T&#7871;t m&#236;nh ti&#7871;p c&#7905; 300 kh&#225;ch h&#7885;c tr&#242;. Th&#7921;c ra m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;m kh&#225;ch, m&#224; &#273;&#7871;m s&#7889; ti&#7873;n m&#7899;i c&#242;n l&#7841;i sau khi l&#236; x&#236; l&#224; bi&#7871;t. Sau m&#7897;t &#273;&#7907;t T&#7871;t v&#7853;y m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7909;t &#273;i v&#224;i k&#237; l&#244;; nh&#432;ng m&#224; khi &#7845;y ham l&#7855;m. M&#236;nh mua s&#7855;m b&#225;nh k&#7865;o, n&#432;&#7899;c n&#244;i, th&#7913;c &#259;n nh&#432; tr&#7919; cho m&#249;a l&#7909;t; &#259;n u&#7889;ng n&#7845;u n&#432;&#7899;ng linh &#273;&#236;nh.</p><p>Sau n&#224;y khi m&#236;nh ngh&#7881; d&#7841;y v&#224; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#8230; c&#243; tu&#7893;i, s&#7889; h&#7885;c sinh gh&#233; m&#236;nh c&#361;ng gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n; m&#236;nh c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;m n&#7919;a. Ph&#7847;n v&#236; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u em &#273;&#227; c&#243; gia &#273;&#236;nh, n&#234;n th&#234;m ph&#7847;n tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m; c&#243; em l&#226;u ng&#224;y kh&#244;ng li&#234;n l&#7841;c, n&#234;n c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n (mu&#7889;n) gh&#233;. C&#243; nhi&#7873;u khi c&#225;c b&#7841;n ngh&#7881; ch&#417;i nhau/m&#236;nh, n&#234;n c&#361;ng ng&#7841;i kh&#244;ng gh&#233;.</p><p>C&#361;ng nh&#7901; v&#7853;y m&#224; m&#236;nh c&#243; d&#7883;p quan s&#225;t, ghi nh&#7853;n nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ng&#224;y T&#7871;t c&#361;ng nh&#432; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#249;ng ng&#7891;i l&#7841;i v&#7899;i nhau, k&#7875; v&#7873; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c, cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng, t&#236;nh duy&#234;n, v&#224; d&#7921; &#273;&#7883;nh. Th&#7921;c ra gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i quen bi&#7871;t &#237;t c&#243; d&#7883;p g&#7863;p m&#7863;t, ki&#7875;u g&#236; c&#361;ng s&#7869; h&#7887;i nhau d&#7841;o n&#224;y l&#224;m &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, c&#243; gia &#273;&#236;nh ch&#432;a, khi n&#224;o &#273;&#7867; th&#234;m &#273;&#7913;a n&#7919;a &#8230; - Tuy &#273;&#250;ng l&#224; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u khi nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y h&#224;m l&#253; t&#7885;c m&#7841;ch, so s&#225;nh, khoe m&#7869;, nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng nhi&#7873;u l&#250;c l&#7841;i l&#224; c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t v&#7873; cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a nhau. Ch&#7913; n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng th&#236; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t n&#243;i g&#236;.</p><p>Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i cho r&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#193; &#272;&#244;ng v&#7889;n ph&#7843;i s&#7889;ng &#273;o&#224;n k&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; tr&#7883; th&#7911;y v&#224; &#273;&#7889;i ph&#243; v&#7899;i thi&#234;n nhi&#234;n, th&#7871; n&#234;n t&#237;nh c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ph&#7843;i cao; v&#224; h&#7885; ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t v&#7873; cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a nhau. L&#226;u d&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t n&#233;t v&#259;n h&#243;a, v&#236; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t nhau s&#7889;ng th&#7871; n&#224;o th&#236; kh&#244;ng h&#7895; tr&#7907; nhau &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Tuy v&#7853;y, khi cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i T&#226;y/c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a, th&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#7841;i khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ta kh&#243; ch&#7883;u. Th&#7913; n&#7919;a, n&#7871;u m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; tr&#7843;i qua m&#7897;t n&#259;m th&#224;nh c&#244;ng v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7889;t, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; r&#7845;t tho&#7843;i m&#225;i khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7887;i; c&#242;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#7871;u &#273;ang ph&#7843;i c&#243; nhi&#7873;u gian tru&#226;n v&#7845;t v&#7843;, th&#236; &#273;&#7845;y l&#7841;i l&#224; l&#250;c h&#7885; ph&#7843;i s&#7889;ng l&#7841;i s&#7921; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i, kh&#243; kh&#259;n - v&#224; c&#242;n b&#7883; so s&#225;nh v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#224;nh c&#244;ng. </p><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n h&#7885;c tr&#242; khi m&#236;nh h&#7887;i nay em l&#224;m g&#236;, b&#7841;n ng&#7853;p ng&#7915;ng &#237;t l&#226;u r&#7891;i n&#243;i, &#8220;D&#7841; nay em l&#224;m c&#244;ng nh&#226;n.&#8221; C&#243; l&#7869; b&#7841;n c&#361;ng h&#417;i ng&#7841;i, trong m&#7897;t nh&#243;m nh&#7919;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#8220;th&#224;nh c&#244;ng&#8221;, vi&#7879;c l&#224;m &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh. Th&#7921;c ra m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n b&#7841;n ngh&#297; v&#7853;y, n&#234;n c&#361;ng tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n t&#7921; nhi&#234;n v&#7873; quy tr&#236;nh c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c, x&#432;&#7903;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, v.v.v R&#7891;i c&#243; b&#7841;n gi&#7901; l&#224;m t&#224;i x&#7871; c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, hay ch&#7881; &#7903; nh&#224; ph&#7909; ba m&#7865; b&#225;n qu&#225;n t&#7841;p h&#243;a, th&#236; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#361;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;.</p><p>Th&#7921;c ra m&#236;nh c&#361;ng ch&#7881; quanh &#273;i qu&#7849;n l&#7841;i v&#224;i &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y; ch&#7881; l&#224; t&#236;m c&#225;ch h&#7887;i &#273;&#7875; h&#7885;c tr&#242; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y kh&#243; ch&#7883;u, &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u l&#224; s&#7921; quan t&#226;m, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#242; m&#242;, t&#7885;c m&#7841;ch. C&#243; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i, c&#249;ng l&#224; n&#7897;i dung, nh&#432;ng c&#225;ch h&#7887;i v&#224; nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin &#273;i k&#232;m s&#7869; cho th&#7845;y m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7887;i, nghe, hi&#7875;u, v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i. </p><p>&#272;&#244;i khi nh&#7919;ng cu&#7897;c tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n ng&#224;y T&#7871;t l&#224; c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i ta quan t&#226;m nhau, hay x&#226;y d&#7921;ng l&#7841;i m&#7897;t s&#7921; hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t cho s&#7907;i d&#226;y k&#7871;t n&#7889;i l&#226;u ng&#224;y &#273;&#227; b&#7883; bu&#244;ng l&#7887;ng. </p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Giãy cỏ mả]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nay l&#224; ng&#224;y t&#7843;o m&#7897; (m&#224; &#7903; m&#236;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i ta k&#234;u l&#224; &#8220;gi&#227;y c&#7887; m&#7843;&#8221;).]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/giay-co-ma</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/giay-co-ma</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2026 02:50:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGoL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ad0505b-ed27-4374-bfec-4968a26e3c31_1184x896.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGoL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ad0505b-ed27-4374-bfec-4968a26e3c31_1184x896.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGoL!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ad0505b-ed27-4374-bfec-4968a26e3c31_1184x896.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGoL!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ad0505b-ed27-4374-bfec-4968a26e3c31_1184x896.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGoL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ad0505b-ed27-4374-bfec-4968a26e3c31_1184x896.png" width="1184" height="896" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ad0505b-ed27-4374-bfec-4968a26e3c31_1184x896.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGoL!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ad0505b-ed27-4374-bfec-4968a26e3c31_1184x896.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGoL!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ad0505b-ed27-4374-bfec-4968a26e3c31_1184x896.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGoL!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ad0505b-ed27-4374-bfec-4968a26e3c31_1184x896.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nay l&#224; ng&#224;y t&#7843;o m&#7897; (m&#224; &#7903; m&#236;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i ta k&#234;u l&#224; &#8220;gi&#227;y c&#7887; m&#7843;&#8221;). X&#243;m m&#236;nh &#7903; s&#225;t b&#234;n c&#225;i ngh&#297;a &#273;&#7883;a l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t v&#249;ng n&#234;n d&#7883;p n&#224;y c&#7843; x&#243;m &#273;&#7873;u nh&#7897;n nh&#7883;p, b&#224; con ai n&#7845;y tranh th&#7911; k&#233;o b&#244;ng T&#7871;t v&#7873; b&#225;n. C&#225;i ngh&#297;a &#273;&#7883;a n&#224;y kh&#225; r&#7897;ng, v&#7889;n l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#7841;t r&#7915;ng nho nh&#7887;. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh c&#243; m&#7897;t khu c&#7911;a d&#242;ng h&#7885; V&#245; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#225;t g&#7841;ch v&#224; qu&#226;y r&#224;o &#273;&#224;ng ho&#224;ng, n&#234;n d&#226;n trong v&#249;ng quen g&#7885;i c&#7843; khu l&#224; &#272;&#7891;ng V&#245;. Ng&#224;y x&#432;a m&#7891; m&#7843; c&#242;n th&#432;a, c&#226;y c&#7889;i v&#224; m&#7891; m&#7843; xen l&#7851;n nhau; b&#226;y gi&#7901; &#273;&#7845;t ch&#7853;t &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i&#8221; &#273;&#244;ng, n&#234;n n&#243; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n m&#7845;y c&#226;y c&#7889;i.</p><p>M&#7891; m&#7843; d&#242;ng h&#7885; m&#236;nh &#273;&#7873;u &#7903; &#273;&#226;y, t&#7915; c&#225;i th&#7901;i c&#242;n ghi ch&#7919; N&#244;m, nghe &#273;&#226;u l&#224; t&#7915; th&#7901;i &#244;ng n&#7897;i c&#7911;a &#244;ng n&#7897;i m&#236;nh. Trong x&#227; c&#361;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t nh&#224; th&#7901; h&#7885; Tr&#7847;n m&#224; nghe ba k&#7875; l&#224; c&#7911;a hai anh em ng&#432;&#7901;i Nam &#272;&#7883;nh v&#224;o Nam l&#7853;p nghi&#7879;p, t&#237;nh t&#7899;i b&#226;y gi&#7901; c&#361;ng h&#417;n hai, ba tr&#259;m n&#259;m g&#236; &#273;&#243;. H&#7891;i c&#242;n nh&#7887; m&#236;nh hay nghe m&#7845;y &#244;ng b&#224; l&#7899;n ng&#7891;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n gi&#224;nh nhau coi mai m&#7889;t &#273;i r&#7891;i th&#236; ai n&#7857;m ch&#7895; n&#224;o, ai n&#7857;m k&#7871; ai; y chang nh&#432; m&#7845;y &#273;&#7913;a con n&#237;t l&#234;n k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch &#273;i du l&#7883;ch gi&#224;nh ph&#242;ng kh&#225;ch s&#7841;n. N&#243;i v&#7853;y ch&#7913; c&#361;ng &#273;&#226;u ai quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i sau; b&#226;y gi&#7901; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ch&#7895; &#273;&#7875; m&#224; n&#7857;m.</p><p>S&#225;ng nay m&#236;nh v&#224; th&#7857;ng em con ch&#250; T&#225;m l&#234;n d&#7885;n m&#7843; &#244;ng b&#224; n&#7897;i v&#224; c&#244; N&#259;m. L&#226;u l&#226;u m&#7899;i c&#243; m&#7897;t d&#7883;p &#273;i&#8230; nh&#236;n b&#224; con d&#242;ng h&#7885;. Hai th&#7857;ng, m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a &#259;n no &#273;i l&#244;ng b&#244;ng kh&#244;ng &#7903; nh&#224;, &#273;&#7913;a c&#242;n l&#7841;i h&#7891;i &#244;ng n&#7897;i m&#7845;t n&#243; m&#7899;i &#237;t tu&#7893;i, gi&#7901; nhi&#7873;u khi n&#243; c&#242;n kh&#244;ng nh&#7899; m&#7863;t &#244;ng n&#7897;i ra sao. M&#236;nh quan s&#225;t th&#7845;y c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i tranh th&#7911; ch&#7841;y l&#234;n d&#7885;n nhanh c&#242;n v&#7873; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#226;n d&#7883;p n&#224;y d&#7841;y con ch&#225;u v&#7873; truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng gia &#273;&#236;nh v&#224; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; d&#242;ng h&#7885;. C&#243; nh&#7919;ng ng&#244;i m&#7897; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng to &#273;&#7865;p, ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n, c&#361;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng m&#7897; ch&#7855;c nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m r&#7891;i kh&#244;ng ai th&#259;m vi&#7871;ng, nh&#236;n h&#417;i&#8230; t&#7843; t&#417;i. D&#249; v&#7853;y, m&#7897; n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7885;n d&#7865;p, nh&#7893; c&#7887;, qu&#233;t d&#7885;n - d&#249; l&#7841; hay quen. M&#236;nh v&#224; &#273;&#7913;a em c&#7847;m b&#243; nhang &#273;i c&#7855;m kh&#7855;p c&#225;c m&#7843; xung quanh, gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; &#273;i th&#432;a &#244;ng b&#224; t&#7893; ti&#234;n - d&#249; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; d&#242;ng h&#7885; hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p>Nhi&#7873;u khi m&#7897;t ng&#244;i m&#7843; ng&#224;y t&#7843;o m&#7897; n&#243;i nhi&#7873;u v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng h&#417;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#7857;m &#273;&#243;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA["Tụi mình biết gì về nhau?"]]></title><description><![CDATA[Cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t t&#7845;m th&#7843;m th&#234;u (tapestry) m&#224; trong &#273;&#243; c&#225;c m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; x&#227; h&#7897;i &#273;an d&#7879;t ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p v&#7899;i nhau, s&#7907;i n&#7893;i, s&#7907;i ch&#236;m, s&#7907;i d&#224;y, s&#7907;i m&#7887;ng.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/tui-minh-biet-gi-ve-nhau</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/tui-minh-biet-gi-ve-nhau</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2026 03:25:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg" width="1456" height="1092" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8tjH!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F173661df-fe40-473a-a835-24ce4a1356c5_2062x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t t&#7845;m th&#7843;m th&#234;u (tapestry) m&#224; trong &#273;&#243; c&#225;c m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; x&#227; h&#7897;i &#273;an d&#7879;t ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p v&#7899;i nhau, s&#7907;i n&#7893;i, s&#7907;i ch&#236;m, s&#7907;i d&#224;y, s&#7907;i m&#7887;ng. Tuy v&#7853;y, kh&#225;c v&#7899;i m&#7897;t t&#7845;m th&#7843;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thu&#234; d&#7879;t v&#7899;i m&#224;u s&#7855;c v&#224; h&#7885;a ti&#7871;t &#273;&#7865;p m&#7855;t, nh&#7919;ng s&#7907;i ch&#7881; quan h&#7879; trong cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u, b&#7903;i ch&#250;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7873;u hay r&#245; r&#224;ng; v&#224; &#273;&#244;i khi ng&#432;&#7901;i ta kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t v&#224; &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o cho &#273;&#250;ng.</p><p>Th&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; s&#7869; mang t&#237;nh hai chi&#7873;u, khi ng&#432;&#7901;i ta th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u, bao dung, th&#244;ng c&#7843;m, v&#224; nh&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7883;n nhau; m&#224; n&#243;i theo Thi&#7873;n s&#432; Th&#237;ch Nh&#7845;t H&#7841;nh th&#236; nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y b&#236;nh an trong c&#225;ch m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; l&#224; understanding, insight, compassion, and mindful action. Trong m&#7889;i quan h&#7879;, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta th&#7845;u c&#7843;m, n&#226;ng &#273;&#7905;, d&#236;u d&#7855;t nhau - chia s&#7867; nh&#7919;ng nhu c&#7847;u v&#7853;t ch&#7845;t, c&#7843;m x&#250;c, t&#226;m linh, hay tr&#237; tu&#7879;. </p><p>M&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; &#8220;kh&#244;ng &#7893;n&#8221; l&#224; khi ng&#432;&#7901;i ta ch&#7881; c&#243; nhu c&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia s&#7867; m&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#232;m t&#236;m hi&#7875;u hay chia s&#7867; v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c (hay ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i n&#7871;u m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7881; mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u). Khi m&#7897;t trong hai b&#234;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y c&#7841;n ki&#7879;t n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#236; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; tan r&#227;.</p><p>Khi ph&#7843;i c&#226;n nh&#7855;c m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879;, m&#236;nh hay ch&#417;i tr&#242; &#8220;<em>T&#7909;i m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t g&#236; v&#7873; nhau?</em>&#8221; &#272;&#7841;i kh&#225;i l&#224; m&#236;nh v&#224; &#8220;ai &#273;&#243;&#8221; s&#7869; l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;t li&#7879;t k&#234; 10 &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7873; &#273;&#7889;i ph&#432;&#417;ng. H&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng n&#224;y minh h&#7885;a cho t&#7847;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n trong x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7889;i quan h&#7879;, t&#7913;c l&#224; th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u. Th&#7921;c ra 10 ch&#7881; l&#224; con s&#7889; m&#236;nh ch&#7885;n b&#7915;a v&#7873; m&#7863;t l&#432;&#7907;ng, ch&#7913; ch&#7845;t m&#7899;i l&#224; c&#225;i quan tr&#7885;ng. Nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#243;i ra ch&#7913;ng minh l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#243; hi&#7875;u (&#273;&#250;ng) v&#7873; nhau kh&#244;ng. &#272;&#7841;i kh&#225;i l&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; bi&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ta mong mu&#7889;n &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;, tr&#7843;i qua nh&#7919;ng g&#236;, c&#7847;n l&#224;m g&#236;, hay &#273;ang c&#243; kh&#243; kh&#259;n g&#236; kh&#244;ng. Hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#7873; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i lu&#244;n &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i s&#7921; l&#7855;ng nghe, th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u, v&#224; c&#7843;m th&#244;ng. </p><p>C&#243; th&#7875; s&#7921; r&#7841;ch r&#242;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng h&#7859;n l&#224; t&#7889;t, nh&#432;ng n&#243; th&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#250;p m&#236;nh ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng (bao g&#7891;m c&#7843; th&#7901;i gian, v&#224; c&#7843;m x&#250;c) v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; m&#224; ch&#7859;ng ai hi&#7875;u ai. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t g&#236; v&#7873; t&#244;i (v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#244;i c&#361;ng v&#7853;y v&#7899;i b&#7841;n), th&#236; c&#243; l&#7869; ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; n&#417;i ch&#250;ng ta ch&#7881; &#273;ang trao &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;i m&#236;nh c&#243; v&#224; c&#225;i m&#236;nh c&#7847;n. Khi n&#224;o h&#7871;t nhu c&#7847;u, giao d&#7883;ch k&#7871;t th&#250;c, th&#236; ch&#250;ng ta c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n nhau n&#7919;a. </p><p>M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ngh&#297; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; giao d&#7883;ch l&#224; x&#7845;u, tuy nhi&#234;n, khi x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; r&#224;ng ta l&#224; ai, ta &#273;ang mu&#7889;n giao d&#7883;ch c&#225;i g&#236;. Khi tr&#225;nh t&#7921; m&#236;nh &#273;&#225;nh tr&#225;o kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m v&#224; th&#7887;a m&#227;n c&#7843;m x&#250;c nh&#7845;t th&#7901;i b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c g&#7855;n cho m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; m&#7897;t c&#225;i t&#234;n v&#7889;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7911;a n&#243;, ta t&#7921; nhi&#234;n th&#7845;y m&#236;nh tho&#7843;i m&#225;i h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u. </p><p>Cho n&#234;n, khi ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i, m&#236;nh v&#7851;n hay t&#7921; ngh&#297;, &#8220;M&#236;nh bi&#7871;t g&#236; v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta m&#224; m&#236;nh l&#7841;i n&#243;i (hay h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng) v&#7853;y?</p><p><em>PS. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch ngh&#297; v&#224; h&#224;nh x&#7917; c&#225; nh&#226;n. M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#253; ph&#234; ph&#225;n b&#7845;t k&#236; ai.</em></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bạn có gì muốn góp ý?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Trong bu&#7893;i ra m&#7855;t quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch &#8220;Nh&#224; gi&#225;o tr&#7867; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ngh&#7873;&#8221; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#7903; H&#224; N&#7897;i, c&#243; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p tr&#7867; &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh d&#7841;y h&#7885;c n&#417;i b&#7841;n c&#244;ng t&#225;c.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/ban-co-gi-muon-gop-y</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/ban-co-gi-muon-gop-y</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 13:41:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Trong bu&#7893;i ra m&#7855;t quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch &#8220;<em><a href="https://shopee.vn/S%C3%A1ch-Nh%C3%A0-Gi%C3%A1o-Tr%E1%BA%BB-V%C3%A0-Nh%E1%BB%AFng-C%C3%A2u-Chuy%E1%BB%87n-Ngh%E1%BB%81-Iper-i.208116566.53601402497">Nh&#224; gi&#225;o tr&#7867; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ngh&#7873;</a></em>&#8221; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#7903; H&#224; N&#7897;i, c&#243; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p tr&#7867; &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh d&#7841;y h&#7885;c n&#417;i b&#7841;n c&#244;ng t&#225;c. &#272;&#7841;i kh&#225;i l&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i g&#243;p &#253; cho s&#7871;p nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_424, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qGiI!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7689c74c-0b9e-4892-98ed-039eb216f790_2748x1546.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong l&#250;c tr&#7843; l&#7901;i cho b&#7841;n, m&#236;nh k&#7875; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, v&#7873; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n gi&#225;o vi&#234;n tr&#7867; kh&#225;c c&#244;ng t&#225;c &#7903; m&#7897;t n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ta b&#7855;t b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i r&#259;m r&#7855;p l&#224;m theo gi&#225;o &#225;n so&#7841;n s&#7861;n v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#233;p s&#225;ng t&#7841;o b&#7845;t k&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;. Sau &#273;&#243; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh vi&#7871;t cho qu&#7843;n l&#253; m&#7897;t l&#225; th&#432; th&#7853;t d&#224;i, ph&#234; ph&#225;n s&#7921; sai l&#7847;m c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c h&#7841;n ch&#7871; s&#7913;c s&#225;ng t&#7841;o nh&#224; gi&#225;o .... v&#224; ngh&#7881; vi&#7879;c. </p><p>M&#236;nh c&#243; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch r&#7857;ng d&#432;&#7899;i g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a ch&#7911; trung t&#226;m, t&#7913;c l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m kinh doanh, h&#7885; ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; quy&#7873;n l&#224;m nh&#432; v&#7853;y. V&#236; suy cho c&#249;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; ti&#7873;n h&#7885; b&#7887; ra &#273;&#7875; g&#7847;y d&#7921;ng v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#417; s&#7903; v&#7853;t ch&#7845;t, &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; nh&#226;n s&#7921;, gi&#225;o &#225;n, ch&#432;a k&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n tuy&#7875;n sinh, ch&#259;m s&#243;c, h&#7853;u m&#227;i&#8230; B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; coi &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7845;t s&#7921; t&#7921; do s&#225;ng t&#7841;o m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#225;ng l&#7869; ph&#7843;i c&#243;, nh&#432;ng v&#7899;i h&#7885; &#273;&#243; l&#224; r&#7911;i ro ph&#7843;i qu&#7843;n l&#253;. N&#7871;u &#273;&#7875; gi&#225;o vi&#234;n (tr&#7867;) s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, h&#7885; s&#7869; ph&#7843;i ki&#7875;m tra &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o &#273;&#243; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; duy tr&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7885;c vi&#234;n, t&#7913;c l&#224; ti&#7873;n, c&#7911;a h&#7885;. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng s&#7861;n s&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n h&#7885; s&#7869; c&#7845;m b&#7841;n. </p><p>Quy l&#7841;i c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n gi&#225;o vi&#234;n &#7903; bu&#7893;i ra m&#7855;t s&#225;ch, kh&#244;ng nh&#7899; c&#7909; th&#7875; &#273;&#227; n&#243;i g&#236; v&#7899;i b&#7841;n, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7841;i kh&#225;i l&#224; h&#227;y nh&#236;n t&#7915; g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a qu&#7843;n l&#253; c&#225;i &#273;&#227;. C&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y m&#7845;y h&#244;m, b&#7841;n c&#243; g&#7863;p l&#7841;i m&#236;nh &#7903; S&#224;i G&#242;n v&#224; k&#7875; r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; l&#7921;a l&#7901;i g&#243;p &#253; v&#224; qu&#7843;n l&#253; c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; l&#7855;ng nghe v&#224; cho ph&#233;p b&#7841;n &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t thay &#273;&#7893;i.</p><p>Trong m&#7855;t m&#236;nh, b&#7841;n &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p tr&#7867; n&#224;y l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c, suy ngh&#297; th&#7845;u &#273;&#225;o, v&#224; r&#7845;t c&#243; &#243;c ph&#234; ph&#225;n. Qua c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n b&#7841;n k&#7875;, m&#236;nh hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; g&#243;p &#253; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch kh&#233;o l&#233;o v&#224; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng - v&#7899;i t&#432; c&#225;ch c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i mu&#7889;n c&#243; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y t&#7889;t h&#417;n, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i mu&#7889;n ch&#7913;ng t&#7887; b&#7843;n th&#226;n t&#224;i gi&#7887;i hay s&#225;ng t&#7841;o.</p><p>Qua c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y, b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh c&#361;ng nh&#7853;n ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n trang b&#7883; cho gi&#225;o vi&#234;n tr&#7867;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; c&#225;ch giao ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; khi th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n v&#7873; c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n. <em><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u th&#7913; nh&#7845;t</strong></em> l&#224; tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m giao ti&#7871;p: c&#225;i t&#244;i c&#7911;a nh&#224; gi&#225;o hay v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n? N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n ch&#7913;ng minh b&#7843;n th&#226;n &#273;&#250;ng hay l&#224; mu&#7889;n m&#7897;t n&#7897;i dung d&#7841;y h&#7885;c ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng? Hai &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y t&#432;&#7903;ng ch&#7915;ng gi&#7889;ng nhau nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c ra r&#7845;t kh&#225;c, b&#7903;i &#273;i&#7873;u sau &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i quan s&#225;t, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng, &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p, h&#7885;c tr&#242;, n&#7897;i dung gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y - qu&#225;n chi&#7871;u s&#226;u s&#7855;c r&#7891;i m&#7899;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. <em><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u th&#7913; hai</strong></em> l&#224; ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch n&#243;i ph&#249; h&#7907;p. &#8220;<em>Em th&#7845;y ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh l&#7899;p ABC kh&#244;ng hay</em>&#8221; r&#7845;t kh&#225;c v&#7899;i &#8220;<em>Anh/Ch&#7883;/Th&#7847;y/C&#244; &#417;i, em c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; suy ngh&#297; v&#7873; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh l&#7899;p ABC. Kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t em c&#243; th&#7875; chia s&#7867; v&#7899;i anh/ch&#7883;/th&#7847;y/c&#244; kh&#244;ng &#7841;?</em>&#8221; Kh&#244;ng ai mu&#7889;n nghe ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c n&#243;i m&#236;nh sai, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867;, &#237;t kinh nghi&#7879;m &#273;i ph&#234; ph&#225;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i nhi&#7873;u kinh nghi&#7879;m v&#224; l&#224;m qu&#7843;n l&#253;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, khi ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch n&#243;i b&#7841;n c&#243; suy ngh&#297; v&#224; mu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia s&#7867; v&#224; xin g&#243;p &#253;, th&#236; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;n l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#225;i &#273;&#7897; kh&#225;c.</p><p>Chuy&#7879;n tr&#234;n n&#224;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#253; do v&#236; sao m&#236;nh lu&#244;n mu&#7889;n tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n th&#234;m v&#7899;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i, nh&#7845;t l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#7841;n m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng c&#243; d&#7883;p g&#243;p &#253;. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; xem l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng, m&#224; l&#224; c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c l&#7841;i t&#7915; ch&#237;nh c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c b&#7841;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tiểu yêu quái núi Lãng Lãng: câu chuyện danh tính và quy chuẩn xã hội]]></title><description><![CDATA[H&#244;m qua m&#236;nh c&#243; d&#7883;p xem b&#7897; phim &#8220;Ti&#7875;u y&#234;u qu&#225;i n&#250;i L&#227;ng L&#227;ng,&#8221; v&#7899;i t&#7921;a ti&#7871;ng Anh l&#224; &#8220;Nobody.&#8221; B&#7897; phim n&#224;y &#273;ang n&#7893;i &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam nh&#7901; v&#224;o &#8220;t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c&#8221; gi&#7919;a website phim l&#7853;u Rophim v&#224; Lotte Cinema tr&#234;n Facebook; nh&#432;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; n&#243; c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; l&#224; m&#7897;t hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng ph&#242;ng v&#233; &#7903; Trung Qu&#7889;c.]]></description><link>https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/tieu-yeu-quai-nui-lang-lang-cau-chuyen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://vutranthanh.substack.com/p/tieu-yeu-quai-nui-lang-lang-cau-chuyen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Vu Tran-Thanh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 12:57:09 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkGs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f9fc75-be1f-4fd5-958e-bf743d914539_819x1024.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkGs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f9fc75-be1f-4fd5-958e-bf743d914539_819x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f9fc75-be1f-4fd5-958e-bf743d914539_819x1024.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkGs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f9fc75-be1f-4fd5-958e-bf743d914539_819x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkGs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f9fc75-be1f-4fd5-958e-bf743d914539_819x1024.jpeg" width="460" height="575.1404151404151" 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/__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f9fc75-be1f-4fd5-958e-bf743d914539_819x1024.jpeg 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkGs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_848, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f9fc75-be1f-4fd5-958e-bf743d914539_819x1024.jpeg 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkGs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f9fc75-be1f-4fd5-958e-bf743d914539_819x1024.jpeg 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkGs!, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/vutranthanh.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f9fc75-be1f-4fd5-958e-bf743d914539_819x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#244;m qua m&#236;nh c&#243; d&#7883;p xem b&#7897; phim &#8220;Ti&#7875;u y&#234;u qu&#225;i n&#250;i L&#227;ng L&#227;ng,&#8221; v&#7899;i t&#7921;a ti&#7871;ng Anh l&#224; &#8220;Nobody.&#8221; B&#7897; phim n&#224;y &#273;ang n&#7893;i &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam nh&#7901; v&#224;o &#8220;t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c&#8221; gi&#7919;a website phim l&#7853;u Rophim v&#224; Lotte Cinema tr&#234;n Facebook; nh&#432;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; n&#243; c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; l&#224; m&#7897;t hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng ph&#242;ng v&#233; &#7903; Trung Qu&#7889;c. </p><p>K&#7875; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t v&#224;i k&#7867; v&#244; danh tr&#234;n n&#7873;n huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i quen thu&#7897;c T&#226;y Du K&#253;, Ti&#7875;u y&#234;u qu&#225;i n&#250;i L&#227;ng L&#227;ng v&#7869; n&#234;n m&#7897;t b&#7913;c tranh quen thu&#7897;c: nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; b&#7883; g&#7841;t b&#234;n l&#7873; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m ch&#7895; &#273;&#7913;ng cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n gi&#7919;a cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i bao la. N&#7871;u t&#236;m ki&#7871;m m&#7897;t b&#7897; phim &#273;&#7847;y t&#236;nh ti&#7871;t b&#7845;t ng&#7901;, hay m&#7897;t b&#7897; phim h&#224;i c&#432;&#7901;i ra n&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t, hay m&#7897;t kh&#250;c ca kh&#7903;i ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng h&#7841;t c&#225;t &#7903; r&#236;a x&#227; h&#7897; th&#236; Ti&#7875;u y&#234;u qu&#225;i n&#250;i L&#227;ng L&#227;ng s&#7869; kh&#244;ng d&#224;nh cho b&#7841;n. </p><p>C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a b&#7897; phim kh&#244;ng m&#7899;i, b&#7903;i b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t g&#7863;p ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh v&#7899;i m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i &#8220;t&#7847;m th&#432;&#7901;ng&#8221; trong &#7845;y. Tuy v&#7853;y, Ti&#7875;u y&#234;u qu&#225;i n&#250;i L&#227;ng L&#227;ng l&#224;m m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c c&#7921;c k&#236; t&#225;o b&#7841;o, &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#273;&#432;a nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; v&#244; danh ti&#7875;u t&#7889;t l&#234;n l&#224;m nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh, h&#7841; b&#7889;n th&#7847;y tr&#242; &#272;&#432;&#7901;ng T&#259;ng huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i xu&#7889;ng l&#224;m nh&#226;n v&#7853;t n&#7873;n - v&#224; r&#7891;i k&#7875; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n v&#7915;a quen v&#7915;a l&#7841;. Quen &#7903; c&#225;i &#432;&#7899;c v&#7885;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7901;i nh&#7899; &#273;&#7871;n, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m &#273;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n; l&#7841; &#7903; ch&#7895; d&#225;m m&#7841;o danh (ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7855;t ch&#432;&#7899;c) nh&#7919;ng h&#236;nh t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#227; x&#225;c l&#7853;p trong v&#259;n h&#243;a. </p><div class="pullquote"><h3><em>H&#7885; n&#243;i y&#234;u qu&#225;i sinh ra &#273;&#227; l&#224; vai ph&#7843;n di&#7879;n, nh&#432;ng ta mu&#7889;n l&#224;m anh h&#249;ng c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh.</em></h3></div><p>Con ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i b&#7857;ng r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u danh t&#237;nh (identity), c&#243; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c l&#7853;p ngay t&#7915; khi sinh ra, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; &#8220;y&#234;u qu&#225;i&#8221; hay &#8220;th&#432;&#7907;ng l&#432;u,&#8221; v&#224; c&#361;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ta ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7845;u tranh &#273;&#7875; c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c (nh&#432; T&#244;n Ng&#7897; Kh&#244;ng t&#7915; y&#234;u qu&#225;i tu luy&#7879;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ti&#234;n, r&#7891;i th&#224;nh Ph&#7853;t.) M&#7895;i danh t&#237;nh g&#7855;n ta v&#7899;i m&#7897;t c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng (social group) v&#224; g&#225;n cho ta nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c t&#237;nh c&#7911;a nh&#243;m &#273;&#243;, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; y&#234;u qu&#225;i th&#236; ph&#7843;i x&#7845;u xa, &#259;n th&#7883;t ng&#432;&#7901;i. </p><p>C&#243; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7889;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y b&#7843;n th&#226;n &#8220;kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#236;nh&#8221; khi &#7903; trong m&#7897;t c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng n&#224;o &#273;&#243;, v&#224; t&#236;m c&#225;ch tho&#225;t ra, hay v&#432;&#7907;t l&#234;n s&#7889; ph&#7853;n, leo l&#234;n n&#7845;c thang cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i; t&#7915; &#8220;nobody&#8221; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#8220;somebody.&#8221; &#272;&#243; l&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n chung c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; c&#7911;a b&#7889;n con ti&#7875;u y&#234;u n&#250;i L&#227;ng L&#227;ng. Ai m&#224; kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n m&#7897;t l&#7847;n r&#7921;c r&#7905; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7901;i? </p><p>Th&#7871; nh&#432;ng, nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; r&#7921;c r&#7905;, h&#224;o nho&#225;ng, th&#224;nh c&#244;ng &#7845;y b&#7843;n th&#226;n ch&#250;ng c&#361;ng l&#224; quy chu&#7849;n x&#227; h&#7897;i - nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a cho cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i. B&#7845;t k&#236; khi n&#224;o x&#227; h&#7897;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#361;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m nh&#7919;ng c&#225; th&#7875; trong &#7845;y ph&#7843;i th&#232;m kh&#225;t, ph&#7843;i ganh t&#7925;, v&#224; r&#7891;i v&#7855;t ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c &#273;&#7875; &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#243;.</p><p>Xem phim, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta th&#7845;y m&#7897;t x&#227; h&#7897;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#7855;c h&#7885;a r&#7845;t ch&#226;n th&#7853;t, v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i sinh ra &#273;&#227; &#7903; v&#7841;ch &#273;&#237;ch, v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; &#8220;con &#244;ng ch&#225;u cha,&#8221; c&#243; g&#226;y l&#7895;i t&#224;y tr&#7901;i th&#236; c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7887; qua. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#361;ng th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; v&#244; danh ph&#7845;n &#273;&#7845;u c&#7843; &#273;&#7901;i c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng b&#7857;ng th&#7913; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c c&#243; s&#7861;n, th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng &#432;&#7899;c m&#417;, ho&#224;i b&#227;o c&#7913; th&#7871; b&#7883; v&#249;i d&#7853;p, tr&#244;i tu&#7897;t, th&#7845;y b&#7843;n th&#226;n b&#7883; qu&#7859;ng xu&#7889;ng &#273;&#225;y s&#226;u th&#259;m th&#7859;m, m&#7879;t nho&#224;i, b&#7845;t l&#7921;c. </p><p><em>B&#7841;n c&#243; tin r&#7857;ng trong ch&#250;ng ta ai c&#361;ng v&#7853;y, d&#249; b&#7841;n l&#224; ai kh&#244;ng-ai hay l&#224; ai-&#273;&#243;? </em></p><p>Heo tinh h&#7859;n nhi&#234;n l&#224; &#8220;nobody&#8221; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i x&#227; h&#7897;i, nh&#432;ng r&#245; r&#224;ng l&#224; &#8220;somebody&#8221; v&#7899;i cha m&#7865; v&#224; c&#225;c em h&#7855;n. &#272;&#7871;n cu&#7889;i phim, b&#7889;n con ti&#7875;u y&#234;u v&#7889;n l&#224; nobody tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i ch&#237;nh l&#224; somebody c&#7911;a nhau; v&#224; th&#7921;c ra nh&#7919;ng nh&#226;n v&#7853;t tai to m&#7863;t l&#7899;n trong phim, nh&#432; Ph&#7853;t Di L&#7863;c hay T&#244;n Ng&#7897; Kh&#244;ng, &#273;&#7873;u bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng.</p><p>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, ch&#250;ng c&#361;ng l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c c&#7843; b&#7885;n c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i l&#224;m: s&#7889;ng th&#7853;t r&#7921;c r&#245;. R&#245; r&#224;ng b&#7889;n con ti&#7875;u y&#234;u kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#273;i l&#227;nh ch&#226;n kinh, v&#236; ch&#250;ng kh&#244;ng s&#7861;n s&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c &#273;&#243;. Tuy v&#7853;y, kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng v&#244; &#237;ch. Suy cho c&#249;ng, r&#7921;c r&#7905; hay t&#7847;m th&#432;&#7901;ng, somebody hay nobody, l&#224; do c&#225;ch ta s&#7889;ng, quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ta &#273;&#432;a ra, con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ta l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n, v&#224; g&#243;c ta nh&#236;n cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng. </p><p>M&#236;nh xin m&#432;&#7907;n m&#7897;t c&#226;u n&#243;i trong phim &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t th&#250;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t, &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#8220;Kh&#244;ng l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tinh anh c&#7911;a &#272;&#7897;ng &#272;&#7841;i V&#432;&#417;ng, th&#236; h&#227;y l&#224;m nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i m&#236;nh.&#8221;</p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>