<script data-pm-proxy="intercept"></script><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></title><description><![CDATA[물리학자의 시선으로 읽는 기술의 본질 | 🌐 Aerospace Engineer]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tHbb!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fymkimphd.substack.com%2Fimg%2Fsubstack.png</url><title>김영민 (Young Min Kim)</title><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 23:59:21 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="/__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[ymkimphd@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[ymkimphd@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[ymkimphd@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[ymkimphd@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[The Days I Learned English Through a Single "View Original" Link]]></title><description><![CDATA[Analog Struggles with Foreign News, and the Quiet Nostalgia in the Age of AI]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/the-days-i-learned-english-through</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/the-days-i-learned-english-through</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 01:12:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f78eaad8-7f41-49a4-af35-796ba60c4975_281x198.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the early days of my life in the United States, the most daunting hurdle before me was the towering wall of English writing. Back in Korea, I was often considered quite proficient in English, but facing the real-world demands of a foreign land shattered that confidence completely. Writing technical documents day in and day out felt like an agonizing cycle of creation, and I was constantly searching for a way to break through that barrier.</p><p>Then one day, amidst the early rise of online news, I stumbled upon an unexpected path. Korean news sites frequently published translated versions of international news stories, and at the end of each article, there was almost always a small hyperlink: <strong>&#8220;View Original.&#8221;</strong> The moment I saw that link, a spark went off in my head. <em>&#8220;This is it.&#8221;</em></p><p>My self-styled learning loop was straightforward:</p><ol><li><p>Read the Korean translated article thoroughly.</p></li><li><p>Re-write the entire piece in English using solely my own vocabulary and grammar.</p></li><li><p>Click <strong>&#8220;View Original&#8221;</strong> to cross-examine my rough draft against the actual sentences written by a native journalist.</p></li></ol><p>There was no better answer key in the world.</p><p>Yet the process was far from easy. No matter how hard I racked my brain, there were countless instances where I could not even fathom the elegant expressions used in the original text. When I read through my clumsy drafts, I knew they might convey basic meaning, but they lacked the rhythm and precision suitable for publication. Self-doubt crept in frequently: <em>&#8216;How on earth did a native writer capture this specific nuance in English?&#8217;</em></p><p>After wrestling with my rough sentences, the moment I finally clicked that link with a racing heart remains vivid in my memory.</p><p>The sensation that followed was an overwhelming sense of clarity&#8212;like a long-blocked current suddenly rushing open. For the first time in my life, looking at an English sentence, I thought, <em>&#8220;This is beautiful.&#8221;</em> The sheer satisfaction of watching my crude phrasing transform into the sophisticated, concise architecture of native prose became the most powerful fuel pushing my writing forward.</p><p>Decades later, turning to AI for English composition has become second nature. I sketch out my intent, request a refinement, and within seconds, near-flawless sentences fill the screen. Witnessing this incredible speed and precision often reminds me of the person who once agonized late into the night, waiting to open the original text.</p><p><em>&#8220;We truly live in a wonderful era,&#8221;</em> I whisper quietly to the smooth prose on the screen.</p><p>We no longer need to suffer through the tedious process of trial and error. Yet, at times, I find myself missing that intense thirst&#8212;the sleepless nights spent chasing the electrifying thrill of discovering just one truly beautiful sentence.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[‘아름다운 영어 문장’을 처음 만났던 순간]]></title><description><![CDATA[AI&#44032; &#47751; &#52488; &#47564;&#50640; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#50689;&#47928;&#51012; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612;&#51452;&#45716; &#49884;&#45824;, &#47928;&#51109; &#54616;&#45208;&#47484; &#50619;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#48164;&#51104;&#51012; &#49444;&#52824;&#45912; &#49884;&#51208;&#51012; &#46496;&#50732;&#47549;&#45768;&#45796;]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/786</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/786</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:55:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c8960872-ac76-48f3-83b1-00b27c3cb115_281x198.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#48120;&#44397; 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&#44256;&#52824;&#47728;, &#49345;&#54889;&#50640; &#47582;&#45716; &#50612;&#51312;&#44620;&#51648; &#51312;&#51208;&#54644; &#51469;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536; &#45440;&#46972;&#50868; &#49549;&#46020;&#50752; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;&#51012; &#48148;&#46972;&#48372;&#44256; &#51080;&#51004;&#47732; &#44032;&#49844;&#51060; &#45813;&#45813;&#54624; &#51221;&#46020;&#47196; &#44256;&#48124;&#54620; &#45149;&#50640; &#51312;&#49900;&#49828;&#47101;&#44172; &#8216;&#50896;&#47928; &#48372;&#44592;&#8217;&#47484; &#45572;&#47476;&#45912; &#44536; &#49884;&#51208;&#51032; &#51228;&#44032; &#44032;&#45140; &#46496;&#50724;&#47493;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#8220;&#52280; &#51339;&#51008; &#49464;&#49345;&#51060; &#46104;&#50632;&#44396;&#45208;.&#8221;</p><p>&#54868;&#47732; &#49549; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#47928;&#51109;&#46308;&#51012; &#48372;&#47728; &#45208;&#51648;&#47561;&#51060; &#47568;&#54644; &#48389;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#51228;&#45716; &#50689;&#50612; &#47928;&#51109; &#54616;&#45208;&#47484; &#50416;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#48164;&#51104;&#51012; &#49444;&#52824;&#44144;&#45208;, &#49324;&#51204;&#51012; &#46244;&#51201;&#51060;&#47728; &#50724;&#47019;&#46041;&#50504; &#47672;&#47532;&#47484; &#51676;&#45244; &#54596;&#50836;&#44032; &#50630;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#48516;&#47749; &#54200;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256; &#44048;&#49324;&#54620; &#48320;&#54868;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#47088;&#45936; &#44032;&#45140;&#51008; &#44536; &#49884;&#51208;&#51032; &#44040;&#51613;&#51060; &#44536;&#47532;&#50892;&#51665;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#47928;&#51109; &#54616;&#45208;&#47484; &#50619;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#45145;&#45145;&#45824;&#45912; &#49884;&#44036;, &#50896;&#47928;&#51012; &#50676;&#44592; &#51649;&#51204;&#51032; &#44596;&#51109;&#44048;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#47560;&#52840;&#45236; &#50696;&#49345;&#54616;&#51648; &#47803;&#54664;&#45912; &#54364;&#54788;&#51012; &#48156;&#44204;&#54664;&#51012; &#46412;&#51032; &#51204;&#50984; &#47568;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>AI&#45716; &#51228;&#44172; &#55016;&#50476; &#48736;&#47476;&#44256; &#51221;&#54869;&#54620; &#47928;&#51109;&#51012; &#51452;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#54620; &#47928;&#51109;&#51012; &#50724;&#47000; &#44592;&#45796;&#47536; &#45149;&#50640; &#48708;&#47196;&#49548; &#47564;&#45228;&#51012; &#46412; &#45712;&#44808;&#45912; &#44536; &#50500;&#47492;&#45796;&#50880;&#44620;&#51648; &#45824;&#49888; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612; &#51460; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648;&#45716; &#51096; &#47784;&#47476;&#44192;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50612;&#51788;&#47732; &#47928;&#51109;&#51032; &#50500;&#47492;&#45796;&#50880;&#51008; &#47928;&#51109; &#51088;&#52404;&#50640;&#47564; &#51080;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#44536; &#47928;&#51109;&#50640; &#46020;&#45804;&#54616;&#44592;&#44620;&#51648; &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#44204;&#45964;&#45240; &#44040;&#51613; &#49549;&#50640;&#46020; &#51080;&#50632;&#45716;&#51648; &#47784;&#47493;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How to Architect an Iron Dome for the Mind]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mental Optimization Through the Lens of Air Defense Ignoration Strategies and Algorithmic Pruning]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/how-to-architect-an-iron-dome-for</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/how-to-architect-an-iron-dome-for</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 19:57:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c09188d5-c06d-42b1-bd27-17729c6a5d69_328x196.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Whenever geopolitical tensions flare in the Middle East, a hauntingly surreal visual dominates global news feeds.</p><p>Streaks of fiery crimson carve aerodynamic arcs across a pitch-black night sky, met by inverse trails of incandescent light rising to intercept them in midair: Israel&#8217;s <strong>Iron Dome</strong> in action. Watching ground city life and civilian routines remain remarkably intact beneath a chaotic barrage of asymmetric rockets, I find myself looking beyond the kinetic fireworks. As a defense systems engineer and physicist, my attention is drawn to the underlying <strong>thought algorithm</strong> that governs the system.</p><p>The real engineering genius behind Iron Dome&#8212;what makes it one of the most resource-efficient defense architectures in military history&#8212;is not that it shoots down 100% of incoming rockets.</p><p>Paradoxically, its true power lies in its ability to decide, faster and more accurately than any other system, <strong>what to ignore</strong>.</p><h3>1. Control Dynamics: Never Chase a Rocket Destined for the Desert</h3><p>The instant multiple rocket trajectories are captured on radar after leaving enemy launchers, the Iron Dome&#8217;s battle management control system runs real-time ballistics equations to calculate each missile&#8217;s exact point of impact.</p><pre><code><code>[Trajectory Detection] &#9472;&#9472;&gt; [Real-Time Ballistic Computation]
                                  &#9474;
                                  &#9500;&#9472;&gt; [Unpopulated Wasteland/Desert] &#9472;&#9472;&gt; [Hold Fire (Ignore)]
                                  &#9474;
                                  &#9492;&#9472;&gt; [Population Center/Infrastructure] &#9472;&#9472;&gt; [Precision Interception]
</code></code></pre><p>If a rocket is projected to land harmlessly in an empty field or barren desert sands, the system holds its fire. It simply watches it fall. It does not waste a high-cost interceptor asset on a harmless trajectory. The system reserves its intercept commands strictly for threats locked onto <strong>population centers</strong> or critical infrastructure.</p><p>Attempting to intercept every single incoming variable may seem like the ultimate definition of complete defense, but every operational system has finite energy, bandwidth, and ammunition.</p><p>In control engineering, elite resilience is not brute-force, 360-degree shielding. It is <strong>selective decision-making</strong>&#8212;filtering out 90% of harmless ambient noise so that 100% of your limited computing and physical assets can focus entirely on the 10% of signals that are genuinely lethal.</p><h3>2. Algorithmic Pruning: Reading Less to Read Faster</h3><p>This discipline of selective processing applies identically to the game of Go, where black and white stones generate a near-infinite combinatorial tree.</p><p>The divide between an amateur and a grandmaster is not raw mental calculation speed.</p><ul><li><p><strong>The Amateur Algorithm:</strong> Tries to exhaustively calculate every single branching line on the board. The brain&#8217;s processor quickly overheats, burning precious clock time on trivial variations before collapsing under its own cognitive debt.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Grandmaster Algorithm:</strong> Detects instantly&#8212;through accumulated experience and intuition&#8212;which sectors of the board are entirely irrelevant to the current phase.</p></li></ul><p>In artificial intelligence, the algorithm that enables machines to evaluate board positions at superhuman speeds is not pure compute power; it is <strong>Alpha-Beta Pruning</strong>.</p><p>By systematically lopping off branches that mathematically cannot alter the optimal outcome, the algorithm concentrates all available compute exclusively on critical nexus points. When you ruthlessly prune the noise from your decision matrix, your velocity toward the true signal accelerates dramatically.</p><h3>3. The Emotional Rockets Bombarding the Mind</h3><p>Our daily existence inside modern digital society mirrors these defense engineering frameworks. The human prefrontal cortex, refined across millions of years of evolution, functions as a biological supercomputer processing continuous streams of environmental input.</p><p>Unfortunately, our analog brains still run legacy firmware forged on the African savanna, where every rustle in the grass signaled a mortal threat.</p><p>A passing frown from a colleague, subtle fluctuations in social perception, or baseless midnight anxieties whisper fabricated doom to hyper-vigilant neural sensors. Our internal monitors scream as if each minor disturbance were a precision-guided missile aimed at our survival.</p><p>If we launch an emotional interceptor at every piece of ambient friction, vanity, or casual criticism that enters our airspace, our psychological capital will be completely depleted by noon.</p><p>When an individual&#8217;s mental fortress collapses, it is rarely because incoming adversity was insurmountable. It collapses from <strong>systemic burnout</strong>&#8212;the total exhaustion of cognitive fuel spent intercepting harmless ghosts in empty air.</p><h3>Closing Thoughts</h3><p>Living as an autonomous, dignified individual in a hyper-connected era requires you to architect your own personal <strong>Iron Dome for the mind</strong>.</p><p>Deploy your defenses decisively against real, high-impact challenges aimed at the core population centers of your soul&#8212;your core values, your family, your true work. But learn to <strong>let go</strong> of the phantom rockets: petty envy, idle gossip, and retroactive regrets. Let them follow the laws of gravity and crash harmlessly into the distant deserts of irrelevance.</p><p>Just as a grandmaster trims dead branches from a search tree without a second thought, you must prune cognitive noise from your path. Only in the clear space left behind by deliberate pruning does the game-winning move reveal itself as a sharp, undeniable constant.</p><p>If a barrage of red anxiety trails seems to crisscross the skies above you tonight, do not panic at the control panel.</p><p>Pause, step back, and rationally compute their projected points of impact.</p><p>The vast majority of those noisy trajectories cannot touch the core of who you are; they are harmless mirages destined to dissipate into desert dust. Direct your precious life energy only toward what truly matters. In an entropy-heavy universe, this remains the most rigorous, elegant, and romantic physics of survival.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[내 마음의 영공을 지키는 선별의 물리학]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#48169;&#44277; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608;&#51032; '&#47924;&#49884; &#51204;&#47029;'&#51060; &#50508;&#47140;&#51452;&#45716; &#48264;&#50500;&#50883; &#48169;&#51648;&#50752; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648; &#52572;&#51201;&#54868;]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/556</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/556</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 19:54:23 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/edc3154b-235b-42ae-9b70-dbc558dd309f_328x196.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#52572;&#44540; &#51473;&#46041;&#51032; &#51648;&#51221;&#54617;&#51201; &#44596;&#51109;&#51060; &#44256;&#51312;&#46112; &#46412;&#47560;&#45796; &#51204; &#49464;&#44228; &#45684;&#49828; &#54868;&#47732;&#51032; &#47700;&#51064;&#51012; &#51109;&#49885;&#54616;&#45716; &#44221;&#51060;&#47213;&#44256;&#46020; &#49436;&#45720;&#54620; &#50689;&#49345;&#51060; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52832;&#55121; &#44057;&#51008; &#48164;&#54616;&#45720;&#51012; &#50976;&#49440;&#54805;&#51004;&#47196; &#44032;&#46301; &#52292;&#50864;&#45716; &#48521;&#51008; &#49452;&#44305;&#46308;&#51032; &#54665;&#47148;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51060;&#47484; &#44277;&#51473;&#50640;&#49436; &#51221;&#48128;&#54616;&#44172; &#50836;&#44201;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#50669;&#48169;&#54693;&#51004;&#47196; &#49567;&#44396;&#52824;&#45716; &#48731;&#51032; &#51460;&#44592;&#46308;&#51060; &#44368;&#52264;&#54616;&#45716; &#51060;&#49828;&#46972;&#50648;&#51032; <strong>&#8216;&#50500;&#51060;&#50616; &#46036;(Iron Dome)&#8217;</strong> &#48169;&#44277; &#54788;&#51109;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49688;&#52380; &#48156;&#51032; &#48708;&#45824;&#52845; &#47196;&#53011; &#54252;&#53444;&#51060; &#47924;&#52264;&#48324;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50143;&#50500;&#51648;&#45716; &#50500;&#49688;&#46972;&#51109; &#49549;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#51648;&#49345;&#51032; &#46020;&#49884; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#44284; &#54217;&#50728;&#54620; &#51068;&#49345;&#51060; &#44592;&#51201;&#52376;&#47100; &#50976;&#51648;&#46104;&#45716; &#54413;&#44221;&#51012; &#48148;&#46972;&#48372;&#47728;, &#51200;&#45716; &#48169;&#49328; &#50644;&#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#51060;&#51088; &#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#51088;&#47196;&#49436; &#44536; &#54868;&#47140;&#54620; &#48520;&#44867;&#45440;&#51060;&#51032; &#50808;&#54805;&#48372;&#45796; &#44536; &#44592;&#51200;&#50640; &#55120;&#47476;&#45716; &#51221;&#44368;&#54620; &#8216;&#49373;&#44033;&#51032; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608;&#8217;&#50640; &#44618;&#51060; &#51452;&#47785;&#54616;&#44172; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50500;&#51060;&#50616; &#46036;&#51060; &#51204; &#49464;&#44228; &#44397;&#48169; &#50669;&#49324;&#49345; &#52572;&#44256;&#51032; &#54952;&#50984;&#51012; &#51088;&#46993;&#54616;&#45716; &#46021;&#48372;&#51201;&#51064; &#48169;&#44277; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51004;&#47196; &#48520;&#47532;&#45716; &#51652;&#51676; &#44592;&#49696;&#51201; &#51060;&#50976;&#45716;, &#45216;&#50500;&#50724;&#45716; &#47784;&#46304; &#47196;&#53011;&#51012; 100% &#54620; &#48156; &#50724;&#52264;&#46020; &#50630;&#51060; &#47582;&#55176;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50669;&#49444;&#51201;&#51060;&#44172;&#46020; &#44536; &#50672;&#49328; &#54924;&#47196;&#44032; &#8216;&#51648;&#44552; &#45817;&#51109; &#47924;&#50631;&#51012; &#47924;&#49884;(Ignore)&#54644;&#50556; &#54624;&#51648;&#8217;&#47484; &#44536; &#50612;&#46500; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#48372;&#45796; &#44032;&#51109; &#48736;&#47476;&#44256; &#51221;&#54869;&#54616;&#44172; &#54032;&#45800;&#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>1. &#50500;&#51060;&#50616; &#46036;&#51032; &#51228;&#50612; &#50669;&#54617;: &#49324;&#47561;&#51004;&#47196; &#46504;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#47196;&#53011;&#51008; &#51923;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;</h3><p>&#51201;&#51032; &#54252;&#53457;&#51012; &#46496;&#45212; &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#47196;&#53011;&#51032; &#48708;&#54665; &#44452;&#51201;&#51060; &#47112;&#51060;&#45908;&#47581;&#50640; &#54252;&#52265;&#46104;&#45716; &#50500;&#51452; &#51687;&#51008; &#52272;&#45208;&#51032; &#49692;&#44036;, &#50500;&#51060;&#50616; &#46036; &#51228;&#50612; &#52980;&#54504;&#53552;&#51032; &#53685;&#51228;&#44228;&#45716; &#53444;&#46020;&#54617;(Ballistics) &#48169;&#51221;&#49885;&#51012; &#44032;&#46041;&#54616;&#50668; &#44033; &#48120;&#49324;&#51068;&#51032; &#52572;&#51333; &#45209;&#54616; &#51340;&#54364;&#44228;&#47484; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#50696;&#52769;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><pre><code><code>[&#47196;&#53011; &#44452;&#51201; &#53456;&#51648;] &#9472;&#9472;&gt; [&#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#53444;&#46020;&#54617; &#44452;&#51201; &#44228;&#49328;]
                         &#9474;
                         &#9500;&#9472;&gt; [&#54889;&#47924;&#51648;/&#49324;&#47561; &#45209;&#54616; &#50696;&#52769;] &#9472;&#9472;&gt; [&#50836;&#44201; &#48120;&#49324;&#51068; &#48156;&#49324; &#52712;&#49548; (Ignore)]
                         &#9474;
                         &#9492;&#9472;&gt; [&#51064;&#44396; &#48128;&#51665; &#51648;&#50669;/&#54645;&#49900; &#49884;&#49444;] &#9472;&#9472;&gt; [&#51221;&#48128; &#50836;&#44201; (Targeted Interception)]
</code></code></pre><p>&#47564;&#50557; &#53945;&#51221; &#47196;&#53011;&#51032; &#50976;&#49440;&#54805; &#44452;&#51201;&#51060; &#48124;&#44036;&#51064;&#51060; &#51204;&#54784; &#49332;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#54889;&#47049;&#54620; &#48712;&#53552;&#45208; &#54889;&#47924;&#51648; &#49324;&#47561; &#54620;&#48373;&#54032;&#51004;&#47196; &#44032;&#46972;&#50505;&#51012; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#50672;&#49328;&#46104;&#47732;, &#50500;&#51060;&#50616; &#46036;&#51008; &#44536; &#47785;&#54364;&#47484; &#54693;&#54644; &#50836;&#44201; &#48120;&#49324;&#51068;&#51012; &#48156;&#49324;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; &#44536;&#51200; &#44032;&#47564;&#55176; &#51648;&#53020;&#47564; &#48389;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45800; &#54620; &#48156;&#50640; &#49688;&#52380;&#47564; &#50896;&#51012; &#54840;&#44032;&#54616;&#45716; &#44480;&#54620; &#50836;&#44201; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#47924;&#51032;&#48120;&#54620; &#44275;&#50640; &#45229;&#48708;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#51424;. &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51008; &#50724;&#51649; &#51064;&#44396; &#48128;&#51665; &#51648;&#50669;(Population Center)&#51060;&#45208; &#44397;&#44032;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#44592;&#44036; &#49884;&#49444;&#51012; &#51221;&#48128; &#53440;&#44201;&#54624; &#50948;&#54801;&#51201;&#51064; &#44452;&#51201;&#47564;&#51012; &#52860;&#45216;&#52376;&#47100; &#44264;&#46972;&#45236;&#50612; &#50836;&#44201; &#47749;&#47161;&#51012; &#54616;&#45804;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45208;&#47484; &#50948;&#54801;&#54616;&#45716; &#47784;&#46304; &#50808;&#48512; &#48320;&#49688;&#50640; &#50756;&#48317;&#54616;&#44172; &#48152;&#51025;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#44169;&#48372;&#44592;&#50640;&#45716; &#44032;&#51109; &#8216;&#51060;&#49345;&#51201;&#51060;&#44256; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#48169;&#50612;&#8217;&#52376;&#47100; &#48372;&#51068;&#51648; &#47784;&#47476;&#45208;, &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51060; &#48372;&#50976;&#54620; &#51204;&#47141; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648;&#50752; &#51088;&#50896;&#51008; &#50616;&#51228;&#45208; &#50976;&#54620;&#54616;&#47728; &#54620;&#51221;&#46104;&#50612; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44277;&#54617;&#50640;&#49436; &#47568;&#54616;&#45716; &#51652;&#51676; &#44256;&#54952;&#50984;&#51032; &#48169;&#50612;&#47141;&#51060;&#46976; 100%&#51032; &#47924;&#44208;&#54620; &#51204;&#48169;&#50948; &#52264;&#45800;&#47141;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#51452;&#48320;&#51012; &#55120;&#47476;&#45716; 90%&#51032; &#47924;&#51032;&#48120;&#54620; &#44032;&#51676; &#49548;&#51020;(Noise) &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#44284;&#44048;&#55176; &#44151;&#50612;&#45236;&#44256;, &#50724;&#51649; &#45236; &#49334;&#51012; &#54028;&#44340;&#54624; 10%&#51032; &#52824;&#47749;&#51201;&#51064; &#51652;&#51676; &#49888;&#54840;(Signal)&#50640;&#47564; &#47784;&#46304; &#51088;&#50896;&#51012; &#51665;&#51473; &#51204;&#46020;&#49884;&#53412;&#45716; &#8216;&#49440;&#48324;&#51201; &#44208;&#45800;&#8217;&#50640;&#49436; &#46020;&#52636;&#46104;&#45716; &#48277;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>2. &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608; &#44032;&#51648;&#52824;&#44592;: &#51069;&#51648; &#50506;&#50500;&#50556; &#48708;&#47196;&#49548; &#48744;&#47532; &#51069;&#45716;&#45796;</h3><p>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#8216;&#49440;&#48324;&#51032; &#48120;&#54617;&#8217;&#51008; &#55121;&#44284; &#48177;&#51032; &#46028;&#51060; &#50864;&#51452;&#51201; &#44221;&#50864;&#51032; &#49688;&#47196; &#47582;&#47932;&#47532;&#45716; &#48148;&#46161;&#54032; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#46609;&#44057;&#51060; &#54204;&#52432;&#51665;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48148;&#46161;&#51032; &#54616;&#49688;&#50752; &#44256;&#49688;&#47484; &#44032;&#47476;&#45716; &#44208;&#51221;&#51201;&#51064; &#48516;&#44592;&#51216;&#51008; &#45800;&#49692;&#55176; &#8216;&#47672;&#47551;&#49549;&#51004;&#47196; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#47566;&#51008; &#49688;&#49901; &#49688; &#50526;&#51032; &#48120;&#47000;&#47484; &#51069;&#50612;&#45236;&#45712;&#45264;&#8217;&#45716; &#45800;&#49692; &#50672;&#49328; &#49549;&#46020; &#52264;&#51060;&#50640; &#51080;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#54616;&#49688;&#51032; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608;:</strong> &#45236; &#50526;&#50640; &#45459;&#51064; &#47784;&#46304; &#44221;&#50864;&#51032; &#49688;&#47484; &#54616;&#45208;&#54616;&#45208; &#50864;&#51649;&#54616;&#44172; &#45796; &#46384;&#46972;&#44032; &#48372;&#47140;&#45796;, &#44208;&#44397; &#50672;&#49328; &#51109;&#52824;&#51064; &#47672;&#47551;&#49549; &#45516;&#49464;&#54252;&#44032; &#50633;&#53020;&#48260;&#47140; &#51221;&#51089; &#51473;&#50836;&#54620; &#49849;&#48512;&#52376;&#50640;&#49436; &#51228;&#54620; &#49884;&#44036;&#51012; &#54728;&#47581;&#54616;&#44172; &#45796; &#50024;&#48260;&#47532;&#44256; &#51088;&#47736;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#44256;&#49688;&#51032; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608;:</strong> &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#49892;&#51204; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#52629;&#51201;&#54620; &#44256;&#49688;&#46308;&#51008; &#52395;&#45576;&#50640; &#8216;&#45236;&#44032; &#51648;&#44552; &#51208;&#45824; &#51069;&#51012; &#54596;&#50836;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#47924;&#51032;&#48120;&#54620; &#51088;&#47532;&#8217;&#47484; &#48376;&#45733;&#51201;&#51064; &#51649;&#44288;&#51032; &#51452;&#54028;&#49688;&#47196; &#44048;&#51648;&#54644; &#45253;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#51064;&#44277;&#51648;&#45733; &#52980;&#54504;&#53552; &#44277;&#54617;&#50640;&#49436; &#49688;&#51069;&#44592;&#47484; &#44305;&#49549;&#51004;&#47196; &#52376;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#48708;&#44208;&#51008; &#51473;&#50521;&#52376;&#47532;&#51109;&#52824;(CPU)&#51032; &#44228;&#49328; &#45733;&#47141;&#51060; &#45224;&#45804;&#46972;&#49436;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#49688;&#51069;&#44592;&#47484; &#44403;&#51060; &#49688;&#54665;&#54624; &#44032;&#52824;&#44032; &#51204;&#54784; &#50630;&#45716; &#50724;&#45813; &#44221;&#47196;&#51032; &#51460;&#44592;&#47484; &#53685;&#44228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#49888;&#49549;&#54616;&#44172; &#52432;&#45236;&#45712;&#45264;, &#51060;&#47480;&#48148; &#8216;&#50508;&#54028;-&#48288;&#53440; &#44032;&#51648;&#52824;&#44592;(Alpha-Beta Pruning)&#8217;&#51032; &#54952;&#50984;&#49457;&#50640; &#51204;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#45804;&#47140; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52572;&#51333; &#49849;&#47532;&#50640; &#44592;&#50668;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; 0%&#50640; &#49688;&#47156;&#54616;&#45716; &#48520;&#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#49436;&#48652; &#44221;&#47196;&#46308;&#51012; &#44032;&#52264; &#50630;&#51060; &#49325;&#51228;&#54616;&#44256;, &#50724;&#51649; &#51204;&#52404; &#54032;&#49464;&#47484; &#46244;&#55124;&#46308; &#44208;&#51221;&#51201;&#51064; &#48320;&#54868;&#44032; &#51068;&#50612;&#45208;&#45716; &#54645;&#49900; &#44600;&#47785;&#50640;&#47564; &#45236; &#54620;&#51221;&#46108; &#47784;&#46304; &#50672;&#49328; &#45733;&#47141;&#51012; &#50732;&#51064; &#53804;&#51077;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45236; &#49334;&#51032; &#54924;&#47196;&#50640;&#49436; &#47924;&#51032;&#48120;&#54620; &#44032;&#51648;&#47484; &#44648;&#45143;&#54616;&#44172; &#52432;&#45244; &#46412;&#50640;&#47564;, &#48708;&#48376;&#51656;&#51012; &#46763;&#44256; &#51652;&#51676; &#54645;&#49900;&#50640; &#44032;&#45823;&#45716; &#49549;&#46020;&#45716; &#48731;&#51032; &#44452;&#51201;&#47564;&#53372;&#51060;&#45208; &#48708;&#50557;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48744;&#46972;&#51665;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>3. &#45236; &#47560;&#51020;&#51012; &#54253;&#44201;&#54616;&#45716; &#44048;&#51221;&#51201; &#49548;&#51020;&#51032; &#47196;&#53011;&#46308;</h3><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#49704;&#51012; &#49772;&#47728; &#48156;&#51012; &#46363;&#44256; &#49332;&#50500;&#44032;&#45716; &#51064;&#44036; &#49324;&#54924;&#51032; &#54616;&#47336;&#46020; &#51060; &#52264;&#44032;&#50868; &#44397;&#48169; &#44277;&#54617; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#44284; &#51312;&#44552;&#46020; &#45796;&#47476;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51064;&#47448;&#44032; 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&#49324;&#48148;&#45208; &#52488;&#50896; &#51648;&#45824;&#50640;&#49436; &#49324;&#51088;&#51032; &#48156;&#49548;&#47532;&#50640; &#49704; &#51453;&#51060;&#45912; &#50896;&#52488;&#51201;&#51064; &#49373;&#51316; &#47588;&#45684;&#50620;&#51012; &#44256;&#49828;&#46976;&#55176; &#44036;&#51649;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#53440;&#51064;&#51060; &#47924;&#49900;&#55176; &#55128;&#47536; &#49324;&#49548;&#54620; &#48120;&#44036;&#51032; &#52236;&#54392;&#47548;, &#45236; &#49552;&#51012; &#46496;&#45212; &#49324;&#54924;&#51201; &#54217;&#54032;&#51032; &#48120;&#49464;&#54620; &#51068;&#47105;&#51076;, &#45236; &#50976;&#51204;&#51088;&#51032; &#44208;&#54632;&#51060; &#48164;&#47560;&#45796; &#49549;&#49325;&#51060;&#45716; &#44540;&#44144; &#50630;&#45716; &#48120;&#47000;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#48520;&#50504;&#51032; &#47196;&#53011;&#46308;&#51012;, &#50864;&#47532; &#45516;&#51032; &#44284;&#48124;&#54620; &#49468;&#49436;&#46308;&#51008; &#47784;&#51312;&#47532; &#45236; &#47785;&#49704;&#51012; &#45130;&#50612;&#45459;&#51012; &#8216;&#52824;&#47749;&#51201;&#51064; &#50976;&#46020; &#48120;&#49324;&#51068;&#8217;&#47196; &#50724;&#51064;&#54616;&#44256; &#47560;&#51020;&#49549; &#44228;&#52769;&#44592; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436; &#49352;&#54028;&#46999;&#44172; &#48708;&#47749;&#51012; &#51656;&#47084;&#45841;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#47564;&#50557; &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#47588;&#51068; &#45236; &#49334;&#51032; &#50689;&#44277;&#51012; &#54693;&#54644; &#45216;&#50500;&#50724;&#45716; &#44536; &#47784;&#46304; &#50564;&#54029;&#54620; &#8216;&#44048;&#51221;&#51201; &#49548;&#51020;&#8217;&#44284; &#8216;&#53440;&#51064;&#51032; &#49884;&#49440;&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#44032;&#51676; &#47196;&#53011;&#46308;&#50640; &#51068;&#51068;&#51060; &#44284;&#48124; &#48152;&#51025;&#54616;&#47728; &#49900;&#47532;&#51201; &#50836;&#44201; &#48120;&#49324;&#51068;&#51012; &#50136;&#50500; &#50732;&#47536;&#45796;&#47732;, &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#48372;&#50976;&#54620; &#51221;&#49436;&#51201; &#51088;&#49328;&#44284; &#51221;&#49888;&#51201; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648;&#45716; &#45800; &#54616;&#47336;&#46020; &#48260;&#54000;&#51648; &#47803;&#54620; &#52292; &#48148;&#45797;&#51012; &#46300;&#47084;&#45236;&#44256; &#47568; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45236; &#49334;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#50500;&#47492;&#45796;&#50868; &#50836;&#49352; &#46020;&#49884;&#44032; &#50612;&#45712; &#45216; &#54728;&#47581;&#54616;&#44172; &#47924;&#45320;&#51256; &#45236;&#47532;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008;, &#50808;&#48512;&#50640;&#49436; &#45216;&#50500;&#50728; &#51201;&#51032; &#47196;&#53011;&#51060; &#50976;&#45212;&#55176; &#44053;&#54644;&#49436;&#44032; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. <strong>&#47924;&#54644;&#54620; &#54728;&#44277;&#51032; &#48169;&#50612; &#54665;&#46041;&#50640; &#45236; &#47784;&#46304; &#51221;&#49888;&#51201; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648;&#47484; &#45224;&#44608;&#50630;&#51060; &#53461;&#51652;&#54644; &#48260;&#47536;, &#45236;&#47732; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#49436;&#44544;&#54536; &#8216;&#48169;&#51204;&#44284; &#53448;&#51652;(Burnout)&#8217;</strong> &#46412;&#47928;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>[&#47610;&#51004;&#47728;]</h3><p>&#51060; &#44144;&#52828; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#49884;&#45824;&#47484; &#54693;&#54644; &#51652;&#51221;&#51004;&#47196; &#46021;&#47549;&#51201;&#51060;&#44256; &#51452;&#52404;&#51201;&#51064; &#51316;&#50628;&#54620; &#51064;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#49332;&#50500;&#44036;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008;, &#45236; &#47560;&#51020;&#51032; &#51648;&#54217;&#49440; &#50948;&#50640; &#51088;&#49888;&#47564;&#51032; &#51221;&#44368;&#54616;&#44256; &#45800;&#45800;&#54620; &#8216;&#51221;&#49436;&#51201; &#50500;&#51060;&#50616; &#46036;&#8217;&#51012; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#49444;&#44228;&#54644; &#49464;&#50864;&#45716; &#51068;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45236; &#49334;&#51032; &#44032;&#51109; &#49548;&#51473;&#54620; &#48376;&#51656;&#51060;&#51088; &#50689;&#54844;&#51032; &#51064;&#44396; &#48128;&#51665; &#51648;&#50669;(Population Center)&#51012; &#51221;&#47732;&#51004;&#47196; &#53440;&#44201;&#54644; &#50724;&#45716; &#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#48708;&#54032;&#44284; &#49892;&#51204;&#51032; &#49884;&#47144;&#50640;&#45716; &#45800;&#54840;&#54616;&#44172; &#48169;&#50612; &#44592;&#51228;&#47484; &#53020;&#44256; &#47582;&#49436;&#46104;, &#44536;&#51200; &#45236; &#51452;&#48320; &#54728;&#44277;&#51012; &#47924;&#51032;&#48120;&#54616;&#44172; &#47604;&#46028;&#45796; &#51473;&#47141;&#51032; &#48277;&#52825;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#49548;&#47736;&#54644; &#48260;&#47540; &#44050;&#49916; &#48708;&#45212;&#44284; &#51656;&#53804;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51060;&#48120; &#51648;&#45208;&#44036; &#44284;&#44144;&#51032; &#54980;&#54924;&#46972;&#45716; &#50976;&#47161; &#47196;&#53011;&#46308;&#51008; &#51200; &#47676; &#47581;&#44033;&#51032; &#49324;&#47561; &#50500;&#47000;&#47196; &#44256;&#50836;&#55176; &#46504;&#50612;&#51648;&#44172; &#45236;&#48260;&#47140; &#46160;&#45716; &#48277;(Let it go)&#51012; &#48176;&#50892;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48148;&#46161;&#54032; &#50948;&#51032; &#44256;&#49688;&#44032; &#50424;&#45936;&#50630;&#45716; &#49688;&#51069;&#44592;&#51032; &#51092;&#44032;&#51648;&#46308;&#51012; &#45800; &#54620; &#48264;&#51032; &#47581;&#49444;&#51076;&#46020; &#50630;&#51060; &#47924;&#49900;&#55176; &#52432;&#45236;&#46319;, &#50864;&#47532; &#50669;&#49884; &#45236; &#49334;&#51032; &#44452;&#51201;&#51012; &#48169;&#54644;&#54616;&#45716; &#48520;&#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#48264;&#45516;&#51032; &#45432;&#51060;&#51592;&#46308;&#51012; &#45800;&#54840;&#54616;&#44172; &#46020;&#47140;&#45236;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44032;&#51648;&#47484; &#44648;&#45143;&#54616;&#44172; &#52432;&#45240; &#44536; &#53573; &#48712; &#51088;&#47532;&#50640;&#47564;, &#48708;&#47196;&#49548; &#45236; &#51064;&#49373;&#51032; &#54032;&#49464;&#47484; &#50500;&#50864;&#47484; &#51652;&#51676; &#50948;&#45824;&#54620; &#49849;&#48512;&#49688;&#44032; &#46608;&#47159;&#54620; &#49345;&#49688;&#47196; &#48372;&#51060;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50724;&#45720; &#48164;, &#45817;&#49888;&#51032; &#47672;&#47532; &#50948;&#47196; &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#48520;&#50504;&#51032; &#48521;&#51008; &#44452;&#51201;&#46308;&#51060; &#50612;&#51648;&#47101;&#44172; &#51648;&#45208;&#44032;&#44256; &#51080;&#45208;&#50836;?</p><p>&#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#51228;&#50612;&#54032;&#51012; &#48372;&#47728; &#45320;&#47924; &#46160;&#47140;&#50892;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#46504;&#51648; &#47560;&#49901;&#49884;&#50724;. &#51104;&#49884; &#49828;&#50948;&#52824;&#47484; &#45124;&#44256; &#47688;&#52656; &#49436;&#49436;, &#44536; &#50836;&#46976;&#54620; &#44452;&#51201;&#51032; &#52572;&#51333; &#45209;&#54616; &#51340;&#54364;&#47484; &#51060;&#49457;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44228;&#49328;&#54644; &#48372;&#49901;&#49884;&#50724;.</p><p>&#44032;&#47564;&#55176; &#46384;&#51256;&#48372;&#47732; &#44536; &#51208;&#45824;&#45796;&#49688;&#51032; &#49548;&#51020;&#46308;&#51008; &#45817;&#49888;&#51060; &#49688;&#54840;&#54644; &#50728; &#51316;&#50628;&#54620; &#49334;&#51032; &#51473;&#49900;&#51012; &#45800; 1&#48128;&#47532;&#48120;&#53552;(mm)&#46020; &#44148;&#46300;&#47532;&#51648; &#47803;&#54620; &#52292;, &#51200; &#47676; &#49324;&#47561;&#51032; &#47784;&#47000;&#48148;&#46988; &#49549;&#51004;&#47196; &#47676;&#51648;&#52376;&#47100; &#55145;&#50612;&#51256; &#49324;&#46972;&#51656; &#47924;&#54644;&#54620; &#54728;&#49345;&#46308;&#50640; &#48520;&#44284;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50724;&#51649; &#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#48376;&#51656;&#50640;&#47564; &#45817;&#49888;&#51032; &#44480;&#54620; &#49373;&#52404; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648;&#47484; &#51204;&#46020;&#54616;&#49901;&#49884;&#50724;. &#44536;&#44163;&#51060;&#50556;&#47568;&#47196; &#51060; &#54844;&#46976;&#49828;&#47101;&#44256; &#47924;&#51656;&#49436;&#54620; &#50644;&#53944;&#47196;&#54588;&#51032; &#50864;&#51452; &#49549;&#50640;&#49436;, &#45817;&#49888;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#50948;&#45824;&#54620; &#50836;&#49352;&#47484; &#45149;&#44620;&#51648; &#48372;&#54840;&#54616;&#45716; &#44032;&#51109; &#50756;&#48317;&#54616;&#44256;&#46020; &#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#51201;&#51064; &#45229;&#47564;&#51032; &#49373;&#51316; &#48169;&#49885;&#51060;&#45768;&#44620;&#50836;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Why Does System Growth Go Silent Right Before a Major Leap?]]></title><description><![CDATA[The Physics of Learning Plateaus Through the Lens of the 'Boring Billion' and Phase Transitions]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/why-does-system-growth-go-silent</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/why-does-system-growth-go-silent</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 09 Aug 2026 12:37:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5c34f4dd-14ca-4c8a-afaa-31f93de44325_304x170.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When picking up a new hobby or mastering an unfamiliar skill, we all inevitably encounter a data curve that looks hauntingly familiar.</p><p>At first, your performance climbs rapidly in direct proportion to your effort (Input). Enticed by this early feedback, you fall in love with the process. But once you reach a certain critical threshold, you hit a frustrating, stubborn wall&#8212;a <strong>plateau</strong>.</p><p>Whether you are studying a foreign language late into the night or trying to master the biomechanics of a tennis swing, the pattern is identical. You memorize vocabulary until dawn or swing the racket until your wrist aches, yet your perceived performance seems frozen. On some days, you might even detect disheartening noise&#8212;a sense that you are actually regressing.</p><p>During this long, tedious runtime, many people choose to shut down their systems and quit, telling themselves, <em>&#8220;I guess I just lack natural talent for this.&#8221;</em></p><p>However, if we examine the interior of this plateau through the precise lenses of physics and evolutionary biology, we realize that this silence is far from a halt in progress. Rather, it is <strong>a high-dimensional coding phase</strong>&#8212;a period during which the system fundamentally re-architects its internal structure to handle the next level of expansion.</p><h3>1. The Energy Revolution: A Direct Hardware Upgrade</h3><p>In the grand simulation of life on Earth, there was a dramatically similar paradox.</p><p>Around 2.4 billion years ago, the emergence of oxygen&#8212;a highly reactive gas&#8212;triggered a planet-wide extinction event for ancient anaerobic single-celled organisms. Yet, the causal chain derived an ingenious solution.</p><p>Roughly 1.8 billion years ago, a courageous single-celled host cell welcomed an independent bacterium into its body through <strong>endosymbiosis</strong>. This bacterium possessed a remarkable ability: it converted deadly oxygen into a highly efficient energy source.</p><pre><code><code>[Primitive Host Cell] + [Oxygen-Utilizing Bacteria] &#9472;&#9472;(Endosymbiosis)&#9472;&#9472;&gt; [Complex Cell with Mitochondria]
                                                                        &#9492;&#9472;&gt; 15x Energy Output Surge
</code></code></pre><p>This event marked the birth of the <strong>mitochondria</strong>, the core powerhouses residing in every complex eukaryotic cell today, including our own. Through this miraculous hardware integration, living organisms gained the ability to generate <strong>over 15 times more bioenergy</strong> than previous generations.</p><p>In daily human terms, it was as if a tennis novice instantly acquired the physical conditioning of a legendary athlete alongside a top-tier carbon-fiber racket. For a language learner, it was like having a hard drive containing tens of thousands of precisely indexed dictionary entries surgically implanted directly into the brain.</p><h3>2. The &#8216;Boring Billion&#8217;: Synchronization Time for Software Development</h3><p>Having installed such an overwhelmingly powerful and efficient engine, one would expect the evolutionary timeline to explode immediately with complex, multicellular life forms. Yet, Earth&#8217;s historical data betray our hasty predictions.</p><p>Following this miraculous energy revolution, life remained stuck in the form of simple, microscopic single cells for an astonishing <strong>one billion years</strong>.</p><p>Earth scientists and evolutionary biologists officially label this vast, dark period&#8212;spanning roughly 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago&#8212;with the cynical moniker: <strong>the &#8216;Boring Billion.&#8217;</strong> To an outside observer, the trajectory of life&#8217;s evolution appeared completely frozen.</p><p>What was happening behind Earth&#8217;s control panel?</p><p>Although the hardware engine was fully prepared, the <strong>complex software required to run the system had not yet been developed</strong>. To organically manage that explosive energy, trillions of cells needed to cooperate without a single margin of error.</p><p>Transitioning from a single cell to a massive multicellular organism is not a mere quantitative swelling or inflation of physical size. It required a sacred protocol: individual cells had to relinquish a portion of their autonomy. Some had to become rigid bone; others had to become high-speed signal-conducting nerves. They needed an error-free, real-time manual for transcribing and sharing state data.</p><p>Compiling this flawless social consensus and complex genetic coding network demanded a rigorous, mandatory plateau lasting a billion years.</p><h3>3. The End of the Plateau: The Cambrian Explosion and Phase Transitions</h3><p>Once the internal control software and manual architecture were 100% complete after a billion years of compilation, Earth&#8217;s history entered the glorious era we view with awe in science textbooks: <strong>the Cambrian Explosion</strong>.</p><p>Starting around 600 million years ago&#8212;a mere flash on a cosmic timescale&#8212;a breathtaking array of complex multicellular animal life flooded the oceans and land. They arrived equipped with precise optical eyes, beating hearts, and load-bearing legs.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Phase Transition:</strong> A physical phenomenon where a system&#8217;s properties and structure change discontinuously once a parameter (such as temperature or pressure) reaches a critical threshold&#8212;much like ice suddenly turning into liquid water.</p></blockquote><p>The intricate manual system, built up in absolute darkness without being swayed by external conditions for a billion years, finally met its environmental variables and triggered a magnificent <strong>phase transition</strong>.</p><p>The tedious learning algorithms we encounter daily operate under these exact laws of evolution.</p><ul><li><p><strong>On the tennis court:</strong> When you feel like throwing your racket because your skill hasn&#8217;t improved an inch, your neural network is silently coding high-resolution control software behind the scenes&#8212;integrating mechanical micro-movements and lossless proprioceptive feedback.</p></li><li><p><strong>In language learning:</strong> When foreign phrases hover at the tip of your tongue and you feel trapped in place, billions of synapses in your brain are hard at work. They are building critical network routing, connecting thousands of fragmented vocabulary data points and complex grammatical rules into optimal forward vectors.</p></li></ul><p>It is simply that human eyes cannot immediately read out this high-level internal construction as a quantitative metric on a screen.</p><h3>Closing Thoughts</h3><p>Does your day feel particularly tedious? Are you exhausted because your effort yields no visible output data?</p><p>Perhaps you&#8212;a magnificent system in your own right&#8212;are currently navigating your own sacred <strong>&#8216;Boring Billion&#8217;</strong>, refining your system core for an upcoming leap.</p><p>All the necessary energy has already been steadily accumulated inside your tank under the label of diligence. All that is required now is the absolute physical time needed to establish <strong>internal order (information)</strong>, allowing that explosive energy to detonate without a single margin of error.</p><p>Just as a humble single cell endured a billion years of stagnation to spark the magnificent Cambrian Explosion and claim ownership of this planet, your tedious practice today is the most solemn preparation for the brilliant phase transition awaiting your life.</p><p>Do not be discouraged if the screen does not display an immediate output right now.</p><p>The compiler of your dignified system is operating right at this moment&#8212;more fiercely and decisively than on any other timeline&#8212;precisely <strong>coding</strong> the next great version of you.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[당신의 성장 곡선이 정체기에 갇혔을 때]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#51648;&#47336;&#54620; 10&#50613; &#45380;&#51032; &#51652;&#54868;&#49324;&#50752; &#49345;&#51204;&#51060;(Phase Transition) &#51060;&#47200;&#51004;&#47196; &#48376; &#54617;&#49845; &#51221;&#52404;&#44592;&#51032; &#47932;&#47532;&#54617;]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/754</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/754</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 09 Aug 2026 12:30:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4ccb7000-0328-4cbc-938a-f8019127e5c1_304x170.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#52712;&#48120;&#47484; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#45231;&#49440; &#44592;&#49696;&#51012; &#48176;&#50872; &#46412;, &#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#45572;&#44396;&#45208; &#50696;&#50808; &#50630;&#51060; &#51648;&#46021;&#54616;&#47532;&#47564;&#53372; &#45806;&#50500; &#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#44257;&#49440;&#44284; &#47560;&#51452;&#54616;&#44172; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52376;&#51020;&#50640;&#45716; &#45432;&#47141;(Input)&#51012; &#45347;&#45716; &#45824;&#47196; &#49892;&#47141;&#51060; &#50277;&#50277; &#45720;&#50612;&#45208;&#45716; &#44163; &#44057;&#50500; &#49888;&#45208;&#44172; &#51116;&#48120;&#47484; &#48537;&#51060;&#51648;&#47564;, &#50612;&#45712; &#53945;&#51221;&#54620; &#51076;&#44228; &#51648;&#51216;&#50640; &#46020;&#45804;&#54616;&#47732; &#47560;&#52824; &#44144;&#45824;&#54616;&#44256; &#50756;&#44256;&#54620; &#53080;&#53356;&#47532;&#53944; &#48317;&#50640; &#44032;&#47196;&#47561;&#55180; &#46319;&#54620; &#45813;&#45813;&#54620; &#51221;&#52404;&#44592;(Plateau)&#44032; &#52286;&#50500;&#50741;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45231;&#49440; &#50808;&#44397;&#50612;&#47484; &#48164;&#49352; &#44277;&#48512;&#54624; &#46412;&#46020;, &#53076;&#53944; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436; &#53580;&#45768;&#49828;&#45208; &#44264;&#54532;&#51032; &#49828;&#50969; &#47700;&#52964;&#45768;&#51608;&#51012; &#51061;&#55184; &#46412;&#46020; &#47560;&#52268;&#44032;&#51648;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47588;&#51068; &#48164;&#45230;&#51004;&#47196; &#45800;&#50612;&#47484; &#50808;&#50864;&#44256; &#49552;&#47785;&#51060; &#49884;&#47532;&#46020;&#47197; &#46972;&#53011;&#51012; &#55064;&#46168;&#47084;&#46020; &#52404;&#44048;&#54616;&#45716; &#49892;&#47141;&#51008; &#45720; &#51228;&#51088;&#47532;&#44152;&#51020;&#51064; &#44163; &#44057;&#44256;, &#50612;&#46500; &#45216;&#50640;&#45716; &#50724;&#55176;&#47140; &#44284;&#44144;&#48372;&#45796; &#53748;&#48372;&#54616;&#45716; &#46319;&#54620; &#44592;&#48516; &#45208;&#49244; &#49548;&#51020;(Noise)&#47560;&#51200; &#44048;&#51648;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#44600;&#44256; &#51648;&#47336;&#54620; &#49892;&#54665;(Runtime) &#44396;&#44036;&#50640;&#49436; &#47566;&#51008; &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#8220;&#45208;&#45716; &#50669;&#49884; &#51060; &#48516;&#50556;&#50640; &#49440;&#52380;&#51201; &#51116;&#45733;&#51060; &#50630;&#45208; &#48372;&#45796;&#8221;&#46972;&#47728; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51012; &#45124;&#44256; &#54252;&#44592;&#54616;&#44260; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#44284; &#51652;&#54868;&#49373;&#47932;&#54617;&#51032; &#51221;&#48128;&#54620; &#45576;&#51004;&#47196; &#51060; &#51221;&#52404;&#44592;&#51032; &#45236;&#48512;&#47484; &#46308;&#50668;&#45796;&#48372;&#47732;, &#44536; &#52840;&#47925;&#51032; &#49884;&#44036;&#51008; &#44208;&#53076; &#49457;&#51109;&#51032; &#8216;&#47688;&#52644;&#8217;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#45796;&#51020; &#45800;&#44228;&#51032; &#52264;&#50896; &#45458;&#51008; &#46020;&#50557;&#51012; &#44048;&#45817;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#44228;(System)&#44032; &#45236;&#48512; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#52824;&#50676;&#54616;&#44172; &#46895;&#50612;&#44256;&#52824;&#45716; &#8216;&#44256;&#52264;&#50896;&#51201; &#53076;&#46377;&#51032; &#49884;&#44036;&#8217;&#51076;&#51012; &#44648;&#45803;&#44172; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>1. &#50640;&#45320;&#51648; &#54785;&#47749;: &#54616;&#46300;&#50920;&#50612;&#51032; &#51204;&#44201;&#51201;&#51064; &#50629;&#44536;&#47112;&#51060;&#46300;</h3><p>&#51648;&#44396; &#49373;&#47749;&#51032; &#50885;&#51109;&#54620; &#50669;&#49324; &#49884;&#48044;&#47112;&#51060;&#49496; &#49549;&#50640;&#46020; &#51060;&#50752; &#50756;&#48317;&#55176; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#45716; &#46300;&#46972;&#47560;&#54001;&#54620; &#54056;&#47084;&#46021;&#49828;&#51032; &#49692;&#44036;&#51060; &#51316;&#51116;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50500;&#51452; &#50724;&#47000;&#51204;&#51064; &#50557; 24&#50613; &#45380; &#51204;, &#51648;&#44396;&#50640; &#8216;&#49328;&#49548;&#8217;&#46972;&#45716; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#48152;&#51025;&#49457; &#44592;&#52404;&#44032; &#52636;&#54788;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#44592;&#51316;&#51032; &#54800;&#44592;&#49457; &#45800;&#49464;&#54252; &#49373;&#47749;&#52404;&#46308;&#50640;&#44172;&#45716; &#54665;&#49457; &#51204;&#52404;&#44032; &#46244;&#51665;&#55176;&#45716; &#45824;&#47736;&#51333;&#51032; &#51116;&#50521;&#51060; &#52286;&#50500;&#50772;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51064;&#44284;&#51032; &#49324;&#49836;&#51008; &#47896;&#54620; &#54644;&#48277;&#51012; &#46020;&#52636;&#54644; &#45256;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50557; 18&#50613; &#45380; &#51204;, &#51648;&#44396;&#49345;&#51032; &#50612;&#46500; &#50857;&#44048;&#54620; &#45800;&#49464;&#54252; &#49689;&#51452; &#49373;&#47932;&#51060; &#52824;&#47749;&#51201;&#51064; &#49328;&#49548;&#47484; &#50724;&#55176;&#47140; &#44256;&#54952;&#50984;&#51032; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648;&#50896;&#51004;&#47196; &#48320;&#54872;&#54644; &#45236;&#45716; &#44592;&#53945;&#54620; &#46021;&#51088; &#48149;&#53580;&#47532;&#50500;&#47484; &#51088;&#49888;&#51032; &#47800; &#50504;&#51004;&#47196; &#48512;&#46300;&#47101;&#44172; &#48155;&#50500;&#46308;&#51060;&#45716; <strong>&#8216;&#49464;&#54252; &#45236; &#44277;&#49373;(Endosymbiosis)&#8217;</strong> &#50500;&#53412;&#53581;&#52376;&#47484; &#51060;&#47364;&#45240; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><pre><code><code>[&#50896;&#49884; &#49689;&#51452; &#49464;&#54252;] + [&#49328;&#49548; &#51060;&#50857; &#48149;&#53580;&#47532;&#50500;] &#9472;&#9472;(&#49464;&#54252; &#45236; &#44277;&#49373;)&#9472;&#9472;&gt; [&#48120;&#53664;&#53080;&#46300;&#47532;&#50500; &#51109;&#52265; &#44256;&#46321; &#49464;&#54252;]
                                                            &#9492;&#9472;&gt; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648; &#52636;&#47141; 15&#48176; &#49688;&#51649; &#49345;&#49849;
</code></code></pre><p>&#51060;&#44163;&#51060; &#50724;&#45720;&#45216; &#51064;&#44036;&#51012; &#54252;&#54632;&#54620; &#51648;&#44396;&#49345; &#47784;&#46304; &#44256;&#46321; &#49373;&#47932; &#49464;&#54252;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#48156;&#51204;&#49548;&#51064; &#8216;&#48120;&#53664;&#53080;&#46300;&#47532;&#50500;(Mitochondria)&#8217;&#51032; &#50948;&#45824;&#54620; &#53444;&#49373; &#47784;&#53468;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#44592;&#51201;&#51201;&#51064; &#54616;&#46300;&#50920;&#50612; &#44208;&#54633;&#51004;&#47196; &#51064;&#54644;, &#49373;&#47749;&#52404;&#45716; &#51060;&#51204; &#49464;&#45824;&#50752; &#48708;&#44368;&#54664;&#51012; &#46412; &#47924;&#47140; 15&#48176;&#44032; &#45336;&#45716; &#50517;&#46020;&#51201;&#51064; &#49373;&#52404; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648;&#47484; &#51088;&#50976;&#47213;&#44172; &#52636;&#47141;(Output)&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#51032; &#51068;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#52824;&#47732;, &#53580;&#45768;&#49828; &#52488;&#48372;&#51088;&#44032; &#44049;&#51088;&#44592; &#51204;&#49444;&#51201;&#51064; &#49440;&#49688;&#51032; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#54588;&#51648;&#52972;&#44284; &#52572;&#44256;&#44553; &#52852;&#48376; &#46972;&#53011;&#51012; &#45800;&#48264;&#50640; &#51109;&#52265;&#54620; &#44163;&#51060;&#44256;, &#50808;&#44397;&#50612; &#44277;&#48512;&#47196; &#52824;&#47732; &#47728;&#52832; &#47564;&#50640; &#49688;&#47564; &#45800;&#50612;&#44032; &#51221;&#48128;&#54616;&#44172; &#51064;&#45937;&#49905;&#46108; &#48177;&#44284;&#49324;&#51204; &#46160; &#44428;&#51032; &#54616;&#46300;&#46356;&#49828;&#53356;&#47484; &#45516; &#49549;&#50640; &#44536;&#45824;&#47196; &#51060;&#49885;&#48155;&#51008; &#49480;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>2. &#8216;&#51648;&#47336;&#54620; 10&#50613; &#45380;(Boring Billion)&#8217;: &#49548;&#54532;&#53944;&#50920;&#50612;&#47484; &#44396;&#52629;&#54616;&#45716; &#46041;&#44592;&#54868; &#49884;&#44036;</h3><p>&#51060;&#53664;&#47197; &#44053;&#47141;&#54616;&#44256; &#50517;&#46020;&#51201;&#51064; &#44256;&#54952;&#50984; &#50644;&#51652;&#51012; &#51204;&#44201; &#51109;&#52265;&#54664;&#51004;&#45768;, &#45824;&#51088;&#50672;&#51032; &#50669;&#49324; &#50948;&#47196; &#45817;&#51109; &#45576;&#48512;&#49884;&#44256; &#48373;&#51105;&#54620; &#45796;&#49464;&#54252; &#49373;&#47932;&#46308;&#51032; &#45824;&#51652;&#54868;&#44032; &#54253;&#48156;&#54616;&#46319; &#51060;&#50612;&#51276;&#51012; &#44163; &#44057;&#51648;&#47564;, &#49892;&#51228; &#51648;&#44396;&#51032; &#53440;&#51076;&#46972;&#51064; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#45716; &#50864;&#47532;&#51032; &#49457;&#44553;&#54620; &#50696;&#52769;&#51012; &#48372;&#44592; &#51339;&#44172; &#48176;&#48152;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49373;&#47749;&#51008; &#44536; &#44221;&#51060;&#47196;&#50868; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648; &#54785;&#47749;&#51012; &#50756;&#49688;&#54616;&#44256; &#45212; &#54980;, <strong>&#47924;&#47140; 10&#50613; &#45380;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#50500;&#46301;&#54620; &#49464;&#50900; &#46041;&#50504; &#50668;&#51204;&#55176; &#47676;&#51648;&#52376;&#47100; &#45576;&#50640; &#48372;&#51060;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#45800;&#49464;&#54252;&#51032; &#54805;&#53468;</strong>&#50640; &#44536;&#45824;&#47196; &#47672;&#47932;&#47084; &#51080;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51648;&#44396;&#44284;&#54617; &#48143; &#49373;&#47932;&#54617;&#44228;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#50557; 18&#50613; &#45380; &#51204;&#48512;&#53552; 8&#50613; &#45380; &#51204;&#44620;&#51648;&#51032; &#51060; &#50500;&#46301;&#54620; &#50516;&#55121;&#44592;&#47484; &#44032;&#47532;&#53020; &#44277;&#49885;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#8216;&#51648;&#47336;&#54620; 10&#50613; &#45380;(Boring Billion)&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#45257;&#49548;&#51201;&#51064; &#51060;&#47492;&#54364;&#47484; &#48537;&#50668; &#48512;&#47493;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44169;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#44592;&#50640;&#45716; &#49373;&#47749;&#51032; &#51652;&#54868; &#44452;&#51201;&#51060; &#47560;&#52824; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#51221;&#51648; &#49345;&#53468;&#52376;&#47100; &#50756;&#51204;&#55176; &#47688;&#52656; &#49436; &#51080;&#45716; &#44163;&#52376;&#47100; &#48372;&#50688;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45824;&#52404; &#51648;&#44396;&#51032; &#51228;&#50612;&#54032; &#46244;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#47924;&#49832; &#51068;&#51060; &#48268;&#50612;&#51648;&#44256; &#51080;&#50632;&#51012;&#44620;&#50836;?</p><p>&#54616;&#46300;&#50920;&#50612; &#50644;&#51652;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#50756;&#48317;&#54616;&#44172; &#51456;&#48708;&#46104;&#50632;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44536; &#54253;&#48156;&#51201;&#51064; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648;&#47484; &#50976;&#44592;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51228;&#50612;&#54616;&#50668; &#49688;&#51312; &#44060;&#51032; &#49464;&#54252;&#44032; &#45800; 1&#51032; &#50724;&#52264;&#46020; &#50630;&#51060; &#51068;&#49324;&#48520;&#46976;&#54616;&#44172; &#54801;&#47141;&#54644;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716; <strong>&#8216;&#48373;&#51105;&#44228; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51012; &#46028;&#47540; &#49548;&#54532;&#53944;&#50920;&#50612;&#8217;&#44032; &#50500;&#51649; &#44060;&#48156;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;</strong>&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45800;&#49464;&#54252;&#44032; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#45796;&#49464;&#54252; &#49373;&#47749;&#52404;&#47196; &#52264;&#50896; &#51060;&#54665;&#51012; &#54620;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008;, &#45800;&#49692;&#55176; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201;&#51064; &#45929;&#52824;&#50752; &#48380;&#47464;&#51012; &#50577;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48520;&#47532;&#45716; &#48708;&#45824;&#54868;&#44032; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44033; &#44060;&#48324; &#49464;&#54252;&#44032; &#51088;&#49888;&#51032; &#46021;&#47549;&#51201;&#51064; &#49373;&#51316;&#44428;&#51012; &#51068;&#48512; &#45236;&#47140;&#45459;&#44256;, &#50612;&#46500; &#49464;&#54252;&#45716; &#45800;&#45800;&#54620; &#48904;(Bone)&#44032; &#46104;&#44256;, &#50612;&#46500; &#49464;&#54252;&#45716; &#49888;&#54840;&#47484; &#52488;&#44256;&#49549;&#51004;&#47196; &#51204;&#46020;&#54616;&#45716; &#49888;&#44221;(Nerve)&#51060; &#46104;&#50612;, &#49436;&#47196;&#51032; &#49345;&#53468; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#45432;&#51060;&#51592; &#50630;&#51060; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#51452;&#44256;&#48155;&#45716; &#51221;&#44368;&#54620; &#8216;&#51204;&#49324; &#48143; &#54801;&#47141; &#47588;&#45684;&#50620; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084;&#8217;&#51060; &#54596;&#49688;&#51201;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#49709;&#44256;&#54620; &#49324;&#54924;&#51201; &#54633;&#51032;&#50752; &#48373;&#51105;&#54620; &#50976;&#51204;&#51201; &#53076;&#46377; &#45348;&#53944;&#50892;&#53356;&#47484; &#47924;&#44208;&#54616;&#44172; &#50756;&#49457;&#54644; &#45236;&#45716; &#45936;, &#49373;&#47749;&#51032; &#50669;&#49324;&#50640;&#45716; 10&#50613; &#45380;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#51648;&#46021;&#54616;&#44256;&#46020; &#50628;&#49689;&#54620; &#51221;&#52404;&#44592;&#51032; &#49464;&#50900;&#51060; &#54596;&#50672;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50836;&#44396;&#46104;&#50632;&#45912; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>3. &#51221;&#52404;&#44592;&#51032; &#47560;&#52840;&#54364;: &#52868;&#48652;&#47532;&#50500;&#44592; &#45824;&#54253;&#48156;&#44284; &#49345;&#51204;&#51060;</h3><p>&#47560;&#52840;&#45236; &#45236;&#48512;&#51032; &#51228;&#50612; &#49548;&#54532;&#53944;&#50920;&#50612;&#50752; &#47588;&#45684;&#50620; &#50500;&#53412;&#53581;&#52376;&#44032; 10&#50613; &#45380;&#51032; &#49464;&#50900;&#51012; &#44144;&#52432; 100% &#50756;&#48317;&#54616;&#44172; &#44054;&#52656;&#51648;&#51088;, &#51648;&#44396;&#51032; &#50669;&#49324;&#45716; &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#44284;&#54617; &#52293;&#50640;&#49436; &#44221;&#50808;&#44048;&#51004;&#47196; &#47560;&#51452;&#54616;&#45716; &#50948;&#45824;&#54620; &#8216;&#52868;&#48652;&#47532;&#50500;&#44592; &#45824;&#54253;&#48156;(Cambrian Explosion)&#8217;&#51032; &#49884;&#45824;&#47196; &#51204;&#44201; &#51652;&#51077;&#54616;&#44172; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50557; 6&#50613; &#45380; &#51204;&#51012; &#44592;&#51216;&#51004;&#47196;, &#50864;&#51452;&#51032; &#49828;&#52992;&#51068;&#47196; &#48372;&#47732; &#52272;&#45208;&#50640; &#48520;&#44284;&#54620; &#49688;&#52380;&#47564; &#45380;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#51687;&#51008; &#53440;&#51076;&#46972;&#51064; &#46041;&#50504;, &#51648;&#44396;&#49345;&#51032; &#48148;&#45796;&#50752; &#45824;&#51648; &#50948;&#50640;&#45716; &#51221;&#48128;&#54620; &#44305;&#54617; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#44032;&#51652; &#45576;(Eyes), &#47589;&#46041;&#54616;&#45716; &#49900;&#51109;(Heart), &#51648;&#47732;&#51012; &#51648;&#53489;&#54616;&#45716; &#45796;&#47532;(Legs)&#47484; &#51109;&#52265;&#54620; &#50728;&#44054; &#44592;&#49345;&#52380;&#50808;&#54616;&#44256; &#48373;&#51105;&#54620; &#45796;&#49464;&#54252; &#46041;&#47932; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#46308;&#51060; &#54868;&#47140;&#54616;&#44172; &#54253;&#48156;&#54616;&#46319; &#50143;&#50500;&#51256; &#45208;&#50772;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><blockquote><p><strong>&#49345;&#51204;&#51060;(Phase Transition):</strong> &#44228;(System)&#51032; &#50728;&#46020;&#45208; &#50517;&#47141; &#46321; &#48120;&#49464;&#54620; &#54028;&#46972;&#48120;&#53552;&#44032; &#52629;&#51201;&#46104;&#45796;&#44032;, &#50612;&#45712; &#51076;&#44228;&#51216;(Critical Point)&#51012; &#45336;&#50612;&#49436;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036; &#50620;&#51020;&#51060; &#47932;&#51060; &#46104;&#46319; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596; &#51204;&#52404;&#51032; &#44396;&#51312;&#50752; &#49457;&#51656;&#51060; &#48520;&#50672;&#49549;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44553;&#48320;&#54616;&#45716; &#47932;&#47532; &#54788;&#49345;.</p></blockquote><p>10&#50613; &#45380;&#44036; &#50808;&#48512;&#51032; &#50612;&#46500; &#49884;&#49440;&#50640;&#46020; &#55124;&#46308;&#47532;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; &#44618;&#51008; &#50612;&#46176; &#49549;&#50640;&#49436; &#51312;&#50857;&#55176; &#45236;&#44277;&#51012; &#49939;&#51004;&#47728; &#48716;&#46300;&#50629;&#54644; &#50728; &#44536; &#51221;&#44368;&#54620; &#47588;&#45684;&#50620; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51060;, &#47560;&#52840;&#45236; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201; &#54872;&#44221; &#48320;&#49688;&#50752; &#47564;&#45208; &#52268;&#46976;&#54620; &#8216;&#49345;&#51204;&#51060;&#8217;&#47484; &#51068;&#51004;&#53416; &#50669;&#49324;&#51032; &#49692;&#44036;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#47588;&#51068; &#47560;&#51452;&#54616;&#45716; &#51648;&#47336;&#54620; &#54617;&#49845;&#44284; &#54984;&#47144;&#51032; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608; &#50669;&#49884; &#51060; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#51652;&#54868;&#51032; &#48277;&#52825;&#44284; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; &#51068;&#52824;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#53580;&#45768;&#49828; &#53076;&#53944; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436;:</strong> &#49892;&#47141;&#51060; &#45800; &#54620;&#51088;&#46973;&#46020; &#45720;&#51648; 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&#45576;&#50640; &#44536; &#44256;&#46020;&#54868;&#46104;&#45716; &#45236;&#48512; &#44277;&#49324;&#51032; &#44284;&#51221;&#51060; &#51221;&#47049;&#51201; &#49688;&#52824;&#47196; &#45817;&#51109; &#52237;&#54784; &#45208;&#50724;&#51648; &#50506;&#51012; &#49104;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>&#47610;&#51004;&#47728;</h3><p>&#45817;&#49888;&#51032; &#50724;&#45720; &#54616;&#47336;&#44032; &#50976;&#46021; &#51648;&#47336;&#54616;&#44256;, &#50143;&#50500;&#48512;&#51008; &#45432;&#47141; &#45824;&#48708; &#44032;&#49884;&#51201;&#51064; &#49457;&#44284; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#51204;&#54784; &#46020;&#52636;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#50500; &#51648;&#52432; &#51080;&#45208;&#50836;?</p><p>&#50612;&#51788;&#47732; &#45817;&#49888;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#50948;&#45824;&#54620; &#51316;&#51116;&#45716; &#51648;&#44552;, &#54999;&#45216;&#51032; &#45824;&#46020;&#50557;&#51012; &#50948;&#54644; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#53076;&#50612;&#47484; &#45796;&#46316;&#45716; 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&#51208;&#45824; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060; &#51312;&#44552; &#45908; &#54596;&#50836;&#54624; &#49104;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51648;&#44396; &#51652;&#54868;&#49324; &#49549; 10&#50613; &#45380;&#51032; &#51648;&#46021;&#54620; &#51221;&#52404;&#44592;&#47484; &#47925;&#47925;&#55176; &#44204;&#45964;&#45240; &#48120;&#50557;&#54620; &#45800;&#49464;&#54252; &#49373;&#47749;&#51060;, &#44208;&#44397; &#52868;&#48652;&#47532;&#50500;&#44592;&#51032; &#52268;&#46976;&#54616;&#44256; &#50885;&#51109;&#54620; &#45824;&#54253;&#48156;&#51012; &#51068;&#44396;&#50612;&#45236;&#47728; &#51060; &#54665;&#49457;&#51032; &#51452;&#51064;&#51060; &#46104;&#50632;&#46319;, &#50724;&#45720; &#45817;&#49888;&#51060; &#47560;&#51452;&#54620; &#44536; &#51648;&#47336;&#54620; &#51228;&#51088;&#47532;&#44152;&#51020; &#46608;&#54620; &#47672;&#51648;&#50506;&#50500; &#52286;&#50500;&#50732; &#45576;&#48512;&#49888; &#51064;&#49373;&#51032; &#49345;&#51204;&#51060;&#47484; &#50948;&#54620; &#44032;&#51109; &#49457;&#49892;&#54616;&#44256; &#44221;&#44148;&#54620; &#51456;&#48708;&#51032; &#49884;&#44036;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#47084;&#45768; &#45576;&#50526;&#51032; &#49828;&#53356;&#47536;&#50640; &#45817;&#51109; &#51221;&#45813;&#51060; &#52636;&#47141;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;&#44256; &#54644;&#49436; &#44208;&#53076; &#45209;&#45812;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#54252;&#44592;&#54616;&#51648; &#47560;&#49901;&#49884;&#50724;.</p><p>&#45817;&#49888;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#51316;&#50628;&#54620; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#52980;&#54028;&#51068;&#47084;&#45716;, &#51648;&#44552; &#51060; &#49692;&#44036;&#50640;&#46020; &#44536; &#50612;&#46500; &#53440;&#51076;&#46972;&#51064;&#50640;&#49436;&#48372;&#45796; &#52824;&#50676;&#54616;&#44256; &#45800;&#54840;&#54616;&#44172;, &#48148;&#47196; &#45796;&#51020; &#45800;&#44228;&#51032; &#50948;&#45824;&#54620; &#45817;&#49888;&#51032; &#47784;&#49845;&#51012; &#51221;&#48128;&#54616;&#44172; &#8216;&#53076;&#46377;&#8217;&#54644; &#44032;&#44256; &#51080;&#51004;&#45768;&#44620;&#50836;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[국그릇을 사며 배운 머신러닝: 안목이라는 이름의 최적화]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#50500;&#45236;&#46972;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#49483; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#50556;&#45800;&#47582;&#51648; &#50506;&#51012; &#54869;&#47456;&#51012; &#44228;&#49328;&#54616;&#45716; &#49334;&#50640; &#45824;&#54616;&#50668;]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/90f</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/90f</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 21:25:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/44812769-49ba-4fe0-8630-850174ce5b2c_545x362.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#52376;&#51020; &#8216;&#47672;&#49888;&#47084;&#45789;(Machine Learning)&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#44060;&#45392;&#51012; &#51217;&#54664;&#51012; &#46412;, &#51200;&#45716; &#47896;&#54620; &#44592;&#49884;&#44048;&#51012; &#45712;&#44808;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51064;&#44277;&#51648;&#45733;&#51060; &#48169;&#45824;&#54620; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#44144;&#52824;&#47728; &#51221;&#45813;&#51032; &#54869;&#47456;&#51012; &#45458;&#50668;&#44032;&#45716; &#44284;&#51221;&#51060;, &#51648;&#45212; &#49464;&#50900; &#51228;&#44032; &#50500;&#45236;&#50640;&#44172; &#50556;&#45800;&#51012; &#47582;&#51004;&#47728; &#8216;&#49332;&#50500;&#45224;&#45716; &#48277;&#8217;&#51012; &#53552;&#46301;&#54644;&#50728; &#44284;&#51221;&#44284; &#45320;&#47924;&#45208; &#45806;&#50500; &#51080;&#50632;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49324;&#44148;&#51008; &#50500;&#51452; &#49324;&#49548;&#54620; &#49900;&#48512;&#47492;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#51089;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50612;&#45712; &#45216; &#50500;&#45236;&#51032; &#48512;&#53441;&#51004;&#47196; &#44397;&#44536;&#47495;&#51012; &#49324;&#47084; &#44052;&#51012; &#46412;&#51032; &#51068;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#51088;&#51064; &#51228;&#44172; &#44536;&#47495;&#51032; &#48376;&#51656;&#51008; &#44036;&#45800;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. <strong>&#8216;&#50529;&#52404;&#47484; &#45812;&#45716; &#50857;&#44592;.&#8217;</strong></p><p>&#51200;&#45716; &#44536; &#44592;&#45733;&#50640; &#44032;&#51109; &#52649;&#49892;&#54616;&#44256; &#44648;&#45143;&#54644; &#48372;&#51060;&#45716;, &#50500;&#47924;&#47088; &#47928;&#50577;&#46020; &#44404;&#44257;&#46020; &#50630;&#45716; &#48139;&#48139;&#54616;&#44256; &#53804;&#48149;&#54620; &#55152;&#49353; &#54540;&#46972;&#49828;&#54001; &#44536;&#47495;&#51012; &#44264;&#46992;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47560;&#52824; &#45824;&#54617; &#49892;&#54744;&#49892;&#51032; &#48708;&#52964;&#45208; &#45824;&#54805; &#44553;&#49885;&#49548;&#50640;&#49436;&#45208; &#47560;&#51452;&#52832; &#48277;&#54620; &#51221;&#51649;&#54620; &#47932;&#44148;&#51060;&#50632;&#51424;. &#51060;&#44152; &#48372;&#44256; &#46028;&#50500;&#50728; &#50500;&#45236;&#51032; &#48152;&#51025;&#51008; &#46907;&#48150;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p><em>&#8220;&#50780; &#50500;&#47924; &#49353;&#46020;, &#49457;&#51032;&#46020; &#50630;&#45716; &#51060;&#47111;&#44172; &#50032;&#47105;&#54620; &#44536;&#47495;&#51012; &#49324; &#50772;&#50612;?&#8221;</em></p><p>&#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#55152;&#49353;&#51008; &#47784;&#46304; &#48731;&#51012; &#48152;&#49324;&#54616;&#45716; &#49345;&#53468;&#51060;&#44256;, &#44592;&#45733;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#51020;&#49885;&#51032; &#49353;&#51012; &#44032;&#51109; &#53804;&#47749;&#54616;&#44172; &#48372;&#50668;&#51452;&#45716; &#52572;&#51201;&#51032; &#49440;&#53469;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50529;&#52404;&#47484; &#45812;&#45716; &#44536;&#47495;&#50640; &#50780; &#47928;&#50577;&#51060;&#45208; &#44208;&#51060; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620;&#51648; &#51200;&#45716; &#51060;&#54644;&#54624; &#49688; &#50630;&#50632;&#51648;&#47564;, &#48708;&#45212;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#54168;&#45328;&#54000;&#47484; &#54588;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#51228; &#54665;&#46041; &#47784;&#45944;&#51012; &#49688;&#51221;&#54644;&#50556;&#47564; &#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>&#44284;&#46020;&#54620; &#48372;&#51221;(Over-correction)&#51060; &#48512;&#47480; &#51064;&#51648;&#51201; &#52280;&#49324;</h3><p>&#45796;&#51020;&#48264;&#50640;&#45716; &#51648;&#45212;&#48264;&#51032; &#50724;&#47448;&#47484; &#48372;&#51221;&#54644; &#49353;&#44628;&#51060; &#51080;&#45716; &#44536;&#47495;&#51012; &#44264;&#46992;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#8216;&#51060; &#51221;&#46020;&#47732; &#44316;&#52270;&#44192;&#51648;&#8217; &#49910;&#50632;&#51648;&#47564;, &#50500;&#45236;&#45716; &#45796;&#49884; &#44256;&#44060;&#47484; &#51200;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p><em>&#8220;&#50612;&#51788;&#47732; &#51060;&#47111;&#44172; &#50976;&#52824;&#54616;&#44172; &#50508;&#47197;&#45804;&#47197;&#54620; &#44152; &#44264;&#46992;&#50612;?&#8221;</em></p><p>&#51452;&#48320; &#49885;&#44592;&#46308;&#44284;&#51032; &#51312;&#54868;&#47484; &#44256;&#47140;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008;, &#44277;&#54617;&#50640;&#49436; &#47568;&#54616;&#45716; &#8216;&#44284;&#46020;&#54620; &#48372;&#51221;(Over-correction)&#8217;&#51060; &#48512;&#47480; &#52280;&#49324;&#50688;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536; &#54980;&#47196;&#46020; &#47751; &#48264;&#51032; &#49884;&#54665;&#52265;&#50724;&#44032; &#45908; &#51080;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51452;&#48320;&#44284;&#51032; &#49353; &#48320;&#54868;&#44032; &#51201;&#51008; &#44163;, &#45320;&#47924; &#53888;&#51648; &#50506;&#51004;&#47732;&#49436;&#46020; &#48139;&#48139;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#44163;... &#51200;&#45716; &#44536;&#47111;&#44172; &#50668;&#47084; &#48264; &#50500;&#45236;&#51032; &#54588;&#46300;&#48177;&#51012; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#49340;&#50500; &#51228; &#49440;&#53469;&#51032; &#44032;&#51473;&#52824;(Weight)&#47484; &#48120;&#49464;&#54616;&#44172; &#51312;&#51221;&#54644; &#45208;&#44052;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#47560;&#52840;&#45236;, &#47924;&#52292;&#49353; &#50948;&#51452;&#51060;&#46104; &#51008;&#51008;&#54620; &#44208;&#51060; &#49332;&#50500;&#51080;&#45716; &#44536;&#47495;&#51012; &#45236;&#48128;&#50632;&#51012; &#46412; &#50500;&#45236;&#45716; &#52376;&#51020;&#51004;&#47196; &#54872;&#54616;&#44172; &#50883;&#51004;&#47728; &#47568;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p><em>&#8220;&#45817;&#49888;, &#51060;&#51228;&#50556; &#51328; &#50696;&#49696; &#44048;&#44033;&#51060; &#49373;&#44220;&#45348;.&#8221;</em></p><p>&#50500;&#45236;&#45716; &#51228;&#44032; &#50696;&#49696;&#51012; &#51060;&#54644;&#54616;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54664;&#45796;&#44256; &#48127;&#45716; &#47784;&#50577;&#51060;&#50632;&#51648;&#47564;, &#49556;&#51649;&#55176; &#44256;&#48177;&#54616;&#51088;&#47732; &#51200;&#45716; &#44536;&#46412;&#46020; &#50696;&#49696;&#51060; &#47924;&#50631;&#51064;&#51648; &#47792;&#46992;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51228;&#44032; &#54620; &#51068;&#51008; &#48120;&#54617;&#51201; &#53685;&#52272;&#51012; &#48156;&#55064;&#54620; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#44536;&#51200; <strong>&#8216;&#50556;&#45800;&#47582;&#51648; &#50506;&#51012; &#54869;&#47456;&#8217;&#51060; &#44032;&#51109; &#45458;&#51008; &#51648;&#51216;&#51012; &#52286;&#50500; &#45576;&#52824;&#47484; &#48376; &#44163;&#49104;</strong>&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54168;&#45328;&#54000;&#47484; &#54588;&#54616;&#44256; &#48372;&#49345;&#51012; &#50619;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#44208;&#44284;&#44050;&#51012; &#49688;&#51221;&#54644;&#50728;, &#51648;&#44537;&#55176; &#44277;&#54617;&#51201;&#51064; &#47672;&#49888;&#47084;&#45789;&#51032; &#44208;&#44284;&#47932;&#51060;&#50632;&#51424;.</p><h3>&#50504;&#47785;&#44284; &#44368;&#50577;, &#50724;&#47448; &#52572;&#49548;&#54868;&#44032; &#47564;&#46304; &#52572;&#51201;&#54868;&#51032; &#49328;&#47932;</h3><p>&#44536;&#47088;&#45936; &#51060; &#51648;&#51216;&#50640;&#49436; &#54620; &#44032;&#51648; &#51032;&#47928;&#51060; &#46317;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47111;&#45796;&#47732; &#50864;&#47532; &#51064;&#44036;&#51008; &#51652;&#51676;&#47196; &#50696;&#49696;&#51012; &#51060;&#54644;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#44152;&#44620;&#50836;?</p><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#8216;&#50504;&#47785;&#8217;&#51060;&#46972; &#48512;&#47476;&#44256; &#8216;&#44368;&#50577;&#8217;&#51060;&#46972; &#52845;&#49569;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#46308;&#46020;, &#49324;&#49892;&#51008; &#49324;&#54924;&#46972;&#45716; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#49828;&#49849;&#50640;&#44172; &#51060;&#47532;&#51200;&#47532; &#52824;&#51060;&#44256; &#44622;&#51060;&#47728; &#54617;&#49845;&#46108; &#44208;&#44284;&#44050;&#51008; &#50500;&#45776;&#44620;&#50836;. &#50612;&#47536; &#49884;&#51208;&#48512;&#53552; <em>&#8220;&#44536;&#44148; &#52492;&#49828;&#47084;&#50868; &#44144;&#50556;&#8221;</em>, *&#8221;&#51060;&#44148; &#49464;&#47144;&#46108; &#44144;&#50556;&#8221;*&#46972;&#45716; &#48372;&#51060;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#51092;&#49548;&#47532;&#46308;&#50640; &#48152;&#51025;&#54616;&#47728;, &#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#51088;&#44592;&#46020; &#47784;&#47476;&#44172; &#8216;&#51221;&#45813;&#51060;&#46972;&#44256; &#50668;&#44200;&#51648;&#45716; &#54056;&#53556;&#8217;&#51004;&#47196; &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#49888;&#51012; &#52572;&#51201;&#54868;&#54644;&#50728; &#44163;&#51008; &#50500;&#45776;&#51648;&#46020; &#47784;&#47493;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45800;&#49692;&#55176; &#44536;&#47495; &#54616;&#45208;&#47484; &#44256;&#47476;&#45716; &#51068;&#48512;&#53552; &#51064;&#49373;&#51032; &#44032;&#52824;&#44288;&#51012; &#51221;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#44620;&#51648;, &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#44032;&#51652; &#8216;&#44618;&#51008; &#49373;&#44033;&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#50612;&#51788;&#47732; &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#49884;&#54665;&#52265;&#50724; &#45149;&#50640; &#50619;&#50612;&#45240; &#8216;&#50724;&#47448; &#52572;&#49548;&#54868;(Loss Minimization)&#51032; &#49328;&#47932;&#8217;&#51068;&#51648;&#46020; &#47784;&#47493;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#50696;&#49696;&#51012; &#49324;&#46993;&#54620;&#45796;&#44256; &#48127;&#45716; &#44536; &#47560;&#51020;&#51312;&#52264;, &#49324;&#49892;&#51008; &#51060; &#49324;&#54924;&#46972;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#49483; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; *&#8221;&#51060;&#44163;&#51012; &#51339;&#50500;&#54620;&#45796;&#44256; &#47568;&#54624; &#46412; &#44032;&#51109; &#50504;&#51204;&#54616;&#44256; &#45458;&#51008; &#51216;&#49688;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716;&#45796;&#8221;*&#45716; &#44163;&#51012; &#54617;&#49845;&#54620; &#48376;&#45733;&#51068;&#51648;&#46020; &#47784;&#47480;&#45796;&#45716; &#46907;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>&#53440;&#51064;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#54872;&#44221; &#49549;&#50640;&#49436; &#54028;&#46972;&#48120;&#53552;&#47484; &#51312;&#51221;&#54616;&#45716; &#49334;</h3><p>&#48708;&#47197; &#51200;&#45716; &#50668;&#51204;&#55176; &#50696;&#49696;&#51032; &#48376;&#51656;&#51012; &#47749;&#53132;&#54616;&#44172; &#51221;&#51032;&#54616;&#51648; &#47803;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#50724;&#45720;&#46020; &#50500;&#45236;&#51032; &#52712;&#54693;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#50640; &#51200;&#47484; &#47582;&#52628;&#47728;, &#51312;&#44552; &#45908; &#8216;&#50696;&#49696;&#51012; &#50500;&#45716; &#49324;&#46988;&#8217;&#52376;&#47100; &#48372;&#51068; &#49688; &#51080;&#46020;&#47197; &#51228; &#49334;&#51032; &#54028;&#46972;&#48120;&#53552;(Parameter)&#47484; &#51312;&#51221;&#54644; &#48389;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50612;&#51788;&#47732; &#51064;&#44036;&#51060; &#49332;&#50500;&#44036;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008;, &#45208;&#46972;&#45716; &#51316;&#51116;&#44032; &#53440;&#51064;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#54872;&#44221;&#44284; &#48512;&#46378;&#55176;&#47728; &#45130;&#51076;&#50630;&#51060; &#51088;&#49888;&#51012; &#48372;&#51221;&#54644; &#45208;&#44032;&#45716; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#47672;&#49888;&#47084;&#45789;&#51032; &#44284;&#51221; &#44536; &#51088;&#52404;&#51068;&#51648;&#46020; &#47784;&#47476;&#44192;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536; &#54617;&#49845;&#51032; &#45149;&#50640; &#46020;&#45804;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#51652;&#51676; &#50696;&#49696;&#51064;&#51648;, &#50500;&#45768;&#47732; &#45800;&#51648; &#49464;&#47144;&#46108; &#45576;&#52824;&#51064;&#51648;&#45716; &#50668;&#51204;&#55176; &#50508; &#49688; &#50630;&#51648;&#47564; &#47568;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What Buying a Soup Bowl Taught Me About Machine Learning]]></title><description><![CDATA[On calculating the probability of survival within my wife's dataset.]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/what-buying-a-soup-bowl-taught-me</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/what-buying-a-soup-bowl-taught-me</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 21:21:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a624c18-8238-423c-aa27-43bb00da61d1_545x362.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When I first encountered the concept of Machine Learning, I felt a strange sense of <em>d&#233;j&#224; vu</em>. The process by which an AI improves its accuracy through vast amounts of data looked suspiciously like how I have spent years learning &#8220;how to survive&#8221; under my wife&#8217;s gentle scolding.</p><p>It all started with a simple chore: buying a soup bowl.</p><p>To my physicist mind, the essence of a bowl was straightforward: <strong>A vessel designed to contain liquid.</strong></p><p>Naturally, I picked a plain, utilitarian white plastic bowl with no patterns, curves, or embellishments&#8212;the most functional, honest-looking item available. It looked like something straight out of a university lab or an industrial cafeteria.</p><p>My wife&#8217;s reaction upon seeing it was unexpected:</p><p><em>&#8220;Why on earth did you buy something so bland, colorless, and utterly lacking in care?&#8221;</em></p><p>Physically speaking, white is the state of reflecting all light, and functionally, it is the optimal choice for displaying the color of food without distortion. I couldn&#8217;t comprehend why a liquid container needed patterns or textures. But to avoid the penalty of criticism, I had to update my behavioral model.</p><h3>Cognitive Disaster Born of Over-Correction</h3><p>For my next attempt, I corrected my previous error and selected a bowl with colors. Thinking, <em>&#8216;This should do,&#8217;</em> I presented it, but she shook her head again.</p><p><em>&#8220;How could you pick something so childishly tacky?&#8221;</em></p><p>It was a cognitive disaster brought on by <strong>Over-correction</strong>&#8212;adjusting the output without accounting for the surrounding environment (the existing tableware).</p><p>Several more iterations followed. Choosing items with subtle color contrasts, something that wasn&#8217;t too flashy yet not completely plain... Using my wife&#8217;s feedback as training data, I finely tuned the weights of my selection process.</p><p>Finally, when I presented a neutral-toned bowl with a subtle, delicate texture, she smiled warmly for the first time.</p><p><em>&#8220;Look at you! You&#8217;re finally developing an artistic eye.&#8221;</em></p><p>She seemed to believe I had begun to grasp the essence of art. But to be honest, I still had no idea what art was. I hadn&#8217;t exercised aesthetic intuition; I had simply surveyed the landscape to find the coordinates with the <strong>highest probability of avoiding scolding</strong>. It was a purely engineering outcome&#8212;a machine learning model adjusting its outputs to minimize penalties and maximize rewards.</p><h3>Good Taste and Culture: Products of Loss Minimization?</h3><p>This brings me to a fundamental question: Do we, as humans, truly understand art?</p><p>Could what we call &#8220;good taste&#8221; and praise as &#8220;cultivation&#8221; merely be the optimized outputs learned through a lifetime of being bumped and shaped by society? Since childhood, reacting to invisible signals like <em>&#8220;That&#8217;s tacky&#8221;</em> or <em>&#8220;This is sophisticated,&#8221;</em> haven&#8217;t we unconsciously optimized ourselves toward <strong>patterns dictated as &#8216;correct&#8217;</strong>?</p><p>From picking a simple soup bowl to defining our life values, what we consider &#8220;deep reflection&#8221; might just be the <strong>product of loss minimization</strong> achieved through trial and error. Even our belief that we love art might stem from a learned instinct&#8212;knowing that declaring a preference for certain things earns us the safest and highest scores within society&#8217;s dataset.</p><h3>Adjusting Parameters Within the Environment of Others</h3><p>I still cannot clearly define the true nature of art. Yet today, I continue to align myself with the dataset of my wife&#8217;s preferences, adjusting the parameters of my life to appear just a bit more like someone who &#8220;understands art.&#8221;</p><p>Perhaps human life itself is a grand machine learning process&#8212;a continuous self-calibration of our existence as it collides with the environment of others.</p><p>Whether what lies at the end of this learning process is true art, or merely a sophisticated sense of reading the room, remains to be seen.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[똑같은 파편음,다른 알고리즘: 달팽이와 선택적 연민]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#45208;&#51032; &#8216;&#44221;&#44228;(Boundary)&#8217;&#44032; &#44208;&#51221;&#54616;&#45716; &#44032;&#48320;&#51201; &#51221;&#51032;&#51032; &#54632;&#49688;]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/681</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/681</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:30:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/w_424, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/w_848, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/f_webp, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="/__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png" width="462" height="312" 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/__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png 424w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/w_848, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png 848w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/w_1272, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png 1272w, /__u/substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v5kS!, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/w_1456, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/c_limit, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/f_auto, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/q_auto:good, /__u/ymkimphd.substack.com/fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d0abee7-0c82-463e-81a1-f2309e7f69d2_462x312.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#50724;&#47000;&#51204; &#53748;&#44540;&#44600;, &#50612;&#49828;&#47492; &#49549;&#50640;&#49436; &#48156;&#48145;&#51004;&#47196; &#51204;&#54644;&#51652; &#48520;&#53132;&#54620; &#54028;&#54200;&#51020;&#51060; &#50500;&#51649;&#46020; &#44592;&#50613;&#50640; &#49373;&#49373;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45796;&#51020; &#45216; &#50500;&#52840;, &#52264;&#44032;&#50868; &#48372;&#46020; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436; &#51004;&#44648;&#51652; &#45804;&#54077;&#51060; &#54620; &#47560;&#47532;&#47484; &#48156;&#44204;&#54664;&#51012; &#46412; &#51200;&#45716; &#50728;&#51333;&#51068; &#47560;&#51020;&#51060; &#51339;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51200;&#51032; &#48512;&#51452;&#51032;&#44032; &#47924;&#44256;&#54620; &#49373;&#47749;&#51012; &#50519;&#50500;&#44052;&#45796;&#45716; &#49324;&#49892;&#50640; &#48120;&#50504;&#54632;&#51060; &#44032;&#49884;&#51656; &#50506;&#50520;&#51424;. &#44536;&#46412; &#51200;&#50640;&#44172; &#45804;&#54077;&#51060;&#45716; &#48372;&#54840;&#48155;&#50500;&#50556; &#54624; &#50672;&#50557;&#54620; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228;&#51032; &#51068;&#48512;&#51060;&#51088;, &#51200;&#51032; &#49324;&#44033;&#51648;&#45824;(Blind spot)&#44032; &#45235;&#51008; &#48708;&#44537;&#51201; &#55148;&#49373;&#51088;&#50688;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#49464;&#50900;&#51060; &#55128;&#47084; &#46263;&#47560;&#45817; &#54868;&#45800;&#50640; &#48176;&#52628;&#47484; &#49900;&#51004;&#47728; &#49548;&#48149;&#54620; &#49688;&#54869;&#51032; &#44592;&#49256;&#51012; &#45000;&#44984;&#45912; &#46412;, &#49345;&#54889;&#51008; 180&#46020; &#45804;&#46972;&#51276;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>1. &#50808;&#48512; &#48320;&#49688;&#50640;&#49436; &#45236;&#48512;&#51032; &#51201;(&#25973;)&#51004;&#47196;</strong></h3><p>&#51221;&#49457;&#44751; &#53412;&#50868; &#48176;&#52628; &#51086;&#49324;&#44480;&#46308;&#51060; &#54805;&#52404;&#46020; &#50630;&#51060; &#46895;&#44200;&#45208;&#44032;&#45716; &#44163;&#51012; &#48372;&#47728; &#51200;&#51032; &#8216;&#44288;&#47532;&#51088;&#51201; &#48376;&#45733;&#8217;&#51008; &#48708;&#49345;&#48296;&#51012; &#50872;&#47160;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#48276;&#51064;&#51008; &#50612;&#46176;&#51012; &#53960;&#53440; &#45208;&#53440;&#45212; &#49688;&#49901; &#47560;&#47532;&#51032; &#45804;&#54077;&#51060; &#46524;&#50688;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45712;&#47551;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51665;&#50836;&#54616;&#44172; &#51200;&#51032; &#49548;&#50976;&#47932;&#51012; &#51104;&#49885;&#54616;&#45912; &#44536;&#46308;&#51012; &#54616;&#45208;&#54616;&#45208; &#51105;&#50500; &#47784;&#51004;&#45716; &#46041;&#50504;, &#50696;&#51204;&#50640; &#45712;&#44808;&#45912; &#44536; &#50528;&#53963;&#54620; &#50672;&#48124;&#51008; &#50612;&#46356;&#47200;&#44032; &#49324;&#46972;&#51648;&#44256; &#50630;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54620;&#44275;&#50640; &#47784;&#51064; &#45804;&#54077;&#51060;&#46308;&#51012; &#45800;&#54840;&#54616;&#44172; &#52376;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036;, &#51228; &#47560;&#51020;&#49549;&#50644; &#48120;&#50504;&#54632; &#45824;&#49888; &#52840;&#51077;&#51088;&#47484; &#49548;&#53461;&#54664;&#45796;&#45716; &#52264;&#44032;&#50868; &#50504;&#46020;&#44048;&#51060; &#51088;&#47532; &#51105;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46609;&#44057;&#51008; &#45804;&#54077;&#51060;&#50688;&#44256;, &#46609;&#44057;&#51008; &#54028;&#54200;&#51020;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51228;&#44032; &#45712;&#45184; &#44048;&#51221;&#51032; &#51652;&#46041;&#51008; &#51204;&#54784; &#45804;&#46992;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#44600; &#50948;&#51032; &#45804;&#54077;&#51060;:</strong> &#51200;&#51032; &#49464;&#44228;&#50752; &#52649;&#46028;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#8217;&#50808;&#48512; &#48320;&#49688;(External Variable)&#8217;&#50688;&#44592;&#50640; &#46020;&#45909;&#51201; &#44208;&#48317;&#51012; &#50976;&#51648;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#54868;&#45800; &#50504;&#51032; &#45804;&#54077;&#51060;:</strong> &#51228; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648;&#47484; &#53448;&#52712;&#54616;&#45716; &#8217;&#45236;&#48512;&#51032; &#51201;&#8217;&#51004;&#47196; &#44508;&#51221;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#45824;&#49345;&#51008; &#48320;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#51004;&#45208;, &#44536; &#45824;&#49345;&#51060; &#51200;&#51032; <strong>&#8216;&#44221;&#44228;(Boundary)&#8217;</strong> &#50504;&#51004;&#47196; &#46308;&#50612;&#50752; &#51060;&#54644;&#44288;&#44228;&#47484; &#44148;&#46300;&#47532;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036;, &#51200;&#51032; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608;&#51008; &#50672;&#48124;&#51012; &#49325;&#51228;&#54616;&#44256; &#49373;&#51316;&#44284; &#51025;&#51669;&#51032; &#47196;&#51649;&#51012; &#44032;&#46041;&#54620; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>2. &#44032;&#48320;&#51201;&#51064; &#51221;&#51032;&#51032; &#54632;&#49688;</strong></h3><p>&#44277;&#54617;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#49444;&#44228;&#46108; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51008; &#51077;&#47141;&#44050;&#51060; &#51076;&#44228;&#52824;&#47484; &#45336;&#51004;&#47732; &#52264;&#45800; &#54596;&#53552;&#47484; &#44032;&#46041;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50864;&#47532;&#51032; &#47560;&#51020;&#46020; &#51060;&#50752; &#48708;&#49847;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#8216;&#45208;&#8217;&#46972;&#45716; &#44221;&#44228;&#49440; &#48150;&#51032; &#48708;&#44537;&#50640;&#45716; &#54620;&#50630;&#51060; &#44256;&#44208;&#54620; &#55092;&#47672;&#45768;&#49828;&#53944;&#44032; &#46104;&#45796;&#44032;&#46020;, &#8216;&#45208;&#51032; &#44163;&#8217;&#51012; &#52840;&#48276;&#54616;&#45716; &#49324;&#49548;&#54620; &#49552;&#54644; &#50526;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#44032;&#52264; &#50630;&#45716; &#49900;&#54032;&#44288;&#51060; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50612;&#51788;&#47732; &#51064;&#44036;&#51060; &#47568;&#54616;&#45716; &#8216;&#51221;&#51032;&#8217;&#46976; &#44256;&#51221;&#46108; &#49345;&#49688;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#45208;&#51032; &#50689;&#50669;&#51012; &#51648;&#53412;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#49444;&#51221;&#46108; &#8217;&#44032;&#48320;&#51201;&#51064; &#54632;&#49688;&#8217;&#51068;&#51648;&#46020; &#47784;&#47493;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49345;&#54889;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#54644;&#49345;&#46020;&#47484; &#45804;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#51200;&#51032; &#49440;&#53469;&#51201; &#50672;&#48124;&#51012; &#47560;&#51452;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#44260;&#54841;&#49828;&#47101;&#51648;&#47564;, &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#44536;&#44163;&#51060; &#51064;&#44036;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#48520;&#50756;&#51204;&#54620; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#48124;&#50620;&#44404;&#51076;&#51012; &#51064;&#51221;&#54616;&#44172; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>&#47610;&#51020;&#47568;: &#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#44277;&#54217;&#54620; &#51200;&#50872;&#51012; &#44032;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#51012;&#44620;</strong></h3><p>&#48176;&#52628; &#51086;&#49324;&#44480;&#45716; &#45796;&#49884; &#46027;&#50500;&#45208;&#44192;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44536;&#45216; &#48164; &#51228;&#44032; &#44536;&#50612;&#48260;&#47536; &#47560;&#51020;&#51032; &#44221;&#44228;&#49440;&#51008; &#50668;&#51204;&#55176; &#49440;&#47749;&#54616;&#44172; &#45224;&#50500;&#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#44284;&#50672; &#53440;&#51064;&#51032; &#44256;&#53685; &#50526;&#50640; &#44277;&#54217;&#54620; &#51200;&#50872;&#51012; &#44032;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#51012;&#44620;&#50836;? &#50500;&#45768;&#47732; &#54217;&#49373; &#8216;&#45208;&#8217;&#46972;&#45716; &#51329;&#51008; &#54868;&#45800;&#51012; &#51648;&#53412;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644;, &#44600; &#50948;&#51032; &#45804;&#54077;&#51060;&#47564;&#51012; &#49324;&#46993;&#54616;&#47728; &#49332;&#50500;&#44032;&#45716; &#50948;&#49440;&#51201;&#51064; &#49444;&#44228;&#51088;&#50640; &#48520;&#44284;&#54620; &#44163;&#51068;&#44620;&#50836;?</p><p>&#50668;&#47084;&#48516;&#51008; &#50724;&#45720; &#50668;&#47084;&#48516;&#51032; &#54868;&#45800;&#51012; &#52840;&#48276;&#54620; &#45572;&#44400;&#44032;&#50640;&#44172; &#50612;&#46500; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608;&#51012; &#51201;&#50857;&#54616;&#49512;&#45208;&#50836;? </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[유능한 선생이 제자를 망치는 법: '최선의 가르침'이 '최악의 결과'를 만든 역설에 대하여]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#49892;&#54056;&#51032; &#49548;&#44144;&#44032; &#49552;&#49892; &#54632;&#49688; &#44228;&#49328;&#51012; &#47560;&#48708;&#49884;&#53420; &#46412; &#48156;&#49373;&#54616;&#45716; &#51064;&#51648;&#51201; &#44284;&#51201;&#54633;. &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#51648;&#47492;&#44600;&#51012; &#44032;&#47476;&#52432;&#51452;&#45716; &#50976;&#45733;&#54632;&#48372;&#45796;, &#54632;&#44760; &#48120;&#47196;&#50640;&#49436; &#54756;&#47596; &#51460; &#50500;&#45716; &#48169;&#44288;&#51060; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#51060;&#50976;.]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/347</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/347</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2026 07:45:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bdcf8b86-ed6e-4d62-babc-688488faeb21_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#50724;&#47019;&#46041;&#50504; &#50644;&#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#47196; &#51068;&#54616;&#47728; &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#49548;&#49828;&#53076;&#46300;&#47484; &#51676;&#44256; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#48260;&#44536;&#47484; &#51105;&#50500;&#50772;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54868;&#47732; &#46244;&#50640; &#49704;&#51008; &#44592;&#44228;&#51201; &#47700;&#52964;&#45768;&#51608;&#51012; &#51228;&#50612;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#50640;&#45716; &#45572;&#44396;&#48372;&#45796; &#51088;&#49888; &#51080;&#50632;&#44592;&#50640;, &#44256;&#46321;&#54617;&#49373;&#46308;&#51032; &#52980;&#54504;&#53552; &#54532;&#47196;&#44536;&#47000;&#48141; &#44221;&#49884;&#45824;&#54924; &#51648;&#46020;&#47484; &#47585;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54664;&#51012; &#46412;&#46020; &#51008;&#50672;&#51473;&#50640; &#49688;&#50900;&#54620; &#53468;&#49828;&#53356;(Task)&#46972; &#50668;&#44220;&#51012;&#51648; &#47784;&#47493;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#54788;&#49892;&#51008; &#45257;&#51221;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54788;&#50629;&#51032; &#50500;&#53412;&#53581;&#52376; &#49444;&#44228;&#50752;, &#44537;&#46020;&#47196; &#51228;&#54620;&#46108; &#53440;&#51076; &#50500;&#50883;(Time-out) &#45236;&#50640; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608; &#45212;&#51228;&#47484; &#54400;&#50612;&#45236;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716; &#44221;&#49884;&#45824;&#54924;&#45716; &#50756;&#51204;&#55176; &#45796;&#47480; &#52264;&#50896;&#51032; &#50669;&#54617;&#44228;(System)&#50688;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47088;&#53440;&#51076; &#54872;&#44221;&#51060; &#50756;&#51204;&#55176; &#48148;&#45068;&#45768;, &#51200; &#50669;&#49884; &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#49884;&#54665;&#52265;&#50724;&#47484; &#44202;&#50612;&#50556;&#47564; &#54616;&#45716; &#52488;&#48372; &#46356;&#48260;&#44144;&#50640; &#48520;&#44284;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52376;&#51020; &#44032;&#47476;&#52452;&#45912; &#54617;&#49373;&#51008; &#50976;&#45212;&#55176; &#50689;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256; &#50976;&#50672;&#54620; &#51064;&#51648; &#49888;&#44221;&#47581;&#51012; &#44032;&#51652; &#50500;&#51060;&#50688;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; &#45817;&#49884;&#51032; &#51200;&#45716; &#45824;&#54924;&#50857; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608;&#51032; &#45231;&#49440; &#53596;&#54540;&#47551;&#50640; &#51061;&#49689;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50500;, &#50500;&#51060;&#51032; &#53076;&#46300;&#44032; &#47561;&#55184; &#46412;&#47560;&#45796; &#51593;&#44033;&#51201;&#51064; &#51221;&#45813; &#53076;&#46300;&#47484; &#48152;&#54872;&#54616;&#51648; &#47803;&#54616;&#45716; &#47924;&#47141;&#54620; &#49345;&#53468;&#50688;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51648;&#46020;&#51088;&#47196;&#49436;&#51032; &#48120;&#50504;&#54632;&#44284; &#51008;&#44540;&#54620; &#51088;&#51316;&#49900;&#51012; &#45236;&#47140;&#45459;&#44256; &#51228;&#44032; &#49440;&#53469;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#50976;&#51068;&#54620; &#45824;&#50504;&#51008;, &#50500;&#51060;&#50752; &#47672;&#47532;&#47484; &#47582;&#45824;&#44256; &#54632;&#44760; &#54868;&#51060;&#53944;&#48372;&#46300; &#50526;&#50640; &#49436;&#45716; &#44163;&#49104;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#51221;&#45813; &#47112;&#51060;&#48660;(Label)&#51060; &#50630;&#45716; &#49345;&#53468;&#50640;&#49436; &#54632;&#44760; &#44032;&#49444;&#51012; &#49464;&#50864;&#44256;, &#47561;&#45796;&#47480; &#50696;&#50808; &#52376;&#47532;(Exception)&#50640; &#48512;&#46378;&#55176;&#47728; &#51648;&#46021;&#54616;&#44172; &#54756;&#47608;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#8220;&#51060; &#51312;&#44148;&#47928;&#51008; &#50780; &#50724;&#51089;&#46041;&#51012; &#51068;&#51004;&#53420;&#44620;?&#8221; &#8220;&#49884;&#44036; &#48373;&#51105;&#46020;&#47484; O(N^2)&#50640;&#49436; O(N log N)&#51004;&#47196; &#51460;&#51060;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#51060; &#51088;&#47308;&#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#45824;&#51077;&#54644; &#48372;&#47732; &#50612;&#46504;&#44620;?&#8221;</p><p>&#51228;&#44032; &#44032;&#51060;&#46300;&#46972;&#51064;&#51012; &#51452;&#51648; &#47803;&#54664;&#44592;&#50640;, &#50500;&#51060;&#45716; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#48317;&#51012; &#44648;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#48164;&#51012; &#51648;&#49352;&#50864;&#47728; &#50696;&#50808; &#52992;&#51060;&#49828;&#47484; &#46356;&#48260;&#44613;&#54644;&#50556; &#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>1. &#52572;&#51201; &#44221;&#47196;&#51032; &#51228;&#49884;&#50752; &#51088;&#47564;&#49900;&#51032; &#53944;&#47017;</h3><p>&#47751; &#45380;&#51032; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060; &#55120;&#47476;&#51088; &#51228; &#44228;&#51221;&#50640;&#46020; &#51221;&#47049;&#51201;&#51064; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#48288;&#51060;&#49828;&#44032; &#49939;&#51060;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#50976;&#54805;&#51032; &#44592;&#52636; &#53076;&#46300;&#47484; &#48516;&#49437;&#54664;&#44256;, &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608;&#51032; &#54056;&#53556;&#51012; &#50756;&#48317;&#55176; &#44396;&#51312;&#54868;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#51228;&#45716; &#54617;&#49373;&#46308;&#51060; &#50612;&#46500; &#45212;&#51228;&#47484; &#44032;&#51256;&#50752;&#46020; &#50612;&#46356;&#49436; &#47088;&#53440;&#51076; &#50640;&#47084;&#44032; &#48156;&#49373;&#54616;&#45716;&#51648;, &#50612;&#45712; &#51648;&#51216;&#50640;&#49436; &#47700;&#47784;&#47532; &#48337;&#47785; &#54788;&#49345;&#51060; &#51068;&#50612;&#45208;&#45716;&#51648; 1&#52488; &#47564;&#50640; &#51674;&#50612;&#45244; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#8216;&#50976;&#45733;&#54620; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596; &#44032;&#51060;&#46300;&#8217;&#44032; &#46104;&#50612; &#51080;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48148;&#47196; &#44536;&#46412;, &#52395; &#51228;&#51088; &#47803;&#51648;&#50506;&#44172; &#46609;&#46609;&#54616;&#44256; &#54617;&#49845; &#45733;&#47141;&#51060; &#46832;&#50612;&#45212; &#46160; &#48264;&#51704; &#54617;&#49373;&#51012; &#47564;&#45228;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45824;&#49884;&#48372;&#46300;&#50640; &#49939;&#51064; &#51228; &#49892;&#51201;&#44284; &#52572;&#51201;&#54868;&#46108; &#44053;&#51032; &#54532;&#47112;&#51076;&#50892;&#53356;&#47484; &#48372;&#47728;, &#51200;&#45716; &#51088;&#47564;&#49900;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#47336;&#54532;(Loop)&#50640; &#48736;&#51256;&#46308;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#8216;&#45208;&#52376;&#47100; &#47928;&#51228;&#51032; &#47589;&#51012; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; &#51674;&#50612;&#45236;&#44256;, &#48520;&#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#50672;&#49328;&#51012; &#51460;&#50668;&#51452;&#45716; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#51648;&#47492;&#44600;&#51012; &#47588;&#54609;&#54644; &#51452;&#45716; &#49440;&#49373;&#51060; &#46608; &#50612;&#46356; &#51080;&#44192;&#45716;&#44032;.&#8217;</p><p>&#50500;&#51060;&#44032; &#47928;&#51228;&#47484; &#54400;&#45796; &#51312;&#44552;&#51060;&#46972;&#46020; &#47336;&#54532;&#44032; &#44844;&#51060;&#44144;&#45208; &#49892;&#54665; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060; &#51648;&#52404;&#46104;&#47732;, &#51200;&#45716; &#44592;&#45796;&#47160;&#45796;&#45716; &#46319; &#54868;&#51060;&#53944;&#48372;&#46300;&#47196; &#45208;&#50500;&#44032; &#52572;&#51201;&#51032; &#54644;&#48277;(Optimal Solution)&#51012; &#51228;&#49884;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44400;&#45908;&#45908;&#44592; &#50630;&#45716; &#47928;&#48277;, &#54620; &#52824;&#51032; &#50724;&#52264;&#46020; &#50630;&#45716; &#47532;&#54057;&#53664;&#47553; &#53076;&#46300;, &#49892;&#49688;&#47484; &#50896;&#52380; &#52264;&#45800;&#54616;&#45716; &#51648;&#47492;&#44600;&#51012; &#50143;&#50500;&#48512;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54617;&#49373;&#51008; &#51228;&#44032; &#52980;&#54028;&#51068;&#54644; &#46164; &#51221;&#45813;&#51032; &#52880;&#49884;(Cache)&#47484; &#54200;&#50504;&#54616;&#44172; &#51077;&#47141;&#44050;&#51004;&#47196; &#48155;&#50500;&#46308;&#51060;&#47728; &#48736;&#47476;&#44172; &#51652;&#46020;&#47484; &#45208;&#44052;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51200;&#45716; &#47561;&#55192;&#50630;&#51060; &#47928;&#51228;&#47484; &#54644;&#44208;&#54616;&#45716; &#50500;&#51060;&#51032; &#54140;&#54252;&#47676;&#49828;&#47484; &#48372;&#47728; &#44618;&#51008; &#52852;&#53440;&#47476;&#49884;&#49828;&#47484; &#45712;&#44808;&#44256;, &#51221;&#45813;&#51032; &#54028;&#51060;&#54532;&#46972;&#51064;&#51060; &#47924;&#44208;&#54616;&#45768; &#49892;&#51204;&#51032; &#44208;&#44284; &#50669;&#49884; &#45817;&#50672;&#55176; &#50864;&#49345;&#54693;&#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#46972; &#54869;&#49888;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>2. &#44284;&#51201;&#54633;(Overfitting)&#51060; &#45224;&#44596; &#49436;&#45720;&#54620; &#50669;&#49444;</h3><p>&#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#52572;&#51333; &#52636;&#47141;&#44050;&#51008; &#51228; &#50696;&#49345; &#44452;&#46020;&#47484; &#50756;&#48317;&#55176; &#51060;&#53448;&#54644; &#48260;&#47160;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48512;&#51313;&#54620; &#49440;&#49373; &#48145;&#50640;&#49436; &#51221;&#45813;&#51012; &#52286;&#51648; &#47803;&#54644; &#48164;&#47560;&#45796; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#54616;&#46300;&#50920;&#50612;&#47484; &#51536;&#50612;&#51676;&#47728; &#54756;&#47608;&#45912; &#52395; &#51228;&#51088;&#45716; &#48120;&#44397; &#52572;&#44256;&#51032; &#47749;&#47928;&#45824;&#50640; &#51652;&#54617;&#54616;&#50668; &#46832;&#50612;&#45212; &#51076;&#54057;&#53944;&#47484; &#45236;&#45716; &#50644;&#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#47196; &#49457;&#51109;&#54620; &#48152;&#47732;, &#51228;&#44032; &#49444;&#44228;&#54620; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#47605;&#48513;(Map-book)&#51012; &#53457;&#51116;&#54616;&#44256; &#45804;&#47160;&#45912; &#46160; &#48264;&#51704; &#51228;&#51088;&#45716; &#51221;&#51089; &#48320;&#49688;&#44032; &#44032;&#46301;&#54620; &#49892;&#51204; &#45824;&#54924;&#50640;&#49436; &#45800; &#54620; &#51460;&#51032; &#50696;&#50808; &#52376;&#47532;&#46020; &#54616;&#51648; &#47803;&#54620; &#52292; &#47924;&#45320;&#51652; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46160; &#50500;&#51060;&#51032; &#46160;&#45516; &#54616;&#46300;&#50920;&#50612; &#52264;&#51060;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#49892;&#54056; &#47196;&#44536;&#47484; &#50669;&#52628;&#51201;&#54644; &#48376; &#44208;&#44284;, &#48260;&#44536;&#51032; &#50896;&#51064;&#51008; &#45796;&#47492; &#50500;&#45772; &#44032;&#51060;&#46300;&#51064; &#51200; &#51088;&#49888;&#50640;&#44172; &#51080;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48512;&#51313;&#54664;&#45912; &#49884;&#51208;&#51032; &#51200;&#45716; &#50500;&#51060;&#50640;&#44172; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#49892;&#54056;&#47484; &#52376;&#47532;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51208;&#45824;&#51201;&#51064; &#50672;&#49328; &#49884;&#44036;&#51012; &#51452;&#50632;&#51648;&#47564;, &#50976;&#45733;&#54644;&#51652; &#54788;&#51116;&#51032; &#51200;&#45716; &#50500;&#51060;&#50640;&#44172;&#49436; &#8216;&#49892;&#54056;&#47484; &#44221;&#54744;&#54616;&#44256; &#50669;&#51204;&#54028;(Backpropagation)&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#49548;&#51473;&#54620; &#49552;&#49892; &#54632;&#49688;(Loss Function)&#8217;&#47484; &#54253;&#47141;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44144;&#49464;&#54644; &#48260;&#47536; &#49480;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52395; &#51228;&#51088;&#45716; &#47088;&#53440;&#51076; &#50640;&#47084;&#51032; &#44256;&#53685;&#51012; &#44256;&#49828;&#46976;&#55176; &#54844;&#51088; &#44048;&#45817;&#54644;&#50556; &#54664;&#44592;&#50640;, &#44536; &#44256;&#53685;&#49828;&#47084;&#50868; &#46356;&#48260;&#44613; &#49464;&#49496;&#51060; &#50500;&#51060;&#51032; &#44032;&#51109; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#53076;&#50612; &#44540;&#50977;&#51060;&#51088; &#47928;&#51228; &#54644;&#44208; &#45733;&#47141;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#46300;&#46972;&#51060;&#48260;&#44032; &#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; &#46160; &#48264;&#51704; &#51228;&#51088;&#45716; &#51228;&#44032; &#52828;&#51208;&#54616;&#44172; &#51228;&#44277;&#54620; &#8216;&#51221;&#45813;&#51032; API&#8217;&#47484; &#54200;&#50504;&#54616;&#44172; &#54840;&#52636;&#54616;&#44592;&#47564; &#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51221;&#51089; &#45231;&#49440; &#49892;&#51204; &#49884;&#54744;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#44536; &#50612;&#46500; &#50808;&#48512; &#44032;&#51060;&#46300; &#50630;&#51060; &#54848;&#47196; &#50724;&#51089;&#46041;&#51012; &#54644;&#44208;&#54644;&#50556; &#54664;&#45912; &#49692;&#44036;, &#50500;&#51060;&#50640;&#44172;&#45716; &#45824;&#52376;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#54028;&#46972;&#48120;&#53552;&#44032; &#50630;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45720; &#52572;&#51201;&#51032; &#50557;&#46020;&#47564; &#48372;&#44256; &#44152;&#50632;&#44592;&#50640;, &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#45208;&#52840;&#48152;&#51032; &#48148;&#45720;&#51012; &#51221;&#47148;&#54616;&#45716; &#48277;&#51012; &#48176;&#50864;&#51648; &#47803;&#54664;&#45912; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51228;&#44032; &#51228;&#44277;&#54620; &#52572;&#49440;&#51032; &#52828;&#51208;&#51060; &#50500;&#51060;&#51032; &#47196;&#52972; &#48120;&#45768;&#47560;(Local Minima) &#53448;&#52636; &#45733;&#47141;&#51012; &#47560;&#48708;&#49884;&#53412;&#45716; &#51648;&#46021;&#54620; &#46021;&#51060; &#46104;&#44256; &#47568;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>&#47610;&#51004;&#47728;: &#8216;&#50976;&#45733;&#54620; &#48169;&#44288;&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#44032;&#51109; &#50612;&#47140;&#50868; &#51228;&#50612; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084;</h3><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#55124;&#55176; &#45236;&#44032; &#44032;&#51652; &#51648;&#49885;&#51032; &#52572;&#51201;&#44050;&#51012; &#44148;&#45348;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#49345;&#45824;&#51032; &#49457;&#51109;&#50640; &#44032;&#51109; &#44592;&#50668;&#54616;&#45716; &#54952;&#50984;&#51201;&#51064; &#50500;&#50883;&#54411;&#51068; &#44144;&#46972; &#48127;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51088;&#49885;&#51012; &#53412;&#50864;&#45716; &#48512;&#47784;&#46304;, &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944;&#47484; &#47532;&#46377;&#54616;&#45716; &#47588;&#45768;&#51200;&#46304;, &#54617;&#49373;&#51012; &#44032;&#47476;&#52824;&#45716; &#49828;&#49849;&#51060;&#46304; &#47560;&#52268;&#44032;&#51648;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#48373;&#51105;&#44228;(Complex System)&#50752; &#44057;&#51008; &#51064;&#44036;&#51032; &#51064;&#51648; &#48156;&#45804; &#44284;&#51221;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#46412;&#47196; &#51064;&#44284;&#50984;&#51012; &#48176;&#48152;&#54616;&#45716; &#8216;&#50976;&#45733;&#54620; &#48169;&#44288;&#8217;&#51060; &#44032;&#51109; &#45458;&#51008; &#44256;&#52264;&#50896;&#51032; &#51228;&#50612; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084;&#51060; &#46104;&#44592;&#46020; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49345;&#45824;&#44032; &#44202;&#50612;&#50556; &#54624; &#50724;&#47448; &#48373;&#44396;(Error Recovery)&#51032; &#44256;&#53685;&#51012; &#45236;&#44032; &#45824;&#49888; &#47204;&#48177;(Rollback)&#54644; &#51452;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036;, &#49345;&#45824;&#51032; &#51088;&#52404; &#50672;&#49328; &#51109;&#52824;&#45716; &#51089;&#46041;&#51012; &#47688;&#52628;&#44256; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#51076;&#44228;&#51216; &#46020;&#45804;&#51008; &#44536; &#51088;&#47532;&#50640;&#49436; &#51221;&#52404;&#46104;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51648;&#47492;&#44600;&#51012; &#47561;&#55192;&#50630;&#51060; &#51674;&#50612;&#51452;&#45716; &#50976;&#45733;&#54620; &#53916;&#53552;&#48372;&#45796;, &#50612;&#46160;&#50868; &#46356;&#48260;&#44613;&#51032; &#48120;&#47196; &#49549;&#50640;&#49436; &#47925;&#47925;&#55176; &#54632;&#44760; &#44600;&#51012; &#51075;&#50612;&#51460; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#46041;&#48152;&#51088;&#44032; &#55016;&#50476; &#45908; &#44480;&#54616;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;. &#45236;&#44032; &#51312;&#44552; &#45916; &#52828;&#51208;&#54616;&#44256;, &#45236; &#50976;&#45733;&#54632;&#51012; &#51312;&#44552; &#45908; &#49704;&#44200;&#46168; &#46412; &#48708;&#47196;&#49548; &#51228;&#51088;&#44032; &#51088;&#49888;&#51012; &#44032;&#46164; &#51064;&#51648;&#51201; &#54620;&#44228;&#47484; &#44648;&#44256; &#45908; &#53356;&#44172; &#52980;&#54028;&#51068;&#46108;&#45796;&#45716; &#51060; &#50669;&#49444;&#51201;&#51064; &#51652;&#47532;&#47484;, &#51200;&#45716; &#51088;&#47564;&#51032; &#45149;&#51088;&#46973;&#50640;&#49436; &#48176;&#50868; &#48904;&#50500;&#54536; &#49892;&#54056; &#47196;&#44536;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#48176;&#50912;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52980;&#54504;&#53552;&#51032; &#49548;&#49828;&#53076;&#46300;&#45716; &#50724;&#53440; &#54616;&#45208; &#50630;&#51060; &#50756;&#48317;&#54616;&#44172; &#53685;&#51228;&#46104;&#50612;&#50556; &#50732;&#48148;&#47476;&#44172; &#44396;&#46041;&#46104;&#51648;&#47564;, &#51064;&#44036;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#50948;&#45824;&#54620; &#48373;&#51105;&#44228;&#45716; &#45130;&#51076;&#50630;&#45716; &#50724;&#51089;&#46041;&#44284; &#49892;&#54056;&#51032; &#45432;&#51060;&#51592;&#47484; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#46356;&#48260;&#44613;&#54644; &#45208;&#44040; &#46412; &#48708;&#47196;&#49548; &#50756;&#49457;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How a Competent Teacher Ruins a Disciple: The Paradox of the Optimized Path]]></title><description><![CDATA[When depriving a student of failure disables their loss function&#8212;Why a "competent bystander" is the ultimate debugger of human complexity.]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/how-a-competent-teacher-ruins-a-disciple</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/how-a-competent-teacher-ruins-a-disciple</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2026 07:41:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ee044a17-e9a7-4f54-9a83-bf632c701ba7_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As a long-time engineer, I have spent decades writing source code and debugging system anomalies. Because I was confident in controlling the mechanical underpinnings behind the screen, I foolishly assumed that guiding high schoolers for competitive programming olympiads would be a straightforward task.</p><p>But reality was uncompromising. Real-world architecture design and competitive programming&#8212;where one must crack extreme algorithmic puzzles under strict time limits&#8212;were entirely different dynamical systems. With a completely altered runtime environment, I was merely a novice instructor bound to make countless system errors.</p><p>My first student was exceptionally bright, possessing a highly flexible neural network. Conversely, at the time, I was unfamiliar with the specific templates of olympiad algorithms, rendering me incompetent to provide instant, corrected code whenever the student hit a bottleneck. Casting aside my instructor&#8217;s pride, the only alternative available was to put our heads together and stand in front of the whiteboard.</p><p>We formulated hypotheses with zero labeled data, repeatedly hitting dead-end exceptions.</p><p>&#8220;Why does this conditional statement cause a runtime error?&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;What if we swap this data structure to reduce the time complexity from <span>O(N^2)</span> to <span>O(N log N)</span>?&#8221;</p><p>Because I could not serve up the answers, the student had to spend nights debugging exception cases on their own to break through the walls.</p><h3>1. The Trap of the Optimal Path and Self-Conceit</h3><p>As several years rolled by, a substantial database of experience began to stack up in my own system. I analyzed past papers, categorized problems, and fully structured the algorithmic patterns. I transformed into a &#8220;competent system guide&#8221; capable of pinpointing exactly where a runtime error occurred or where a memory bottleneck formed within seconds of looking at a student&#8217;s code.</p><p>It was during this period of high system reliability that I met my second student, who was just as brilliant as the first. Looking at my past success metrics and optimized lecture frameworks, I fell into a loop of self-conceit.</p><p><em>&#8216;Where else could they find an instructor who pinpoints the exact pain point of a problem and maps out the perfect, redundant-free shortcut like I do?&#8217;</em></p><p>If the student hesitated even slightly or hit a temporary loop lag, I wasted no time stepping up to the whiteboard to provide the optimal solution. I poured out clean syntax, flawlessly refactored code, and shortcuts that systematically prevented errors.</p><p>The student smoothly ingested the cached answers I provided, executing their curriculum at a rapid pace. I experienced deep catharsis observing the student breeze through problems, confident that because our pipeline was flawless, the final output trajectory would inevitably trend upward.</p><h3>2. The Chilling Paradox of Overfitting</h3><p>However, the final output vector of the system completely diverged from my predicted trajectory.</p><p>My first student&#8212;who had spent agonizing nights under an incompetent teacher, manually straining their own hardware to find solutions&#8212;entered a top-tier U.S. university and grew into an exceptional engineer. Meanwhile, my second student&#8212;who ran with the flawless map-book I had engineered&#8212;collapsed in the actual arena, unable to handle a single edge-case exception on their own.</p><p>It was not a difference in the students&#8217; cognitive hardware. Tracing the failure logs of this system, I discovered that the critical bug was none other than myself.</p><p>In my incompetent years, I gave my student the absolute computation time to process failures. In my competent years, however, I had violently stripped the student of <strong>the invaluable loss function required to experience and backpropagate through errors</strong>.</p><p>Because my first student had to endure the raw pain of runtime exceptions entirely on their own, that grueling debugging session became the core muscle and key driver of their problem-solving capability. Meanwhile, my second student had merely made comfortable API calls to the &#8220;correct answers&#8221; I served up.</p><p>When they had to resolve system anomalies entirely on their own in an unfamiliar testing environment, they lacked the parameters to cope. Having walked only by looking at optimized maps, they never learned how to align the compass needle themselves. My well-intentioned efficiency became a toxic agent that paralyzed their ability to escape local minima.</p><h3>Epilogue: The Challenging Control Protocol of &#8220;Competent Bystanding&#8221;</h3><p>We often believe that handing over our best-calculated output is the most efficient contribution to another&#8217;s growth. This holds true whether you are a parent raising a child, a manager leading a project, or a teacher guiding a pupil.</p><p>Yet, in complex systems like human cognitive development, a counterintuitive protocol known as <strong>&#8220;competent bystanding&#8221;</strong> often yields the highest level of control. The moment we roll back the errors and bear the pain of recovery on their behalf, the other party&#8217;s local processing units freeze, and the system&#8217;s evolutionary threshold stalls.</p><p>An instructor who can quietly get lost with you in the dark maze of debugging is far more valuable than a competent tutor who points out the shortcuts without fail. I learned this paradoxical truth&#8212;that a student breaks through their cognitive boundaries only when we are a little less helpful and keep our competence cached&#8212;through a bitter failure log encountered at the edge of my own conceit.</p><p>While computer source code must be flawlessly controlled down to a single syntax error to run, human beings&#8212;the ultimate complex systems&#8212;only compile into their truest forms when they manually debug their own endless runtime failures and operational noise.</p><p><em>Life Beyond Equations &#169; 2026. Published for Substack Platform Archive.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[밤하늘이라는 거대한 시계태엽을 읽는 법: 어느 물리학자가 산책길에서 발견한 우주의 비밀번호]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#47588;&#51068; &#48164; &#45572;&#51201;&#46104;&#45716; 4&#48516;&#51032; &#54637;&#49457;&#49884; &#50724;&#52264;&#48512;&#53552; &#45824;&#44592; &#44305;&#54617;&#51032; &#54217;&#44512;&#54868; &#54596;&#53552;&#44620;&#51648;, &#47592;&#45576;&#44284; &#49552;&#44032;&#46973;&#51004;&#47196; &#50864;&#51452;&#51032; &#50896;&#49884; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#49483;&#51012; &#44228;&#52769;&#54616;&#45716; &#51221;&#48128; &#51064;&#53552;&#54168;&#51060;&#49828; &#44032;&#51060;&#46300;]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/b0b</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/b0b</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 05:08:43 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b00790dc-85b6-4121-bcab-dea03c88a1aa_272x198.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#44032;&#45140; &#47560;&#51452;&#54616;&#45716; &#48164;&#54616;&#45720;&#51008; &#47566;&#51008; &#51060;&#46308;&#50640;&#44172; &#50500;&#46301;&#54616;&#44256; &#45229;&#47564;&#51201;&#51064; &#49900;&#49345; &#44277;&#44036;&#51060;&#44192;&#51648;&#47564;, &#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#44284; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#45796;&#47336;&#45716; &#50644;&#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#51032; &#45576;&#50640; &#44536;&#44275;&#51008; &#45800; 1&#52488;&#51032; &#50672;&#49328; &#50724;&#47448;&#46020; &#50630;&#51060; &#47582;&#47932;&#47140; &#46028;&#50500;&#44032;&#45716; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#51221;&#48128; &#44592;&#44228;&#51032; &#45236;&#48512;&#50752; &#44057;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44144;&#52285;&#54620; &#44228;&#52769; &#51109;&#48708; &#50630;&#51060;&#46020; &#44288;&#52769;&#51088;&#51032; &#49884;&#44033; &#49468;&#49436;&#47484; &#51221;&#48128;&#54616;&#44172; &#53916;&#45789;(Calibration)&#54616;&#47732;, &#47672;&#47532; &#50948;&#51032; &#48164;&#54616;&#45720;&#51060; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#48156;&#49328;&#54616;&#45716; &#52380;&#52404;&#50669;&#54617;&#51201; &#49888;&#54840;&#46308;&#51012; &#51649;&#51217; &#54644;&#46021;&#54644; &#45244; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>1. &#45804;&#51032; &#44277;&#51204; &#49549;&#46020; &#50976;&#46020;: &#52488;&#49549; 1 km&#51032; &#51656;&#51452;</h3><p>&#52380;&#52404;&#46308;&#51008; &#51221;&#51648;&#46108; &#48177;&#44536;&#46972;&#50868;&#46300; &#51060;&#48120;&#51648;&#52376;&#47100; &#48372;&#51060;&#51648;&#47564;, &#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#47592;&#45576;&#44284; &#49552;&#47785;&#49884;&#44228; &#54616;&#45208;&#47564;&#51004;&#47196;&#46020; &#51648;&#44552; &#47672;&#47532; &#50948;&#51032; &#45804;&#51060; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#47924;&#49884;&#47924;&#49884;&#54620; &#49549;&#46020;&#47196; &#44452;&#46020; &#54632;&#49688;&#47484; &#51452;&#54665;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648; &#51649;&#51217; &#50672;&#49328;&#54644; &#45244; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#48157;&#51008; &#44256;&#51221; &#48324; &#54616;&#45208;&#47484; &#44592;&#51456;&#51216;(Reference Node)&#51004;&#47196; &#49340;&#44256; &#44032;&#47564;&#55176; &#44288;&#52272;&#51012; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#47564;&#51004;&#47196; &#52649;&#48516;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#45800;&#44228; 1 (&#49884;&#51649;&#44221; &#44228;&#52769;):</strong> &#51648;&#44396;&#50640;&#49436; &#48148;&#46972;&#48372;&#45716; &#48372;&#47492;&#45804;&#51032; &#51648;&#47492;(&#53356;&#44592;)&#51008; &#52380;&#44396; &#49345;&#50640;&#49436; &#50557; 0.5&#46020;&#51032; &#44033;&#46020;&#47484; &#52264;&#51648;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#45800;&#44228; 2 (&#49884;&#44036; &#48320;&#50948; &#52769;&#51221;):</strong> &#51076;&#51032;&#51032; &#44256;&#51221; &#48324;&#50640; &#45804;&#51032; &#51204;&#47732; &#50640;&#51648;(Edge)&#47484; &#47582;&#52656;&#46160;&#44256; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; &#8216;1&#49884;&#44036;(3,600&#52488;)&#8217; &#46244;&#50640; &#45796;&#49884; &#54616;&#45720;&#51012; &#50732;&#47140;&#45796;&#48372;&#49901;&#49884;&#50724;. &#45804;&#51008; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; &#51088;&#49888;&#51032; &#47800;&#51665;(&#51648;&#47492;)&#47564;&#53372;&#51064; 0.5&#46020;&#47484; &#49436;&#50640;&#49436; &#46041;&#51004;&#47196; &#53685;&#51704;&#47196; &#51060;&#46041;&#54644; &#51080;&#51012; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#51060; &#51649;&#44288;&#51201;&#51064; &#49884;&#44033; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#44228;&#49328;&#44592; &#50948;&#50640; &#50732;&#47140;&#48372;&#44192;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45804;&#51032; &#49892;&#51228; &#54217;&#44512; &#51648;&#47492;&#51008; &#50557; 3,500 km&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51593;, &#45804;&#51008; 3,600&#52488; &#46041;&#50504; &#51088;&#49888;&#51032; &#51648;&#47492;&#50640; &#45804;&#54616;&#45716; 3,500 km&#51032; &#50864;&#51452; &#44277;&#44036;&#51012; &#44144;&#52840;&#50630;&#51060; &#44032;&#47196;&#51656;&#47084; &#45216;&#50500;&#44036; &#49480;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48373;&#51105;&#54620; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608; &#50630;&#51060;&#46020; <strong>&#50557; 1 km/s</strong> &#46972;&#45716; &#51221;&#48128;&#54620; &#49549;&#46020; &#50976;&#46020;&#44050;&#51060; &#46020;&#52636;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51648;&#44552; &#44256;&#50836;&#54644; &#48372;&#51060;&#45716; &#51200; &#45804;&#51060; &#49892;&#51228;&#47196;&#45716; 1&#52488;&#50640; 1 km&#50473; &#52264;&#44032;&#50868; &#51652;&#44277; &#49549;&#51012; &#51656;&#51452;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;&#45716; &#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#51201; &#49345;&#49688;&#44032; &#46021;&#51088; &#50668;&#47084;&#48516;&#51032; &#45576;&#44284; &#49884;&#44228;&#47564;&#51004;&#47196; &#50756;&#48317;&#54616;&#44172; &#52980;&#54028;&#51068;&#46104;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>2. &#54637;&#49457;&#49884;(Sidereal Time)&#51032; &#45572;&#51201; &#50724;&#52264;: &#51648;&#44396;&#44032; &#44277;&#51204;&#54616;&#45716; &#51613;&#44144;</h3><p>&#48164;&#54616;&#45720;&#51032; &#53945;&#51221; &#44256;&#51221; &#54637;&#49457;&#51012; &#47728;&#52832; &#46041;&#50504; &#44057;&#51008; &#49884;&#44033;&#50640; &#52628;&#51201;&#54644; &#48372;&#49901;&#49884;&#50724;. &#50724;&#45720; &#48164; 9&#49884; &#51221;&#44033;&#50640; &#50864;&#47532; &#51665; &#51648;&#48533; &#44221;&#44228;&#49440;&#50640; &#52860;&#45216;&#52376;&#47100; &#46385; &#44152;&#52432; &#51080;&#45912; &#48324;&#51008;, &#45236;&#51068; &#48164; 8&#49884; 56&#48516;&#50640; &#44536; &#51088;&#47532;&#50640; &#48120;&#47532; &#46020;&#52265;&#54644; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47588;&#51068; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; 4&#48516;&#50473;, &#48324;&#51008; &#51648;&#49345;&#51032; &#49884;&#44036;&#44228;&#48372;&#45796; &#54620; &#44152;&#51020; &#49436;&#46168;&#47084; &#47924;&#45824; &#50948;&#47196; &#45208;&#53440;&#45225;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#44592;&#47896;&#54620; 4&#48516;&#51032; &#48120;&#49464; &#48320;&#49688;&#45716; &#51648;&#44396;&#51032; &#51088;&#51204;&#44284; &#44277;&#51204;&#51060; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612;&#45236;&#45716; &#44592;&#54616;&#54617;&#51201; &#45572;&#51201; &#50724;&#52264;&#51032; &#49328;&#47932;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51648;&#44396;&#44032; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#54620; &#48148;&#53300;(360&#46020;) &#51088;&#51204;&#54616;&#45716; &#45936; &#44152;&#47532;&#45716; &#49884;&#44036;&#51064; 24&#49884;&#44036;(1,440&#48516;)&#51012; &#50672;&#49328;&#54644; &#48372;&#47732;, &#51648;&#44396;&#44032; &#46385; 1&#46020; &#54924;&#51204;&#54616;&#45716; &#45936; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; 4&#48516;&#51060; &#49548;&#50836;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51648;&#44396;&#45716; &#51228;&#51088;&#47532;&#50640;&#49436; &#51088;&#51204;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#53468;&#50577; &#51452;&#50948;&#47484; &#54616;&#47336;&#50640; &#50557; 1&#46020;&#50473; &#48512;&#51648;&#47088;&#55176; &#44277;&#51204;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#51648;&#44396;&#44032; &#44277;&#51204; &#44452;&#46020;&#47484; &#46384;&#46972; &#50526;&#51004;&#47196; &#45208;&#50500;&#44036; &#44536; 1&#46020;&#51032; &#44033;&#46020; &#48320;&#50948;&#47564;&#53372;, &#47672;&#45208;&#47676; &#48164;&#54616;&#45720;&#51032; &#48176;&#44221; &#48324;&#46308;&#51008; &#50864;&#47532;&#51032; &#51068;&#49345;&#51201; &#49884;&#44036;&#44228;(&#53468;&#50577;&#49884;)&#48372;&#45796; &#45720; 4&#48516; &#47676;&#51200; &#50864;&#47532; &#51665; &#51648;&#48533; &#50948;&#47196; &#47532;&#49483;(Reset)&#46104;&#45716; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49552;&#47785;&#49884;&#44228;&#47196; &#44592;&#47197;&#54616;&#45716; &#47588;&#51068; &#48164; 4&#48516;&#51032; &#50724;&#52264;&#45716;, &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#50732;&#46972;&#53444; &#51060; &#54665;&#49457;&#51060; &#51200; &#50612;&#46160;&#50868; &#44277;&#44036;&#51012; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#51221;&#51649;&#54620; &#49549;&#46020; &#48289;&#53552;&#47196; &#44032;&#47196;&#51648;&#47476;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648; &#51613;&#47749;&#54616;&#45716; &#54988;&#47469;&#54620; &#47196;&#44536; &#44592;&#47197;(Log entries)&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>3. &#51216;&#44305;&#50896;(Point Source)&#44284; &#47732;&#44305;&#50896;(Extended Source): &#45824;&#44592; &#44305;&#54617;&#51032; &#54644;&#46021;</h3><p>&#48164;&#54616;&#45720;&#50640; &#48731;&#45208;&#45716; &#48157;&#51008; &#51216;&#46308; &#51473; &#47924;&#50631;&#51060; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#53440;&#50724;&#47476;&#45716; &#54637;&#49457;(Star)&#51060;&#44256;, &#47924;&#50631;&#51060; &#53468;&#50577;&#48731;&#51012; &#48152;&#49324;&#54616;&#45716; &#54665;&#49457;(Planet)&#51064;&#51648; &#44396;&#48324;&#54616;&#45716; &#44305;&#54617;&#51201; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084;&#51008; &#51032;&#50808;&#47196; &#47749;&#53132;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#48731;&#51032; &#44636;&#48737;&#51076; &#49888;&#54840;(Scintillation Noise)&#47484; &#54596;&#53552;&#47553;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#54637;&#49457;(&#48324;) = &#51216;&#44305;&#50896;(Point Source):</strong> &#48324;&#51008; &#51648;&#44396;&#47196;&#48512;&#53552; &#44305;&#45380; &#45800;&#50948;&#51032; &#50500;&#46301;&#54620; &#44144;&#47532;&#50640; &#46504;&#50612;&#51256; &#51080;&#50612;, &#50500;&#47924;&#47532; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#51656;&#47049;&#52404;&#46972; &#54624;&#51648;&#46972;&#46020; &#50864;&#47532; &#45576;&#50640;&#45716; &#44592;&#54616;&#54617;&#51201; &#47732;&#51201;&#51060; &#50630;&#45716; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#8216;&#51216;&#8217;&#51004;&#47196; &#46308;&#50612;&#50741;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47111;&#44592;&#50640; &#45824;&#44592;&#44428;&#51012; &#53685;&#44284;&#54624; &#46412; &#48120;&#49464;&#54620; &#44277;&#44592;&#51032; &#48128;&#46020; &#55124;&#46308;&#47548;&#44284; &#44404;&#51208;&#47456; &#49548;&#51020;&#50640; &#44305;&#49440;&#51060; &#49789;&#44172; &#55120;&#53944;&#47084;&#51256; &#48152;&#51677;&#44144;&#47532;&#47728; &#52644;&#51012; &#52645;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#54665;&#49457; = &#47732;&#44305;&#50896;(Extended Source):</strong> &#48152;&#47732; &#47785;&#49457;&#51060;&#45208; &#44552;&#49457; &#44057;&#51008; &#54665;&#49457;&#51008; &#53468;&#50577;&#44228; &#45236;&#50640; &#50948;&#52824;&#54616;&#50668; &#49345;&#45824;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44032;&#44637;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640;, &#50977;&#50504;&#50640;&#45716; &#48120;&#49464;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#48516;&#54644; &#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#8216;&#47732;&#51201;&#8217;&#51012; &#44032;&#51652; &#50896;&#48152; &#54805;&#53468;&#47196; &#44305;&#51088;&#44032; &#46308;&#50612;&#50741;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47732;&#51201;&#51012; &#44032;&#51652; &#48731;&#51032; &#45796;&#48156;&#51008; &#45824;&#44592;&#51032; &#48128;&#46020; &#48320;&#46041;&#51012; &#49345;&#49604;&#54616;&#45716; <strong>&#8216;&#54217;&#44512;&#54868;(Averaging) &#54596;&#53552;&#8217;</strong> &#50669;&#54624;&#51012; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#49688;&#54665;&#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640;, &#55124;&#46308;&#47548; &#50630;&#51060; &#50500;&#51452; &#47925;&#51649;&#54616;&#44256; &#45800;&#45800;&#54620; &#50672;&#49549; &#49888;&#54840;&#47196; &#48731;&#45225;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#51060; &#44305;&#54617;&#51201; &#52264;&#51060;&#47484; &#51064;&#51648;&#54616;&#44256; &#54616;&#45720;&#51012; &#51116;&#51312;&#51221;&#54616;&#47732;, 2&#52264;&#50896; &#54217;&#47732;&#52376;&#47100; &#45225;&#51089;&#54644; &#48372;&#51060;&#45912; &#48164;&#54616;&#45720;&#51008; &#44144;&#47532;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#44305;&#54617;&#51201; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#49332;&#50500; &#49704; &#49772;&#45716; &#50885;&#51109;&#54620; 3&#52264;&#50896;&#51032; &#51077;&#52404; &#44277;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#48320;&#47784;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>4. &#49884;&#51649;&#44221; &#48708;&#47168;&#49885;: &#49352;&#45180;&#49552;&#44032;&#46973;&#51004;&#47196; &#44228;&#52769;&#54616;&#45716; &#44144;&#47532;&#51032; &#49828;&#52992;&#51068;</h3><p>&#48372;&#47492;&#45804;&#51060; &#46892; &#48164;, &#54036;&#51012; &#50526;&#51004;&#47196; &#52041; &#48855;&#50612; &#49352;&#45180;&#49552;&#44032;&#46973; &#49552;&#53681;&#51004;&#47196; &#45804;&#51012; &#49836;&#47728;&#49884; &#44032;&#47140;&#48372;&#49901;&#49884;&#50724;. &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#48372;&#47492;&#45804;&#51060; &#49552;&#53681;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#50500;&#51452; &#51089;&#51008; &#47732;&#51201; &#50504;&#50640; &#50756;&#48317;&#55176; &#51008;&#54224;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51064;&#44036;&#51032; &#54036; &#44600;&#51060; &#45824;&#48708; &#49352;&#45180;&#49552;&#44032;&#46973; &#49552;&#53681;&#51060; &#51060;&#47336;&#45716; &#49884;&#44033; &#44033;&#46020;&#44032; &#45804;&#51032; &#49884;&#51649;&#44221;&#51064; &#50557; 0.5&#46020;&#47196; &#50756;&#48317;&#55176; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#44592;&#54616;&#54617;&#51201; &#51068;&#52824;&#45716; &#52380;&#52404; &#44144;&#47532;&#47484; &#44228;&#52769;&#54616;&#45716; &#49340;&#44033;&#48708; &#48708;&#47168;&#49885;&#51032; &#54988;&#47469;&#54620; &#51077;&#47141;&#44050;&#51060; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45236; &#45576;&#50640;&#49436; &#49552;&#53681;&#44620;&#51648; &#51060;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#51089;&#51008; &#49340;&#44033;&#54805;&#44284;, &#45236; &#45576;&#50640;&#49436; &#51200; &#47680;&#47532; &#45804;&#44620;&#51648; &#51060;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#49340;&#44033;&#54805;&#51008; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#8216;&#45806;&#51008;&#44852;(Similarity)&#8217;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#44032;&#47196; &#54253;&#44284; &#49464;&#47196; &#44600;&#51060;&#51032; &#48708;&#50984;&#51060; &#51068;&#52824;&#54624; &#49688;&#48150;&#50640; &#50630;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49892;&#51228; &#49552;&#53681;&#51032; &#54253;&#44284; &#54036; &#44600;&#51060;&#51032; &#48708;&#47168; &#44288;&#44228;&#47484; &#50672;&#49328;&#54644; &#48372;&#47732;, &#51648;&#44396;&#50640;&#49436; &#45804;&#44620;&#51648;&#51032; &#44144;&#47532;&#44032; &#45804; &#51648;&#47492;&#51032; &#50557; 100&#48176;&#44032; &#46108;&#45796;&#45716; &#44208;&#47200;&#51012; &#50619;&#44172; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45804;&#51032; &#49892;&#51228; &#51648;&#47492;&#51060; &#50557; 3,500km&#51060;&#48064;&#47196;, &#51060; &#48708;&#47168;&#49885;&#50640; &#45824;&#51077;&#54644; &#46020;&#52636;&#54620; &#51648;&#44396;&#50752; &#45804; &#49324;&#51060;&#51032; &#44144;&#47532;&#45716; <strong>&#50557; 350,000km</strong>&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54788;&#45824; &#44284;&#54617;&#51060; &#47112;&#51060;&#51200;&#47196; &#51221;&#48128; &#52769;&#51221;&#54620; &#49892;&#51228; &#44144;&#47532;(384,000km)&#50752; &#45440;&#46972;&#50872; &#51221;&#46020;&#47196; &#50976;&#54952;&#54620; &#49688;&#52824;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#45800;&#49692;&#55176; &#54413;&#44221;&#51012; &#49548;&#48708;&#54616;&#45716; &#48169;&#44288;&#51088;&#44032; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44305;&#47561;&#54620; &#50864;&#51452; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#49704;&#44200;&#51652; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#45236; &#47800;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#51649;&#51217; &#50672;&#49328;&#54644; &#45236;&#45716; &#44032;&#51109; &#45733;&#46041;&#51201;&#51064; &#51648;&#51201; &#50672;&#49328; &#51109;&#52824;&#44032; &#46104;&#45716; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>&#47610;&#51004;&#47728;: &#50756;&#48317;&#54616;&#44172; &#52980;&#54028;&#51068;&#46108; &#48164;&#54616;&#45720;&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;</h3><p>&#50864;&#51452;&#51032; &#47932;&#47532; &#48277;&#52825;&#46308;&#51008; &#51648;&#44552; &#51060; &#49692;&#44036;&#50640;&#46020; &#47560;&#45817;&#50640; &#46300;&#47532;&#50892;&#51652; &#51088;&#51204;&#51032; &#44536;&#47548;&#51088;&#47196;, &#51200;&#45377; &#49328;&#52293;&#44600;&#50640; &#47785;&#44201;&#46104;&#45716; &#45804;&#51032; &#51221;&#47049;&#51201; &#51060;&#46041; &#48320;&#50948;&#47196;, &#47588;&#51068; &#48164; 4&#48516;&#50473; &#49436;&#46160;&#47476;&#45716; &#54637;&#49457;&#49884;&#51032; &#51452;&#54028;&#49688;&#47196; &#51088;&#49888;&#51032; &#50896;&#48376; &#49548;&#49828;&#53076;&#46300;&#47484; &#51312;&#50857;&#55176; &#49892;&#54665;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48164;&#54616;&#45720;&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#51069;&#45716;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#47588;&#47560;&#47480; &#49688;&#49885;&#51012; &#50808;&#50864;&#45716; &#54665;&#50948;&#44032; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#44163;&#51008; &#45236;&#44032; &#48156;&#51012; &#46363;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#51060; &#44144;&#45824;&#54616;&#44256; &#48373;&#51105;&#54620; &#44228;(System)&#44032; &#45800; 1&#52488;&#51032; &#50672;&#49328; &#50724;&#47448;&#46020; &#50630;&#51060; &#50504;&#51204;&#54616;&#44172; &#44396;&#46041;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;&#45716; &#52380;&#52404;&#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#51201; &#50504;&#46020;&#44048;&#51012; &#54925;&#46301;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. 138&#50613; &#45380; &#46041;&#50504; &#45800; &#54620; &#48264;&#51032; &#53356;&#47000;&#49884;(Crash) &#50630;&#51060; &#44032;&#46041;&#46104;&#50612; &#50728; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#50864;&#51452;&#51032; &#49884;&#44228;&#53468;&#50685;&#51060;, &#51648;&#44552; &#51060; &#49692;&#44036;&#46020; &#45817;&#49888;&#51032; &#44152;&#51020; &#51452;&#54028;&#49688;&#50640; &#47582;&#52656; &#55192;&#52264;&#44172; &#46028;&#50500;&#44032;&#44256; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reading the Great Clockwork of the Night Sky: A Physicist’s Evening Stroll Into the Cosmic Source Code]]></title><description><![CDATA[From the 4-minute sidereal error to biological averaging filters&#8212;How to decode the telemetry of the cosmos using nothing but your baseline senses.]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/reading-the-great-clockwork-of-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/reading-the-great-clockwork-of-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 05:05:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/07dc21bf-0e10-4edc-9483-eb8598e67d80_272x198.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To many, the night sky is merely a distant, romantic space of emotion. To an engineer managing physics and telemetry, however, it resembles the interior of a massive, high-precision machine operating without a single second of computational error. Without relying on multi-million dollar observatories, simply by calibrating our baseline visual sensors, we can directly decode the celestial mechanics signaling actively from above.</p><h3>1. Deriving Lunar Orbital Velocity: A 1 km/s Sprint</h3><p>Celestial bodies appear as static background layers, yet we can compute exactly how fast the Moon is sprinting along its orbital trajectory using nothing but our naked eyes and a wristwatch. All that is required is selecting a single bright star as a reference node.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Step 1 (Angular Diameter Measurement):</strong> The angular diameter of a full moon viewed from Earth spans approximately 0.5 degrees across the celestial sphere.</p></li><li><p><strong>Step 2 (Time Displacement Tracking):</strong> Align the leading edge of the Moon with your chosen reference star, and look back up exactly one hour (3,600 seconds) later. The Moon will have shifted its entire volume&#8212;exactly 0.5 degrees&#8212;from west to east.</p></li></ul><p>Let us feed this intuitive visual data into our orbital calculator. The Moon&#8217;s actual diameter is roughly 3,500 km. This means that within a runtime of 3,600 seconds, the Moon has cleared a physical distance equivalent to its own frame size.</p><p>Without complex automated tracking, we derive a precise velocity value of <strong>approximately 1 km/s</strong>. The stark physical constant&#8212;that the silent moon above is tearing through the vacuum of space at one kilometer per second&#8212;is flawlessly compiled using only your eyes and a watch.</p><h3>2. The Cumulative Error of Sidereal Time: Telemetry of Planetary Orbit</h3><p>Track a specific fixed star at the exact same hour over several consecutive nights. A star neatly aligned with your rooftop blade at exactly 9:00 PM tonight will arrive at that exact coordinate at 8:56 PM tomorrow. Every single night, stars cross our local interface precisely four minutes ahead of our terrestrial clocks.</p><p>This minor 4-minute delta is the product of a geometric discrepancy between Earth&#8217;s rotation and its orbital revolution. Dividing our 24-hour day (1,440 minutes) by a full 360-degree rotation reveals that it takes exactly 4 minutes for Earth to spin 1 degree.</p><p>As Earth rotates on its axis, it simultaneously cruises along its orbital path around the Sun at a rate of roughly 1 degree per day. Because of this 1-degree angular displacement, the distant background stars reset over our rooftops 4 minutes earlier relative to our sun-centered civil time. The 4-minute error logged on your watch each night is an elegant telemetry file, proving the exact velocity vector at which our planet traverses the void.</p><h3>3. Point Sources vs. Extended Sources: Decoding Atmospheric Optics</h3><p>The optical protocol to distinguish between a self-luminous star and a planet reflecting sunlight is incredibly clean: we filter for scintillation noise&#8212;the twinkling effect.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Stars = Point Sources:</strong> Located light-years away, even the most massive stars enter our ocular lenses as geometric points completely devoid of surface area. Consequently, their narrow light rays are easily disrupted by the micro-fluctuations of air density and refractive index noise in our atmosphere, causing them to dance and twinkle.</p></li><li><p><strong>Planets = Extended Sources:</strong> Conversely, planets like Jupiter or Venus reside within our solar system. Because they are relatively close, their photons arrive as disks with a micro-area that our eyes can resolve. This bundle of light acts as a native <strong>averaging filter</strong>, cancelling out atmospheric density turbulence and shining as a dense, continuous signal.</p></li></ul><p>Once you apply this optical calibration, the flat, two-dimensional night sky transforms into a magnificent three-dimensional space alive with depth data.</p><h3>4. The Angular Ratio: Measuring Cosmic Scale with a Pinky Finger</h3><p>On a night with a full moon, extend your arm fully and cover the Moon with your pinky fingernail. The immense moon is completely hidden behind that minuscule surface area. This occurs because the visual angle subtended by your fingernail relative to your arm length matches the Moon&#8217;s angular diameter perfectly at roughly 0.5 degrees.</p><p>This geometric coincidence serves as an excellent baseline input for the classic trigonometric ratio used to measure cosmic distance since Archimedes. The principle is crystalline: the miniature triangle extending from your eye to your fingernail is perfectly similar to the massive triangle stretching from your eye to the Moon. Thus, the aspect ratio of width to length remains identical.</p><p>Calculating this proportion using standard anatomical averages reveals that the distance from Earth to the Moon is roughly 100 times the Moon&#8217;s diameter. Plugging in the Moon&#8217;s actual diameter of 3,500 km, we derive a distance of <strong>approximately 350,000 km</strong>. This is remarkably close to the actual value of 384,000 km measured modernly by precise laser altimetry.</p><p>We are no longer passive bystanders consuming a view. We become the ultimate processing unit, actively computing the underlying architecture of a massive cosmic system through our own biology.</p><h3>Epilogue: Flawlessly Compiled Celestial Data</h3><p>The laws of physics are quietly executing their original source code at this very moment&#8212;manifested in the shifting shadows of rotation on your porch, the quantitative displacement of the moon on your evening walk, and the 4-minute sidereal shift of the stars.</p><p>Reading the data of the night sky is not about memorizing dry equations. It is about acquiring a profound astrophysical reassurance that this massive, complex system we stand upon is running safely without a single runtime crash. The great clockwork of the universe, which has operated for 13.8 billion years without a single system failure, is turning dynamically right now, perfectly synched to the frequency of your footsteps.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Could You Bring Me 10 Moles of Water?: What a 100-Point Exam Sheet Misses About Everyday Physics]]></title><description><![CDATA[When Abstract Symbols Integrate Into the Weight of a Cup of Water&#8212;The Pitfalls of Rote Learning and the Muscle of Thought]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/could-you-bring-me-10-moles-of-water</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/could-you-bring-me-10-moles-of-water</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:01:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/129b9305-cdea-469b-ad16-dcee6ca6c700_471x357.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Occasionally, when I meet local high school students, a mischievous urge takes over, and I throw a little riddle at them. Pretending my throat is completely parched, I casually ask: &#8220;I&#8217;m incredibly thirsty right now. Could you bring me exactly 10 moles (mol) of water molecules in a cup?&#8221;</p><p>The word &#8216;mole&#8217; is the absolute baseline of basics that anyone who has sat through a high school chemistry class memorizes to death. If you ask these average students to solve an equation on a test sheet, they can calculate it with their eyes closed.</p><p>Yet, the moment they encounter this very word in the vivid context of everyday life outside the classroom, their eyes begin to wander frantically. If I look away and pretend to be busy, they gather in a corner, sweating over what seems to be the greatest computational dilemma of their young lives. It is a state of cognitive panic that occurs when individuals, conditioned strictly to fixed, standardized exam patterns, are suddenly hit with a question outside their familiar data structure.</p><h3>When Abstract Symbols Convert to the Weight of a Cup of Water</h3><p>The solution, as it turns out, is almost disappointingly simple. The molecular weight of water (H&#8322;O) is approximately 18&#8212;calculated by adding two hydrogen atoms (H) and one oxygen atom (O). This physically means that the mass of 1 mole of water is exactly 18 grams.</p><p>Therefore, the 10 moles I declared a yearning to drink equals exactly 180 grams, requiring no calculator at all. Since the density of water is roughly 1 g/mL, filling a cup with exactly 180 mL&#8212;about half the volume of a standard canned beverage&#8212;yields the perfect answer.</p><p>While there are a few bright sparks who smartly deduce this causal relationship and return with a paper cup filled with water, the vast majority of students freeze, utterly at a loss.</p><p>This is precisely where the critical pitfall of our educational system reveals itself. We force children to ruthlessly memorize formulas and definitions, as if &#8220;differentiating&#8221; knowledge into isolated fractions. Yet, we fail to teach them the visceral sensory capacity to &#8220;integrate&#8221; those fragmented pieces back into the actual space, area, and volume they occupy in the physical world.</p><h3>The Questions Life Posits Are Not in Past Exam Papers</h3><p>Dead knowledge remembered solely as text and formulas evaporates from neural circuits the exact moment the exam sheets are collected. True knowledge materializes only when abstract symbols floating above the blackboard are converted into the tangible weight of a cold cup of water held in one&#8217;s own hand.</p><p>What students urgently need right now is not a 100-point report card stamped with a class rank. It is a flexible intuition&#8212;a capacity to actively observe every natural phenomenon through the academic lenses they acquired from textbooks.</p><p>Tonight, countless students will sit under the cold lights of study rooms, mindlessly memorizing formulas and solving past papers to seek standardized answers. However, the questions life poses to us always arrive with an entirely unfamiliar face, completely breaking away from the databases of past exam booklets.</p><p>In those defining moments, what prevents a system collapse is not the rote memory that merely copies and pastes formulas. It is a resilient &#8220;muscle of thought&#8221; capable of piercing through the essence of an unconventional question, running its own computation, and silently filling the cup with water.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[물 10몰만 가져다줄래?: 100점짜리 시험지가 놓친 일상의 진짜 물리학]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#44277;&#49885;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#48120;&#48516;&#46108; &#51312;&#44033;&#51012; &#49334;&#51032; &#48512;&#54588;&#47196; &#51201;&#48516;&#54644; &#45236;&#51648; &#47803;&#54616;&#45716; &#44368;&#50977; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#51064;&#51648;&#51201; &#44277;&#54889;&#50640; &#45824;&#54616;&#50668;.]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/10-100</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/10-100</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 23:49:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d3e28a60-a9a9-4d58-b42c-8ca69dacfe9d_471x357.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[&#50504;&#45236;] &#50545; &#45432;&#53944;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#50896;&#47928; &#47553;&#53356;&#47196; &#48120;&#47532; &#51217;&#54616;&#49512;&#45912; &#46021;&#51088;&#48516;&#46308;&#44760; &#44048;&#49324;&#46300;&#47549;&#45768;&#45796;. &#48376; &#47112;&#53552;&#45716; &#47700;&#51068;&#54632;&#51004;&#47196; &#44544;&#51012; &#48155;&#50500;&#48372;&#49884;&#45716; &#44396;&#46021;&#51088;&#48516;&#46308;&#51012; &#50948;&#54644; &#51221;&#47532;&#54616;&#50668; &#48176;&#54252;&#46104;&#45716; &#51221;&#49885; &#50640;&#49464;&#51060;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44032;&#45140; &#51452;&#48320;&#51032; &#44256;&#46321;&#54617;&#49373;&#46308;&#51012; &#47564;&#45208;&#47732; &#50644;&#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#47196;&#49436;&#51032; &#51667;&#44418;&#51008; &#51109;&#45212;&#44592;&#44032; &#48156;&#46041;&#54644; &#51068;&#51333;&#51032; &#8216;&#51064;&#51648; &#53300;&#51592;&#8217;&#47484; &#54616;&#45208; &#45912;&#51648;&#44260; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51068;&#48512;&#47084; &#47785;&#51060; &#48148;&#51677; &#47560;&#47480; &#49884;&#45705;&#51012; &#54616;&#47728; &#49836;&#51789; &#50672;&#49328; &#48276;&#50948;&#47484; &#45331;&#55176;&#45716; &#51656;&#47928;&#51012; &#53805; &#45912;&#51648;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#51424;.</p><p>&#8220;&#45236;&#44032; &#51648;&#44552; &#47785;&#51060; &#45320;&#47924; &#47560;&#47480;&#45936;, &#47932;&#48516;&#51088; 10&#47792;(mol)&#47564; &#52981;&#50640; &#44032;&#51256;&#45796;&#51460; &#49688; &#51080;&#44192;&#45768;?&#8221;</p><p>&#8216;&#47792;(mol, Avogadro&#8217;s number)&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#45800;&#50612;&#45716; &#44256;&#46321;&#54617;&#44368; &#54868;&#54617; &#44368;&#50977;&#44284;&#51221;&#51012; &#48159;&#51008; &#49324;&#46988;&#51060;&#46972;&#47732; &#45572;&#44396;&#45208; &#51648;&#44217;&#46020;&#47197; &#47560;&#51452;&#54616;&#45716; &#44592;&#52488; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#49464;&#53944;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49884;&#54744;&#51648; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436; &#49688;&#49885;&#51012; &#47588;&#54609;&#54616;&#46972;&#44256; &#54616;&#47732; &#45576;&#51012; &#44048;&#44256;&#46020; &#51221;&#45813; &#47588;&#53944;&#47533;&#49828;&#47484; &#52286;&#50500;&#45244; &#54217;&#44512;&#51032; &#50500;&#51060;&#46308;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#44368;&#44284;&#49436; &#48150;&#51032; &#49373;&#49373;&#54620; &#47088;&#53440;&#51076;(Runtime) &#54872;&#44221;&#50640;&#49436; &#51060; &#45800;&#50612;&#47484; &#47560;&#51452;&#54616;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036;, &#50500;&#51060;&#46308;&#51032; &#51064;&#51648; &#49888;&#44221;&#47581;&#50640;&#45716; &#51068;&#51228;&#55176; &#48337;&#47785; &#54788;&#49345;&#51060; &#48156;&#49373;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47784;&#47480; &#52377; &#45796;&#47480; &#51068;&#51012; &#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#51004;&#47732;, &#45376;&#49437;&#46308;&#51008; &#51200;&#46308;&#45180;&#47532; &#44396;&#49437;&#50640; &#47784;&#50668; &#46400;&#51012; &#48856;&#48856; &#55128;&#47532;&#47728; &#51064;&#49373; &#52572;&#45824;&#51032; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608; &#44256;&#48124;&#50640; &#48736;&#51256;&#46317;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44592;&#51316;&#51032; &#51221;&#54805;&#54868;&#46108; &#44592;&#52636;&#47928;&#51228; &#49828;&#53440;&#51068;&#51032; &#51077;&#47141;&#44050;(Input)&#50640;&#47564; &#44284;&#52572;&#51201;&#54868;(Overfitting)&#46104;&#50612; &#51080;&#45796;&#44032;, &#54620; &#48264;&#46020; &#51217;&#54644;&#48372;&#51648; &#47803;&#54620; &#47589;&#46973;&#51032; &#45231;&#49440; &#53244;&#47532;(Query)&#47484; &#48155;&#50520;&#51012; &#46412; &#50724;&#45716; &#51204;&#54805;&#51201;&#51064; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596; &#45796;&#50868; &#49345;&#53468;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>1. &#52628;&#49345;&#51201; &#44592;&#54840;&#44032; &#8216;&#47932; &#54620; &#52981;&#8217;&#51032; &#47924;&#44172;&#47196; &#51201;&#48516;&#46112; &#46412;</h3><p>&#49324;&#49892; &#51060; &#53300;&#51592;&#51032; &#45813;&#51008; &#44228;&#49328;&#44592;&#47484; &#46160;&#46300;&#47540; &#54596;&#50836;&#46020; &#50630;&#51060; &#54728;&#53448;&#54624; &#51221;&#46020;&#47196; &#47749;&#53132;&#54620; &#49440;&#54805; &#48169;&#51221;&#49885;&#51012; &#46384;&#47493;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#47932;(<span>H2O</span>)&#51032; &#48516;&#51088;&#47049;&#51008; &#49688;&#49548;(<span>H</span>) &#46160; &#44060;&#50752; &#49328;&#49548;(<span>O</span>) &#54620; &#44060;&#47484; &#45908;&#54644; &#50557; &#8216;18&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201; &#49345;&#49688;&#47484; &#44032;&#51665;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51593;, &#47932; 1&#47792;&#51032; &#51656;&#47049;&#51008; 18g&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#51221;&#47049;&#51201;&#51064; &#46907;&#51060;&#51648;&#50836;. &#44536;&#47111;&#45796;&#47732; &#45236;&#44032; &#50836;&#44396;&#54620; 10&#47792;&#51032; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201; &#52509;&#47049;&#51008; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; 180g&#51060; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47932;&#51032; &#48128;&#46020;&#45716; 1g/mL&#50640; &#49688;&#47156;&#54616;&#48064;&#47196;, &#51068;&#49345;&#50640;&#49436; &#55124;&#55176; &#47560;&#49884;&#45716; &#51088;&#54032;&#44592; &#52884; &#51020;&#47308;&#51032; &#46385; &#51208;&#48152; &#51221;&#46020;&#51064; 180mL&#47484; &#52981;&#50640; &#45812;&#50500;&#50724;&#47732; &#51221;&#45813; &#49828;&#53356;&#47549;&#53944;&#44032; &#50756;&#49457;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49828;&#47560;&#53944;&#54616;&#44172; &#51060; &#51064;&#44284;&#44288;&#44228;&#47484; &#52628;&#47200;&#54644; &#45236;&#50612; &#51333;&#51060;&#52981;&#50640; &#51221;&#54869;&#54620; &#48380;&#47464;&#51032; &#47932;&#51012; &#52292;&#50892; &#50724;&#45716; &#44592;&#53945;&#54620; &#45376;&#49437;&#46020; &#46300;&#47932;&#44172; &#51316;&#51116;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564;, &#45824;&#45796;&#49688;&#51032; &#54617;&#49373;&#51008; &#51064;&#53552;&#54168;&#51060;&#49828; &#50724;&#47448;&#47484; &#51068;&#51004;&#53416; &#44163;&#52376;&#47100; &#44536; &#51088;&#47532;&#50640;&#49436; &#50620;&#50612;&#48537;&#44256; &#47577;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50864;&#47532; &#44368;&#50977; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#44208;&#51221;&#51201; &#49444;&#44228; &#44208;&#54632;&#51060; &#48148;&#47196; &#50668;&#44592;&#50640; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#50500;&#51060;&#46308;&#50640;&#44172; &#44277;&#49885;&#44284; &#51221;&#51032;&#47484; &#47588;&#51221;&#54616;&#44172; &#8216;&#48120;&#48516;(Differentiation)&#8217;&#54616;&#46319; &#51096;&#44172; &#51900;&#44060;&#50612; &#50808;&#50864;&#44172; &#47564;&#46308;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44536;&#47111;&#44172; &#54028;&#54200;&#54868;&#46108; &#51648;&#49885;&#51060; &#54788;&#49892; &#49464;&#44228;&#50640;&#49436; &#50612;&#46500; &#47732;&#51201;&#44284; &#48512;&#54588;&#47484; &#52264;&#51648;&#54616;&#45716;&#51648; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#8216;&#51201;&#48516;(Integration)&#8217;&#54644; &#45236;&#45716; &#49373;&#52404; &#49468;&#49436;&#51032; &#52404;&#44048; &#44048;&#44033;&#51008; &#44032;&#47476;&#52824;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>2. &#49334;&#51060; &#45912;&#51648;&#45716; &#51656;&#47928;&#51008; &#44592;&#52636;&#47928;&#51228; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#48288;&#51060;&#49828;&#50640; &#50630;&#45796;</h3><p>&#53581;&#49828;&#53944;&#50752; &#44277;&#49885;&#51004;&#47196;&#47564; &#52880;&#49905;(Caching)&#46108; &#51453;&#51008; &#51648;&#49885;&#51008; &#49884;&#54744;&#51648;&#44032; &#44151;&#55176;&#45716; &#52272;&#45208;&#51032; &#49692;&#44036; &#45516; &#54924;&#47196;&#50640;&#49436; &#44263;&#48148;&#47196; &#55064;&#48156;(Evaporate)&#54644; &#48260;&#47549;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51652;&#51676; &#51648;&#49885;&#51008; &#52832;&#54032; &#50948;&#47484; &#48512;&#50976;&#54616;&#45912; &#52628;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#44592;&#54840;&#44032;, &#45236; &#49552;&#50640; &#51536;&#50612;&#51652; &#52264;&#44032;&#50868; &#47932; &#54620; &#52981;&#51032; &#48320;&#54632;&#50630;&#45716; &#8216;&#47924;&#44172;&#8217;&#47196; &#52824;&#54872;&#46112; &#46412; &#48708;&#47196;&#49548; &#50756;&#48317;&#55176; &#52980;&#54028;&#51068;&#46104;&#45716; &#48277;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50500;&#51060;&#46308;&#50640;&#44172; &#51648;&#44552; &#45817;&#51109; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#44163;&#51008; &#46321;&#49688;&#46972;&#45716; 1&#52264;&#50896;&#51201; &#44208;&#44284;&#44050;&#51060; &#52237;&#55180; 100&#51216;&#51676;&#47532; &#49884;&#54744;&#51648;&#44032; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49464;&#49345;&#51032; &#47784;&#46304; &#51088;&#50672; &#54788;&#49345;&#44284; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#49828;&#53944;&#47548;&#51012; &#51088;&#49888;&#51060; &#44368;&#44284;&#49436;&#50640;&#49436; &#48176;&#50868; &#54617;&#47928;&#51032; &#47116;&#51592;&#47196; &#51452;&#46020;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48516;&#49437;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#50976;&#50672;&#54620; &#51649;&#44288;&#51032; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50724;&#45720; &#48164;&#50640;&#46020; &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#54617;&#49373;&#46308;&#51060; &#52264;&#44032;&#50868; &#46021;&#49436;&#49892; &#48520;&#48731; &#50500;&#47000;&#50640;&#49436; &#44277;&#49885;&#51012; &#47924;&#51089;&#51221; &#50516;&#44592;&#54616;&#44256; &#44592;&#52636;&#47928;&#51228;&#47484; &#48152;&#48373; &#54400;&#51060;&#54616;&#47728; &#51221;&#54805;&#54868;&#46108; &#51221;&#45813; &#44452;&#46020;&#47564;&#51012; &#51923;&#44256; &#51080;&#51012;&#51648; &#47784;&#47493;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51221;&#51089; &#49334;&#51060; &#50864;&#47532;&#50640;&#44172; &#45912;&#51648;&#45716; &#49892;&#51316;&#51201;&#51064; &#51656;&#47928;&#46308;&#51008;, &#50616;&#51228;&#45208; &#44592;&#52636;&#47928;&#51228;&#51665;&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#48288;&#51060;&#49828;&#47484; &#50756;&#48317;&#55176; &#48279;&#50612;&#45212; &#8216;&#54620; &#48264;&#46020; &#48376; &#51201; &#50630;&#45716; &#45231;&#49440; &#45432;&#51060;&#51592;&#51032; &#50620;&#44404;&#8217;&#51012; &#54616;&#44256; &#52286;&#50500;&#50741;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536; &#50696;&#52769; &#48520;&#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#48320;&#49688;(Null State) &#50526;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#48533;&#44340;&#47484; &#47561;&#50500;&#51452;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008;, &#44592;&#49457; &#44277;&#49885;&#51012; &#44536;&#45824;&#47196; &#48373;&#49324;&#54644; &#45347;&#45716; &#52636;&#47141; &#49457;&#45733;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50633;&#46769;&#54616;&#44256; &#48320;&#52825;&#51201;&#51064; &#51656;&#47928; &#49549;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#54788;&#49345;&#51032; &#48376;&#51656;&#51012; &#45040;&#46763;&#50612; &#48372;&#44256;, &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#50672;&#49328;&#54616;&#50668; &#51333;&#51060;&#52981;&#50640; &#47932;&#51012; &#47925;&#47925;&#55176; &#52292;&#50892; &#50732; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#45800;&#45800;&#54620; &#8216;&#49324;&#50976;&#51032; &#54616;&#46300;&#50920;&#50612;&#8217;, &#51593; &#49373;&#44033;&#51032; &#44540;&#50977;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Total Solar Eclipse a Physicist Awaits: 6 Minutes and 23 Seconds of Total Darkness]]></title><description><![CDATA[A Deterministic Paradise Proven by Celestial Mechanics&#8212;How the Universe Debugs Human Intellect]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/the-total-solar-eclipse-a-physicist</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/the-total-solar-eclipse-a-physicist</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 27 Jun 2026 06:19:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ee888e3c-4e1e-4ee9-aa45-ba9d7b02ecdb_283x158.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In August 2026, the attention of the astronomical community and observers worldwide will be fixed on northern Spain to witness a 2-minute-and-18-second total solar eclipse. However, to an engineer looking closely at the datasheets of celestial mechanics, a far more stunning orbital function awaits a year later: the historical &#8220;6 minutes and 23 seconds&#8221; of darkness over Luxor, Egypt, on August 2, 2027.</p><p>When three massive bodies&#8212;the Earth, Moon, and Sun&#8212;achieve a perfect linear alignment in spacetime, the resulting maximization of darkness reveals the sublime beauty of relative velocity vectors and boundary conditions computed precisely by the cosmos.</p><h3>1. Margins of Visual Diameter and Controlling Optical Error</h3><p>From Earth, the average visual diameters of the Sun and the Moon match at a staggering 0.5 degrees. The very phenomenon of a total solar eclipse is a stroke of pure geometrical luck&#8212;a celestial buffer granted to humanity. If their apparent sizes matched perfectly at all times, a total eclipse would last only a few seconds as a single dot in the sky.</p><p>Yet, the sky over Luxor in August 2027 represents a critical celestial threshold where this visual margin widens to its absolute limit:</p><ul><li><p><strong>The Moon at Perigee:</strong> Because the Moon&#8217;s orbit is an eccentric ellipse, its visual diameter increases by about 5% to 7% when it reaches perigee, its closest approach to Earth.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Earth Near Aphelion:</strong> August occurs right after Earth passes aphelion (early July), the point farthest from the Sun, meaning the Sun&#8217;s visual diameter shrinks to its annual minimum.</p></li></ul><p>In this dynamic system, the &#8220;largest data of the Moon&#8221; completely overlaps the &#8220;smallest data of the Sun.&#8221; This optical excess provides the foundational input for an overwhelming shadow time exceeding six minutes.</p><h3>2. Velocity Vectors of the Umbra and the Synchronization of Earth&#8217;s Rotation</h3><p>A massive projected Moon size alone cannot guarantee a six-minute totality. The real engineering challenge lies in controlling the relative velocity of the system.</p><p>Driven by orbital velocity, the Moon&#8217;s umbra sweeps across the Earth&#8217;s surface at a blistering speed of 2,000 to 3,000 km/h. If an observer stood on a stationary reference frame, this shadow would pierce through the coordinates in the blink of an eye and diverge immediately.</p><p>The critical calibration variable here is Earth&#8217;s rotational velocity vector. Earth rotates from west to east&#8212;the same forward direction as the Moon&#8217;s orbit. Closer to the equator, the linear velocity increases, chasing the shadow at nearly 1,600 km/h.</p><p>This mechanism is identical to driving alongside a speeding vehicle on a highway, effectively reducing the relative velocity toward zero. In 2027, the latitude of Luxor, Egypt, serves as an optimized matching vector where the path of the umbra and Earth&#8217;s linear velocity achieve a geometric equilibrium. It is the exact computational coordinate that holds the shadow in the observer&#8217;s viewport for the longest possible duration.</p><h3>3. Trimming Nonlinear Noise and 6 Minutes of Physical Silence</h3><p>A total solar eclipse is not a discrete, binary switch. From the moment of First Contact, a precise mechanical prelude unfolds over 90 minutes as the Moon bites into the Sun&#8217;s photosphere.</p><p>During this feedback phase, the system&#8217;s thermodynamic variables fluctuate wildly. Ambient temperatures plunge by several degrees, the apocalyptic derivative of light levels sharpens the diffraction edges of shadows, and sudden pressure changes whip up an &#8220;eclipse wind.&#8221;</p><p>Far beyond the electromagnetic noise and optical illusions manufactured in modern cities, the universe projects its true clockwork nature onto the ground, governed strictly by the laws of universal gravitation. This 6-minute-and-23-second silence is one of the few &#8220;deterministic paradises&#8221; that human intellect can predict down to the last decimal place without error.</p><h3>Epilogue: A Compilable Cosmic Celebration</h3><p>As an engineer dealing with complex systems dominated by uncertainty and noise, it is easy to lapse into skepticism about perfect control and predictability. The worlds of fluid mechanics and quantum physics always seem to escape probabilistically beyond our calculators.</p><p>An eclipse, however, is different. This macro-scale event can be flawlessly compiled into a timeline of precise coordinates and seconds using nothing but Newton&#8217;s and Kepler&#8217;s equations. It stands as a perfect debugging report, proving how firmly the underlying architecture of our universe is anchored in crystalline order.</p><p>Passing the 2-minute-and-18-second preview in Spain in 2026, the 6-minute-and-23-second darkness pouring over the Egyptian desert in 2027 will unveil a corona burning at millions of degrees&#8212;the most overwhelming proof of existence plasma dynamics can display.</p><p>By occasionally guiding us through a geometric festival entirely computable by reason, the universe humbles the human mind that designs systems, in the most elevated way possible.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[물리학자가 기다리는 개기일식: 6분 23초의 암흑과 인생의 여유]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#52380;&#52404;&#50669;&#54617;&#51060; &#51613;&#47749;&#54616;&#45716; &#44208;&#51221;&#47200;&#51201; &#45209;&#50896;, &#50864;&#51452;&#44032; &#51064;&#44036;&#51032; &#51648;&#49457;&#51012; &#46356;&#48260;&#44613;&#54616;&#45716; &#48277;]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/6-23</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/6-23</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2026 07:30:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/29e306c0-ec0a-46b9-9073-7e0480d32b31_283x158.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>[&#48156;&#49569; &#50504;&#45236;] &#48376; &#50640;&#49464;&#51060;&#45716; &#52572;&#44540; &#50937;&#50640; &#48156;&#54665;&#46104;&#50632;&#45912; &#50896;&#44256;&#51032; &#51221;&#49885; &#51060;&#47700;&#51068; &#48156;&#49569;&#48376;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50526;&#51004;&#47196; [&#54620;&#44397;&#50612;]&#50752; [English] &#49465;&#49496;&#51060; &#48516;&#47532; &#48156;&#49569;&#46104;&#47728;, &#53945;&#51221; &#50616;&#50612; &#49688;&#49888;&#51012; &#50896;&#52824; &#50506;&#51004;&#49884;&#47732; &#47700;&#51068; &#52572;&#54616;&#45800; &#8216;Unsubscribe&#8217; &#47553;&#53356;&#50640;&#49436; &#49444;&#51221; &#44032;&#45733;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. (Notice: This is a formal email delivery of the essay previously published on our web server. To opt-out of the Korean section, please update your preferences via the &#8216;Unsubscribe&#8217; link at the bottom of this email.)</span></p><p>2026&#45380; 8&#50900;, &#52380;&#47928;&#54617;&#44228;&#50752; &#51204; &#49464;&#44228; &#44288;&#52769;&#44032;&#46308;&#51032; &#49884;&#49440;&#51008; &#49828;&#54168;&#51064; &#48513;&#48512;&#47196; &#54693;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45824;&#45230;&#50640; &#53468;&#50577;&#51060; &#50756;&#51204;&#55176; &#51088;&#52712;&#47484; &#44048;&#52628;&#45716; 2&#48516; 18&#52488;&#51032; &#44060;&#44592;&#51068;&#49885;&#51012; &#47785;&#44201;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644;&#49436;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#52380;&#52404;&#50669;&#54617;&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#49884;&#53944;&#47484; &#51221;&#48128;&#54616;&#44172; &#46308;&#50668;&#45796;&#48372;&#45716; &#50644;&#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#51032; &#45576;&#50640;&#45716;, &#44536;&#48372;&#45796; 1&#45380; &#46244;&#51064; 2027&#45380; 8&#50900; 2&#51068;, &#51060;&#51665;&#53944; &#47337;&#49548;&#47476; &#54616;&#45720;&#50640;&#49436; &#54204;&#52432;&#51656; &#8216;6&#48516; 23&#52488;&#8217;&#46972;&#45716; &#49345;&#54620;&#52824;&#50640; &#44032;&#44620;&#50868; &#49707;&#51088;&#44032; &#55016;&#50476; &#45908; &#44221;&#51060;&#47196;&#50868; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201; &#44452;&#46020; &#54632;&#49688;&#47196; &#45796;&#44032;&#50741;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51648;&#44396;&#50752; &#45804;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#53468;&#50577;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#49464; &#44060;&#51032; &#51656;&#47049;&#52404;&#44032; &#49884;&#44277;&#44036;&#50640;&#49436; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#49440;&#54805;&#51201; &#51221;&#47148;&#51012; &#51060;&#47344; &#46412; &#48156;&#49373;&#54616;&#45716; &#51060; &#8216;&#50516;&#55121;&#51032; &#44537;&#45824;&#54868;&#8217; &#54788;&#49345; &#46244;&#50640;&#45716;, &#50864;&#51452;&#44032; &#51221;&#44368;&#54616;&#44172; &#44228;&#49328;&#54644; &#46164; &#49345;&#45824; &#49549;&#46020; &#48289;&#53552;&#50752; &#44221;&#44228; &#51312;&#44148;&#51032; &#48120;&#54617;&#51060; &#49704;&#50612; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>1. &#49884;&#51649;&#44221;(Visual Diameter)&#51032; &#47560;&#51652;&#44284; &#44305;&#54617;&#51201; &#50724;&#52264; &#48276;&#51452;&#51032; &#51228;&#50612;</h3><p>&#51648;&#44396;&#50640;&#49436; &#48148;&#46972;&#48372;&#45716; &#53468;&#50577;&#44284; &#45804;&#51032; &#54217;&#44512; &#49884;&#51649;&#44221;&#51008; &#50557; 0.5&#46020;&#47196; &#44592;&#44032; &#47561;&#55176;&#44172; &#51068;&#52824;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44060;&#44592;&#51068;&#49885;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#54788;&#49345; &#51088;&#52404;&#44032; &#51064;&#47448;&#44032; &#50864;&#51452;&#50640;&#49436; &#45572;&#47532;&#45716; &#51648;&#44537;&#55176; &#50864;&#50672;&#51201;&#51064; &#44592;&#54616;&#54617;&#51201; &#48260;&#54140;(Buffer)&#51064; &#49480;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47564;&#50557; &#46160; &#52380;&#52404;&#51032; &#53356;&#44592;&#44032; &#49345;&#49884; &#50756;&#48317;&#55176; &#51068;&#52824;&#54620;&#45796;&#47732; &#44060;&#44592;&#49885;&#51008; &#45800; &#47751; &#52488;&#51032; &#51216;(Dot)&#51004;&#47196; &#45149;&#45208;&#50556; &#47560;&#46405;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; 2027&#45380; 8&#50900; 2&#51068;&#51032; &#47337;&#49548;&#47476; &#54616;&#45720;&#51008; &#51060; &#49884;&#51649;&#44221;&#51032; &#47560;&#51652;(Margin)&#51060; &#44537;&#54620;&#51004;&#47196; &#48268;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#52380;&#52404;&#50669;&#54617;&#51201; &#51076;&#44228;&#51216;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#45804;&#51032; &#44540;&#51648;&#51216;(Perigee) &#53685;&#44284;:</strong> &#45804;&#51032; &#44277;&#51204; &#44452;&#46020;&#45716; &#51060;&#49900;&#47456;&#51012; &#44032;&#51652; &#53440;&#50896;&#51060;&#44592;&#50640; &#51648;&#44396;&#50640; &#44032;&#51109; &#44032;&#44620;&#50892;&#51648;&#45716; &#44540;&#51648;&#51216; &#44540;&#52376;&#50640; &#46020;&#45804;&#54616;&#47732; &#49884;&#51649;&#44221;&#51060; &#54217;&#44512;&#48372;&#45796; &#50557; 5~7% &#51613;&#44032;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51648;&#44396;&#51032; &#50896;&#51068;&#51216;(Aphelion) &#51064;&#44540; &#50948;&#52824;:</strong> 8&#50900;&#51008; &#51648;&#44396;&#44032; &#53468;&#50577;&#51004;&#47196;&#48512;&#53552; &#44032;&#51109; &#47680;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#50896;&#51068;&#51216;(7&#50900; &#52488;)&#51012; &#51648;&#45212; &#51649;&#54980;&#47196;, &#53468;&#50577;&#51032; &#49884;&#51649;&#44221;&#51060; &#50672;&#51473; &#44032;&#51109; &#52629;&#49548;&#46104;&#45716; &#49884;&#44592;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#51593;, &#50669;&#54617;&#44228; &#45236;&#50640;&#49436; &#8216;&#44032;&#51109; &#44144;&#45824;&#54644;&#51652; &#45804;&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#8217;&#44032; &#8216;&#44032;&#51109; &#51089;&#50500;&#51652; &#53468;&#50577;&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#8217;&#47484; &#45934;&#50612;&#48260;&#47532;&#45716; &#54805;&#53468;&#44032; &#46104;&#47728;, &#51060; &#44305;&#54617;&#51201; &#52488;&#44284;&#48516;(Overlap)&#51060; 6&#48516;&#51060; &#45336;&#45716; &#50517;&#46020;&#51201;&#51064; &#49408;&#46020;&#50864; &#53440;&#51076;(Shadow Time)&#51032; &#44592;&#52488; &#51077;&#47141;&#44050;(Input)&#51012; &#54805;&#49457;&#54616;&#44172; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>2. &#48376;&#44536;&#47548;&#51088;(Umbra)&#51032; &#51060;&#46041; &#48289;&#53552;&#50752; &#51648;&#44396; &#51088;&#51204;&#51032; &#46041;&#44592;&#54868;(Synchronization)</h3><p>&#45800;&#49692;&#55176; &#45804;&#51032; &#53804;&#50689; &#53356;&#44592;&#44032; &#53356;&#45796;&#44256; &#54644;&#49436; 6&#48516;&#51060; &#45336;&#45716; &#44060;&#44592; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060; &#54869;&#48372;&#46104;&#51648;&#45716; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51652;&#51676; &#45212;&#51228;&#45716; &#44228;(System)&#51032; &#49345;&#45824; &#49549;&#46020;&#47484; &#51228;&#50612;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45804;&#51032; &#44277;&#51204; &#49549;&#46020;&#47196; &#51064;&#54644; &#48156;&#49373;&#54616;&#45716; &#48376;&#44536;&#47548;&#51088;(Umbra)&#45716; &#49884;&#49549; &#50557; 2,000 ~ 3,000 km&#46972;&#45716; &#50628;&#52397;&#45212; &#49549;&#47141;&#51004;&#47196; &#51648;&#44396; &#54364;&#47732;&#51012; &#50424;&#44256; &#51648;&#45208;&#44049;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47564;&#50557; &#44288;&#52769;&#51088;&#44032; &#47688;&#52656; &#51080;&#45716; &#51340;&#54364;&#44228;&#50640; &#49436; &#51080;&#45796;&#47732;, &#51060; &#44536;&#47548;&#51088;&#45716; &#44288;&#52769; &#51648;&#51216;&#51012; &#49692;&#49885;&#44036;&#50640; &#44288;&#53685;&#54644; &#48156;&#49328;(Divergence)&#54644; &#48260;&#47540; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50668;&#44592;&#49436; &#44208;&#51221;&#51201;&#51064; &#48372;&#51221; &#48320;&#49688;&#47196; &#51089;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#51648;&#44396;&#51032; &#51088;&#51204; &#49549;&#46020; &#48289;&#53552;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51648;&#44396;&#45716; &#49436;&#50640;&#49436; &#46041;&#51004;&#47196;, &#51593; &#45804;&#51032; &#44277;&#51204; &#48169;&#54693;&#44284; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#45716; &#49692;&#48169;&#54693;&#51004;&#47196; &#51088;&#51204;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#53945;&#55176; &#51201;&#46020;&#50640; &#44032;&#44620;&#50868; &#51200;&#50948;&#46020; &#51648;&#50669;&#51068;&#49688;&#47197; &#49440;&#49549;&#46020;&#44032; &#51613;&#44032;&#54616;&#50668; &#49884;&#49549; &#50557; 1,600 km&#50640; &#50977;&#48149;&#54616;&#45716; &#49549;&#46020;&#47196; &#44536;&#47548;&#51088;&#47484; &#54632;&#44760; &#52628;&#44201;&#54616;&#44172; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44256;&#49549;&#46020;&#47196;&#50640;&#49436; &#45208;&#47484; &#52628;&#50900;&#54644;&#44032;&#45716; &#44256;&#49549; &#52264;&#47049;&#44284; &#45208;&#46976;&#55176; &#45804;&#47532;&#47728; &#49345;&#45824; &#49549;&#46020;&#47484; &#51228;&#47196;(Zero)&#50640; &#44032;&#44637;&#44172; &#47532;&#46272;&#49828;(Reduce)&#49884;&#53412;&#45716; &#44163;&#44284; &#44057;&#51008; &#47700;&#52964;&#45768;&#51608;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. 2027&#45380; &#51060;&#51665;&#53944; &#47337;&#49548;&#47476;&#51032; &#50948;&#46020; &#51648;&#51216;&#51008; &#48376;&#44536;&#47548;&#51088;&#51032; &#51060;&#46041; &#44452;&#51201;&#44284; &#51648;&#44396;&#51032; &#51088;&#51204; &#49440;&#49549;&#46020;&#44032; &#44592;&#54616;&#54617;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#52572;&#51201;&#51032; &#54217;&#54805; &#49345;&#53468;(Matching Vector)&#47484; &#51060;&#47336;&#45716; &#44452;&#46020;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47548;&#51088;&#44032; &#44288;&#52769;&#51088;&#51032; &#49884;&#50556;&#47484; &#51648;&#45208;&#44032;&#45716; &#49549;&#46020;&#47484; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44032;&#51109; &#44600;&#44172; &#48537;&#51105;&#50500;&#46160;&#45716; &#50672;&#49328; &#51648;&#51216;&#51064; &#49480;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>3. &#48708;&#49440;&#54805;&#51201; &#45432;&#51060;&#51592;&#51032; &#44144;&#49464;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; 6&#48516;&#51032; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201; &#51221;&#51201;</h3><p>&#44060;&#44592;&#51068;&#49885;&#51008; &#48520;&#50672;&#49549;&#51201;&#51064; &#49828;&#50948;&#52845; &#54788;&#49345;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51228;1&#51217;&#52489;(First Contact) &#49692;&#44036;&#48512;&#53552; &#45804;&#51060; &#53468;&#50577;&#51032; &#44305;&#44396;&#47484; &#48288;&#50612; &#47932;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54644; &#50756;&#51204;&#55176; &#52264;&#45800;(Blocking)&#54616;&#44592;&#44620;&#51648; &#50557; 90&#48516;&#44036;&#51032; &#51221;&#48128;&#54620; &#50669;&#54617;&#51201; &#51204;&#51312; &#49436;&#49324;&#44032; &#47676;&#51200; &#51652;&#54665;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#54588;&#46300;&#48177; &#44396;&#44036; &#46041;&#50504; &#44228;&#51032; &#50676;&#50669;&#54617;&#51201; &#49688;&#52824;&#46308;&#51008; &#44553;&#44201;&#55176; &#50836;&#46041;&#52841;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45824;&#44592; &#50728;&#46020;&#44032; &#49688; &#46020; &#51060;&#49345; 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&#45244; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51060; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#52380;&#52404; &#49828;&#52992;&#51068;&#51032; &#51060;&#48292;&#53944;&#45716;, &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#48156;&#51012; &#46363;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#51060; &#50864;&#51452;&#51032; &#48148;&#53461; &#50500;&#53412;&#53581;&#52376;&#44032; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#44204;&#44256;&#54620; &#51656;&#49436; &#50948;&#50640; &#49464;&#50892;&#51256; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648;&#47484; &#51613;&#47749;&#54616;&#45716; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#46356;&#48260;&#44613; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>2026&#45380; &#49828;&#54168;&#51064;&#51032; &#45824;&#44592;&#44428;&#51060; &#49440;&#48372;&#51068; 2&#48516; 18&#52488;&#51032; &#50696;&#44256;&#54200;&#51012; &#51648;&#45208;, 2027&#45380; &#51060;&#51665;&#53944; &#49324;&#47561; &#50948;&#47196; &#50143;&#50500;&#51656; 6&#48516; 23&#52488;&#51032; &#50516;&#55121;. &#44536; &#49884;&#44036; &#46041;&#50504; &#53468;&#50577;&#51032; &#50808;&#44285;&#51004;&#47196; &#49116;&#50612;&#51256; &#45208;&#50732; &#49688;&#48177;&#47564; &#46020;&#51032; &#53076;&#47196;&#45208;(Corona) &#51452;&#54028;&#49688;&#45716; &#54540;&#46972;&#51592;&#47560; &#50669;&#54617;&#51060; &#48372;&#50668;&#51452;&#45716; &#50864;&#51452;&#51032; &#44032;&#51109; &#50517;&#46020;&#51201;&#51064; &#51316;&#51116;&#51032; &#51613;&#47749;&#51060; &#46112; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50864;&#51452;&#45716; &#51060;&#46384;&#44552; &#51060;&#49457;&#51004;&#47196; &#50756;&#48317;&#55176; &#44228;&#49328; &#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#44592;&#54616;&#54617;&#51201; &#52629;&#51228;&#47484; &#53685;&#44284;&#54616;&#44172; &#54632;&#51004;&#47196;&#50024;, &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51012; &#49444;&#44228;&#54616;&#45716; &#51064;&#44036;&#51032; &#51648;&#49457;&#51012; &#44032;&#51109; &#44256;&#46020;&#54868;&#46108; &#48169;&#49885;&#51004;&#47196; &#44216;&#54728;&#54616;&#44172; &#47564;&#46317;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[입 닥치고 계산이나 해!: 방정식 ax=b에서 양자역학까지, 계산하는 뇌와 이해하는 마음]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#8216;0&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#49688;&#54617;&#51201; &#50696;&#50808;&#50640;&#49436; &#50577;&#51088;&#50669;&#54617;&#51032; &#50836;&#51648;&#44221; &#47784;&#49692;&#44620;&#51648;, &#45796; &#50508;&#51648; &#47803;&#54644;&#46020; &#45817;&#51109; &#50724;&#45720;&#51012; &#44228;&#49328;&#54644; &#45236;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716; &#49436;&#44544;&#54536; &#49689;&#47749;&#44284; &#49900;&#50672;&#51032; &#49457;&#52272;.]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/axb</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/axb</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 20 Jun 2026 16:27:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/95ea39e6-91e3-41e9-a117-821bbfe717e6_523x376.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[&#50504;&#45236;] &#50545; &#45432;&#53944;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#50896;&#47928; &#47553;&#53356;&#47196; &#48120;&#47532; &#51217;&#54616;&#49512;&#45912; &#46021;&#51088;&#48516;&#46308;&#44760; 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&#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51200;&#45716; &#51060; &#51656;&#47928;&#46308;&#51012; &#54617;&#49373;&#51032; &#49688;&#54617;&#51201; &#44618;&#51060;&#47484; &#52769;&#51221;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51333;&#51032; &#47532;&#53944;&#47672;&#49828; &#49884;&#54744;&#51648;&#47196; &#49340;&#44260; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>&#49688;&#54617;&#51201; &#51649;&#44288;&#51012; &#44648;&#50864;&#45716; &#49464; &#44032;&#51648; &#47532;&#53944;&#47672;&#49828; &#49884;&#54744;&#51648;</h3><p>&#52395; &#48264;&#51704; &#49884;&#54744;&#51648;&#45716; &#51473;&#54617;&#44368; 1&#54617;&#45380;&#46020; &#54400; &#49688; &#51080;&#51012; &#44163; &#44057;&#51008; &#50500;&#51452; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; <em>ax = b</em>&#46972;&#45716; &#48169;&#51221;&#49885;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#8220;&#51060;&#44152; &#54620;&#48264; &#54400;&#50612;&#48372;&#47156;&#8221; &#54616;&#44256; &#45324;&#51648;&#49884; &#45912;&#51648;&#47732;, &#45824;&#45796;&#49688;&#51032; &#54617;&#49373;&#51008; &#47581;&#49444;&#51076; &#50630;&#51060; <em>x = b/a</em>&#46972;&#44256; &#45813;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45257;&#51221;&#54616;&#44172; &#47568;&#54644; 50&#51216;&#51676;&#47532; &#45824;&#45813;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51312;&#44552; &#45908; &#50689;&#53945;&#54620; &#54617;&#49373;&#51008; &#8220;&#49440;&#49373;&#45784;, <em>a</em>&#44032; 0&#51068; &#46412;&#45716; &#45208;&#45580; &#49688; &#50630;&#51004;&#45768;&#44620; <em>a</em>&#44032; 0&#51060; &#50500;&#45776; &#46412;(<em>a &#8800; 0</em>)&#47564; &#45813;&#51060; &#46076;&#50836;&#8221;&#46972;&#44256; &#47568;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50668;&#44592;&#44620;&#51648; &#50724;&#47732; 80&#51216;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>100&#51216;&#51676;&#47532; &#51221;&#45813;&#51008; <em>a = 0</em>&#51068; &#46412;&#51032; &#49345;&#54889;&#44620;&#51648; &#51665;&#50836;&#54616;&#44172; &#54028;&#44256;&#46308;&#50612;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. <em>b</em>&#47560;&#51200; 0&#51060;&#46972;&#47732; &#47784;&#46304; 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&#48264;&#51704;&#45716; &#8216;&#48516;&#47784;&#44032; 0&#51060; &#46112; &#49688; &#50630;&#45716; &#51060;&#50976;&#8217;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#45824;&#45813;&#51008; &#49373;&#44033;&#48372;&#45796; &#44036;&#45800;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50864;&#47532;&#50640;&#44172; &#51061;&#49689;&#54620; <em>y = 1/x</em> &#44536;&#47000;&#54532;&#47484; &#47672;&#47551;&#49549;&#51004;&#47196; &#54620;&#48264; &#46496;&#50732;&#47140; &#48380;&#44620;&#50836;?</p><p><em>x</em>&#44032; 0&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#44221;&#44228;&#47484; &#54693;&#54644; &#50724;&#47480;&#51901;(&#50577;&#49688;)&#50640;&#49436; &#50500;&#51452; &#51312;&#44552;&#47564; &#45796;&#44032;&#44032;&#46020; <em>y</em>&#45716; &#51200; &#54616;&#45720; &#45458;&#51008; &#50577;&#51032; &#47924;&#54620;&#45824;(+&#8734;)&#47196; &#52824;&#49567;&#50500; &#48260;&#47549;&#45768;&#45796;. &#48152;&#45824;&#47196; &#50812;&#51901;(&#51020;&#49688;)&#50640;&#49436; &#45796;&#44032;&#44032;&#47732; 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&#49800;&#47280;&#46377;&#44144; &#48169;&#51221;&#49885;&#51012; &#51060;&#50857;&#54644; &#51204;&#51088;&#51032; &#50948;&#52824;&#50752; &#50640;&#45320;&#51648;&#47484; &#49548;&#49688;&#51216; &#50500;&#47000; &#49688;&#49901; &#51088;&#47532;&#44620;&#51648; &#44536;&#50556;&#47568;&#47196; &#44592;&#44032; &#47561;&#55176;&#44172; &#44228;&#49328;&#54644;&#45253;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50724;&#45720;&#45216; &#48152;&#46020;&#52404;&#47484; &#47564;&#46308;&#44256; &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#50416;&#45716; &#49828;&#47560;&#53944;&#54256;&#51012; &#44396;&#46041;&#54616;&#45716; &#44592;&#49696;&#51060; &#48148;&#47196; &#51060; &#51221;&#44368;&#54620; &#44228;&#49328; &#50948;&#50640; &#49436; &#51080;&#51424;.</p><p>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51060; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#50672;&#49328;&#51032; &#46244;&#54200;&#50640;&#49436;, &#51221;&#51089; &#8220;&#51060; &#54788;&#49345;&#51032; &#49892;&#51228; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201; &#49892;&#52404;&#50752; &#51032;&#48120;&#44032; &#47924;&#50631;&#51064;&#44032;?&#8221;&#46972;&#45716; &#44540;&#50896;&#51201;&#51064; &#51656;&#47928;&#51012; &#45912;&#51648;&#47732; &#52380;&#54616;&#51032; &#52380;&#51116; &#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#51088;&#46308;&#46020; &#50557;&#49549;&#51060;&#45208; &#54620; &#46319; &#47568;&#47928;&#51060; &#47561;&#55176;&#44256; &#47577;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44288;&#52272;&#54616;&#44592; &#51204;&#44620;&#51648;&#45716; &#50508;&#44081;&#51060;&#47196; &#51316;&#51116;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;&#45716; &#46907;&#51064;&#51648;, &#50500;&#45768;&#47732; &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#54217;&#54665; &#50864;&#51452;&#44032; &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#51473;&#52393;&#46104;&#50612; &#51316;&#51116;&#54620;&#45796;&#45716; &#46907;&#51064;&#51648;, &#44536; &#8216;&#48376;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#51032;&#48120;&#8217;&#47484; &#46160;&#44256; &#44284;&#54617;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#48177; &#45380;&#51060; &#45336;&#45716; &#49884;&#44036; &#46041;&#50504; &#50668;&#51204;&#55176; &#46888;&#44161;&#44172; &#49912;&#50864;&#44256; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50724;&#51453;&#54616;&#47732; &#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#44228;&#50640;&#49436; &#45796;&#51020;&#44284; &#44057;&#51008; &#44144;&#52828; &#47568;&#51060; &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#49436;&#44544;&#54536; &#44201;&#50616;&#52376;&#47100; &#53685;&#50857;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#51012;&#44620;&#50836;.</p><blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;&#51077; &#45797;&#52824;&#44256; &#44228;&#49328;&#51060;&#45208; &#54644; (Shut up and calculate)!&#8221;</strong></p></blockquote><h3>&#49900;&#50672;&#51012; &#45908;&#46316;&#45716; &#51064;&#44036;&#51032; &#49689;&#47749;</h3><p>&#50668;&#44592;&#49436; &#50500;&#51452; &#44592;&#47896;&#54620; &#50669;&#49444;&#51060; &#48156;&#49373;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49688;&#54617;&#51032; &#44592;&#52488;&#47484; &#48176;&#50872; &#46412;&#45716; &#8220;&#50780;?&#8221;&#46972;&#45716; &#48376;&#51656;&#51012; &#47784;&#47480; &#52292; &#44592;&#44228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44228;&#49328;&#47564; &#54616;&#45716; &#54617;&#49373;&#51012; &#50628;&#54616;&#44172; &#44984;&#51670;&#45716;&#45936;, &#51221;&#51089; &#51064;&#47448; &#44284;&#54617;&#51032; &#52572;&#51204;&#49440;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#8220;&#50780;?&#8221;&#47484; &#47931;&#51648; &#47568;&#44256; &#44536;&#51200; &#44228;&#49328;&#44592;&#45208; &#51096; &#46160;&#46300;&#47532;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#44032;&#51109; &#50948;&#45824;&#54620; &#48120;&#45909;&#51060; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49464;&#49345;&#51008; &#52280;&#51004;&#47196; &#50508; &#49688; &#50630;&#45716; &#50836;&#51648;&#44221;&#51064; &#49480;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50612;&#51788;&#47732; &#51064;&#44036;&#51032; &#51648;&#49457;&#51060;&#46976;, &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#51652;&#47532;&#51032; &#48148;&#45796; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436; &#8216;&#44228;&#49328; &#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#50689;&#50669;&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#50500;&#51452; &#51089;&#51008; &#49452;&#51012; &#54616;&#45208;&#50473; &#50808;&#47213;&#44172; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612;&#44032;&#45716; &#44284;&#51221;&#51068;&#51648;&#46020; &#47784;&#47476;&#44192;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p><em>ax = b</em>&#46972;&#45716; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#49688;&#49885;&#50640;&#49436; 0&#51032; &#50696;&#50808;&#47484; &#52286;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#44256;&#48124;&#54616;&#45716; &#51473;&#54617;&#49373;&#51060;&#45208;, &#50864;&#51452;&#51032; &#54028;&#46041;&#54632;&#49688;&#47484; &#54392;&#45716; &#47932;&#47532;&#54617;&#51088;&#45208;, &#44208;&#44397;&#51008; &#51088;&#49888;&#51060; &#46020;&#52636;&#54644; &#45240; &#44277;&#49885;&#51032; &#50756;&#51204;&#54620; &#51032;&#48120;&#47484; &#45796; &#51060;&#54644;&#54616;&#51648; &#47803;&#54620; &#52292; &#44536; &#45320;&#47672;&#50640; &#46020;&#49324;&#47536; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#49900;&#50672;&#51012; &#45576;&#47676; &#49552;&#51004;&#47196; &#45908;&#46316;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#50672;&#50557;&#54620; &#51316;&#51116;&#46308; &#50500;&#45776;&#44620; &#49910;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#50976;&#47484; &#45149;&#45236; &#50508;&#44256;&#51088; &#54616;&#45716; &#51064;&#44036;&#51032; &#49709;&#44256;&#54620; &#50676;&#47581;&#44284;, &#45796; &#50508;&#51648; &#47803;&#54644;&#46020; &#45817;&#51109; &#50724;&#45720;&#51012; &#44228;&#49328;&#54644; &#45236;&#50556;&#47564; &#54616;&#45716; &#49436;&#44544;&#54536; &#49689;&#47749;. &#44536; &#50500;&#49836;&#50500;&#49836;&#54620; &#51460;&#53440;&#44592;&#44032; &#48148;&#47196; &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#8216;&#44277;&#48512;&#8217;&#46972;&#44256; &#48512;&#47476;&#45716; &#54665;&#50948;&#51032; &#51652;&#51676; &#50620;&#44404;&#51068;&#51648;&#46020; &#47784;&#47476;&#44192;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50724;&#45720;&#46020; &#51200;&#45716; &#50500;&#51060;&#46308;&#50640;&#44172; &#51667;&#44418;&#44172; &#47931;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#8220;&#51060;&#44172; &#50780; &#51060;&#47092;&#44620;?&#8221; &#50616;&#51232;&#44032; &#51060; &#51656;&#47928;&#51060; &#48512;&#47700;&#46993;&#51060; &#46104;&#50612; &#54788;&#45824; &#44284;&#54617;&#51032; &#47784;&#49692; &#50526;&#50640; &#49436; &#51080;&#45716; &#45208; &#51088;&#49888;&#50640;&#44172; &#44032;&#51109; &#52264;&#44049;&#44172; &#46028;&#50500;&#50732; &#44163;&#51012; &#45320;&#47924;&#45208; &#51096; &#50508;&#47732;&#49436;&#46020; &#47568;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Shut Up and Calculate!: From the Equation ax=b to Quantum Mechanics, the Calculating Brain and the Understanding Mind]]></title><description><![CDATA[The paradox of human intellect facing boundaries of predictability: A physicist&#8217;s reflection on the sublime struggle of learning beyond formulas.]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/shut-up-and-calculate-from-the-equation</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/shut-up-and-calculate-from-the-equation</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 20 Jun 2026 16:24:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4bcc1456-08ff-4d91-b421-1e012ded6b9f_523x376.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When teaching mathematics, there are three distinct questions that immediately reveal whether a student uses a concept merely as a &#8216;tool&#8217; to solve problems, or deeply understands it as a &#8216;language&#8217; to interpret the world. I often employ these questions as a sort of litmus test to gauge a student&#8217;s mathematical depth.</p><h3>Three Litmus Tests to Awaken Mathematical Intuition</h3><p>The first litmus test is an incredibly simple linear equation that even a seventh-grader should be able to solve: <em>ax = b</em>. When casually presented with this, the vast majority of students answer without hesitation: <em>x = b/a</em>. Frankly speaking, this is a 50-point response.</p><p>A slightly more clever student might note, &#8220;Teacher, since we cannot divide by zero, this answer is only valid when <em>a</em> is not zero (<em>a &#8800; 0</em>).&#8221; Reaching this milestone earns an 80-point grade.</p><p>A flawless 100-point response requires digging relentlessly into the scenario where <em>a = 0</em>. If <em>b</em> is also zero, then all real numbers become solutions; if <em>b</em> is not zero, the equation yields no solution. Mathematics, after all, is a discipline that questions how honest and meticulous we can remain in the face of the exception known as &#8216;zero.&#8217;</p><p>The second test concerns the &#8216;definition of a function.&#8217; Students routinely memorize the textbook definition: &#8220;For every single independent variable <em>x</em>, there must correspond one and only one dependent variable <em>y</em>.&#8221; However, when I press them on the essence&#8212;&#8221;Why must it be so?&#8221;&#8212;a heavy silence suddenly blankets the room.</p><p>In those moments, I offer the analogy of a bank account dedicated to saving money for a car purchase. If the amount of money saved (<em>y</em>) during a specific month (<em>x</em>) is not clearly fixed&#8212;meaning two different <em>y</em> values correspond to a single point in time <em>x</em>, or no value appears at all&#8212;we can never calculate the final sum that will accumulate. The strict reason functions are defined with such rigidity is that they guarantee the practical value of &#8216;predictability&#8217; in human life. Memorizing definitions without knowing their purpose leaves them as lifeless as a stuffed bat on display.</p><p>The third test asks &#8216;why a denominator can never be zero.&#8217; The answer is far less simple than it appears. Let us visualize the familiar graph of <em>y = 1/x</em> in our minds.</p><p>As <em>x</em> approaches the boundary of zero from the right (positive numbers) by even a fraction, <em>y</em> skyrockets toward positive infinity (+&#8734;). Conversely, approaching from the left (negative numbers) causes it to plunge instantly into the depths of negative infinity (-&#8734;). At the fleeting boundary of the coordinate &#8216;0,&#8217; the number stripped of its identity is torn apart in opposite directions.</p><p>A domain strictly forbidden because it can never be defined within the mathematical universe. When children come to comprehend this logical barrier with their hearts, they experience a delightful shiver at the chilly precision of mathematics.</p><h3>The Bizarre Contradiction Thrown by the Frontiers of Modern Science</h3><p>After pushing students up to the blackboard and demanding such rigid logic, a strange sense of embarrassment and contradiction inevitably wells up within me. This happens whenever I shift my gaze outward to the world of quantum mechanics, hailed as the absolute pinnacle of modern physics.</p><p>Using the Schr&#246;dinger equation, physicists compute the position and energy of an electron to dozens of decimal places with absolute, staggering precision. The very technology powering the semiconductors we manufacture and the smartphones we carry today rests upon these exquisite calculations.</p><p>Yet, behind this flawless computation, if one poses the foundational question&#8212;&#8221;What is the actual physical reality and meaning of this phenomenon?&#8221;&#8212;even the greatest geniuses of physics find themselves uniformly tongue-tied.</p><p>Does it mean a particle does not exist as a physical entity until it is observed? Or does it imply that countless parallel universes coexist in a state of simultaneous superposition? Scientists have spent over a century locked in fierce debate over this &#8216;essential meaning.&#8217; It is no wonder that a blunt phrase has come to circulate within the physics community as a melancholic maxim:</p><blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;Shut up and calculate!&#8221;</strong></p></blockquote><h3>The Human Destiny of Feeling Through the Abyss</h3><p>Herein lies a truly bizarre paradox. While learning the foundations of mathematics, a student who mechanically calculates without understanding the &#8220;why&#8221; is severely reprimanded. Yet, at the very frontier of human science, refraining from asking &#8220;why&#8221; and simply punching numbers into a calculator becomes the highest virtue. The universe proves to be an utterly incomprehensible spectacle.</p><p>Perhaps human intellect is a process of lonely, piece-by-piece construction of tiny islands called &#8216;computable domains&#8217; upon a boundless ocean of truth.</p><p>Whether it is a middle school student pondering the exception of zero in a simple <em>ax = b</em> expression, or a physicist solving the wave function of the universe, we are ultimately fragile beings, feeling with blind hands through a vast abyss that looms beyond formulas whose complete meanings we have failed to fully grasp.</p><p>The noble human yearning to ultimately know the reason, juxtaposed with the sorrowful destiny of having to calculate today&#8217;s reality without ever fully knowing&#8212;that precarious tightrope walk might well be the true face of what we call &#8216;learning.&#8217;</p><p>So today, I mischievously ask my students once more, &#8220;Why is this so?&#8221; knowing all too well that this very question will one day return like a boomerang, confronting me coldly before the grand contradictions of modern science.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[내가 AI가 되어 머신러닝을 한다는 것: 듀오링고가 깨운 생물학적 신경망의 데이터 학습법]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#50500;&#47924;&#47088; &#52488;&#44592; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#8216;0(Null)&#51032; &#49345;&#53468;&#8217;&#50640;&#49436; &#47560;&#51452;&#54620; &#45216;&#44163;&#51032; &#48176;&#50880;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51064;&#51648; &#49888;&#44221;&#47581; &#52572;&#51201;&#54868;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#44277;&#54617;&#51201; &#44592;&#47197;.]]></description><link>https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/ai</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ymkimphd.substack.com/p/ai</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[김영민 (Young Min Kim)]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:34:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cfd39dc3-8c69-4b82-9658-bec674af3d8f_524x389.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#52384;&#51200;&#54620; &#47928;&#48277; &#51473;&#49900;&#51032; &#8216;&#53457;&#45796;&#50868;(Top-down)&#8217; &#50616;&#50612; &#44277;&#48512; &#44288;&#49457;&#50640;&#49436; &#48279;&#50612;&#45208;, &#46272;&#50724;&#47553;&#44256;&#46972;&#45716; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#50500;&#47924;&#47088; &#49440;&#54665; &#51648;&#49885; &#50630;&#51060; &#48120;&#51648;&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#49714;&#51012; &#54756;&#47588;&#47728; &#45516; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#54869;&#47456;&#51201; &#44032;&#51473;&#52824;&#47484; &#44228;&#49328;&#54644;&#45236;&#45716; &#8216;&#48148;&#53568;&#50629;(Bottom-up)&#8217; &#47672;&#49888;&#47084;&#45789; &#44284;&#51221;&#51012; &#47932;&#47532;&#54617; &#48143; &#44277;&#54617;&#51201; &#49884;&#49440;&#51004;&#47196; &#48516;&#49437;&#54620; &#50640;&#49464;&#51060;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#55124;&#55176; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#50616;&#50612;&#47484; &#8216;&#44277;&#48512;&#8217;&#54620;&#45796;&#44256; &#47568;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54617;&#52285; &#49884;&#51208; &#50864;&#47532;&#44032; &#50689;&#50612;&#50752; &#51228;2 &#50808;&#44397;&#50612;&#47484; &#48176;&#50912;&#45912; &#51221;&#54805;&#54868;&#46108; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51012; &#46496;&#50732;&#47140; &#48372;&#47732; &#44536; &#45800;&#50612;&#45716; &#44900; &#51201;&#51208;&#54644; &#48372;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47676;&#51200; &#47928;&#48277;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#44204;&#44256;&#54620; &#49444;&#44228;&#46020;&#47484; &#47672;&#47551;&#49549;&#50640; &#51060;&#49885;&#54616;&#44256;, &#44536; &#53952;&#50640; &#47582;&#52628;&#50612; &#45800;&#50612;&#46972;&#45716; &#48317;&#46028;&#51012; &#49939;&#50500; &#50732;&#47532;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;. &#49548;&#50948; &#8216;&#53457;&#45796;&#50868;(Top-down)&#8217; &#48169;&#49885;&#51032; &#54617;&#49845;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#47928;&#51109;&#51060; &#50780; &#44536;&#47111;&#44172; &#44396;&#49457;&#46104;&#45716;&#51648; &#45436;&#47532;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#8216;&#51060;&#54644;&#8217;&#54644;&#50556;&#47564; &#48708;&#47196;&#49548; &#51077;&#51012; &#46532; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52572;&#44540; &#50616;&#50612; &#54617;&#49845; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51064; &#46272;&#50724;&#47553;&#44256;(Duolingo)&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#51068;&#48376;&#50612;&#47484; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436;, &#51200;&#45716; &#51060; &#49688;&#49901; &#45380; &#46108; &#54617;&#49845;&#51032; &#44288;&#49457;&#51060; &#48145;&#48148;&#45797;&#48512;&#53552; &#55124;&#46308;&#47532;&#45716; &#44592;&#47896;&#54620; &#44221;&#54744;&#51012; &#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#50640;&#45716; &#52828;&#51208;&#54620; &#47928;&#48277; &#49444;&#47749;&#49436;&#44032; &#51316;&#51116;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45824;&#49888; &#48145;&#46020; &#45149;&#46020; &#50630;&#51060; &#44032;&#44277;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#45800;&#50612;&#50752; &#47928;&#51109;(Raw Data)&#51012; &#45912;&#51256;&#51460; &#49104;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47560;&#52824; &#49714;&#51032; &#51204;&#52404; &#51648;&#46020;&#47484; &#48372;&#50668;&#51452;&#45716; &#45824;&#49888;, &#51068;&#45800; &#44618;&#51008; &#49714;&#49549;&#51004;&#47196; &#50976;&#44592;&#52404;&#47484; &#48128;&#50612; &#45347;&#44256; &#44600;&#51012; &#52286;&#51004;&#46972;&#44256; &#47568;&#54616;&#45716; &#46319;&#54620; &#8216;&#48148;&#53568;&#50629;(Bottom-up)&#8217; &#48169;&#49885;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>1. &#51648;&#46020;&#44032; &#48169;&#54644;&#44032; &#46104;&#45716; &#50669;&#49444;&#51032; &#49692;&#44036;</h3><p>&#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51008; &#49888;&#49440;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51064;&#44036;&#51032; &#50616;&#50612;&#46976; &#48376;&#46356; &#50500;&#44592;&#44032; &#44152;&#51020;&#47560;&#47484; &#46524;&#46319; &#50728;&#47800;&#51032; &#44048;&#44033;&#51004;&#47196; &#48176;&#50864;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#47582;&#51004;&#45768;&#44620;&#50836;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#44263; &#51228; &#45236;&#47732;&#50640;&#49436; &#47896;&#54620; &#48520;&#54200;&#54632;&#44284; &#47560;&#52272;&#51060; &#52286;&#50500;&#50772;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51228; &#47672;&#47551;&#49549;&#50640; &#51060;&#48120; &#54028;&#54200;&#54868;&#46104;&#50612; &#45224;&#50500;&#51080;&#45912; &#44284;&#44144;&#51032; &#51068;&#48376;&#50612; &#47928;&#48277; &#51648;&#49885;&#46308;&#51060; &#50669;&#49444;&#51201;&#51064; &#45432;&#51060;&#51592;&#47196; &#51089;&#50857;&#54620; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#8220;&#51060; &#47928;&#51109;&#51008; &#51312;&#49324;&#44032; &#50780; &#51060;&#47000;?&#8221;, &#8220;&#46041;&#49324; &#48320;&#54805; &#44508;&#52825;&#51060; &#47952;&#51648;?&#8221;&#46972;&#45716; &#51032;&#47928;&#51060; &#45130;&#51076;&#50630;&#51060; &#47672;&#47551;&#49549; &#51064;&#53552;&#54168;&#51060;&#49828;&#47484; &#44036;&#49453;&#54616;&#47728;, &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51060; &#51228;&#49884;&#54616;&#45716; &#51649;&#44288;&#51201;&#51064; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#55120;&#47492;&#51012; &#48169;&#54644;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51648;&#46020;&#44032; &#50612;&#49444;&#54532;&#44172; &#49552;&#50640; &#45224;&#50500;&#51080;&#51004;&#45768;, &#45576;&#50526;&#51032; &#49373;&#49373;&#54620; &#54413;&#44221;&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#54616;&#51648; &#47803;&#54616;&#44256; &#51088;&#44984;&#47564; &#45217;&#51008; &#51333;&#51060; &#51648;&#46020;&#47484; &#46308;&#52656;&#48372;&#47728; &#50672;&#49328;&#51012; &#45229;&#48708;&#54616;&#44172; &#46108; &#49480;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#47928;&#46301; &#48376;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#51656;&#47928;&#51060; &#49373;&#44220;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><blockquote><p><em>&#8216;&#47564;&#50557; &#45236;&#44032; &#50500;&#47924;&#47088; &#51648;&#46020;&#46020; &#50630;&#45716;, &#50756;&#48317;&#54616;&#44172; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#47924;(Null)&#51064; &#49345;&#53468;&#51032; &#45231;&#49440; &#49714;&#50640; &#45912;&#51256;&#51652;&#45796;&#47732; &#45236; &#45516;&#45716; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#48152;&#51025;&#54624;&#44620;?&#8217;</em></p></blockquote><p>&#44536;&#47000;&#49436; &#51200;&#45716; &#47924;&#47784;&#54620; &#49892;&#54744;&#51012; &#44048;&#54665;&#54616;&#44592;&#47196; &#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50616;&#50612;&#54617;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#45800; &#54620; &#51312;&#44033;&#51032; &#49440;&#54665; &#51648;&#49885;&#46020; &#50630;&#45716; &#50756;&#51204;&#54620; &#48120;&#51648;&#51032; &#50689;&#50669;, &#47084;&#49884;&#50500;&#50612;&#47484; &#48176;&#50864;&#44592;&#47196; &#49440;&#50616;&#54620; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>2. &#45236;&#44032; AI&#44032; &#46104;&#50612; &#47672;&#49888;&#47084;&#45789;&#51012; &#54620;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;</h3><p>&#47084;&#49884;&#50500;&#50612;&#46972;&#45716; &#51077;&#47141;&#44050;(Input)&#51008; &#44032;&#54841;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#53412;&#47540; &#47928;&#51088;&#45716; &#54644;&#46021; &#48520;&#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868; &#50508;&#44256;&#47532;&#51608; &#44057;&#50520;&#44256;, &#48156;&#51020;&#51008; &#54784;&#51032; &#47932;&#47532;&#51201; 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&#51648;&#45208;&#51088; &#51064;&#51648; &#49888;&#44221;&#47581; &#45236;&#48512;&#50640;&#49436; &#44592;&#51060;&#54620; &#54788;&#49345;&#51060; &#44288;&#52769;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#53945;&#51221; &#54364;&#54788;&#44284; &#49884;&#44033; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#48152;&#48373;&#54644;&#49436; &#47588;&#52845;&#46112; &#46412;, &#51228; &#45516;&#44032; &#44536;&#44163;&#51012; &#8216;&#45436;&#47532;&#51201; &#47928;&#48277;&#8217;&#51004;&#47196; &#51060;&#54644;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#8216;&#54869;&#47456;&#51201; &#54056;&#53556;(Pattern)&#8217;&#51004;&#47196; &#51221;&#47148;&#54616;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54620; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#8220;&#51060; &#49345;&#54889;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#50780; &#51060;&#47088; &#44201;&#48320;&#54868; &#49548;&#47532;&#44032; &#45208;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716;&#51648;&#8221; &#51064;&#44284;&#44288;&#44228;&#47200;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#49444;&#47749;&#54624; &#49688;&#45716; &#50630;&#51648;&#47564;, &#8220;&#51060;&#47088; &#44536;&#47548; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#54868;&#47732;&#50640; &#47196;&#46300;&#46104;&#47732; &#51060; &#49548;&#47532;&#44032; &#51221;&#45813;&#51068; &#54869;&#47456;&#51060; 90% &#51060;&#49345;&#51060;&#45796;&#8221;&#46972;&#45716; &#44032;&#51473;&#52824; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#45516;&#49464;&#54252;&#50640; &#49939;&#50668;&#44052;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#44163;&#51008; &#47560;&#52824; &#51228;&#44032; &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#51064;&#44277;&#51648;&#45733;(AI) &#54532;&#47196;&#49464;&#49436;&#44032; &#46104;&#50612; &#49688;&#47564; &#44060;&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#54617;&#49845;&#54616;&#45716; &#8216;&#47672;&#49888;&#47084;&#45789;(Machine Learning)&#8217;&#51032; &#44284;&#51221;&#44284; &#49548;&#47492; &#46027;&#46020;&#47197; &#55137;&#49324;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44144;&#45824;&#50616;&#50612;&#47784;&#45944;(LLM)&#51064; AI&#45716; &#51064;&#44036; &#50616;&#50612;&#51032; &#44508;&#52825;&#51012; &#46384;&#47196; &#48176;&#50864;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#51200; &#48169;&#45824;&#54620; &#53664;&#53360;(Token) &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#53685;&#44284;&#49884;&#53412;&#47728; &#53685;&#44228;&#54617;&#51201;&#51064; &#54869;&#47456; &#54056;&#53556;&#51012; &#52286;&#50500;&#45244; &#49104;&#51060;&#51424;. &#51200; &#50669;&#49884; &#44536;&#47111;&#44172; &#51312;&#44552;&#50473; &#47084;&#49884;&#50500;&#50612;&#46972;&#45716; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#48288;&#51060;&#49828;&#47484; &#51228; &#45516;&#51032; &#54616;&#46300;&#50920;&#50612;&#50640; &#45796;&#51060;&#47113;&#53944;&#47196; &#51060;&#49885;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#50632;&#45912; &#44163;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>3. &#45436;&#47532;&#51201; &#51060;&#54644;&#51032; &#51200;&#54200;&#50640;&#49436; &#50724;&#45716; &#54644;&#48169;&#44048;</h3><p>&#47928;&#48277;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; 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&#44202;&#51004;&#47728; &#45516; &#49888;&#44221;&#47581;&#51060; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#52572;&#51201;&#51032; &#44032;&#51473;&#52824; &#44221;&#47196;&#47484; &#52286;&#50500;&#45236;&#46020;&#47197; &#46356;&#48260;&#44613;&#51032; &#49884;&#44036;&#51012; &#44592;&#45796;&#47140;&#51452;&#45716; &#51068;. &#44536;&#44163;&#51008; &#51648;&#51201;&#51064; &#48516;&#49437;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#52384;&#51200;&#55176; &#49373;&#47932;&#54617;&#51201;&#51064; &#52404;&#46301;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50780; &#44536;&#47088;&#51648; &#50669;&#54617;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51613;&#47749;&#54624; &#49692; &#50630;&#51648;&#47564; &#51077;&#49696;&#50640; &#51088;&#50672;&#49828;&#47101;&#44172; &#48537;&#45716; &#54364;&#54788;&#46308;&#51060; &#49373;&#44200;&#45208;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54664;&#51012; &#46412;, &#51200;&#45716; &#49373;&#44221;&#54620; &#54644;&#48169;&#44048;&#51012; &#47579;&#48372;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#8216;&#51060;&#54644;(Understanding)&#8217;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50500;&#46020; &#44048;&#44033;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#8216;&#51064;&#51648;(Recognition)&#8217;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;. &#45436;&#47532;&#44032; &#48120;&#52376; &#45823;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#44618;&#51008; &#44275;&#50640;&#49436; &#49373;&#52404; &#49468;&#49436;&#44032; &#47676;&#51200; &#50616;&#50612;&#51032; &#51452;&#54028;&#49688;&#47484; &#51105;&#50500;&#52292;&#45716; &#44221;&#54744;&#51008;, &#54217;&#49373; &#51060;&#49457;&#51201;&#51064; &#49688;&#49885;&#44284; &#45436;&#47532; &#52404;&#44228; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#54217;&#54805;&#51012; &#50976;&#51648;&#54644; &#50728; &#51228;&#44172; &#45824;&#45800;&#55176; &#49888;&#49440;&#54620; &#52649;&#44201;&#51060;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h3>&#47610;&#51004;&#47728;: &#45796;&#49884;, 0&#51032; &#49345;&#53468;&#47196; &#49440;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;</h3><p>&#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#45208;&#51060;&#44032; &#46308;&#44256; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51032; &#50672;&#47452;&#51060; &#49939;&#51068;&#49688;&#47197;, &#47924;&#50616;&#44032;&#47484; &#50500;&#47924;&#47088; &#52488;&#44592; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#8216;0(Null)&#51032; &#49345;&#53468;&#8217;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51012; &#48376;&#45733;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#46160;&#47140;&#50892;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#48120; &#45236;&#48512;&#50640; &#44396;&#52629;&#54644; &#46164; &#51648;&#49885;&#51032; &#54532;&#47112;&#51076;(Frame)&#50640; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#48320;&#49688;&#47484; &#50613;&#51648;&#47196; &#45180;&#50892; &#47582;&#52628;&#47140;&#45796; &#48372;&#45768;, &#51221;&#51089; &#45216;&#44163;&#51032; &#48176;&#50880;&#51060; &#51452;&#45716; &#49692;&#49688;&#54620; &#46020;&#54028;&#48124;&#51032; &#44592;&#49256;&#51012; &#45459;&#52824;&#44592;&#46020; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51648;&#46020; &#54620; &#51109; &#50630;&#51060;, &#50508;&#54028;&#48307;&#51032; &#44592;&#54840;&#51312;&#52264; 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&#51060; &#44144;&#45824;&#54620; &#49464;&#49345;&#51012; &#52376;&#51020; &#47560;&#51452;&#54664;&#51012; &#46412; &#44032;&#51276;&#45912; &#44032;&#51109; &#49692;&#49688;&#54620; &#54617;&#49845;&#51032; &#50620;&#44404;&#51068;&#51648;&#46020; &#47784;&#47476;&#44192;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50724;&#45720;&#46020; &#51200;&#45716; &#47084;&#49884;&#50500;&#50612;&#51032; &#45231;&#49440; &#49548;&#47532; &#54028;&#46041;&#46308;&#51012; &#47673;&#50612;&#52824;&#50864;&#47728; &#51228; &#50504;&#51032; &#49373;&#47932;&#54617;&#51201; &#49888;&#44221;&#47581;&#51012; &#51221;&#48128;&#54616;&#44172; &#51116;&#44396;&#49457;(Reshaping)&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45236;&#51068;&#51008; &#46608; &#50612;&#46500; &#47924;&#51089;&#50948;&#51032; &#54056;&#53556;&#51060; &#51228; &#45516;&#51032; &#49468;&#49436;&#47484; &#44648;&#50864;&#44172; &#46112;&#44620;&#50836;. &#51648;&#46020;&#45716; &#50976;&#49892;&#46104;&#50632;&#51648;&#47564;, &#48120;&#51648;&#51032; &#49714;&#51012; &#44151;&#45716; &#48156;&#44152;&#51020;&#47564;&#53372;&#51008; &#51228;&#48277; &#44032;&#48333;&#44256; &#47749;&#53132;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>